DOCSLIB.ORG

TANSY RAGWORT Use

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TANSY RAGWORT Use Plant Guide state agriculture department regarding its status and TANSY RAGWORT use. Additional weed information is available from the PLANTS Web site at plants.usda.gov. Consult Senecio jacobaea L. other related web sites on the Plant Profile for this Plant Symbol = SEJA species for further information. Contributed by: USDA NRCS Montana State Office Description: Tansy ragwort is a winter annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial commonly growing between 8-36 inches (20-80 centimeters) tall, but sometimes to heights greater than 6 feet (175-200 centimeters) under optimal conditions. Rigid stems grow singly or in groups from an upright caudex with only the upper half of the stems branching at the inflorescence. Tansy ragwort additionally perennates via fragments of the numerous (50-100/crown) soft, fleshy roots that grow primarily horizontally and penetrate the soil to a maximum depth of 12 inches (30 centimeters). Rosettes, either seedling or root bud in origin, are formed from distinctive stalked basal leaves 2.7-7.9 inches (7-20 centimeters) long, deeply and pinnately lobed with ovate, obovate, or narrow coarsely- toothed segments. Leaves are either glabrous or with loose wooly down on the underside, especially during early development. Rosette leaves generally die back at or before flowering. Stem leaves are deeply bi- or tri-pinnatifid, arranged alternately on the stem and are reduced in size higher on the stem. Middle and upper stem leaves lack a petiole and slightly clasp the Tansy ragwort flowers. Photo by Michael Shephard, stem. USDA Forest Service, available from Bugwood.org Bright yellow, showy flowers arise only on the Caution: This plant may be weedy or invasive. pedicel ends; outer pedicels are progressively longer than inner pedicels and form flat- or round-topped, Alternate Names: staggerwort, stinking willy. dense and compact corymbs. Capitula 12-25 millimeters in diameter and numbering 20-60 per Uses: Tansy ragwort exceeds the 1975 U.S. National corymb have 13 dark-tipped bracts 3-4 millimeters Research Council protein and digestibility long, and are composed of both ray and disc florets. requirements for sheep for which it has been There are 13 achene producing ray florets with rays suggested as good summer feed. It is a good bio- 8-2 millimeters long. Disc florets are numerous and monitor of iron, manganese and zinc in atmospheric produce both pollen and achenes. The number of pollutants. capitula and achenes produced per plant is highly variable. Status: Tansy ragwort is a non-native, invasive terrestrial forb listed as noxious, prohibited, or Single seeds are contained within each achene; banned in nine states. achenes produced from ray florets shed their pappus, are glabrous, and have a thick pericarp, whereas Weediness: This plant may be weedy or invasive in achenes produced from disc florets retain their some regions or habitats and may displace desirable pappus, are pubescent with short hairs (trichomes) vegetation if not properly managed. Consult with along prominent ribs and are lighter in weight than your local NRCS Field Office, Cooperative ray achenes. The pappus, composed of numerous Extension Service office, state natural resource, or white 'hairs' 6 millimeters in length, is attached to the Plant Materials <http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/> Plant Fact Sheet/Guide Coordination Page <http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/intranet/pfs.html> National Plant Data Center <http://npdc.usda.gov> top of the achene; its resemblance to a white beard few days. The maximum potential for germination is explains the origin of the genus name, Senecio, reached when achenes leave the flowerhead: derived from the Latin senex for "old" or "old man". however, experimentation showed this potential did not significantly decrease after three years of storage Tansy ragwort can be distinguished from native under field conditions. Most seed germinates in the Senecio species by its comparatively larger size and late summer or early autumn, but seeds lying dormant exaggerated pattern of leaf dissection. Although throughout the winter will germinate at the beginning tansy ragwort superficially resembles common tansy of the growing season in the spring. Ideal (Tanacetum vulgare), it differs significantly in flower temperatures for germination range between 41-86o F composition, producing capitula with both ray and (5-30o C). Soil moisture influences germination: at disc florets whereas common tansy flowers are any given temperature an increase in soil moisture composed solely of disc florets. increases germination and the optimum temperature for germination changes as soil moisture changes. Distribution: For current distribution, consult the Vegetative cover may inhibit germination and frost, Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS drought, or burial may induce dormancy. Seed Web site. buried in soil deeper than 0.75 inch (2 centimeters) remain dormant. Light is required for germination. Habitat: Tansy ragwort tolerates a wide range of Studies showed 24% of seeds buried for six years habitats and environmental conditions but is maintained their viability. Also, seeds buried up to 2 generally found on mesic sites with commonly cool, centimeters deep had a higher germination rate than wet, cloudy weather. It grows on many soil types but seeds left on the soil surface, most likely because usually on lighter, well-drained loamy to sandy soils. moisture is consistently greater below the soil surface It normally does not grow where there is a high water than on the surface. Seeds subjected to drought or table or on highly acidic soils. In Europe it naturally cold temperature shock had delayed germination; the occurs in sand dune, woodland, and grassland longer the shock, the longer the delay. communities. In North America it is found in pastures, forest clearings, and waste places and is Seedling establishment and survival are variable, the often associated with Canada thistle (Cirsium largest determinant of survival being the amount of arvense), common St. Johnswort (Hypericum vegetative cover. In experimental garden plots two perforatum) and yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris). months after seeding tansy ragwort, no seedlings survived in plots with long grass or in plots with Life History: Tansy ragwort is typically a biennial short but continuous turf, whereas seedling survival plant: it reproduces for the most part by seed; it was greater in cleared or forest land areas than grassy overwinters in the seed or rosette stage; and it passes areas. Grazed pastures on Prince Edward Island, through the first growing season in the vegetative Canada, had about eight times more tansy ragwort rosette stage before becoming reproductively mature. plants than non-grazed pastures. However, because both the root and the caudex of this species have the capacity to form perennating Once established, seedlings form flattened rosettes buds under environmental or mechanical stress, tansy that are effective competitors. The large rosette ragwort has the vegetative regenerative capacity of a leaves are able to cover neighboring plants thereby perennial. A study of 179 plants in Australia found suppressing their growth. When the rosette leaves 2% were annuals, 45% biennials, and 39% were die, sites are opened for tansy ragwort seed perennials. A separate study in England found 8% of germination. One study found seedling establishment the plants were annuals, 39% were biennials, and was over four times higher on sites opened by dying 53% were perennials. Tansy ragwort has been rosettes than on sites in surrounding vegetation. observed as a true perennial by continuing to grow Alkaloids produced by rosettes may have the after flowering, particularly after disturbance. An allelopathic effect of suppressing other plants. Oregon study reported 20% of the tansy ragwort Rosette leaves die when plants flower. plants in a population were true perennials. Plants typically flower during the second year of Tansy ragwort has four distinct life history stages: growth. Flowering has been reported to begin as seeds, seedlings, rosettes, and flowering plants. The early as June and to last as late as mid-November. It viability of a tansy ragwort seed crop is about 80%. is believed rosettes must achieve some minimum size The seeds have no mechanisms of innate dormancy before flowering can begin, and the probability of other than the relatively thick pericarp on ray floret flowering increases as rosette size increases. Floral achenes which is believed to delay germination by a expansion is rapid and florets are receptive to pollination as soon as the floret is fully expanded. use of the product before applying. When using four Hymenopteran (bee/wasp) and dipteran (fly) insect pounds acid equivalent per gallon formulation, apply species are the primary pollinators of tansy ragwort. the mixed product at a rate of two quarts per acre. Seed disperses throughout the fall. Rosettes that do not flower continue to grow into the fall Tansy ragwort is listed on the following herbicide accumulating storage carbohydrate important for labels at rates in parentheses: picloram (1-2 qt./ac.), winter survival. Carbohydrate content of the plant is aminopyralid (5-7 oz./ac.), metsulfuron (0.5-1 oz./ac. highest going into winter. with nonionic surfactant at 0.5%), and chlorsulfuron (1-3 oz./ac. with nonionic surfactant at 0.5% volume Establishment: Tansy ragwort establishes from seed to volume). Metsulfuron and chlorsulfuron should and root fragments. not be applied
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Plant List Bristow Prairie & High Divide Trail
    *Non-native Bristow Prairie & High Divide Trail Plant List as of 7/12/2016 compiled by Tanya Harvey T24S.R3E.S33;T25S.R3E.S4 westerncascades.com FERNS & ALLIES Pseudotsuga menziesii Ribes lacustre Athyriaceae Tsuga heterophylla Ribes sanguineum Athyrium filix-femina Tsuga mertensiana Ribes viscosissimum Cystopteridaceae Taxaceae Rhamnaceae Cystopteris fragilis Taxus brevifolia Ceanothus velutinus Dennstaedtiaceae TREES & SHRUBS: DICOTS Rosaceae Pteridium aquilinum Adoxaceae Amelanchier alnifolia Dryopteridaceae Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea Holodiscus discolor Polystichum imbricans (Sambucus mexicana, S. cerulea) Prunus emarginata (Polystichum munitum var. imbricans) Sambucus racemosa Rosa gymnocarpa Polystichum lonchitis Berberidaceae Rubus lasiococcus Polystichum munitum Berberis aquifolium (Mahonia aquifolium) Rubus leucodermis Equisetaceae Berberis nervosa Rubus nivalis Equisetum arvense (Mahonia nervosa) Rubus parviflorus Ophioglossaceae Betulaceae Botrychium simplex Rubus ursinus Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata Sceptridium multifidum (Alnus sinuata) Sorbus scopulina (Botrychium multifidum) Caprifoliaceae Spiraea douglasii Polypodiaceae Lonicera ciliosa Salicaceae Polypodium hesperium Lonicera conjugialis Populus tremuloides Pteridaceae Symphoricarpos albus Salix geyeriana Aspidotis densa Symphoricarpos mollis Salix scouleriana Cheilanthes gracillima (Symphoricarpos hesperius) Salix sitchensis Cryptogramma acrostichoides Celastraceae Salix sp. (Cryptogramma crispa) Paxistima myrsinites Sapindaceae Selaginellaceae (Pachystima myrsinites)
    [Show full text]
  • Parnassia Fimbriata Var. Hoodiana
    Parnassia fimbriata K.D. Koenig var. hoodiana C.L. Hitchc. fringed grass-of-parnassus Saxifragaceae - saxifrage family status: State Threatened, BLM strategic, USFS strategic rank: G5T3 / S1 General Description: Hairless perennial herb from a short, stout rootstock. Flowering stems 1 to several, 1.5-3 (5) dm tall. Leaves all bas al, entire. P etioles (1 ) 3 -1 0 (1 5 ) c m long. Leaf blades (1 .5 ) 2 -4 (5 ) cm broad, mostly kidney-shaped, sometimes heart-shaped. Floral Characteristics: Flowering stems leafless, except for a heart-shaped bract somewhat clasping the stem, mostly 5-15 (20) mm long. Flowers terminal, solitary, erect. C alyx fused with the ovary for about 1 mm, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes oblong-ovate to elliptic-oval, 4-7 mm long, usually 5-7 veined, entire or fringed toward the rounded tip. Petals white, 8-12 mm long, with 5-7 veins, obovate, but clawlike at the base, with numerous long filiform-linear hairlike appendages. Fertile stamens 5, inserted on the calyx alternate with the petals; filaments stout, about equaling the calyx lobes; anthers 2-2.5 mm long. Sterile Illustration by Jeanne R. Janish, stamens opposite the petals, broadly scalelike, thickened, flaired above ©1961 University of Washington the middle, tipped with less than 10 marginal, long, slender, fingerlike Press segments ending in head-shaped, glandular knobs. Fruits: O void capsules, about 1 cm long. Identifiable June to A ugust. Identif ication Tips: P. fimbriata is distinguished from other Parnas s ia species by its petals, which have a distinctive hairlike to comblike marginal fringe at the base.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection of Pandora Moth (Coloradia Pandora Blake) Eggs from Consumption by Golden-Mantled Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Lateralis Say)
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Elizabeth Ann Gerson for the degree of Master of Science in Forest Science presented on 10 January, 1995. Title: Protection of Pandora Moth (Coloradia pandora Blake) Eggs From Consumption by Golden-mantled Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis Say) Abstract approved: Redacted for Privacy William C. McComb Endemic populations of pandora moths (Coloradia pandora Blake), a defoliator of western pine forests, proliferated to epidemic levels in central Oregon in 1986 and increased dramatically through 1994. Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis Say) consume adult pandora moths, but reject nutritionally valuable eggs from gravid females. Feeding trials with captive S. lateralis were conducted to identify the mode of egg protection. Chemical constituents of fertilized eggs were separated through a polarity gradient of solvent extractions. Consumption of the resulting hexane, dichloromethane, and water egg fractions, and the extracted egg tissue residue, was evaluated by randomized 2-choice feeding tests. Consumption of four physically distinct egg fractions (whole eggs, "whole" egg shells, ground egg shells, and egg contents) also was evaluated. These bioassays indicated that C. pandora eggs are not protected chemically, however, the egg shell does inhibit S. lateralis consumption. Egg protection is one mechanism that enables C. pandora to persist within the forest food web. Spermophilus lateralis, a common and often abundant rodent of central Oregon pine forests, is a natural enemy of C. pandora
    [Show full text]
  • Coptis Trifolia Conservation Assessment
    CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT for Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Originally issued as Management Recommendations December 1998 Marty Stein Reconfigured-January 2005 Tracy L. Fuentes USDA Forest Service Region 6 and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Oregon and Washington CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT FOR COPTIS TRIFOLIA Table of Contents Page List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 2 Summary........................................................................................................................................ 4 I. NATURAL HISTORY............................................................................................................. 6 A. Taxonomy and Nomenclature.......................................................................................... 6 B. Species Description ........................................................................................................... 6 1. Morphology ................................................................................................................... 6 2. Reproductive Biology.................................................................................................... 7 3. Ecological Roles ............................................................................................................. 7 C. Range and Sites
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix B Natural History and Control of Nonnative Invasive Species
    Appendix B: Natural History and Control of Nonnative Invasive Plants Found in Ten Northern Rocky Mountains National Parks Introduction The Invasive Plant Management Plan was written for the following ten parks (in this document, parks are referred to by the four letter acronyms in bold): the Bear Paw Battlefield-BEPA (MT, also known as Nez Perce National Historical Park); Big Hole National Battlefield-BIHO (MT); City of Rocks National Reserve-CIRO (ID); Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve-CRMO (ID); Fossil Butte National Monument-FOBU (WY); Golden Spike National Historic Site-GOSP (UT); Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site-GRKO (MT); Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument-HAFO (ID); Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument-LIBI (MT); and Minidoka National Historic Site-MIIN (ID). The following information is contained for each weed species covered in this document (1) Park presence: based on formal surveys or park representatives’ observations (2) Status: whether the plant is listed as noxious in ID, MT, UT, or WY (3) Identifying characteristics: key characteristics to aid identification, and where possible, unique features to help distinguish the weed from look-a-like species (4) Life cycle: annual, winter-annual, biennial, or perennial and season of flowering and fruit set (5) Spread: the most common method of spread and potential for long distance dispersal (6) Seeds per plant and seed longevity (when available) (7) Habitat (8) Control Options: recommendations on the effectiveness of a. Mechanical Control b. Cultural
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Koexistence a Rozdělení Niky U Pavouků Rodu Philodromus
    Masarykova univerzita Přírodovědecká fakulta Ústav botaniky a zoologie Koexistence a rozdělení niky u pavouků rodu Philodromus Diplomová práce Autor: Radek Michalko Brno 2012 Vedoucí DP: doc. Mgr. Stano Pekár Ph.D. 1 Souhlasím s uloţením této diplomové práce v knihovně Ústavu botaniky a zoologie PřF MU v Brně, případně v jiné knihovně MU, s jejím veřejným půjčováním a vyuţitím pro vědecké, vzdělávací nebo jiné veřejně prospěšné účely, a to za předpokladu, ţe převzaté informace budou řádně citovány a nebudou vyuţívány komerčně. V Brně 8.1.2012 ………………………………… Podpis 2 PODĚKOVÁNÍ Zejména bych chtěl poděkovat vedoucímu mé diplomové práce panu docentu Stanu Pekárovi, ţe mi umoţnil pracovat na tomto tématu, za trpělivé vedení a uţitečné rady. Dále bych chtěl velice poděkovat mým rodičům, bez jejichţ osobní a finanční podpory by tato práce nevznikla. Rovněţ bych chtěl poděkovat Lence Sentenské, Evě Líznarové, Pavlovi Šebkovi a Stanovi Korenkovi za podporu a cenné rady všeho druhu. 3 ABSTRAKT Koexistence a rozdělení niky pavouků rodu Philodromus V této diplomové práci byl zkoumán mechanismus umoţňující koexistenci mezi Philodromus albidus, P. aureolus a P. cespitum. Studie probíhala na území významného krajinného prvku U Kříţe v Brně Starém Lískovci. Studované území se skládá ze třech typů biotopů: listnatý les, křoviny a monokultura švestek. Pavouci byli získáváni pomocí sklepávání. U zkoumaných druhů byly porovnávány různé dimenze niky. Prostorová nika byla zkoumána na základě mikro- aţ makrobiotopových preferencí. Trofická nika byla zkoumána na základě velikosti a typu přirozené kořisti a pomocí laboratorních experimentů potravních preferencí. Časová nika byla zkoumána na základě fenologie jednotlivých druhů. Studované druhy se lišily v prostorové a trofické nice.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix C Plant and Animal Species Observed
    Appendix C Plant and Animal Species Observed This list includes vascular plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians observed in the BSA by biologists during various surveys in 2005 and 2006. This list does not include invertebrate species. Invertebrates that would be most commonly encountered on the site would include butterflies, flies, dragonflies, damselflies, beetles, earwigs, grasshoppers, crickets, termites, true bugs, mantids, lacewings, bees, wasps, ants, and spiders. PLANT SPECIES OBSERVED Scientific Name Common Name Invasive Plant Rating CLUB AND SPIKE MOSSES Selaginellaceae Spike moss family Selaginella cinerascens Mesa spikemoss TRUE FERNS Azollaceae Mosquito fern family Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquito fern Marsileaceae Marsilea family Marsilea vestita Hairy waterclover Pilularia americana American pillwort Pteridaceae Lip fern family Pellaea andromedifolia Coffee fern Pentagramma triangularis Goldenback fern PINOPHYTA GYMNOSPERMS Cupressaceace Cypress family Juniperus californica California juniper DICOT FLOWERING PLANTS Aizoaceae Carpet weed family Carpobrotus edulis* Hottentot-fig HIGH Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum* Slender-leaved ice plant Trianthema portulacastrum Horse-purslane Amaranthaceae Amaranth family Amaranthus albus* Tumbling pigweed Amaranthus palmeri Palmer’s pigweed Amaranthus sp. Pigweed Anacardiaceae Sumac family Malosma laurina Laurel sumac Rhus ovata Sugar bush Rhus trilobata Skunkbush sumac Schinus molle* Peruvian pepper tree LIMITED Schinus terebinthifolius* Brazilian pepper tree LIMITED Mid
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR—2010/347 ON THE COVER Mount Rainier and meadow courtesy of 2007 Mount Rainier National Park Vegetation Crew Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR—2010/347 Regina M. Rochefort North Cascades National Park Service Complex 810 State Route 20 Sedro-Woolley, Washington 98284 June 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data.
    [Show full text]
  • NEWSLETTER• of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
    NEWSLETTER• of the MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY Volume 38, Numbers 4 December, 1993 Impacts ofBt on Non-Target Lepidoptera John W. Peacock, David L. Wagner, and Dale F. Schweitzer USDA Forest Service, Hamden, CT; University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT; and The Nature Conservancy, Port Norris, NT, respectively Introduction gypsy moth in Oregon. Sample et a1. ing attempts bycertain birds. In another (1 993) have likewise reported a signifi­ study, Bellocq et al. (1992) showed that Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. cant reduction inspecies abundance and the use of Btk increased immigration kurstaki (Btk) is one of the pesticides richness in non-target Lepidoptera in rates andcaused d ietary shifts inshrews. most commonly employed against lepi­ field studies in eastern West Virginia. We report here a summary of our dopteran forest pests. In the eastern U.S., James et al. (1993) haveshown thatBtk is studies aimed at determining the effect where millionsofhectares of deciduous toxic to late, but not early, instar larvae of Btko n non-target Lepidoptera inboth forest have been defoliated by the ''Eu­ of the beneficial cinnabar moth, Tyria laboratoryand field studies. Laboratory ropean" gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar jacobaeae (L.). bioassays were conducted on larvae in (L.), Btk has been used extenSively to In addition to its direct effects on seven families of native eastern U.S. slow the spread of this pest and to re­ native Lepidoptera, Btk can indirectly Macrolepidoptera. Field studies were duce defoliation. In 1992 alone, over affect other animals that rely on lepi­ carried out in Rockbridge County, Vir­ 300,000 ha were treated with Btk, in­ dopterous larvae as a primary source of ginia, and were the first to evaluate non­ cluding gypsy moth suppression activi­ food.
    [Show full text]
  • Poisonous Weeds and Toxic Factors in Hay Crops
    Poisonous Weeds And Toxic Factors In Hay Crops: Why You Should Worry Birgit Puschner Veterinary Toxicologist [email protected] School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis Overview of Today’s Talk • When to suspect a poisoning • Toxic plants: • Nitrate accumulators • Pyrrolizidine alkaloids • Oleander • Grasses that cause mechanical irritation Factors Contributing to Poisoning • Animal • Plant • Sensitive species • Palatable? • Adaptation to tolerate • Right time of the year? toxic plants is possible à concentrations of • What other feed is toxins vary with season available? • Does the plant remain • Unable to avoid toxic toxic when dried? plant (i.e. in hay cubes) Resources • Textbooks: • A Guide to Plant Poisoning of Animals in North America: by A.P. Knight and R.G. Walter, 1st edition, 2001. Teton NewMedia. www.tetonnm.com • UCANR publication: http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8398.pdf Detailed publication on Livestock-poisoning Plants of California (link on CERE under Lab resources) • Websites (with images and location) • https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west- area/logan-ut/poisonous-plant- research/docs/poisonous-plants-by-toxic- syndrome/ • http://plants.usda.gov/about_plants.html Nitrate/Nitrite Accumulators • Sorghum spp (Sudan grass, Johnson grass) • Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) • Lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album) • Alfalfa, oat, corn, nightshades (Solanum) Chenopodium album Pigweed Johnson grass Sudan grass Orchard Grass Hay 5,900 ppm Nitrate Pigweed Sudan Hay 18,800 ppm Nitrate Amaranthus retroflexus Nitrate/Nitrite – Mechanism • Only ruminants and pseudoruminants are susceptible • Nitrate in plants à converted to toxic nitrite • Nitrite à methemoglobin • Methemoglobin: incapable of Oxygen transport à Anoxia NO3/NO2 – Clinical signs • Acute syndrome: – Onset within 1/2 - 4 hours after feeding – GI irritation, difficulty breathing, tremors, ataxia – Rapid, weak heart beat – Convulsions, death in 6 - 24 hours – Abortions, esp.
    [Show full text]
  • BSBI News Index 121-130 ABC 8Pt FINAL
    BSBI News INDEX to Nos 121 – 130 September 2012 to September 2015 Compiled by GWYNN ELLIS ISSN 2397-8813 1 GUIDE TO THE INDEX ABBREVIATIONS AEM Annual Exhibition Meeting Illus. Illustration AGM Annual General Meeting Infl. Inflorescence ASM Annual Summer Meeting Lvs Leaves cf. confer (compare) photo © photo copyright holder congrats congratulations Rev. Review CS Colour Section Rpt Report del. delineavit (drawn) s.l. sensu lato (broad sense) Descr. Description s.s. sensu stricto (narrow sense) Diag. Diagram v.c. vice-county Exbn Exhibition v.cc. vice-counties Exbt Exhibit (♀) female parent Fld Mtg Rpt Field Meeting Report (♂) male parent Fls Flowers ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The compiler wishes to thank David Pearman for much helpful advice and for scrutinising the final text. However, responsibility for checking the index and its final form rests solely with the compiler. BOOKS et al. are italicised as are Periodicals and scientific names COLOUR PAGES: In the index all colour page numbers are distinguished by being underlined with the cover pages enclosed in square brackets [ ]. The front cover and inside front cover are numbered [i] and [ii] respectively while the inside back and back cover pages are numbered according to the number of pages, thus with an issue of 76 pages the inside back cover is [77] and the back cover [78]. Colour Section plates are numbered CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4. Photographers are now indexed by name with the qualification (photo ©) COMPILATION: Using the original text on computer, the entries for each issue were generated by deleting all unwanted text. After checking, the entries were then sorted into alphabetical order, condensed, and finally output as pdf files for the Printer.
    [Show full text]