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Understanding and addressing the impact of invasive non-native species in the UK Overseas Territories in the South Atlantic: A review of the potential for biocontrol DEFRA ref: CR 0492 CABI ref: TR10086 List of references Norbert Maczey, Rob Tanner, Oliver Cheesman and Richard Shaw December 2012 1 Contents Project introduction 3 References 3 Norbert Maczey Senior Ecologist/Entomologist CABI Bakeham Lane Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY UK T: +44 (0) 1491 829029 E: [email protected] 2 Project introduction Recent reviews of invasive non-native species (INNS) on the South Atlantic UKOTs, revealed that there is a considerable on-going threat by these species to the endemic biodiversity on these islands. Management plans and capacity building efforts to combat invasive plants have already been developed, or are in the process of being developed, by various conservation bodies and other research institutions. However, to-date, there are few plans to include classical biological control in these new schemes despite this management practise having a long history of successful use on islands in the past. We understand that many species including rare, endangered and/or iconic species are negatively impacted upon by introduced invasive plants or invertebrate species and that the reduction of their impact through biological control could bring tangible benefits to biodiversity in these fragile habitats. At present there is little known about the potential of this tool in South Atlantic UKOTs and therefore this feasibility study focuses on the future potential usage of this method. A major component of this study is a desk-based review assessing the impact of non-native plant and invertebrate species in the South Atlantic UKOTs. We rank the need and suitability for biological control of individual invasive species, from high to low, using a recently-developed weed biocontrol prioritisation tool, developed initially for Australia, but already proving to be very useful on the islands in the South Pacific. Priority species are selected on the basis of population dynamics, reported impact on biodiversity, impact on livelihoods, costs for on-going control measures other than biological control and others. In addition, two detailed case studies will evaluate the potential of implementing a biological control programme against priority species for the Falklands and South Georgia more closely. These detailed assessments will combine all current information about the target pest species including information on their native range, areas of introduction and recorded natural enemies in their areas of origin. Ranked in order of priority, and associated costs of available control options, we will include a catalogue of recommended strategies for each priority target species aimed to halt the biodiversity loss through invasive plant and invertebrate species more effectively. References Adair, R.J., Scott, J.K. (1991) Distribution, life history, host specificity and suitability of an undescribed Chrysolina species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for the biological control of Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Compositae). - Bulletin of Entomological Research, 81 (3): 235-242. Ahmed, M., Jabbar, A., Samad, K., (1977) Ecology and behaviour of Zyginidia quyumi (Typhlocybinae: Cicadellidae) in Pakistan. - Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 9 (1): 79-85. Andres, L.A. (1980) The biological control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) in the United States. - Canada Thistle Symposium. Agric. Canada, Regina Research Station: 112-127. Andres, L.A., Hawkes, R.B., Rizza, A. (1967) Apion seed weevil introduced for biological control of Scotch broom. - California Agriculture, 21: 13. Andrews, F.G. (1995) The Genus Aridius Motschulsky in the Falkland and South Georgia Islands (Coleoptera: Lathridiidae). - The Coleopterists’ Bulletin, 49: 29-34. Ang, B.N., Kok, L.T., Holtzman, G.I., Wolf, D.D. (1995) Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) response to density of Cassida rubiginosa Mnller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and plant competition. - Biological Control, 5 (1): 31-38. Annecke, D.P., Moran, V.C. (1978) Critical reviews of biological pest control in South Africa. 2. The prickly pear, Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller. - Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 41 (2): 161-188. Anthony, C.D., Hickerson, C.A.M., Venesky, M.D. (2007) Responses of juvenile terrestrial salamanders to introduced (Lithobius forficatus) and native centipedes (Scolopocryptops sexspinosus). - Journal of Zoology, 271 (1): 54-62. ARC (Agricultural Research Council) (2012) The Acacia Seed Weevils. - (Melanterius species). Natural Plant Protection Research Institute (ARC-PPRI), South Africa. http://www.arc.agric.za/uploads/images/2215_07acaciaseedweevil.pdf (accessed Nov. 2012). Archibald, R.D., Maddison, P.A. (1988) A summary of stored product Coleoptera in New Zealand and neighbouring Pacific countries. - New Zealand entomologist, 11: 1-6. Arndt, E. (2006) Niche Occupation by Invasive Ground-Dwelling Predator Species in Canarian Laurel Forests. - Biological Invasions, 8 (4): 893-902. 3 Ashmole, N.P., Ashmole, M.J. (1997) The Land Fauna of Ascension Island: New Data from Caves and Lava Flows, and a Reconstruction of the Prehistoric Ecosystem. - Journal of Biogeography, 24, (5): 549-589. Ashmole, P., Ashmole, M. (2000) St Helena and Ascension Island: A natural history. - Published by Anthony Nelson, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK: 475 pp. Ashmole, P., Ashmole, M. (2004) The invertebrates of Prosperous Bay Plain, St Helena. - Report to the St Helena National Trust: 80 pp. Aubert, B. (1987) Trioza erytreae Del Guercio and Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psylloidea), the two vectors of citrus greening disease: biological aspects andpossible control strategies. - Fruits, 42 (3): 149-162. Aubert, B., Bové, J.M., Etienne, J. (1980) La lutte contre la maladie du greening des agrumes à l'ile de la Réunion. Résultats et perspectives. - Fruits, 35: 605-624. Azab, A.K., Tawfik, M.F.S., Awadallah, K.T. (1964) Insect enemies of common flies in Giza Region. - Bull. Soc. ent. Egypte, 47: 277-286. Azaizeh, H., Gindin, G., Said, O., Barash, L. (2002) Biological control of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis in cucumber using the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. – Phytoparasitica, 30 (1): 18-24. Bacher, S., Friedli, J., SchSr, I. (2002) Developing in diseased host plants increases survival and fecundity in a stem-boring weevil. - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 103 (2): 191-195. Bagyanarayana, G., Ramesh, P. (1999) Puccinia cannacearum, a new rust taxon on Canna indica. - Indian Phytopathology, 52 (1): 98-99. Barker, G.M., Watts, C. (2002) Management of the invasive alien snail Cantareus aspersus on conservation land.- DOC Science Internal Series, No.31: 30pp. Barlow, N.D., Beggs, J.R., Barron, M.C. (2002) Dynamics of common wasps in New Zealand beech forests: a model with density dependence and weather. - Journal of Animal Ecology, 71: 663-671. Barlow, N.D., Beggs, J.R., Moller, H. (1998) Spread of the wasp parasitoid Sphecophaga vesparum vesparum following its release in New Zealand. - New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 22 (2): 205–208. Barlow, N.D., Moller, H., Beggs, J.R. (1996) A model for the effect of Sphecophaga vesparum vesparum as a biological control agent of the common wasp in New Zealand. - Journal of applied ecology, 33: 31–34. Barns, S.A. (2003) Tropical grass webworm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis): the right action at the right time. - AERU Discussion Paper, 150: 76-84. Barr, K., Moller, H., Christmas, E., Lyver, P., Beggs, J. (1996) Impacts of introduced common wasps (Vespula vulgaris) on experimentally placed mealworms in a New Zealand beech forest. – Oecologia, 105: 266–270. Barrion, A.T., Litsinger, J.A. (1987) Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): a new pest of lowland rice in the Philippines. - Philippine Entomologist, 7 (1): 67-84. Basilewsky, P. (ed.) (1970, 1972, 1976, 1977) La faune terrestre de l'île de Sainte- Hélène, parts 1, 2, 3, 4. Annales Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Série in-80 - Sciences zoologiques: 181, 192, 215, 220. Batchelor, K.L., Morin, L., Swirepik, A., Woodburn, T.L. (2004) Community involvement in the distribution of the biological control agents for bridal creeper, Asparagus asparagoides. - In: Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, Canberra, Australia, 27 April - 2 May, 2003 (Cullen, J.M., Briese, D.T., Kriticos, D.J., Lonsdale, W.M.,Morin, L.,Scott, J.K.(eds.)). Canberra, Australia: CSIRO Entomology: 381-385. Batchelor, K.L., Woodburn, T.L. (2002) Population development and impact of the bridal creeper leafhopper Zygina sp. in Western Australia. - In: 13th Australian Weeds Conference: weeds "threats now and forever?", Perth, Western Australia, 8-13 September 2002: papers and proceedings (Jacob, H.S., Dodd, J., Moore, J.H. (eds.) Victoria Park, Australia: Plant Protection Society of Western Australia Inc.: 381-384. Beggs, J.,, Harris, R. (2002) The status of Vespula vulgaris as a conservation pest in Australasia. In: Proceedings 14th Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects, 27 July - 3 August 2002, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan: 95. Beggs, J.R. (1991) Altitudinal variation in abundance of common wasps (Vespula vulgaris). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 18: 155–158. Beggs, J.R. (1999) The ecological impact and control of introduced wasps (Vespula spp) in Nothofagus forest. - Unpubl. PhD thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin,
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  • Soybean Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Harbor Highly Diverse Populations of Arthropod, Fungal and Plant Viruses

    Soybean Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Harbor Highly Diverse Populations of Arthropod, Fungal and Plant Viruses

    viruses Article Soybean Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Harbor Highly Diverse Populations of Arthropod, Fungal and Plant Viruses Thanuja Thekke-Veetil 1, Doris Lagos-Kutz 2 , Nancy K. McCoppin 2, Glen L. Hartman 2 , Hye-Kyoung Ju 3, Hyoun-Sub Lim 3 and Leslie. L. Domier 2,* 1 Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; [email protected] 2 Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; [email protected] (D.L.-K.); [email protected] (N.K.M.); [email protected] (G.L.H.) 3 Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 300-010, Korea; [email protected] (H.-K.J.); [email protected] (H.-S.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-217-333-0510 Academic Editor: Eugene V. Ryabov and Robert L. Harrison Received: 5 November 2020; Accepted: 29 November 2020; Published: 1 December 2020 Abstract: Soybean thrips (Neohydatothrips variabilis) are one of the most efficient vectors of soybean vein necrosis virus, which can cause severe necrotic symptoms in sensitive soybean plants. To determine which other viruses are associated with soybean thrips, the metatranscriptome of soybean thrips, collected by the Midwest Suction Trap Network during 2018, was analyzed. Contigs assembled from the data revealed a remarkable diversity of virus-like sequences. Of the 181 virus-like sequences identified, 155 were novel and associated primarily with taxa of arthropod-infecting viruses, but sequences similar to plant and fungus-infecting viruses were also identified.
  • 3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 Jetzt Beschriebenen Palaearctischen Ceuthor- Rhynchinen

    3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 Jetzt Beschriebenen Palaearctischen Ceuthor- Rhynchinen

    Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 305 Schultze, A. (1902): Kritisches Verzeichniss der bis 3.7.10 Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 jetzt beschriebenen palaearctischen Ceuthor- rhynchinen. – Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Roberto Caldara , Nico M. Franz, and Rolf 1902: 193 – 226. G. Oberprieler Schwarz, E. A. (1894): A “ parasitic ” scolytid. – Pro- ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 3: Distribution. The subfamily as here composed (see 15 – 17. Phylogeny and Taxonomy below) includes approx- Scudder, S. H. (1893): Tertiary Rhynchophorous Coleo- ptera of the United States. xii + 206 pp. US Geological imately 350 genera and 4500 species (O ’ Brien & Survey, Washington, DC. Wibmer 1978; Thompson 1992; Alonso-Zarazaga Stierlin, G. (1886): Fauna insectorum Helvetiae. Coleo- & Lyal 1999; Oberprieler et al. 2007), provisionally ptera helvetiae , Volume 2. 662 pp. Rothermel & Cie., divided into 34 tribes. These are geographically Schaffhausen. generally restricted to a lesser or larger degree, only Thompson, R. T. (1973): Preliminary studies on the two – Curculionini and Rhamphini – being virtually taxonomy and distribution of the melon weevil, cosmopolitan in distribution and Anthonomini , Acythopeus curvirostris (Boheman) (including Baris and Tychiini only absent from the Australo-Pacifi c granulipennis (Tournier)) (Coleoptera, Curculion- region. Acalyptini , Cionini , Ellescini , Mecinini , idae). – Bulletin of Entomological Research 63: 31 – 48. and Smicronychini occur mainly in the Old World, – (1992): Observations on the morphology and clas- from Africa to the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, sifi cation of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with Ellescini, Acalyptini, and Smicronychini also with a key to major groups. – Journal of Natural His- extending into the Nearctic region and at least tory 26: 835 – 891. the latter two also into the Australian one.