Joint Agriculture, State and Public Lands & Water Resources Sheridan, WY Submitted By: Slade Franklin Weed and Pest Coordinator Wyoming Department of Agriculture 06/10/19

1. Wyoming Weed and Pest Control Districts a. First districts were created in state statute in 1923 which allowed for the creation of pest districts for grasshoppers, army worms and other pests (prairie dogs). b. In 1935 state statutes allowed for the creation of pest districts for weeds. c. In 1953 state statutes allowed for the creation of weed and pest control districts, but did not require them, nor did they follow county boundaries. i. Sixteen districts organized under this law. ii. Eight were county-wide. d. In 1973 the Weed and Pest Control Act of 1973 was passed. i. State statute requires each county to have a weed and pest control district. 1. This a fundamental difference between Wyoming and most other states. ii. Run by five or seven member District Boards appointed by the County Commissioners iii. Employee a District Supervisor and staff as needed. iv. State statutes requires each district to implement an effective program for the state “Designated” weeds and pests. v. State statutes allow each district to implement effective programs for county “Declared” weeds and pests. vi. Provides up to 1 mill levy assessed to property in the county for funding. e. In 1978 an additional 1 mill levy was available for districts who implemented leafy spurge, later know as Special Management Programs. i. Can be implanted on two (2) weeds or (2) pests, or combination of both. ii. Currently eleven (11) districts have special management programs. Leafy spurge is priority. f. Hire seasonal employees (Approximately 250 seasonal jobs statewide)

2. Wyoming Weed and Pest Council (WWPC) a. Created in 1939 with the creation of the Biennial Pest Control Conference. i. Created as a partnership between the pest districts, Wyoming Department of Agriculture (WDA) and the University of Wyoming (UW). b. 1973 law changes included the definition of the Council within the statutes. i. One representative from each district. ii. WDA Director is liaison to the Council. c. Neither WDA nor UW votes on business matters concerning the Council. i. UW – College of Agriculture Weed Science Program and the Extension Entomology programs have been significant contributors to the success of the Council and districts. d. President of the Council must be a district board member. e. In 2019 Evanston will be hosting the 75th meeting of the Council. f. The Council and the Wyoming Board of Agriculture maintain the state “Designated” and “Declared” weed and pest lists through approval of joint resolutions.

3. Designated/Declared List a. Wyoming Designated List i. Weeds 1. Last amended in 2018 with the addition of Medusahead, ventenata and Yellow starthistle 2. Thirty (30) weeds are listed. a. One native plant (skeletonleaf bursage) ii. Pests 1. No pests have been added or removed in the last forty (50) years. 2. All native species. iii. Species must be present in Wyoming to be added in to the Designated List. iv. Compared to other states our list is small. 1. Oregon >120 species 2. Washington >120 species. 3. California > 170 species 4. The threat of these weeds moving east is real. a. Yellow starthistle 1.5 million acres in California i. All known acres have been treated in Wyoming ii. Sporadic introductions in Teton, Washakie and Uinta Counties

4. Commercial Introduction of Weeds in Wyoming a. Major transportation routes are a major vector for the introduction and spread of invasive weeds. Two of the major methods of movement are rail lines and roads. b. Railroads i. Over 1900 miles of track in Wyoming 1. Union Pacific Railroad 2. Burlington Northern Railroad ii. 1896 – Railroad right-of-ways were blamed for the movement of Russian thistle from South Dakota to Wyoming to California within a 5 year span. iii. 2006 – Wyoming discovered Viper’s bugloss along the railroad tracks in Laramie, Albany and Uinta Counties. iv. W.S. 37-9-311. Spraying weeds on rights-of-way. It shall further be the duty of the railroad to spray noxious weeds on rights-of-way to prevent spread to adjoining lands. c. Highways and Interstates i. Over 33,000 miles of public roads in the state. 1. 914 miles of interstates 2. I-80 one of the busiest routes for coast to coast commercial vehicle movement ii. Studies in Montana have shown passenger cars can carry anywhere from three to 135 seeds per vehicle and vehicles have spread over 500 different plant species.

5. Examples of Existing Programs to Help Manage Introduction a. Prevention is the best method of control. i. The WDA and Weed and Pest Control District do not have the capacity to inspect all commercial freight or traffic traveling through the state. 1. The cost to do this would be significant. 2. Regulatory authority would have to be provided under statute. a. No authority to stop traffic or fine for non-compliance. ii. Existing Preventative Programs 1. Weed Free Forage a. Districts certify fields are free of listed invasive weeds at a maximum ten days before harvest. b. Certified hay is required on all National Forest System (NFS) lands. c. Certified hay is required on BLM lands managed by the Worland Field Office d. WYDOT and some pipeline companies require it for all reclamation projects. iii. State Quarantine Law 1. At the request of a Weed and Pest Board the WDA Director can issue a state- wide or district wide quarantine. a. Three existing quarantines i. Teton County Weed and Pest Control District -1987 1. Movement of farm products into the district. 2. Hay/mulch in transportation must be certified or covered. 3. Agreement with the Highway Patrol to pull over or inspect for compliance. ii. Park County Weed and Pest Control District – 1968/1980 1. Movement of farm products and equipment grown and raised in the district. 2. Entry of farm products and equipment into the district. iii. Big Horn County Weed and Pest Control District – 1976 1. Movement of farm products outside of the individual farm or ranch. 2. Farm products brought into the district. 3. Requires cleaning of threshing machines or combines before moving to a different farm. b. Treatment Programs and Funding i. District mill levys 1. Provides herbicide cost-share for private landowners and application assistance. 2. Administrative costs, salaries and equipment. ii. State Lands Funding 1. Provides funding for treatment of state lands. iii. Federal Lands Funding 1. Districts utilize cooperative agreements with several federal agencies including BLM, USFS, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Bureau of Reclamation. a. Assists the federal agencies in treating their noxious weed acres b. Assists the districts in meeting their district wide objectives. 2. Various state and federal and private grant programs are available and utilized by the districts and the WDA. (WNRTF; USFS State and Private Forestry; National Invasive Species Council – EDRR Pilot Project Grant; National Turkey Federation; Pheasants Forever. iv. Wyoming Department of Agriculture Weed and Pest Funding Programs 1. All grants and funding contracts are approved by the Weed and Pest – State Allocation Committee as created by state statute. a. Two Weed and Pest Supervisors b. One Weed and Pest District Board Member c. Member the Board of Agriculture d. WDA Director 2. WYDOT Designated and Declared Right of Way Control Program a. Annual allocation of $500,000 b. Allocated to the WDA for oversight and management c. Annual allocation to all twenty-three (23) districts d. Districts do not charge the program administrative/overhead costs. 3. Special Management Program Grants a. FY19 – 20 Allocation $320,145 b. $77,182 is allocated to the Weed and Pest Council – Bio-control Consortium to help fund research into new bio-control agents. c. $242,963 ($121,481 annually) is allocated to Weed and Pest Control Districts with Special Management Programs. i. Utilizing second mill levy. ii. Leafy spurge programs receive priority. 4. Pesticide Registration Fee Grant a. FY19 – 20 Allocation $773,671 b. $30,000 is allocated to the Weed and Pest Council – GIS/Mapping Committee to assist with streamlining district mapping efforts. c. $743,671 ($371,835.00 annually) is allocated to Weed and Pest Control Districts. i. Emphasis on funding is based on; 1. District are utilizing both mill levys; 2. EDRR Projects 3. Program objectives and goals. d. In 2018, the $371,835.00 was matched with $671,880.00 of district, federal and local landowner funds. Over ???? acres of invasive weeds were treated with these funds. c. Pesticide Registration Fees i. Original product registration costs were $5.00/product. ii. In 1993 the cost was increased to $75.00/product. 1. The funding increase was to assist with natural resources programs, weed and pest programs and the pesticide enforcement program. iii. In 2006 the Wyoming legislature introduced and passed legislation to deposit funds into a non-reverting “special natural resource account” for allocations to weed and pest programs. 1. Legislature capped the account to $1,250,000 thereby making it a biannual line-item in the WDA budget. iv. In 2016 the Wyoming legislature increased the registration cost to $90.00/product. 1. Money generated by the extra $15.00 is passed through to the University of Wyoming – Pesticide Safety Education Program. v. $90.00/product is the lowest registration cost of any state. vi. Since 2006 the biennial budget line-item has been decreased through budget cuts from $1,250,000 to $773,671.00

vii. Estimated pesticide registrations in Wyoming 1. Current Registration Costs $90/product 14,000 registrations x $90.00 = $1,116,270.00 UW-PSEP = $210,000.00 Weed and Pest PRFG = $773,182.00 State General Fund = $133,088.00

2. If Registration Cost was Increased to $130/product 14,000 registrations x $130.00 = $1,820,000.00 UW-PSEP = $210,000.00 Weed and Pest PRFG = $1,610,000.00 State General Fund = $133,088.00

WYOMING WEED & PEST CONTROL ACT STATE DESIGNATED WEEDS AND PESTS

NOTE: W.S. 11-5-105(a)(i) – “The district board shall: Implement and pursue an effective program for the control of designated weed s and pests;”

Designated Noxious Weeds W.S. 11-5-102 (a)(xi)

(1) Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) (2) Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) (3) Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) (4) Perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) (5) Quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) (6) Hoary cress (whitetop) (Cardaria draba and Cardaria pubescens (L.) Desv.) (7) Perennial pepperweed (giant whitetop) (Lepidium latifolium L.) (8) Ox-eye daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.) (9) Skeletonleaf bursage (Franseria discolor Nutt.) (10) Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens L.) (11) Yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris L.) (12) Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.) (13) Scotch thistle (Onopordum acanthium L.) (14) Musk thistle (Carduus nutans L.) (15) Common burdock (Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.) (16) Plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides L.) (17) Dyers woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) (18) Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale L.) (19) Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) (20) Diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.) (21) Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) (22) Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) (23) Common St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) (24) Common Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) (25) Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) (26) Black Henbane (Hyoscyamus Niger L.) (27) Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) (28) Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) (29) Ventenata (Ventenata dubia (Leers) Coss.) (30) Medusahead rye (Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski)

Designated Pests W.S. 11-5-102 (a)(xii) (1) Grasshoppers (2) Mormon crickets (3) Prairie dogs (4) Ground squirrels (5) Mountain pine beetle (6) Beet Leafhopper

Weed and Pest Declared List (By County) Amended April 2019

Defined by Wyoming Statutes:

W.S. 11-5-102(a)(vii) “"Declared pest" means any animal or insect which the board and the Wyoming weed and pest council have found, either by virtue of its direct effect, or as a carrier of disease or parasites, to be detrimental to the general welfare of persons residing within a district;”

W.S. 11-5-102(a)(viii) “"Declared weed" means any plant which the board and the Wyoming weed and pest council have found, either by virtue of its direct effect, or as a carrier of disease or parasites, to be detrimental to the general welfare of persons residing within a district;”

W.S. 11-5-105(a)(vi) “Participate in programs for the control of declared weeds and declared pests not included on the designated list. Such programs do not qualify for cost-sharing from the department.”

Procedures Defined by Wyoming Rules and Regulations:

Chapter 42. Board of Agriculture – Weed and Pest Rules and Regulations

Section 4. Declared Pest and Declared Weed Program Participation Under W.S. 11-5-105(b)(vi).

Albany County Converse County

Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Absinth wormwood Artemisia absinthium L. Plains larkspur/Geyer larkspur Delphinium geyeri Greene Alfalfa weevil Hypera postica Gyllenhal Locoweed Oxytropis spp. Baby’s breath Gypsophila paniculata L. Bull thistle Mosquito Culicidae spp. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Dunal Big Horn County Bur buttercup Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Roth Baby’s breath Gypsophila paniculata L. Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Common crupina Crupina vulgaris Cass. Chicory Cichorium intybus L. (Woolly) Distaff thistle Carthamus lanatus L. Common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L. Field dodder Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. Common crupina Crupina vulgaris Cass. Goatsrue Galega officinalis L. Common sunflower Helianthus annuus L. Gorse Ulex europaeus L. Curly dock Rumex crispus L. Iberian starthistle Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Spreng. Curlycup gumweed Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Italian thistle Carduus pycnocephalus L. Dames rocket Hesperis matronalis L. Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica Goatsrue Galega officinalis L. Meadow knapweed Centaurea pratensis Thuill. Gorse Ulex europaeus L. Orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum L. Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus (M. Bieb.) C.A. Mey. Poison hemlock Conium maculatum L. Iberian starthistle Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Spreng. Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Italian thistle Carduus pycnocephalus L. Purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa L. Jointed goatgrass Aegilops cylindrica Host. Redstem filaree Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her. ex Ait. Meadow knapweed Centaurea pratensis Thuill. Rush skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea L. Mosquito Culicidae spp.. Scentless chamomile Matricaria perforata Merat. Musk mustard Chorispora tenella (Pallas) DC. Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Northern pocket gopher Thomomys talpoides Squarrose knapweed Centaurea virgata Lam. ssp. squarrosa Orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum L. (Willd.) Gugler Plains larkspur/Geyer larkspur Delphinium geyeri Greene Swainsonpea Sphaerophysa salsula (Pallas) DC. Poison hemlock Conium maculatum L. Sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Syrian beancaper Zygophyllum fabago L. Purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa L. Tansy ragwort Senecio jacobaea L. Redstem filaree Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her.ex Ait Teasel Dipsacus fullonum L. Rush skeletonweed Chondrilla juncea L. Yellow hawkweed Hieracium fendleri Sch. Bip. Sandbur Cenchrus incertus Curtis Venice mallow Hibiscus trionum L. Scentless chamomile Matricaria perforata Merat. Viper’s bugloss Echium vulgare L. Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Squarrose knapweed Centaurea virgata Lam. ssp. squarrosa Campbell County (Willd.) Gugler Sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Dunal Syrian beancaper Zygophyllum fabago L. Common Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L. Tansy ragwort Senecio jacobaea L. Jointed goatgrass Aegilops cylindrica Host. Teasel Dipsacus fullonum L. Mosquito Culex tarsalis Wavyleaf thistle Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Poison hemlock Conium maculatum Western sticktight Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh Carbon County Yellow hawkweed Hieracium fendleri Sch. Bip..

Common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L. Crook County Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus (M. Bieb.) C.A. Mey. Mosquito Culicidae spp. Plains pricklypear Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Dunal Plains larkspur/Geyer larkspur Delphinium geyeri Green Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Wyeth lupine Lupinus wyethii S. Watson. Common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L. Great plains yucca Yucca glauca Nutt. Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius (Shaw) Sulphur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh

Weed and Pest Declared List (By County) Amended April 2019

Fremont County Natrona County

Baby’s Breath Gypsophila paniculata Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Dunal Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Bulbous Bluegrass Poa bulbosa L. Dames rocket Hesperis matronalis L. Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Mosquito Culex tarsalis Common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L. Northern pocket gopher Thomomys talpoides Curlycup gumweed Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Oystershell Scale Lepidosaphes ulmi Curly dock Rumex crispus L. Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Cutleaf Viper Grass Scorzonera laciniata L. Swainsonpea Sphaerophysa salsula (Pallas) DC. Dames rocket Hesperis matronalis L. Sulphur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Foxtail barley Hordeum jubatum L. Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus (M. Bieb.) C.A. Mey. Goshen County Mosquito Culicidae spp. Northern pocket gopher Thomomys talpoides Marestail Conyza canadensis Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Mosquito Culicidae spp. Western Salsify Tragopogon dubious Scop. Palmer amaranth Amaranthus palmeri Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Niobrara County Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Dunal Hot Springs County Deptford pink Dianthus armeria Douglas fir tussock moth Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough) Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Hoary Alyssum Berteroa incana Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Marestail Conyza canadensis Curlycup gumweed Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius (Shaw) Duncecap larkspur Delphinium occidentale (S. Watson) Showy milkweed Asclepias speciosa Torr. Mosquito Culicidae spp. Sulphur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Plains larkspur/Geyer larkspur Delphinium geyeri Greene Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Park County Johnson County Baby’s Breath Gypsophila paniculata Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Dunal Blue Mustard Chorispora tenella Common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L. Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Curly dock Rumex crispus L. Chicory Cichorium intybus L. Curlycup gumweed Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Dames rocket Hesperis matronalis L. Duncecap larkspur Delphinium occidentale (S. Watson) Duncecap larkspur Delphinium occidentale (S. Watson) Hoary Alyssum Berteroa incana Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis Mosquito Culicidae spp. Hoary Alyssum Berteroa incana Moth Mullein Verbascum blattaria Lanceleaf sage Salvia reflexa Hornem. Orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum L. Plains larkspur/Geyer larkspur Delphinium geyeri Greene Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Redstem filaree Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her. Ex Ait. Rocky Mountain Bee Plant Cleome serrulata Showy milkweed Asclepias speciosa Torr. Varroa mites Varroa destructor Sulphur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh White Campion Silene latifolia Wild four o’clock Mirabilis nyctaginea Laramie County Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh

Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Platte County Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Hairy goldenaster Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners Alfalfa weevil Hypera postica Gyllenhal Jointed goat grass Aegilops cylindrica Host. Black fly Simuliidae spp. Locoweed Oxytropis spp. Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Dunal Plains pricklypear Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Plains larkspur/Geyer larkspur Delphinium geyeri Greene Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius (Shaw) Chicory Cichorium intybus L. Sandbur Cenchrus incertus Curtis Common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L. Viper’s bugloss Echium vulgare L. Common sunflower Helianthus annuus L. Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh Curlycup gumweed Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Curly dock Rumex crispus L. Lincoln County Great plains yucca Yucca glauca Nutt. Jointed goatgrass Aegilops cylindrical Host Alfalfa weevil Hypera postica Gyllenhal Mosquito Culicidae spp. Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Plains larkspur/Geyer larkspur Delphinium geyeri Greene Mosquito Culicidae spp. Plains pricklypear Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius (Shaw) Pocket Gophers Geomys and Thomomys spp. Poison hemlock Conium maculatum L. Poison hemlock Conium maculatum L. Poplar borer Saperda calcarata Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Western water hemlock Cicuta douglasii (DC.) J.M. Coult. & Silky Crazyweed Oxytropis sericea (Nutt.) Rose Western Salsify Tragopogon dubious Scop. Wild oat Avena fatua L. Western water hemlock Cicuta douglasii (DC.) J.M. Coult. & Rose Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh Wyeth lupine Lupinus wyethii S. Watson.

Weed and Pest Declared List (By County) Amended April 2019

Sheridan County Teton County (cont.)

Alfalfa weevil Hypera postica Gyllenhal Sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Dunal Tall buttercup Ranunculus acris L. Common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L. Teasel Dipsacus fullonum L. Common Lambsquarter Chenopodium album L. Yellow chamomile Anthemis tinctoria Curly dock Rumex crispus L. Yellow hawkweed Hieracium fendleri Sch. Bip. Mosquito Culicidae spp. Yellow flag iris Iris pseudacorus Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius (Shaw) Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.- Poison hemlock Conium maculatum Laubach Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Water lettuce Pistia stratiotes Sulphur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Western waterhemlock Cicuta douglasii Uinta County Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh Varroa mites Varroa destructor Alfalfa weevil Hypera postica Gyllenhal Golden pea Thermopsis rhombifolia Sublette County Mosquito Culicidae spp. Viper’s bugloss Echium vulgare L. Austrian fieldcress Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Bess. Sheep keds Melophagus ovinus Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Sulphur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Field scabious Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. Hoary alyssum Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Washakie County Scentless chamomile Matricaria perforata Merat. Western water hemlock Cicuta douglasii (DC.) J.M. Coult. & Absinth wormwood Artemisia absinthium L. Rose Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Sweetwater County Common crupina Crupina vulgaris Cass. (Woolly) Distaff thistle Carthamus lanatus L. Army cutworm Euxos auxilliarius Duncecap Larkspur Delphinium occidentale (S. Watson) Black fly Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt Iberian starthistle Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Spreng. Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Italian thistle Carduus pycnocephalus L. Common Raven Corvus corax Meadow knapweed Centaurea pratensis Thuill. Common Reed Phragmites australis Mosquito Culicidae spp. Curlycup gumweed Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum L. Curly dock Rumex crispus L. Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Foxtail barley Hordeum jubatum L. Purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa L. Lady’s bedstraw Galium verum L. Rush skeltonweed Chondrilla juncea L. Mosquito Culicidae spp. Sandbur Cenchrus incertus Curtis Mountain thermopsis Thermopis montana Nutt. Scentless chamomile Matricaria perforata Merat. Northern pocket gopher Thomomys talpoides Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Poplar bud gall mite Eriophes parapopuli Keifer Squarrose knapweed Centaurea virgata Lam. ssp. squarrosa Showy milkweed Asclepias speciosa Torr. (Willd.) Gugler Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh Sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Wild oats Avena fatua Swainsonpea Sphaerophysa salsula (Pallas) DC. Tansy ragwort Senecio jacobaea L. Teton County Teasel Dipsacus fullonum L. Venice mallow Hibiscus trionum L. Absinth wormwood Artemisia absinthium L. Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh Austrian fieldcress Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Bess Yellow hawkweed Hieracium fendleri Sch. Bip. Baby’s Breath Gypsophila paniculata Bohemian knotweed Weston County Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Black medic Medicago lupulina L. Chicory Cichorium intybus L. Broom snakeweed Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Curly-leaf pondweed Potamogeton crispus Rusby Cypress spurge Euphorbia cyparissias L. Cheatgrass / downy brome Bromus tectorum L. Dames rocket Hesperis matronalis L. Common purslane Portulaca oleracea L. Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Curly dock Rumex crispus L. Field scabious Knautia arvensis (L.) Coult. Musk mustard Chorispora tenella (Pallas) DC. Giant knotweed Fallopia sachalinensis Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Himalayan knotweed Polygonum polystachyum Sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta L. Hoary alyssum Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Meadow knapweed Centaurea pratensis Thuill. Mosquito Culicidae spp. Moth Mullein Verbascum blattaria Myrtle spurge Euphorbia myrsinites L. Orange hawkweed Hieracium aurantiacum L. Poison hemlock Conium maculatum Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris L. Rush skeltonweed Chondrilla juncea L. Scentless chamomile Matricaria perforata Merat. Squarrose knapweed Centaurea virgata Lam. ssp. squarrosa (Willd.) Gugler

Oregon Department of Agriculture

Noxious Weed Policy and Classification System 2019

Noxious Weed Control Program

Address: 635 Capitol Street NE, Salem, Oregon 97301

Phone: (503) 986-4621 Fax: (503) 986-4786

www.oregon.gov/ODA/programs/Weeds/Pages/AboutWeeds.aspx

Mission Statement

To protect Oregon’s natural resources and agricultural economy from the invasion and proliferation of invasive noxious weeds.

Program Overview

The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) Noxious Weed Control Program provides statewide leadership for coordination and management of state listed noxious weeds. The state program focuses on noxious weed control efforts by implementing early detection and rapid response projects for new invasive noxious weeds, implementing biological control, implementing statewide inventory and survey, assisting the public and cooperators through technology transfer and noxious weed education, maintaining noxious weed data and maps for priority listed noxious weeds, and assisting land managers and cooperators with integrated weed management projects. The Noxious Weed Control Program also supports the Oregon State Weed Board (OSWB) with administration of the OSWB Grant Program, developing statewide management objectives, developing weed risk assessments, and maintaining the state noxious weed list.

Tim Butler Program Manager [email protected] (503) 986-4621

Table of Contents

Policy and Classification System………………………………………...... 1

Criteria…………………………………………………………………………. 3

Classification Definitions…………………………………………………….. 4

Weed Biological Control…………………………………………………….. 4

A Listed Weeds……………………………………………………………...... 5

B Listed Weeds.………………………………………………………………. 7

Noxious Weed Control Policy and Classification System

Definition “Noxious weed” means a terrestrial, aquatic or marine plant designated by the Oregon State Weed Board under ORS 569.615 as among those representing the greatest public menace and as a top priority for action by weed control programs.

Noxious weeds have become so thoroughly established and are spreading so rapidly on private, state, county, and federally owned lands, that they have been declared by ORS 569.350 to be a menace to public welfare. Steps leading to eradication, where possible, and intensive control are necessary. It is further recognized that the responsibility for eradication and intensive control rests not only on the private landowner and operator, but also on the county, state, and federal governments.

Weed Control Policy Therefore, it shall be the policy of ODA to: 1. Assess non-native plants through risk assessment processes and make recommendations to the Oregon State Weed Board for potential listing. 2. Rate and classify weeds at the state level. 3. Prevent the establishment and spread of listed noxious weeds. 4. Encourage and implement the control or containment of infestations of listed noxious weed species and, if possible, eradicate them. 5. Develop and manage a biological weed control program. 6. Increase awareness of potential economic losses and other undesirable effects of existing and newly invading noxious weeds, and to act as a resource center for the dissemination of information. 7. Encourage and assist in the organization and operation of noxious weed control programs with government agencies and other weed management entities. 8. Develop partnerships with county weed control districts, universities, and other cooperators in the development of control methods. 9. Conduct statewide noxious weed surveys and weed control efficacy studies.

1

Weed Classification System The purpose of this Classification System is to: 1. Act as the ODA’s official guideline for prioritizing and implementing noxious weed control projects. 2. Assist the ODA in the distribution of available funds through the Oregon State Weed Board to assist county weed programs, cooperative weed management groups, private landowners, and other weed management entities. 3. Serve as a model for private and public sectors in developing noxious weed classification systems that aid in setting effective noxious weed control strategies.

2 Criteria for Determining Economic and Environmental Significance

Detrimental Effects

1. A plant species that causes or has the potential to cause severe negative impacts to Oregon’s agricultural economy and natural resources. 2. A plant species that has the potential to or does endanger native flora and fauna by its encroachment into forest, range, aquatic and conservation areas. 3. A plant species that has the potential or does hamper the full utilization and enjoyment of recreational areas. 4. A plant species that is poisonous, injurious, or otherwise harmful to humans and/or animals.

Plant Reproduction

1. A plant that reproduces by seed capable of being dispersed over wide areas or that is long-lived, or produced in large numbers. 2. A plant species that reproduces and spreads by tubers, creeping roots, stolons, rhizomes, or other natural vegetative means.

Distribution

1. A weed of known economic importance which occurs in Oregon in small enough infestations to make eradication/containment possible; or not known to occur, but its presence in neighboring states makes future occurrence seem imminent. 2. A weed of economic or ecological importance and of limited distribution in Oregon. 3. A weed that has not infested the full extent of its potential habitat in Oregon.

Difficulty of Control

A plant species that is not easily controlled with current management practices such as chemical, cultural, biological, and physical methods.

3

Noxious Weed Control Classification Definitions

Noxious weeds, for the purpose of this system, shall be listed as either A or B, and may also be designated as T, which are priority targets for control, as directed by the Oregon State Weed Board. • A Listed Weed: A weed of known economic importance which occurs in the state in small enough infestations to make eradication or containment possible; or is not known to occur, but its presence in neighboring states make future occurrence in Oregon seem imminent (Table I). Recommended action: Infestations are subject to eradication or intensive control when and where found. • B Listed Weed: A weed of economic importance which is regionally abundant, but which may have limited distribution in some counties (Table II). Recommended action: Limited to intensive control at the state, county or regional level as determined on a site specific, case-by-case basis. Where implementation of a fully integrated statewide management plan is not feasible, biological control (when available) shall be the primary control method. • T-Designated Weed (T): A designated group of weed species that are selected and will be the focus for prevention and control by the Noxious Weed Control Program. Action against these weeds will receive priority. T-designated noxious weeds are determined by the Oregon State Weed Board and directs ODA to develop and implement a statewide management plan. T-designated noxious weeds are species selected from either the A or B list.

Weed Biological Control

Oregon implements biological control, or “biocontrol” as part of its integrated pest management approach to managing noxious weeds. This is the practice of using host-specific natural enemies such as insects or pathogens to control noxious weeds. The Oregon Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Program has adopted the International Code of Best Practices for biological control of weeds. Only safe, effective, and federally- approved natural enemies will be used for biocontrol.

4 Table I: A Listed Weeds Common Name Scientific Name African rue (T) Peganum harmala Camelthorn Alhagi pseudalhagi Cape-ivy (T) Delairea odorata Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara Common frogbit Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Cordgrass Common Spartina anglica Dense-flowered (T) Spartina densiflora Saltmeadow (T) Spartina patens Smooth (T) Spartina alterniflora Delta arrowhead (T) Sagittaria platyphyla European water chestnut Trapa natans Flowering rush (T) Butomus umbellatus Garden yellow loosestrife (T) Lysimachia vulgaris Giant hogweed (T) Heracleum mantegazzianum Goatgrass Barbed (T) Aegilops triuncialis Ovate Aegilops ovata Goatsrue (T) Galega officinalis Hawkweed King-devil Hieracium piloselloides Mouse-ear (T) Hieracium pilosella Orange (T) Hieracium aurantiacum Yellow (T) Hieracium floribundum Hoary alyssum (T) Berteroa incana Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata Japanese dodder Cuscuta japonica Kudzu (T) Pueraria lobata Matgrass (T) Nardus stricta Oblong spurge (T) Euphorbia oblongata Paterson’s curse (T) Echium plantagineum Purple nutsedge Cyperus rotundus Ravennagrass (T) Saccharum ravennae Silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium Squarrose knapweed (T) Centaurea virgata (T) T-Designated Weed (See page 4)

5 (Continued) Table I: A Listed Weeds

Common Name Scientific Name Starthistle Iberian (T) Centaurea iberica Purple (T) Centaurea calcitrapa Syrian bean-caper Zygophyllum fabago Thistle Plumeless (T) Carduus acanthoides Smooth distaff Carthamus baeticus Taurian (T) Onopordum tauricum Welted (curly plumeless) (T) Carduus crispus Woolly distaff (T) Carthamus lanatus Water soldiers Stratiotes aloides West Indian spongeplant Limnobium laevigatum White bryonia Bryonia alba Yellow floating heart (T) Nymphoides peltata Yellowtuft (T) Alyssum murale, A. corsicum (T) T-Designated Weed (See page 4)

6 Table II: B Listed Weeds

Common Name Scientific Name Armenian (Himalayan) blackberry Rubus armeniacus (R. procerus, R. discolor) Biddy-biddy Acaena novae-zelandiae Broom French* Genista monspessulana Portuguese (T) Cytisus striatus Scotch* Cytisus scoparius Spanish Spartium junceum Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Butterfly bush Buddleja davidii (B. variabilis) Common bugloss (T) Anchusa officinalis Common crupina Crupina vulgaris Common reed Phragmities australis ssp. australis Creeping yellow cress Rorippa sylvestris Cutleaf teasel Dipsacus laciniatus Dodder Smoothseed alfalfa Cuscuta approximata Five-angled Cuscuta pentagona Bigseed Cuscuta indecora Dyer’s woad Isatis tinctoria Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum False brome Brachypodium sylvaticum Field bindweed* Convolvulus arvensis Garlic mustard (T) Alliaria petiolata Geranium Herb Robert Geranium robertianum Shiny leaf Geranium lucidum Gorse* (T) Ulex europaeus Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus Houndstongue Cynoglossum officinale Indigo bush Amorpha fruticosa Ivy Atlantic Hedera hibernica English Hedera helix Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense * Biocontrol (See page 4) (T) T-Designated Weed (See page 4)

7 (Continued) Table II: B Listed Weeds

Common Name Scientific Name Jointed goatgrass Aegilops cylindrica Jubata grass Cortaderia jubata Knapweed Diffuse* Centaurea diffusa Meadow* Centaurea pratensis Russian* Acroptilon repens Spotted* (T) Centaurea stoebe (C. maculosa) Knotweed Bohemian Fallopia x bohemica Giant Fallopia sachalinensis (Polygonum) Himalayan Polygonum polystachyum Japanese Fallopia japonica (Polygonum) Kochia Kochia scoparia Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria Meadow hawkweed (T) Pilosella caespitosum (Hieracium) Mediterranean sage* Salvia aethiopis Medusahead rye Taeniatherum caput-medusae Old man’s beard Clematis vitalba Parrot feather Myriophyllum aquaticum Perennial peavine Lathyrus latifolius Perennial pepperweed (T) Lepidium latifolium Pheasant’s eye Adonis aestivalis Poison hemlock* Conium maculatum Policeman’s helmet Impatiens glandulifera Puncturevine* Tribulus terrestris Purple loosestrife* Lythrum salicaria Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ribbongrass (T) Phalaris arundinacea var. Picta Rush skeletonweed* (T) Chondrilla juncea Saltcedar* (T) Tamarix ramosissima Small broomrape Orabanche minor South American waterweed Egeria densa (Elodea) Spanish heath Erica lusitanica Spikeweed Hemizonia pungens *Biocontrol (See page 4) (T) T-Designated Weed (See page 4)

8 (Continued) Table II: B Listed Weeds

Common Name Scientific Name Spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum Spurge laurel Daphne laureola Spurge Leafy* (T) Euphorbia esula Myrtle Euphorbia myrsinites St. Johnswort* Hypericum perforatum Sulfur cinquefoil Potentilla recta Swainsonpea Sphaerophysa salsula Tansy ragwort* (T) Senecio jacobaea (Jacobaea vulgaris) Thistle Bull* Cirsium vulgare Canada* Cirsium arvense Italian Carduus pycnocephalus Milk* Silybum marianum Musk* Carduus nutans Scotch Onopordum acanthium Slender-flowered* Carduus tenuiflorus Toadflax Dalmatian* (T) Linaria dalmatica Yellow* Linaria vulgaris Tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Ventenata grass Ventenata dubia Primrose Willow Large-flower (T) Ludwigia grandiflora Water primrose (T) Ludwigia hexapetala Floating (T) Ludwigia peploides Whitetop Hairy Lepidium pubescens Lens-podded Lepidium chalepensis Whitetop (hoary cress) Lepidium draba Yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yellow flag iris Iris pseudacorus Yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus Yellow starthistle* Centaurea solstitialis *Biocontrol (See page 4) (T) T-Designated Weed (See page 4)

9

2/2019

Eradication of Class A plants is required by law. law. by required is plants A Class of Eradication

designated for control in your area. your in control for designated

not become widespread in our forests. our in widespread become not Control Board to learn which Class B species are are species B Class which learn to Board Control

aggressively being targeted for eradication so it does does it so eradication for targeted being aggressively Please contact your County Noxious Weed Weed Noxious County your contact Please

limited in Washington. As a Class A noxious weed, it is is it weed, noxious A Class a As Washington. in limited

forest floors. Fortunately, its distribution is still still is distribution its Fortunately, floors. forest this species for control to meet local needs and priorities. and needs local meet to control for species this

parts of the country where it completely dominates dominates completely it where country the of parts counties in regions with widespread distribution can select select can distribution widespread with regions in counties

is highly invasive in many many in invasive highly is (above) mustard Garlic Designate in many counties. As with Scotch broom, broom, Scotch with As counties. many in Designate

widespread in Eastern WA, where it is a Class B Non- B Class a is it where WA, Eastern in widespread

selected for control in your area. your in control for selected

in Western WA, where it is a Class B-Designate, and and B-Designate, Class a is it where WA, Western in

Control Board to learn which Class C species are are species C Class which learn to Board Control

(above) is limited in distribution distribution in limited is (above) toadflax Dalmatian

Please contact your County Noxious Weed Weed Noxious County your contact Please

resources and encourage voluntary control. control. voluntary encourage and resources

control this species or may opt to provide educational educational provide to opt may or species this control

parts of the state. Counties may require landowners to to landowners require may Counties state. the of parts

(above) is widespread in many many in widespread is (above) Blackberry Himalayan

(eliminated). (eliminated).

Class A noxious weed plants must be eradicated eradicated be must plants weed noxious A Class

from gaining a foothold in Washington. By law, all all law, By Washington. in foothold a gaining from

Cascades.

distribution, and the goal is to prevent them them prevent to is goal the and distribution,

designated for control in almost every county east of the the of east county every almost in control for designated

Non-native plants that are limited in their their in limited are that plants Non-native it does not become a problem statewide. Therefore, it is is it Therefore, statewide. problem a become not does it

Class A Weeds A Class abundant and to control and prevent its spread so that that so spread its prevent and control to and abundant

Washington. The goal is to contain it where it is already already is it where it contain to is goal The Washington.

Washington but still limited or absent in eastern eastern in absent or limited still but Washington

County, among others. others. among County, widespread. widespread.

(above) is widespread in western western in widespread is (above) broom Scotch County, Clark County, Franklin County, and Spokane Spokane and County, Franklin County, Clark County,

local level for weeds that are already already are that weeds for level local

for control in their county last year, including Adams Adams including year, last county their in control for

Allow flexibility of weed control at the the at control weed of flexibility Allow •

Washington. Several counties selected this species species this selected counties Several Washington.

(above) is widespread throughout throughout widespread is (above) thistle Canada to un-infested areas un-infested to

they occur and prevent their movement movement their prevent and occur they

populations to regions of the state where where state the of regions to populations

Restrict already established weed weed established already Restrict •

detected

by eradicating them when they are first first are they when them eradicating by the primary goal. goal. primary the

Prevent small infestations from expanding expanding from infestations small Prevent • decided at the local level, with containment as as containment with level, local the at decided

a Class B species is already abundant, control is is control abundant, already is species B Class a

system is designed to: designed is system

provide education or technical consultation. technical or education provide where distribution is still limited. In regions where where regions In limited. still is distribution where

pose to Washington State. This classification classification This State. Washington to pose

if locally desired. Other counties may choose to to choose may counties Other desired. locally if in areas where they have not yet invaded or or invaded yet not have they where areas in

species and the seriousness of the threat they they threat the of seriousness the and species Class C status allows counties to require control control require to counties allows status C Class areas. They are designated for mandatory control control mandatory for designated are They areas.

B, and C – based on the distribution of each each of distribution the on based – C and B, species but does not require control of them. The The them. of control require not does but species these noxious weeds from spreading into new new into spreading from weeds noxious these

provides educational resources about these these about resources educational provides groups weeds into three major classes – A, A, – classes major three into weeds groups line” around and contain infested regions, to keep keep to regions, infested contain and around line”

agricultural industry. The State Weed Board Board Weed State The industry. agricultural Weed List each year (WAC 16-750). This list list This 16-750). (WAC year each List Weed in other areas. The statewide goal is to “draw the the “draw to is goal statewide The areas. other in

in WA or are of special interest to the state’s state’s the to interest special of are or WA in in some areas of the state, but absent or limited limited or absent but state, the of areas some in Weed Control Board adopts a State Noxious Noxious State a adopts Board Control Weed

Noxious weeds that are typically widespread widespread typically are that weeds Noxious Non-native, invasive species that are abundant abundant are that species invasive Non-native, economy, the Washington State Noxious Noxious State Washington the economy,

Class C Weeds C Class Weeds B Class To help protect the State’s resources and and resources State’s the protect help To

County Contacts County Contacts Adams (509) 659-1806 Snohomish (425) 388-7548 Adam - District #1 (509) 488-9023 Spokane (509) 477-5777 2019 Asotin (509) 243-2032 Stevens (509) 684-7590 Benton (509) 943-6005 Thurston (360) 786-5576 Washington State Benton - District #1 (509) 786-5609 Wahkiakum (360) 795-3852 Chelan (509) 667-6576 Walla Walla (509)-524-2688 Noxious Weed List Clallam (360) 417-2442 Whatcom (360) 778-6234 Clark (360) 397-6140 Whitman (509) 397-6261 Columbia (509) 382-9760 Yakima (509) 574-2180 Cowlitz (360) 577-3117 To learn more about noxious weeds and Douglas (WSU) (509) 745-8531 Ext. 6352 noxious weed control in Washington State, Ferry (509) 775-5225 Ext. 1111 please contact: Franklin (509) 545-3847 Garfield (509) 843-1913 WA State Noxious Weed Control Board Grant (509) 754-2011 Ext. 4710 P.O. Box 42560 Olympia, WA 98504-2560 Grant - District #1 (509) 750-8948 (360)-725-5764 Grant - District #2 (509) 288-2483 Email: [email protected] Grant - District #3 (509) 398-1870 Website: http://www.nwcb.wa.gov Grays Harbor (360) 482-2265 Or Island (360) 678-7992 WA State Department of Agriculture Jefferson (360) 379-5610 Ext. 205 21 North First Avenue #103 King (206) 477-9333 Yakima, WA 98902 Dalmatian toadflax is designated for control Kitsap (360) 337-7157 Ext. 6261 (509) 249-6973 in three additional counties in Washington for Kittitas (509) 962-7007 2019. Check with your County Noxious Weed Klickitat (509) 773-5810 Control Board to find out about new Class B designation changes in your county. Lewis (360) 740-1215 Lincoln (509) 725-3646 Ext. 521 Mason (360) 427-9670 Ext. 592 Okanogan (509) 422-7165 List arranged alphabetically by: Pacific (360) 875-9425 SCIENTIFIC NAME Pend Oreille (509) 447-2402 Pierce (253) 798-7263 San Juan (360) 376-3499 Skagit (360) 416-1467 Skamania (509) 427-3941 Cover photo by Jennifer Andreas, WSU Extension, IWCP Noxious Weeds are non-native plants Noxious weeds can: introduced to Washington State that can • Lower crop yields • Reduce recreational opportunities (e.g., be highly destructive, competitive, and fishing, hunting, swimming and hiking) difficult to control. These plants invade our • Reduce forage quality croplands, rangeland, forests, parks, rivers, • Destroy plant and animal habitat • Decrease land values lakes, wetlands, and estuaries causing both • Displace native plants • Increase erosion and wildfire risk ecological and economical damage that • Clog waterways • And some are toxic to humans and affects us all. livestock. 2019 Washington State Noxious Weed List

Class A Noxious Weeds - Eradication required Class B Noxious Weeds-Continued Class C Noxious Weeds Aegilops cylindrica jointed goatgrass Alliaria petiolata garlic mustard Centaurea melitensis Malta starthistle Ailanthus altissima tree-of-heaven Brachypodium false brome Centaurea nigra knapweed, black Alopecurus myosuroides blackgrass sylvaticum Centaurea solstitialis yellow starthistle Artemisia absinthium absinth wormwood Butomus umbellatus flowering rush Centaurea stoebe knapweed, spotted Arum italicum Italian arum Carduus pycnocephalus thistle, Italian Centaurea x moncktonii knapweed, meadow Berberis vulgaris common barberry Carduus tenuiflorus thistle, slenderflower Chondrilla juncea rush skeletonweed Cenchrus longispinus longspine sandbur Centaurea calcitrapa purple starthistle Conium maculatum poison hemlock Centromadia pungens spikeweed Centaurea knapweed, bighead Cynoglossum officinale houndstongue Cirsium arvense thistle, Canada macrocephala Cyperus esculentus yellow nutsedge Cirsium vulgare thistle, bull Centaurea nigrescens knapweed, Vochin Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom Clematis vitalba old man’s beard Clematis orientalis oriental clematis Daphne laureola spurge laurel Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed Crupina vulgaris common crupina Echium vulgare blueweed Cortaderia jubata jubata grass Euphorbia oblongata eggleaf spurge Egeria densa Brazilian elodea Cortaderia selloana pampas grass Galega officinalis goatsrue Epilobium hirsutum hairy willowherb Crataegus monogyna English hawthorn Genista monspessulana French broom Euphorbia myrsinites spurge, myrtle Cuscuta approximata smoothseed alfalfa Glyceria maxima reed sweetgrass Euphorbia virgata spurge, leafy dodder Helianthus ciliaris Texas blueweed Ficaria verna lesser celandine Daucus carota wild carrot (except Heracleum giant hogweed Foeniculum vulgare common fennel, (except mantegazzianum where commercially (except F. vulgare var. bulbing fennel) grown) Hydrilla verticillata hydrilla azoricum) Dipsacus fullonum common teasel Impatiens parviflora small-flowered jewelweed Geranium lucidum shiny geranium Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive Isatis tinctoria dyer’s woad Geranium robertianum herb-Robert Gypsophila paniculata babysbreath Ludwigia peploides floating primrose-willow Hieracium aurantiacum hawkweed, orange Hedera helix ‘Baltica’, English ivy - four Mirabilis nyctaginea wild four-o’clock Hieracium, subgenus hawkweeds: All nonnative ‘Pittsburgh’, and ‘Star’; H. cultivars only (includes species and hybrids of the Myriophyllum variable-leaf milfoil Hieracium hibernica ‘Hibernica’ Atlantic ivy) heterophyllum Wall subgenus Hyoscyamus niger black henbane Pueraria montana var. kudzu Hieracium, subgenus hawkweeds: All nonnative Hypericum perforatum common St. Johnswort lobata Pilosella species and hybrids of the Meadow subgenus Hypochaeris radicata common catsear Salvia aethiopis Mediterranean sage Impatiens glandulifera policeman’s helmet Impatiens capensis spotted jewelweed Salvia pratensis meadow clary Jacobaea vulgaris tansy ragwort Iris pseudacorus yellow flag iris Salvia sclarea clary sage Lamiastrum galeobdolon yellow archangel Lepidium appelianum hairy whitetop Schoenoplectus ricefield bulrush mucronatus Lepidium latifolium perennial pepperweed Lepidium draba hoary cress Silybum marianum milk thistle Linaria dalmatica ssp. Dalmatian toadflax Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy dalmatica Solanum elaeagnifolium silverleaf nightshade Linaria vulgaris yellow toadflax Ludwigia hexapetala water primrose Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass Matricaria perforata scentless mayweed Lysimachia vulgaris loosestrife, garden Spartina alterniflora cordgrass, smooth Myriophyllum spicatum x Eurasian watermilfoil Lythrum salicaria loosestrife, purple M. sibiricum hybrid Spartina anglica cordgrass, common Lythrum virgatum loosestrife, wand Nymphaea odorata fragrant waterlily Spartina densiflora cordgrass, dense- flowered Myriophyllum aquaticum parrotfeather Phalaris arundinacea reed canarygrass Spartina patens cordgrass, saltmeadow Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian watermilfoil Potamogeton crispus curlyleaf pondweed Spartium junceum Spanish broom Nymphoides peltata yellow floating heart Rorippa austriaca Austrian fieldcress Zygophyllum fabago Syrian beancaper Onopordum acanthium Scotch thistle Rubus armeniacus Himalayan blackberry Persicaria wallichii knotweed, Himalayan Rubus laciniatus evergreen blackberry Secale cereale cereal rye Class B Noxious Weeds Phragmites australis common reed (nonnative genotypes only) Senecio vulgaris common groundsel Abutilon theophrasti velvetleaf Picris hieracioides hawkweed oxtongue Silene latifolia ssp. alba white cockle Alhagi maurorum camelthorn Polygonum cuspidatum knotweed, Japanese Solanum rostratum buffalobur Amorpha fruticosa indigobush Polygonum sachalinense knotweed, giant Soliva sessilis lawnweed Anchusa arvensis bugloss, annual Polygonum x bohemicum knotweed, Bohemian Sonchus arvensis ssp. perennial sowthistle arvensis Anchusa officinalis bugloss, common Potentilla recta sulfur cinquefoil Sphaerophysa salsula Swainsonpea Anthriscus sylvestris wild chervil Rhaponticum repens Russian knapweed Taeniatherum caput- medusahead Bassia scoparia kochia Saccharum ravennae Ravenna grass medusae Berteroa incana hoary alyssum Sagittaria graminea grass-leaved arrowhead Tanacetum vulgare common tansy Bryonia alba white bryony Tamarix ramosissima saltcedar Typha species nonnative cattail species Buddleja davidii butterfly bush Thymelaea passerina spurge flax Cabomba caroliniana fanwort and hybrids (reminder, Tribulus terrestris puncturevine does not include the Carduus acanthoides thistle, plumeless Tussilago farfara European coltsfoot native common cattail, Carduus nutans thistle, musk Ulex europaeus gorse Typha latifolia) Centaurea diffusa knapweed, diffuse Ventenata dubia ventenata Centaurea jacea knapweed, brown Xanthium spinosum spiny cocklebur Zostera japonica Japanese eelgrass

Comparison of State Pesticide Annual Registration Costs Per Product

WA - $195.00 ME - MT - $233.00 ND - $175.00 $160.00 OR - $320.00 MN - $400.00 WI - NY - ID - $160.00 SD - $120.00 $500.00 MI - $620.00 WY - $90.00 $370.00

IA - $250.00 PA - $250.00 NE - $160.00 NV - $125.00 OH - IL - IN - $225.00 CA - UT - $195.00 $300.00 $170.00 WV - CO - $165.00 VA - $1,150.00 MO - $125.00 KS - $210.00 $160.00 $150.00 KY - $250.00 NC - $175.00 TN - $200.00 AZ - $110.00 OK - $210.00 AR - SC - NM - $100.00 $250.00 $250.00 VT – $175.00 MS - AL - GA - NH – $160.00 $200.00 $300.00 $200.00 MA – $300.00 CT – $188.00 TX - $375.00 LA - RI – $200.00 $400.00 DE – $140.00 AK - FL - NJ – $300.00 $120.00 $350.00 MD – $110.00 DC - $250.00 HI - $330.00