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Updated Vascular Plant Checklist and Atlas for the Falkland Islands

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Updated Vascular Plant Checklist and Atlas for the Falkland Islands UPDATED VASCULAR PLANT CHECKLIST AND ATLAS FOR THE FALKLAND ISLANDS 2014 Rebecca Upson and Richard Lewis Falkland Islands Government Citation: Upson R and Lewis R. Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 2014; 226 pp. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank: All at Falklands Conservation for support throughout our work The UK Overseas Territories team at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew for project support and technical assistance and Tim Wilkinson for GIS support All landowners, farmers and Stanley gardeners who have been so generous with their time and support, and for allowing access to all sites surveyed All volunteers who submitted records – too many to mention here but you know you are and hopefully how valuable your records are Beaver Island Landcare for highly valuable botanical records from places that are extremely difficult to get to All the organisations that have provided the funding that supported our work o Falkland Islands Government for funding on many of the projects listed o RSPB for managing the ‘South Atlantic Invasive Species Project’ 2006‐2009 o European Union for funding the ‘South Atlantic Invasive Species Project’ 2006‐2009 o Falklands Conservation for managing the project ‘Early intervention and control of invasive plants in the Falkland Islands’ 2011‐2013, and providing invaluable support during the ‘South Atlantic Invasive Species Project’ and during the 2009‐2010 field season o DEFRA for funding the project ‘Early intervention and control of invasive plants in the Falkland Islands’ 2011‐2013 o JNCC, The Bentham‐Moxon Trust (RBG, Kew) and the Falkland Islands Government (via the Environmental Studies Budget) for funding additional work, especially during the 2009‐2010 field season o OTEP, FIG and Falklands Conservation for funding ‘Falkland Islands Plants Conservation Project’ (2007‐9) and ‘Falkland Islands Native Plants Programme’ (2009‐11) o Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation fund for funding the Nassauvia falklandica survey work o New Island Conservation Trust for funding botanical baseline survey and habitat mapping of New Island (2010‐11) i Citation: Upson R and Lewis R. Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 2014; 226 pp. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................. i CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................... ii 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 History of botanical study .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The need for an updated checklist and atlas ............................................................................. 1 1.3 Native plants projects .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Invasive plants projects ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Other data sources ................................................................................................................................ 2 2. METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Data management and storage ........................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Survey methods and coverage ......................................................................................................... 3 2.2.1 Field data capture ...................................................................................................................................... 3 2.2.2 Native and Invasive Plants Projects .................................................................................................. 3 2.3 Mapping ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 3. CHECKLIST AND ATLAS OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS VASCULAR FLORA ...... 6 3.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1 Checklist .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1.2 Species of uncertain status .................................................................................................................... 6 3.1.3 Excluded species ......................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Format ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 3.2.1 Species accounts ......................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2.2 Distribution maps ...................................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Nomenclature and taxonomy ........................................................................................................... 9 3.3.1 Plant families ............................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3.2 Genera and species .................................................................................................................................... 9 3.3.3 Infraspecific taxa ..................................................................................................................................... 10 3.3.4 Synonyms .................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.3.5 Local names ............................................................................................................................................... 10 3.4 Biogeographic status ......................................................................................................................... 10 3.5 Naturalisation notes .......................................................................................................................... 10 3.5.1 Introduced status .................................................................................................................................... 10 3.5.2 Local extirpation ..................................................................................................................................... 11 4. CURRENT STATUS OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS NATIVE VASCULAR FLORA ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.1 An overview .......................................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Changes to the checklist since Broughton & McAdam, 2002 ........................................... 12 4.2.1 Discoveries .................................................................................................................................................. 13 4.2.2 Rediscoveries ............................................................................................................................................. 13 4.2.3 Local extinction ........................................................................................................................................ 13 4.3 Endemic and near‐endemic flora ................................................................................................. 15 4.3.1 Endemic species ....................................................................................................................................... 15 4.3.2 Near‐endemic taxa ................................................................................................................................. 16 4.4 Unresolved Issues ............................................................................................................................... 17 4.4.1 Endemic, native or introduced? ........................................................................................................ 17 4.4.1.1 Taxonomic uncertainty ..................................................................................................................... 17 ii Citation: Upson R and Lewis R. Updated atlas and checklist. Report to Falklands Conservation. 2014; 226 pp. 4.4.1.2 Association with anthropogenic habitats ................................................................................ 17 4.4.1.3 Restricted distribution ...................................................................................................................... 18 4.4.2 Native taxa with ongoing taxonomic issues ............................................................................... 20 4.5 Protected species................................................................................................................................21
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