Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Volume 117 Number 1-4 Article 5

2010

The Vascular Flora of Boone County, Iowa (2005-2008)

Jimmie D. Thompson

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Recommended Citation Thompson, Jimmie D. (2010) "The Vascular Flora of Boone County, Iowa (2005-2008)," Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS, 117(1-4), 9-46. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jias/vol117/iss1/5

This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jour. Iowa Acad. Sci. 117(1-4):9-46, 2010

The Vascular Flora of Boone County, Iowa (2005-2008)

JIMMIE D. THOMPSON

19516 515'h Ave. Ames, Iowa 50014-9302

A vascular survey of Boone County, Iowa was conducted from 2005 to 2008 during which 1016 taxa (of which 761, or 75%, are native to central Iowa) were encountered (vouchered and/or observed). A search of literature and the vouchers of Iowa State University's Ada Hayden Herbarium (ISC) revealed 82 additional taxa (of which 57, or 70%, are native to Iowa), unvouchered or unobserved during the current study, as having occurred in the county. This total of 1098 taxa (979 , 57 varieties, 39 subspecies, 23 hybrids) places Boone County first in richness among 18 published county inventories conducted in Iowa.

A checklist of Boone County vascular including scientific names, common names, and habitat data for all 1098 taxa is presented, and abundance data is presented for taxa encountered during the current survey. This study reports 56 taxa that are not included in the Checklist of the Iowa Vascular Flora (Eilers and Roosa 1994) including an unnamed species of Oenanthe L. (water parsley) that may represent a new species. Twenty-two taxa currently or historically known from Boone County are considered to be endangered, threatened, or of special concern in the state of Iowa (Iowa Administrative Code 2002). Of the 82 historic taxa not found ("missing") in the current survey, the proportions associated to tree-dominated habitats (35%), prairie habitats (30%), wetlands (12%), and open habitats (23%) are different (p<.01) than these same proportions in the vouchered and/or observed flora (tree-dominated habitats: 53%, prairie: 15%, wetlands: 8.5%, open habitats: 23%). Sites containing uncommon and/or rare plant taxa are mapped and listed.

The results of this survey provide a more thorough evaluation of the habitat and abundance of the flora in Boone County and in Iowa. Furthermore, the extensive field work conducted during this study reveals the need for appropriate natural resource management (invasive plant control, removal of woody plants encroaching on prairie remnants, etc.) on select public areas in the county. Finally, this study reveals the need for a computer database of specimens in Iowa's herbaria and an online, regularly updated checklist of Iowa vascular plants utilizing current nomenclature.

INDEX DESCRIPTORS: Floristics, plant inventory, Ledges State Park, Oenanthe, new taxa, threatened species, missing species, invasive species.

The flora of Boone County has received considerable attention Boone County through field work and a search of the Ada from professional and amateur botanists and geologists since the Hayden Herbarium (ISC) at Iowa State University. late nineteenth century. A focal point of botanical research in the county has been Ledges State Park, a conservation site established THE STUDY AREA as a state park in 1924 and containing diverse topographic and edaphic environments including Pennsylvanian sandstone ledges Boone County, Iowa is located in the central part of the state that provide habitat for many rare plant species (Diehl 1915; (Fig. 1). The latitude and longitude coordinates range from 41 to Pammel 1895, 1903, 1905, 1924; Pammel et al. 1928;Johnson­ 42° N and 93 to 94° W respectively. The land area is Groh 1985; Johnson-Groh and Farrar 1985). A recent study approximately 148,454 ha (366,825 ac). The highest elevation documented 779 taxa in Ledges State Park (Thompson et al. in Boone County is just over 381m (1250 ft) above sea level and 2009). In addition to Ledges State Park, there are railroad rights­ is located in Dodge Township (T85N R26W sec 8) in the north­ of-way, native prairie remnants, woodlands, savannas, lower central area of the county. The lowest elevation is about 254.5 m hillside seeps, artificial lakes and ponds, abandoned gravel pits, (835 ft) where the Des Moines River forms the boundary between riparian mud and sand bars, and other habitats throughout Boone Cass and Douglas Townships and exits in south-central Boone County with high plant diversity and/or unique plant species. County (pers. comm. Calvin Wolter, Iowa Geological Survey Recent documentation of more than 1000 vascular plant raxa in Bureau, Department of Natural Resources, Iowa City, Iowa). nearby Hamilton Co. (Thompson 2007) and the municipality of Iowa's climate is mid-continental, with marked seasonal Ames in Story Co. (Norris et al. 2001) suggested that Boone variation. Boone County's 30 years (1971-2000) average daily County might also possess high vascular plant diversity. maximum temperature is 15° C (59° F) and the average daily The objective of this study was to document the occurrence, minimum temperature is 2° C (35.6° F). The hottest month on abundance, and habitat preferences of vascular plant taxa in average is July at 22.9° C (73.3° F), while the coldest is January 10 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

WEBSTER CO KAJIILTON CO

Fig. 1. Location of Boone County, Iowa and the boundary of the Des Moines Lobe, showing the extent of the last glacial advance and the prairie pothole region in Iowa. at -8.3° C (17° F). The average annual precipitation for Boone County is 92.6 cm (36.5 in). The wettest month on average is June with 13.6 cm (5.4 in), while the driest is February at 2.8 cm (1.1 in) of precipitation annually (Younk et al. 2008). Past vegetation in Boone County is documented in surveys conducted by the Government Land Office (GLO) in the first half Fig. 2. Map of the Boone County, Iowa survey area and sites of the 19'h century (Anderson 1996). Likewise, recent (2002) containing significant plant communities in Boone County. The vegetation cover in this county (lakes and wetlands, forest, sites are described in Appendix B. prairie) has been characterized from classified Landsat satellite imagery. Summaries of vegetation coverage from the above sources and presented below were prepared by Robin McNeely, Okoboji (2.5%), Harps (3.5%), and Palms muck (0.1%), Palms GIS Analyst, GIS Faculty, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. muck ponded (0.1%), and Blue Earth muck (0.2%) (USDA SCS, 1981). Together these account for 6.4% of the soils in the county, Ledges State Park which approximates the percentage of wetlands originally present in the county (personal communication, Thomas Rosburg). In The botanical crown jewel of Boone County is Ledges State 2002 wetlands comprised less than 0.25% of the county's surface Park (Fig. 2) which occupies 482 ha (1190 ac) and occurs on the area. Nonetheless, current wetlands in the county provide east side of the Des Moines River in Worth Township. important habitat for many aquatic and wetland plants. Several Approximately 90% of the park is mature forest and most of the remainder consists of prairie plantings or treeless, often naturally occurring shallow ponds and marshes were created in flooded Des Moines River floodplain. The predominant feature of the wake of retreating glaciers when loads of sand, gravel, and the park is a deep Pennsylvanian-age sandstone canyon cut by rocks were deposited ro form the hilly moraine terrain across the Pea's Creek and its tributaries (Johnson-Groh 1985; Johnson­ northern tier of the county. The highest elevated land in the Groh and Farrar 1985; Bettis 1988). The steep cliffs that flank county is located here. Rapid drainage off of morainal ridges inro the main canyon and overall dissected topography of Ledges low-lying areas facilitated wetland creation. The most diverse, provide protected habitats for numerous vascular plant and high quality natural wetlands in this region are in Dodge bryophyte species more typical of northern and eastern floras Township (T85N R26W secs 1 and 2). (Johnson-Groh and Farrar 1985). Although no natural lakes exist in Boone County, numerous artificial lakes exist (Fig. 2). Don Williams Lake, the largest of Lakes and Wetlands these artificial lakes, was formed by the damming of Bluff Creek. It has a surface area of 65 ha (160 ac) and is located in Don GLO surveys indicate that about 0.74% of the Boone County Williams Park (242 ha, 598 ac) (Appendix B) in Pilot Mound land surface was covered by lakes, marshes, ponds or pools in the Township (T85N R27W sec 32) and Yell Township (T84N early 1830s. However, this is probably not an accurate estimate of R27W sec 5 ). The waters of Don Williams Lake and the outflow historic wetland cover in this county because GLO surveys were below the man-made dam of Bluff Creek are rich in aquatic conducted by surveying and following section lines; hence, the species (Appendix B, #2). Significant aquatic plant species also ability of the surveyors ro see and document wetlands in the were vouchered from the two spring-seeps areas occurring on interior of sections was virtually impossible (personal communi­ lower hillsides adjacent to the lake (Appendix B). Two small cation, Thomas Rosburg, Department of Biology, Drake Boone County Conservation managed ponds with sparse aquatic University). A much better estimate of the natural wetland and wetland vegetation are Mabaska Lake in Colfax Township acreage in Boone County can be drived from soil surveys. At least (T83N R25W sec 11) and Dickcissel Pond in Des Moines five soil types in Boone County are indicative of wetlands - Township (T84N R26W sec 36). BOONE COUNTY FLORA 11

Former gravel mining operations in Boone County are the sites valley sides. This type is at the western limits of oak-hickory of several artificial ponds. One of these, Jay Carlson Wildlife Area types (Faber-Langendoen 2001). The most abundant tree species in the southeastern corner of Yell Township (T84N R27W sec in the latter forest community are Tilia americana, Quercus rubra, 36), is now an IDNR public area. This former private gravel and Ostrya virginiana. Other canopy associates include Carya mining operation with four small ponds and surrounding cordiformis, Ce/tis occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Jug/am wetlands, and another small unnamed IDNR public area nigra. This community is found on valley slopes and bottoms (Fig. 2, Appendix B) in Cass Township (T82N R26W sec 22), (Faber-Langendoen 2001). are both rich in aquatic and wetland plant species. Another Forests in Ledges State Park have been studied extensively by unnamed, large, IDNR public area pond in Cass Township Johnson-Groh (1985). Based on analysis of survey data collected (T82N R26W sec 27) was also a former gravel mining operation. from 54 permanent vegetation plots (20 m X 50 m) in the early Sparse aquatic plant vegetation occurs in and around the margins 1980s, Johnson-Groh described seven major forest types. In of this pond. upland habitats, these include 1) Quercus alba, 2) Quercus alba­ In recent years the IDNR has created several hundred hectares Quercus rubra, 3) Quercus rubra, 4) Quercus rubra-Tilia americana, 5) of ponds, wetlands, and adjacent prairie plantings in a complex Tilia americana, and 6) slump forest type (Johnson-Groh 1985). called Harrier Marsh in Marcy Township (T83N R27W secs 5 Slump forest consists of areas where major blocks of soil have slid and 8). Several native aquatic and wetland plant species have or "slumped" down the slopes. Normally on this type one would emerged naturally to supplement the species planted around the expect to find Quercus alba L. or Quercus rubra L., but slumping shallow ponds of this public area. Many privately-owned ponds seems to have altered the vegetation. There are no well-defined and wetlands have been and continue to be established dominant species in this type. Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. has throughout the county. its greatest abundance in the slump forest type, followed by, Quercus alba, Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch, and Quercus rubra. The Rivers and Creeks three species of oak occur consistently in this type, along with the Carya ovata which reaches its highest abundance of any type. This The rivers and creeks in Boone County provide floodplain type also has relatively high amounts of jug/ans nigra L. and habitat for many riparian plant species. Among these, the Des Fraxinus nigra Marsh., which otherwise are mostly limited to Moines River (Fig. 2) is a river of superlatives. It is the longest bottomlands and north slopes. Johnson-Groh (1985) also river with the widest basin and largest watershed in Iowa, and has described the 7) Jug/ans nigra forest type as occurring along more and larger tributaries than any other Iowa river (Peterson major drainages in the park. These seven forest types encompass 1941). The Des Moines River enters Boone County in the NW the majority of forest vegetation throughout Boone County. Two and exits in the SE (Fig. 2). Studies of the central Des Moines additional forest types observed in this study include 8) Acer Valley (DMV) indicate that it was not in existence in its current saccharinum-Populus deltoides-Salix forest type along major stream location before about 13,000 B.P. (Bettis and Hoyer 1986; Bettis floodplains and a second-growth forest type 9), Ulmus-Gleditsia et al. 1985). Prior to that time the portion of the DMV present in triacanthos- type, occurring throughout the Boone County trended northwest to southeast in a large, now county on land recently released from row crop planting or partially buried valley occupied in part by Beaver Creek (Fig. 2) livestock grazing. (Bain 1897; Lees 1916; Bettis and Hoyer 1986). The Des Moines River and its major tributaries including Beaver Creek, Squaw Prairies Creek, Bluff Creek, and Big Creek, all have adjacent floodplains that provide habitat for riparian plant species. Numerous springs­ Before the time of European settlement in the early 19th seeps (Fig. 2, Appendix B) rich in native aquatic and wetland century, 83% of Boone County was covered by prairie vegetation. species occur along the Des Moines River and its tributaries at By 2002 the majority, 78% of the county, had been converted to the base of hills and on hillsides. agricultural use. By far the largest and most diverse native prairies remaining in the county are along the operational Forests railroad rights-of way through the center of the county, and the two abandoned railroad rights-of-way in southeast and southwest Boone County has small but significant amounts of forest Boone County (Fig. 2; Appendix B). vegetation occurring along its streams and rivers. Approximately Don Williams Park (Fig. 2; Appendix B) possesses some of the 16% of the county consisted of tree-dominated habitat in the highest quality prairies in Boone County. However, several early 19th century. This was reduced to 8% by 2002. There is hilltop and hillside prairie remnants around the perimeter of the extensive forest vegetation along the entire length of the Des lake in this park are imperiled by invasive shrubs such as Moines River and its tributaries. Although Beaver Creek, Bluff Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (Autumn olive), Lonicera spp. (bush Creek, and Squaw Creek have very little forest vegetation along honeysuckles), and Rhamnus cathartica L. (common buckthorn). their upper regions, adjacent forest cover increases along their Two sand and gravel glacial moraine hills with native prairie lower regions. remnants are rich in native vascular plant species. One is on Boone County forests belong to the Central Hardwood Forest private property in section 6 of Harrison Township (Fig. 2; Region (Braun 1964). In a more recent classification, Boone Appendix B) that was once a well grazed pasture. With no County forests belong to an overlapping combination of grazing for several years, it is currently reverting into a good Midwestern Dry and Dry-Mesic Oak Forests and Midwestern quality native prairie. The other, Pilot Mound State Forest Mesic Hardwood Forests (Faber-Langendoen 2001). The former Preserve in sections 20 and 21 of Pilot Mound Township (Fig. 2; community has a tall tree canopy with little or no subcanopy. Appendix B), is a unique sand and gravel glacial deposit of 14 ha The shrub and herbaceous strata are well-developed. The most (34 ac) elevated high above the surrounding terrain. This solitary abundant tree species are Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, Carya ovata, mound is a kame feature that is associated with a glacial end Carya cordiformis, and Tilia americana. This community occurs on moraine. Karnes form as holes on a stagnating ice sheet and begin gentle to moderately steep slopes and flat uplands and on steep to fill with water and sediment. As the ice melts a conical mound 12 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

of poorly-sorted sediment remains at the land surface (Prior Thompson observed but did not collect a specimen of a given 1991). taxon in Boone County outside of Ledges State Park. Included in Little Bluestem Prairie (Fig. 2; Appendix B) in Cass Township the checklist are taxa not native to the (*), taxa (sec 22) was once a heavily grazed pasture. With tree and shrub native to the United States but not Iowa(#), taxa native to Iowa removal, and with scheduled burns, this IDNR public area sand but probably not central Iowa(-) (determined by lack of historic and gravel hilltop is being restored to a good quality native documentation from central Iowa), and taxa native to central prairie. Iowa (no symbol). Outdated taxa nomenclature from The Vascular Several very small openings, typically surrounded by large oak Plants of Iowa (Eilers and Roosa 1994) is indicated by enclosure in trees, were found on ridgelines and slopes throughout the county. brackets [ ]. Some of these openings (Fig. 2; Appendix B), contain good In the checklist, information is provided about the habitat quality prairie remnants with the integration of prairie and forest preferences of each plant in the Boone County flora. The species that are categorized as savannas. A small number of these following habitat codes (adapted from Norris et al. 2001); tree small native prairie remnants occur in Ledges State Park dominated (T), prairie (P), wetland and aquatic (W), and open underneath open canopies on south or west-facing hilltop edges, (0) were used; the latter category represents sites primarily hillsides, and ridgelines (Johnson-Groh 1985 ). associated with human disturbance. Within each of these main Hundreds of hectares in Boone County have been and continue categories, there are several subcategories as described in Table 1. to be reconstructed to prairie, both by government agencies and Abundance designations (slightly modified from Eilers and the private sector. The Iowa Department of Transportation Roosa 1994, Norris et al. 2001) were assigned to plants observed (IDOT) has undertaken a statewide system of planting native during field work as follows: flora along state highways including Boone County. The Boone Common: widely distributed and often found growing in County Conservation Department and the IDNR are actively large quantities in several different habitats. planting native prairie species on county and state owned lands, respectively. In Ledges State Park a large planting near the east Frequent: widespread but not abundant and usually found in entrance to the park, planted in 1949 (Johnson-Groh 1985) and/ only one type of habitat. or 1950 (Landers et al. 1970), may represent the first large prairie Infrequent: not widespread and often not found in places planting in Iowa (Daryl Smith pers. comm., Department of where it might be expected to occur. Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa). In the Sparse: found in only one or a few places. past 25 years, six additional prairie plantings have been established in the park (Thompson et al. 2009). Nomenclature (scientific and common) for plant taxa follows Flora of Committee (1993+) from volumes METHODS available at the time of this study, the United States Department of Agriculture Plants Database (USDA Plants: USDA, NRCS Extensive field work was conducted during the field seasons 2007), and Widrlechner (1998, Rubus). Family circumscriptions (April-November) of 2005 through 2007, with occasional field and organization of plants into larger groups follow Judd et al. work in 2008. During this inventory, repeated visits were made 2008. Gleason and Cronquist (1991) was the primary reference to forests, native prairie remnants, prairie plantings, lakes and used for identification. ponds, streams, mud and sandbars, as well as sites impacted by Patterns of biogeographic origin, taxonomic (i.e., family, human disturbance. These latter areas included park camp­ ) composition, habitat preference and abundance in the grounds, construction sites, railroad and road rights-of-way, old Boone County flora are presented. Characteristics of taxa fields, crop fields, sidewalks, residential lawns, and waste documented historically from Boone County but not encountered treatment areas. during the current study (i.e., the potentially "missing" flora) A checklist was compiled of all vascular plant taxa (species, were compared to characteristics of the entire flora documented to subspecies, varieties, hybrids) encountered during the current occur in Boone County prior to this study (i.e., the "historic" inventory and during occasional collecting prior to 2005, taxa flora) using chi-square goodness of fit tests (Sokal and Rohlf reported from Ledges State Park by Diehl (1915) in literature and 1987). Finally, anecdotal observations of abundance and/or supported by subsequent voucher specimens, taxa vouchered from habitat preference for vascular plant taxa of interest and Ledges by Johnson-Groh and Farrar (198 5 ), taxa observed in conservation concern to botanists and natural resource managers Ledges but not vouchered by Johnson-Groh and Farrar (1985), in Iowa are presented. These include taxa new to the Iowa and historic taxa previously collected by others in Ledges State Checklist of Vascular Plants (Eilers and Roosa 1994), species Park and elsewhere in Boone County that are documented by listed as endangered, threatened, or of special concern in Iowa voucher specimens deposited in the Ada Hayden Herbarium (Iowa Administrative Code 2002), taxa observed to be sparse in (ISC) at Iowa State University. In the checklist, the source of Boone County, and conspicuous introduced taxa in Boone documentation for each reported taxa is specified with a two County. letter code. The first letter of the code indicates the botanist as follows: "D" = Diehl, "]" = Johnson-Groh and Farrar, "T" = RESULTS Thompson, and "O" = other botanists. The second letter of the code indicates whether the report is from Ledges State Park ("L") Flora Analysis or from outside this park in Boone County ("B"). A code !!2£ enclosed in parentheses indicates the report is associated with a In the current study (2005-2008) and during occasional prior voucher specimen deposited in ISC; a code enclosed in field work, 1016 plant taxa (761 (75%) native to central Iowa) parentheses indicates the report is based on field observation were encountered in Boone County. An additional 82 plant taxa unsupported by a voucher specimen. For example, "JL" indicates (57 (70%) native to central Iowa) from Boone County are that Johnson-Groh and Farrar collected a voucher specimen of a documented (ISC) from inventory work conducted prior to the given taxon in Ledges State Park; "(TB)" indicates that current study, but were not found during the current inventory. BOONE COUNTY FLORA 13

Table 1. Codes used to describe preferred habitats of Compositional analysis of the Boone County flora reveals that vascular plants in Boone County, Iowa. 78% (790) of this county's taxa are native to the United States. The most diverse plant families in Boone County are 1) T (tree dominated habitats) (140 taxa), Poaceae (138), and Cyperaceae (88); the most diverse df dry forest-typically on ridgetops and on south and genera represented in this county are Carex (63 taxa), west-facing slopes Symphyotrichum (17), and Elymus (12) (Table 4). mf moist forest-typically on north and east-facing The plants of Boone County occur in a variety of habitat types slopes (Table 5). Slightly more than half (618, 56% of the total flora) of wf wet forest-typically in bottomlands all taxa encountered during this study occurred in a single wd woodland-tree dominated habitats with habitat, with 250 taxa being restricted to vegetation dominated incomplete canopy closure by trees, 78 taxa found only in prairies, 92 taxa occurring only in ed edge wetlands, and 198 taxa limited to open habitats. When no 2) P (prairie habitats) distinction is made between habitat specialists and generalists, tree-dominated habitats support the most taxa at 530, followed dr dty prairie by open habitats at 455, prairie at 310, and wetlands at 282 ms moist prairie (Table 5). wt wet prairie-includes 'wet meadow' vegetation from Table 6 lists the number and percent of taxa in the Boone some wetland classification systems County flora that were determined to be common (441 taxa, 3) W (wetland habitats) 44%), frequent (95, 9%), infrequent (119, 12%), or sparse (354, ez emergent zone-typically dominated by bulrush, 35%). bur-reed and several deep to shallow water sedge Fifty-six taxa (43 species, 10 hybrids, 2 subspecies, 1 variety) species from the current survey (2005-2008) are not included in the sz submergent zone-typically dominated by checklist of Iowa vascular plants (Eilers and Roosa 1994) pondweeds and duckweeds (Table 7); over half (30, 55%) of these are not native to the rp riparian-includes grassy stream edges and sandbars United States. However, reports of 45 of the 56 unpublished taxa md mudflat-shallow ponds lacking water much of year have surfaced (Lammers 1983; Johnson-Groh and Farrar 1985; sp seeps-springs Norris et al. 2001; Thompson 2007; Thompson et al. 2009). 4) 0 (open habitats-primarily associated with human Thus, 11 (10 species, 1 subspecies) of the above 56 vascular plant disturbance) taxa not included in the Iowa checklist of vascular plants are reported here for the first time. Six of these are native to the ur urban-sidewalks, lawns, etc. United States. Of the 1098 vascular plant taxa in the Boone er cropfields, gardens, flowerbeds County checklist, 22 are currently listed as endangered, rw rights-of-way-including road ditches, railroad threatened, or of special concern by the Iowa Natural Resource embankments, and powerlines Commission (Iowa Administrative Code 2002) (Table 8). re rocky habitats-including railroad ballast, gravel Significant plant communities in Boone County are described pits, and sand (legal location, general habitat, size of these sites, and partial list of old field, hayfield of significant species) in Appendix B. The location of each of ps pasture, former pasture these significant plant communities is shown in Fig. 2. Thus, the total number of vascular plant taxa (979 species, 57 varieties, 39 subspecies, 23 hybrids) known to occur or to have Boone County Taxa of Special Interest to Iowa Botanists occurred in Boone County is 1098 (818 (74%) native to central and Natural Resource Managers Iowa). This total of 1098 vascular plant taxa (Appendix A) in Boone County is included with other county inventories and the Taxa not listed in the Iowa checklist of vascular plants Ames jurisdiction inventoty (Table 2). (Eilers and Roosa 1994) The occurrences of nearly all taxa listed in Appendix A as occurring in Boone County are verified with at least one During this study, the occurrences of 56 vascular plant taxa herbarium voucher specimen deposited in the Ada Hayden not listed in the Iowa checklist of vascular plants (Eilers and Herbarium (ISC). One exception, Cystopteris tennesseensis Shaver Roosa 1994) (Table 7) were documented. Forty-five of these have ( bladder fern), was observed in Ledges State Park previously been reported in floristic studies of Des Moines historically (OL) and during the current study (TL), but not County (Lammers 1983), Ledges State Park (Johnson-Groh and vouchered because of its rarity. Five other exceptions were taxa Farrar 1985), the municipality of Ames (Story and Boone reported by Johnson-Groh and Farrar, but not vouchered (JL) Counties) (Norris et al. 2001), Hamilton County (Thompson (Johnson-Groh and Farrar 1985)--Cypripedium parviflorum Salis­ 2007), and Ledges State Park (Thompson et al. 2009) in Iowa. bury var. pubescens (Willd.) 0. W. Knight (yellow lady's-slipper Thirteen of these 45 were reported as occurring or to have orchid), trifidum L. (threepetal bedstraw), Osmunda occurred in Ledges State Park in Boone County (as reported in claytoniana L. (interrupted fern), *Salix X sepulcralis Simonkai Thompson et al. 2009). Eleven taxa are reported from Iowa for (weeping willow), and Trillium cernuum L. (nodding trillium). the first time. Diehl (1915) reported 3 72 taxa from the Ledges area. Six of the 11 previously unreported vascular plant taxa from However, only one of Diehl's vouchers was found in ISC. Iowa are native to the United States. They include Carex austrina Furthermore, no vouchers by any collector exist for 14 of these (Small) Mack. (southern sedge), which occurred in a population 372 taxa from the Ledges or elsewhere from Boone County. These occupying about 9 m 2 in a long abandoned gravel pit in Douglas 14 undocumented taxa (Table 3) are not included in the total Township. Carex praticola Rydb. (meadow sedge) was discovered flora of Boone County. in Don Williams Park (Fig. 2; Appendix B) in two populations 14 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

Table 2. Number of taxa in published floras of Iowa counties and the city of Ames (municipal zoning jurisdiction within 3.2 km (2 mi) extension of Ames city limits in 2001).

Location (Co. unless specified) Author & Year Total taxa Based on*

Ames (Zoning jurisdiction) Norris et al. 2001 1120 Field, herb. (ISC), lit Boone Current study 1098 Field, herb. (ISC), lit. Allamakee Peck et al. 1980 1040 Field, herb., lit. (Hartley 1966) Emmet Wolden 1956 1013 Field, lit. Hamilton Thompson 2007 1001 Mainly field, some herb., & lit Johnson Thorne 1955 966 Field, herb., lit. as verified Lee Peck et al. 1981 876 Field, herb., lit. as verified Des Moines Lammers 1983 809 Field, herb. Dickinson Grant 1950, 1953 800 Lit., herb. (ILH), some field Cedar Fay 1951, Fay and Thorne 195 3 775 Mainly field, some herb. Guthrie Roosa et al. 1991 748 Field, herb., lit. Page Wilson 1992 746 Mainly field Poweshiek Russell 1956 699 Mainly herb. (GRI) Iowa Easterly 1951 679 Mainly field, some herb., lit Washington Wagenknecht 1954 677 Mainly field Lyon Peck et al. 1984 561 Field, herb., lit. as verified Fremont Peck et al. 1978 550 Field, lit., some herb. Sioux Peck et al. 1984 506 Field, herb., lit. as verified Cherokee Carter 1962 401 Field

*source of information used to compile checklist as stated or implied in paper. Field = Field work; herb. = herbarium voucher specimens (with herbarium acronym if primarily from one herbarium; lit. = literature sources; as verified = only including records from literature if verified by voucher specimens. Herbarium acronyms cited: ISC = Ada Hayden Herbarium, Iowa State University; ILH = Iowa Lakeside Laboratory Herbarium; GRI = Grinnell College Herbarium.

(several hundred m 2) growing in an upland grassland of mostly United States, Hylotelephium telephioides (Michx.) H. Ohba non-native grasses with interspersed native grasses and forbs. (Allegheny stonecrop), was found spreading naturally in two This western United States species may have been introduced cemeteries, Oakwood Cemetery (Marcy Township: T83N R27W with the planting of a western seed mix (Anton Reznicek pers. sec 12) and Quincy Cemetery (Marcy Township sec 14). From comm., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Quincy Cemetery the population of this plant was spreading University of ). Two collections of a recently described across the fence into the adjacent woods of section 13. A small subspecies of flatsedge, Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp. population of Solanum triflorum Nutt. (cutleaf nightshade) was macilentus (Fernald) Marcks (Great Plains flatsedge), were vouchered from the rail ballast of the abandoned railroad right­ vouchered from a sandy hillside savanna (Fig. 2; Appendix B, of-way in southern Boone County (Fig. 2; Appendix B). Several #4) and the sandy kame hilltop of Pilot Mound State Forest plants of the sixth previously unreported native taxon, Yucca Preserve (Fig. 2; Appendix B). Another new taxon native to the filamentosa L. (Adam's needle), were possibly planted on the sandy soil of the Pilot Mound State Forest Preserve kame (Fig. 2; Appendix B). This population (-100 m 2) has been spreading for Table 3. Unvouchered plant species reported from the many years from seed propagation as evidenced by the varying Ledges State Park area (Diehl 1915). Not included in the sizes of plants in this population. total flora of Boone County. Non-native to the United The remaining five species previously unreported in Iowa are States (*). non-native to the United States. Two of these were found in cemeteries, including Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Eurasian smoketree), a Agrimonia striata Michx. (roadside agrimony) blooming fenceline tree with multiple seedlings growing under its Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poirer (smooth rockcress) canopy. It is evident from all of this tree's seedlings that this non­ discoidea (T. & G.) Britton (small beggarticks) native species could become another invasive. A population (12 m2) Carex assiniboinensis W. Boott (assiniboia sedge) of Zoysia japonica Steud. (Korean lawngrass) was encountered in the Cypripedium candidum Muhl. (white lady's-slipper orchid) mowed grass of another cemetery. The weed species Chenopodium *Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. (buckwheat) bonus-henricus L. (good King Henry) was found growing in fill-dirt Lechea villosa Ell. (hairy pinweed) in the Industrial Park area of the city of Boone. The last two non­ *Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) native species reported here for the first time in Iowa are French rose *Pinus nigra Arnold (Austrian pine) Ranunculus rhomboideus Goldie (Labrador buttercup) (Rosa gallica 1.) and rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.). French rose Rubus flagellaris L. (northern dewberry) was spreading near the entrance to a long abandoned gravel pit, and Sanicula marilandica L. ( sanicle) several bushes of rugosa rose were growing along a fenceline Vitus vulpina L. (forest grape) between a road right-of-way and a cultivated farm field. Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. (meadow zizia) Even though the occurrence of the following species in Iowa has been recently reported (Thompson et al. 2009), its special BOONE COUNTY FLORA 15

Table 4. Floristic composition of the Boone County flora.

A. Species, genera, and families represented in the Boone County flora. Number in parentheses represents number of hybrids for a given total. The "Dicots" group represent the ANITA grade, magnoliids, , and Ceratophyllaceae. Major Groups Species Genera Families

Ferns and Fern Allies 24 (2) 13 8 Conifers 7 4 2 Monocots 309 (2) 110 25 "Dicocs" 758 (18) 352 86 Total 1098 (22) 479 121

B. Boone County taxa encountered (vouchered or observed) during the current study, historic taxa, and total Boone County flora Origin Current Historic Total Boone Co. flora

Native to central Iowa (no 761 (75%) 604 (81%) 818 (74%) symbol) Native to United States but not 23 (2%) 12 (2%) 24 (2%) Iowa(#) Native to Iowa but not Boone 6(<1%) 3(<1%) 7(<1%) Co.(-) Non-native (*) 226 (22%) 131 (17%) 249 (23%) Total 1016 (100%) 750 (100%) 1098 (100%)

C. Ten most diverse families in Boone County flora. Hybrids included in total numbers. Family Native Non-native Total

Asteraceae 113 27 140 (2) Poaceae 93 45 138 (0) Cyperaceae 88 0 88 (0) 36 15 51 (0) 37 10 47 (1) 18 23 41 (0) 27 6 33 (1) 25 2 27 (0) Poly gonaceae 15 11 26 (0) Amaranthaceae 12 10 22 (0)

D. Ten most diverse genera in Boone County flora. Hybrids included in total numbers. Genus Native Non-native Total

Carex 63 0 63 (0) Symphyotrichum 17 0 17 (1) Elymus 11 1 12 (0) Chenopodium 5 5 10 (0) Cyperus 10 0 10 (0) Rumex 4 6 10 (0) Salix 7 3 10 (2) Dichanthelium 9 0 9 (0) Muhlenbergia 9 0 9 (0) Viola 9 0 9 (2) circumstances merit repeated discussion in this paper. Oenanthe L. and Illinois and determined to be sister to Oent1tnthe sarmentosa C. (water parsley) is an aquatic species of unknown origin found Pres! ex DC. (water parsley) (KrzysztofSpalik pers. comm., Warsaw growing in the shallow water and wet shoreline of Pea's Creek in University, Poland). These Oenanthe specimens collected in Ledges Ledges State Park. It may have been intentionally introduced or State Park, together with ocher specimens collected in and seeds may have washed from upstream, possibly from the Illinois, may represent a species of Oenanthe presently undescribed to undercarriage of a vehicle at an upstream crossing. This species is science (Stephen Downie pers. comm., Department of Plant Biology, morphologically closest co two populations vouchered in Missouri University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois). 16 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

Table 5. Habitat preferences of vascular plants 1n the Lindley (October lady's tresses orchid), were vouchered during Boone County flora. the current study. Roundleaf monkeyflower was growing in a cold water spring on the floodplain of the Des Moines River in A. Taxa Unique to Habitat section 33 of Worth Township. The preferred habitat of roundstem false foxglove is savanna openings on hilltops and No. of No. of south-facing, dry native prairie remnants. Three populations of Habitat Type native taxa non-native taxa Total this species were found in Ledges State Park and an additional population was discovered south of the Ledges in the McCoy Tree-dominated (T) 229 21 250 Wildlife Public Area. Many populations of October lady's tresses Prairie (P) 82 1 83 orchid occur throughout Boone County in populations of variable Wetland (W) 84 8 92 size (one to several dozen plants). The preferred habitat for this Open (primarily 82 118 200 threatened species is young (10-20 yrs old) second-growth forest. human disturbance The last threatened species Hybanthus concolor (T. F. Forst.) habitats) (0) Spreng. (eastern greenviolet), limited in central Iowa to Ledges State Park, was vouchered historically and during the current B. Total Taxa in Habitat study. This violet was reported by Eilers and Roosa (1994) as occurring only in five far northeast and east-central Iowa counties No. of No. of outside the Ledges. The largest population of this species in the Habitat Type native taxa non-native taxa Total park covers several thousand m 2 and has become the predominant ground cover species in dense woods and edges where it grows, Tree-dominated (T) 446 84 530 crowding out most other vegetation. Prairie (P) 287 28 315 Wetland (W) 231 51 282 Open (primarily 267 190 457 C) Special Concern Species. Fifteen taxa documented from Boone human disturbance County during this study are of special concern in Iowa. Of these, habitats) (0) Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. (wavyleaf thistle), is known only from a historic collection vouchered (ISC) from Boone County by George Washington Carver on June 10, 1896. Endangered, threatened, and special concern species Of the fourteen special concern taxa found in Boone County during the current study, three are sedges: Carex aggregata Mack. A) Endangered Species. The one species from Boone County listed (glomerate sedge), Carex crawei Dewey (Crawe's sedge), Carex as endangered (Table 8) by the IDNR is known only from historic tenera Dewey var. echinodes (Fernald) Wiegand (quill sedge), and voucher specimens. nigra Aiton (Canadian plum) is Carex tenera Dewey var. tenera (quill sedge) (DNR Iowa documented from Ledges State Park by four herbarium (ISC) Administrative Code 2002 lists the latter two as a single vouchers collected by Ada Hayden (27 April 1927; April & May species). Carex aggregata was vouchered from a moist area of a 1935; 7 May 1936; and 10 May 1936) with ISC accession prairie planting and two woodland edge populations in the numbers 127418, 151333, 149695, and 148318 respectively. The Ledges as well as a roadside ditch and the edge of a farm field 7 May 1936 herbarium voucher label mentions "Davis Creek, driveway elsewhere in Boone County. Carex crawei occurred in a Ledges State Park near a waterfall about Y4 mile from its juncture small population in a wet roadside ditch outside the Ledges. with Pease [Pea's] Creek". Carex tenera var. echinodes was found on a mud bar on Pea's Creek at the Ledges, as well as in a moist to wet corner of the prairie B) Threatened Species. Of the six species from Boone County listed planting at the north side of the park that extended into the as threatened (Table 8) by the IDNR, two are known only from moist adjacent woods. Elsewhere in Boone County this special historic voucher specimens. Cypripedium reginae Walter (showy concern taxon was found growing in a wet road ditch. Carex tenera lady's slipper) is documented from Ledges State Park by a var. tenera, vouchered only from Ledges State Park, was found in herbarium (ISC) voucher (C. F. Henning, October 1927). A the moist to wet northwest corner of the large prairie planting voucher specimen of the other, Equisetum sylvaticum L. (wood near the park's east entrance. horsetail), occurs in the holdings of ISC (ISC accession # 3 71228) The special concern grass, Muhlenberia asperifolia (Nees & with little label information other than county (Boone) and Meyer) Parodi (scratchgrass) was historically collected from along collector name (I. E. Melhus). the operational Union Pacific railroad right-of-way (Fig. 2; Three threatened species, Mimulus glabratus HBK. var. fremontii Appendix B, #18) within two km east of where it was observed (Bentham) Grant (roundleaf monkeyflower), gattingeri in the current study. A second larger population (200 m 2) was (Small) Small (roundstem false foxglove), and Spiranthes ova/is found during the current study along the abandoned railroad right-of-way (recreational trail) in southern Boone County (Fig. 2; Appendix B, # 19). Table 6. Abundance of the Boone County flora. Great Plains lady's tresses orchid, Spiranthes magnicamporum Sh~viak, was vouchered historically and during the current study. Abundance No. ofTaxa % This speoal concern orchid was historically vouchered along the Union Pacific right-of-way (mentioned above) where it still Common 441 44 persists. During the current study many populations of this Frequent 95 9 species were vouchered from locations throughout Boone County. Infrequent 119 12 It was found in moist-wet areas of gravel pits, railroad and road Sparse 361 35 rights-of-way, woods openings and edges, and grassy old Total 1016 100 pastures. Some populations numbered into the hundreds of BOONE COUNTY FLORA 17

plants. This species is the most abundant orchid species in Boone Table 7. Vascular plant taxa encountered during a search County open habitats (personal observation). of ISC herbarium specimens or vouchered during this study A number of other special concern taxa were found in wet areas of the Boone County flora (2005-2008) that are not listed in in Boone County. Ca!litriche heterophy!!a Pursh (twoheaded water­ The Vascular Plants of Iowa (Eilers and Roosa 1994). * = starwort) was found exclusively in Ledges State Park in an upland Taxa not native to the United States;#= Taxa native to the depression with shallow water during heavy rainfall periods and United States but not Iowa. in moist soil during periods of minimal rainfall. Springs in Boone County are the preferred habitat for Doe!lingeria umbe!lata (Miller) *Allium sativum (cultivated garlic) Nees var. pubens (A. Gray) Britton (aster pubescent). One (amur peppervine) *Ampe!opsis brevipedunculata population (five plants) of vernum (Raf.) T. & G. (spring Carex austrina (southern sedge) avens) was found in an upland wet woods opening of the modern Carex mesochorea (midland sedge) tent campground of Ledges State Park, and a second population #Carex praticola (meadow sedge) (-20 plants) was found growing outside the park in saturated Carex tenera Dewey var. echinodes (quill sedge) soil around the perimeter of a spring. Two small populations of *Cerastium semidecandrum (five-stamen mouse-ear chickweed) pseudaurea (Rydb.) W. A. Weber & A. LOve var. *Chenopodium bonus-henricus (good King Henry) semicordata (Mack. & Bush) Trock & T. M. Barkley (falsegold *Cornus mas (cornelian cherry) groundsel) were found in Boone County. One po~ubtion ~as *Cotinus coggygria (Eurasian smoketree) growing in the wet northwest corner of the large prame plantmg Cyperus !upu!inus ssp. maci!entus (great plains flatsedge) near the east entrance to Ledges State Park, and the second brachycarpa (shortpod draba) population was discovered growing on the edge of shallow water *Eleutherococcus pentaphy!lus (ginseng) of a sedge meadow along the abandoned railroad right-of-way in #Elymus g!aucus (blue wildrye) southern Boone County (Fig. 2; Appendix B, #19). Rota/a Elymus macgregorii (MacGregor's wildrye) ramosior (L.) Koehne (lowland rotala), was vouchered from the E!ymus submuticus (awnless wildrye) muddy edge of a small pond in Camp Mitigwa (Boy Scouts of * hieraciifolium (European wallflower) America camp) in Douglas Township. *Festuca trachyphy!la (hard fescue) The last four special concern taxa found in the county occurred alba X G. andrewsii (plain gentian X closed gentian) in a variety of habitats. The two populations of Aca!ypha Gentiana puberulenta X G. alba (downy gentian X plain gentian) ostryifolia Riddell (pineland threeseed m_ercury) we~e vo_uchered G!andu!aria X hybrida (garden vervain) from corners of cultivated fields growmg weed-like m areas #Hylotelephium telephioides (Allegheny stonecrop) inaccessible to large farm equipment capable of applying *Iris pseudacorus (yellow flag) herbicides. The largest population of hundreds of plants occupied *Lathyrus !atifo!ius (perennial pea) an area of approximately 80 m 2 . This species is listed by Eilers *Ligu!aria przewa!ski (Shavalski's ligularia) and Roosa (1994) as only occurring in Fremont and Pottawatta­ *Ligustrum obtusifo!ium (border privet) mie Counties in southwest Iowa in 1940 and 1949 respectively. *Ligustrum vulgare (European privet) Agalinis auricu!ata (Michx.) Blake (earleaf false foxglove) was *Lonicera X be/la (L. tatarica X L. morrowii ) vouchered from along the operational Union Pacific Railroad *Loncera japonica Qapanese honeysuckle) right-of-way mentioned above. The lone, small population of *Lonicera maackii (amur honeysuckle) Chenopodium album L. var. missouriensis (Aellen) I. ]. Bassett & C. X (L. X L. *Lonicera notha ruprechtiana tatarica) W. Crompton (Missouri lambsquarter's) was vouchered from the X sherardii (L. unif!orus X L. virginicus) edge of a high bank of the Des Moines River within ~edges State *Oenanthe sp. (water parsley) Park. pruinosa (Wendi.) K. Koch (waxyfrmt hawthorn) * vulgare (oregano) was vouchered historically and during the current study only #Picea glauca (white spruce) from Ledges State Park. The three small trees (2-3 m tall) were #Pinus banksiana (jack pine) found on a south-facing lower hillside just above the sandstone #Pinus resinosa (Norway pine) cliffs of the north side of Pea's Creek. *Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) *Prunus tomentosa (Nanking cherry) Other uncommon and rare plants *Rosa ga!lica (French rose) Rosa X rudiuscu!a (R. arkansana var. suffu!ta) The following section focuses on selected sparse plants of *Rosa rugosa (Rugosa rose) Boone County that are not designated by the IDNR as Rubus ab!atus (mountain blackberry) endangered, threatened, or of special concern in Iowa. These .a:e Rubus frondosus (yankee blackberry) organized by general habitat type (Forest/Woodland (A), Prame Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (grayleaf red raspberry) (B), Wetland and Aquatic (C), Other habitats (D)). Rubus roribaccus (Lucretia dewberry) Rumex stenophy!lus (narrow-leaved dock) * A) Forest and Woodland Plants. The following sparse forest species, *Salix X rubens (S. alba X S. fragilis) vouchered historically and during the current study from Ledges *Sci/la siberica (Siberian squill) State Park, have not been found elsewhere in Boone County. *Sedum sarmentosum (stringy stonecrop) Numerous rare forest plant species occur on the north slope of #Solanum triflorum (cutleaf nightshade) Reindeer Ridge in the park, an east-west trending hogback formed Symphyotrichum cordifo!ium X S. urophy!lum . . by the cutting of two adjacent streams. One of these is the rare shrub Verbena X perriana (V. bracteata X V. urt1cifol1a) Cornus rugosa Lam. (roundleaf dogwood). The rare herbaceous species *Viburnum !antana (wayfaringtree) Solidago hispida Muhl. (hairy goldenrod) was also found on Remdeer #Yucca filamentosa (Adam's needle) Ridge north slope and on the opposite south slope of the Ledges *Zoysia japonica (Korean lawngrass) main canyon. A large population ( - 200 plants) of ell1pt1ca 18 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

Table 8. Vascular plant taxa encountered during this study of the Boone County flora (2005-2008) that are listed as Endangered (E), Threatened (T) or of Special Concern (SC) by the Iowa Natural Resource Commission (Iowa Administrative Code 2002). H =vouchered by others prior to the current study (historic); C =species vouchered during the current study.

Status Collection

Acalypha ostryifolia (pineland threeseed mercury) (SC) c Agalinis auriculata (earleaf false foxglove) (SC) c Agalinis gattingeri (roundstem false foxglove) (T) c Callitriche heterophylla (twoheaded water-starwort) (SC) c Carex aggregata (glomerate sedge) (SC) H,C Carex crawei (Crawe's sedge) (SC) H,C Carex tenera (includes var. echinodes and tenera) (quill sedge) (SC) c Chenopodium album var. missouriensis (Missouri lambsquarter's) (SC) c Cirsium undulatum (wavyleaf thistle) (SC) H Crataegus pruinosa (waxyfruit hawthorn) (SC) H,C Cypripedium reginae (showy lady's-slipper orchid) (T) H Doellingeria umbellata var. pubens (aster pubescent) (SC) c Equisetum sylvaticum (wood horsetail) (T) H Geum vernum (spring avens) (SC) c Hybanthus concolor (eastern greenviolet) (T) H,C Mimulus glabratus var. fremontii (roundleaf monkeyflower) (T) c Muhlenbergia asperifolia (scratchgrass) (SC) H,C Packera pseudaurea var. semicordata (falsegold groundsel) (SC) c Prunus nigra (Canadian plum) (E) H Rota/a ramosior (lowland rotala) (SC) c Spiranthes magnicamporum (Great Plains lady's tresses orchid) (SC) H,C Spiranthes ova/is (October lady's tresses orchid) (T) c

Nutt. (waxflower shinleaf) was found in similar habitat on another north of the park in the county. Galium boreale L. (northern north slope immediately above a sandstone cliff on the south side of bedstraw) was found throughout the Ledges in mature forests, Pea's Creek in the park. A smaller (several dozen plants) population occurring on dry upper hillsides to moist lower hillsides adjacent to of this species was found growing in very similar habitat on the wet seeps. Apparently the moisture and sunlight requirements of south side of Davis Creek. The tree-lined floodplain of Pea's Creek is this species are quite variable. This species was also encountered in the preferred habitat of several other rare plant species in the Ledges native prairies of southern Boone County on the rights-of-way of including the only two Ulmus thomasii Sarg. (rock elm) vouchered in abandoned railroads in full sun several km distant from woodlands. the county. Finally, a single population (-200 plants) of a rare This bedstraw species occurs frequently throughout Boone County. sedge, Carex gracillima Schwein. (graceful sedge), was vouchered A number of rare plants that occur in both Ledges State Park exclusively in dense upland forest adjacent to campsites in the and elsewhere in Boone County were found in second-growth modem campground of the park. forests (10-20 yrs old). These include Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Many sparse forest species were encountered in both Ledges State B.S.P. (ebony spleenwort), Dryopteris cristata (1.) A. Gray (crested Park and outside the park in Boone County. Two populations of wood fern), Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs (spinulose Dirca palustris L. (eastern leatherwood) were found in the park, with wood fern), Liparis liliifolia (1.) L. C. Rich. ex Lindley (lily-leaved one population found on the above mentioned north slope of twayblade orchid), and Liparis loeselii (1.) L. C. Rich. (Loesel's Reindeer Ridge, and a second population found in very similar twayblade orchid). Two populations of Dryopteris cristata were habitat on another north slope in the park. This species was also found in the Ledges, and four populations of this species were vouchered outside the park on another north slope lacking found elsewhere in the county with all of these populations sandstone cliffs. Lathyrus ochroleucus Hooker (cream pea), Coeloglos­ consisting of less than two dozen plants. Small populations of sum viride (L.) Hartman (long-bracted orchid), and senega L. Dryopteris carthusiana, some consisting of a single plant, were (Seneca snakeroot) were also encountered on the north slope of found in the Ledges, and several scattered small populations of Reindeer Ridge in Ledges State Park as well as having been from one to two dozen plants were found outside the Ledges. vouchered historically outside the park. Brachyelytrum erectum Generally the populations of Liparis loeselii were quite small (Schreber) Beauv. (bearded shorthusk) and Piptatherum racemosum consisting of scattered individuals to a dozen plants in slightly (Sm.) Eaton (black-seeded ricegrass) were found on both the high moist to moist second growth forests. However, the large 6 ha ground and north slope of Reindeer Ridge, and on other moist (15 ac) spring complex northwest of Boone (Fig. 2; Appendix B, slopes throughout the park. Both of these grass species had been #8) contained several dozen plants of this orchid in shallow vouchered historically from elsewhere in Boone County. Panax water. Several plants of this orchid species were also encountered quinquefolia L. (American ginseng) was found growing in a large in shallow water at the edges of abandoned gravel pit ponds. (-30 plants) population in mature, moist lower hillside forest in Apparently this is another species that tolerates variable soil the park; two other populations consisting of one or two individuals moisture. The populations of Asplenium platyneuron found in were also found in this habitat in the park. During the current Ledges State Park and elsewhere in Boone County range in size study, a single ginseng plant was encountered in similar habitat from just a few plants to several thousand plants. Finally, three BOONE COUNTY FLORA 19

populations of Liparis liliifolia were discovered in the Ledges. D) Other Habitats. Two uncommon Draba species were vouchered One of these populations numbered several hundred plants. This exclusively from disturbed habitats in Ledges State Park during this species was not found outside the park during the current study, study. A small population of Draba nemorosa L. (woodland draba), but a historic voucher of this species collected from Boone reported in Iowa (Eilers and Roosa 1994) only from Dubuque County is deposited in ISC. County in northeast Iowa, was collected from a sandy picnic area between Pea's Creek and Canyon Road. A small population of B) Prairie Plants. Of sparse prairie species found in Boone County, Draba verna L. (spring draba), reported in Iowa (Eilers and Roosa one of the rarest is Lotus unifoliatus (Hook.) Benth. (American 1994) only from Buchanan County in northeast Iowa, was found on bird's-foot trefoil) reported by Eilers and Roosa (1994) as "Rare a small gravel parking pad of the modern tent campground. nw, ne, se: no records since 1926". A small population (-100 m 2) Eight additional sparse species were vouchered from the of this species was discovered in a private native prairie remnant abandoned railroad (recreational trail) right-of-way in southern adjacent to the operational Union Pacific railroad (Fig. 2; #18) on Boone County (Fig. 2; Appendix B, #19). Seven of these, Cyperus the east side of the city limits of Boone. acuminatus Torrey & Hooker (tapertip flatsedge), Fumaria A small (20 m X 40 m) native prairie remnant (savanna) in officinalis L. (fumitory), Plantago patagonica Jacq. (woolly Ledges State Park is home to several sparse plant species in Boone plantain), Salvia reflexa Hornem. (lanceleaf sage), Solanum County. This remnant, which occurs across a deep gully east of triflorum Nutt. (cutleaf nightshade), Triodanis leptocarpa (Nutt.) the campground in the eastern part of the park, persists on a flat Nieuw. (slimpod Venus' looking-glass), and Viola bicolor Pursh hilltop and extends down onto steep west- and south-facing (field pansy), were vouchered from the ballast of the removed slopes. The open hilltop is the preferred habitat for Lechea stricta railroad ties and rails. Eilers and Roosa (1994) report Fumaria Leggett (prairie pinweed) and Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) B.S.P oflicinalis as "Rare se & sw: Wayne, Page" and Triodanis leptocarpa (ticklegrass). Another rare species vouchered from this native as "Rare" in Page County. Rubus roribaccus (L. H. Bailey) Rydb. prairie during the current study, Polygala verticillata L. (whorled (Lucretia dewberry), shown on a distribution map in Widrlechner milkwort), had been vouchered historically from the park and (1998) as occurring in the southeast one-third of Iowa with the outside the park. majus (Gray) Britton (large St. Boone County population being at its farthest northwest extent Johnswort), another rare species vouchered from this prairie in the state, was found in scattered patches along 400-500 m of woodland edges of this right-of-way, and in open habitat of a remnant in the Ledges during the current study, had been county gravel road ditch. vouchered historically outside the park. Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. (sixweeks fescue) was vouchered from both the Ledges and The abandoned railroad right-of-way in Garden Township of southeast Boone County has been mentioned frequently as a site outside the park in Boone County for the first time during this for rare species. The 9.7 km (6 mi) segment between the county current study. In the Ledges sixweeks fescue was found line and Madrid underwent major alterations during the fall of exclusively in this native prairie remnant. 2008. An approximately 9 m wide swath was leveled along the former ballast surface, and a 2.5-3 m wide concrete, "state-of­ C) Wetland and Aquatic Plants. One of the rarest of the wetland the-art" recreational, boulevard-like trail was overlain, with an species in Boone County is Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. adjacent 6 m of leveled vegetation-free soil along the south edge. (grassleaf mudplantain). This species, described by Eilers and With this new 9 m wide vegetation-free zone and adjacent Roosa (1994) as "Infreq. nw & c: rare elsewhere", was found farmer's 3-5 m herbicide overspray, the few good quality native during the current study growing submerged in the shallow prairie remnants along this stretch are in distress. In 2006 and water of an abandoned gravel pit and in the wet soil of the water's 2007 prior to the above construction, which destroyed much of edge. Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl (weeping alkaligrass), "Rare c: the original habitat, this area was searched and several rare species Hamilton County" according to Eilers and Roosa (1994), was to Boone County were vouchered. Because this right-of-way was encountered on the perimeter of a wet depression in an open the sole location of these species in the county, these species may hilltop within a gra2ed pasture. Two sparse taxa were found no longer exist in the county. Four of these potentially eliminated growing in shallow water at the edge of sedge meadows adjacent native species are Ambrosia psilostachya DC. (Cuman ragweed, to the above mentioned new recreational trail in southern Boone western ragweed), Cyperus acuminatus (tapertip flatsedge), Salvia County, Calamagrostis stricta (Timm.) Koeler subsp. inexpansa (A. reflexa (lanceleaf sage), and Solanum triflorum (cutleaf nightshade). Gray) C. W. Greene (northern reedgrass) and Schoenoplectus pungens Two more species eliminated from this site, Plantago patagonica (Vahl) Palla (common three-square bulrush). The floodplain of (woolly plantain) and Triodanis leptocarpa (mentioned above), have Pea's Creek in the Ledges State Park is the preferred habitat of been discovered elsewhere in the county. Two more uncommon two more rare species encountered only in the Ledges. A small species occurring along the outer edge of the disturbed soil, population of Carex frankii Kunth (Frank's sedge) was found on Calamagrostis stricta subsp. inexpansa (northern reedgrass) and this floodplain below the far west end of the Reindeer Ridge Schoenoplectus pungens (common three-square bulrush), found hogback. Another riparian rare species more commonly found in elsewhere in the county, will probably survive, with their northeast Iowa, Elymus riparius Wieg. (eastern riverbank wild populations only partially destroyed. rye), was vouchered along the north side of Pea's Creek near the In the fall of 2009, following the completion of the east end of Canyon Road. This species was also reported in the current study, the population of the rare special concern Ledges by Johnson-Groh and Farrar (1985). A single population species, Muhlenbergia asperifolia (scratchgrass), was de­ (-200 plants) of Carex muskingumensis Schwein. (Muskingum stroyed by the construction of a driveway and parking lot sedge) was found in the Ledges growing on the perimeter of a adjacent on the south side of the recreational trail. In the moist to wet upland depression in association with Carex lupulina spring-summer of 2010 several widely scattered plants re­ Muhl. ex Willd. (hop sedge), and the above mentioned special emerged in the leveled soil east of their original population. concern species Callitriche heterophylla (Table 8). Several The habitat of several uncommon plant species is the sand of a additional populations of both Carex muskingumensis and Carex long abandoned gravel pit in far southwest Douglas Township lupulina were also found elsewhere in Boone County. (Fig. 2; Appendix B, #24). These include four taxa found 20 ]OUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

exclusively in this location: Croton capitatus Michx. var. capitatus were determined from knowledge obtained from encounters with (hogwort), Strophostyles leiosperma (T. & G.) Piper (slickpod these plants elsewhere in central Iowa, consultation of botanical fuzzybean), Trichostema brachiatum L. (fluxweed), and Verbena X references, and information gleaned from herbarium (ISC) deamii Moldenke (V. bracteata X V. stricta). The rarest of these vouchers. four in Boone County and Iowa is the Verbena hybrid, listed by Eilers and Roosa (1994) as "Rare" from Allamakee County in Invasive Species. Many species introduced into Boone County, northeast Iowa. In addition to Triodanis leptocarpa (mentioned and several species considered native to central Iowa, have become above), six other uncommon and rare species vouchered from this invasive. An "invasive plant" is defined by Westbrooks (1998) as gravel pit were vouchered elsewhere in Boone County during the "plants that have been introduced into an environment in which current study: Oenothera laciniata Hill (cutleaf evening-primrose), they did not evolve and thus usually have no narural enemies to Plantago patagonica (mentioned above), Plantago virginica L. limit their reproduction and spread". Much has been written (Virginia plantain), Polanisia dodecandra (1.) DC. ssp. dodecandra about the many invasive plants in Iowa. Here, I will mention a (redwhisker clammyweed), Viola bicolor (mentioned above), and few of the most novel of these invasive plants occurring in Boone Vulpia octoflora (sixweeks fescue). County. Hybridization among species of the genus Verbena is not Artemisia vulgaris L. (common mugwort), reported by Eilers uncommon in Boone County. Verbena X deamii mentioned above and Roosa (1994) as "Rare ne & ec: Delaware, Scott Counties late is one of four Verbena hybrids vouchered in Boone County during 1800s" was vouchered exclusively from Ledges State Park where the current study. Verbena X engelmannii Moldenke (V. urticifolia several populations were observed. One of these populations had X V. hastata) was found in riparian areas of both Ledges State spread to several hundred m 2 along the floodplain of Pea's Creek. Park and outside the park. Verbena X perriana Moldenke (V. Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz (bur buttercup), reported by bracteata X V. urticifolia) (Table 7), not listed in Eilers and Roosa Eilers and Roosa (1994) in campgrounds of Cass County in (1994), was found growing on the woodland edge adjacent to the southwest Iowa and Johnson County in east- central Iowa only, a prairie planting in the north of Ledges State Park. The last, rare non-native grass, Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv. (common Verbena X rydbergii Moldenke (V. hastata X V. stricta) is found hardgrass), previously reported by Eilers and Roosa (1994) from rarely in riparian habitats, but quite ofren in abandoned gravel Page County in southwest Iowa only, the prairie invasive, pits and old pastures where Verbena stricta Vent. (hoary vervain) is Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cour) G. Don (sericea lespedeza) reported common. by Eilers and Roosa (1994) as "Rare south Y2 ", and two Of the two remaining uncommon and rare species, the non­ naturalized, spreading woodland-woodland edge non-native native species Buglossoides arvensis (1.) I. M. Johnst. (corn species not reported by Eilers and Roosa (1994), Lonicera japonica gromwell) described by Eilers and Roosa (1994) as "Rare se & Thunb. (Japanese honeysuckle) and Scilla siberica Haworth sc: Des Moines 1937, Lee, Mahaska 1938, Muscatine 1892", was (Siberian squill) were all vouchered from Ledges State Park and found (four plants) at the edge of a driveway entrance to a from elsewhere in Boone County during this study. Bur hayfield in Boone County. The "native to the United States but buttercup was vouchered from the campgrounds of Don not Iowa" species Monolepis nuttalliana (Roemer & Schultes) Williams Park and Ledges State Park, and a gravel parking lot Greene (Nuttall's povertyweed), "Rare sw & c: Page, Story 1917" in the city of Boone's McHose Park. This poisonous species is (Eilers and Roosa 1994), was found along the outfield fence and widely established in the western United States where it has around the concession stand of a softball field in the city of caused numerous deaths of sheep (Pohl 1984). Common Boone's McHose Park. hardgrass was also vouchered from the campground of Don Williams Park, a gravel parking lot of McHose Park, and along Taxa not encountered in Boone County. Of the 750 vascular plant the edge of Canyon Road in Ledges State Park. The single Don taxa documented to have occurred in Boone County prior to the Williams population of sericea lespedeza consists of ~30 plants. current study, 82 were not encountered during field work for this However, some of the large populations in the Ledges of this project (Table 9). The occurrences of these potentially "missing aggressive non-native species are probably beyond control. It taxa" in Boone County are documented as voucher specimens in occurs in five of the prairie plantings and along the woodland ISU's Ada Hayden Herbarium and/or reported in two earlier edges and openings adjacent to these plantings in the park. publications on Ledges State Park (Diehl 1915; Johnson-Groh Several populations of the woody, vining Japanese honeysuckle and Farrar 1985). These 82 "missing taxa" represent 9% of the were found in Ledges State Park above the sandstone cliffs and total Boone County flora presented in Appendix A. Of these protective guard railings of trails along the north side of the potentially "missing taxa", 70% were native to central Iowa with canyon, as well as along the trail above Table Rock on the south 75% of the encountered taxa being native to central Iowa. The side of the canyon (Reindeer Ridge north slope). This non-native, proportions of "missing taxa" that were annual (24%), biennial aggressive, woody vine was presumably planted intentionally (1.2% ), and perennial (7 4%) are no different than the proportions many years ago as ground cover for erosion control. A small, of these same lifespans represented in the flora encountered spreading population of this species was also found outside the during the current study (p= .62). Likewise, the proportions of Ledges near what appears to have been the site of a former Des "missing taxa" that were herbaceous (79% ), vines (0% ), shrubs Moines River floodplain homestead. Siberian squill was found (3.7%), and trees (17%) are no different than the proportions of growing in the mowed grass of a woodland edge and in dense these same growth forms in the recent flora encountered during woods of Ledges State Park, and in dense woods of two long­ this study (p= .08). However, the proportions of the "missing abandoned Des Moines River floodplain homesteads. taxa" that were unique to tree dominated habitats (35%), prairies Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek (spotted (30% ), wetlands (12% ), and open habitats (23%) differ knapweed), listed in Eilers and Roosa (1994) as Centaurea significantly (p<.01) from the proportions of taxa unique to maculosa Lam. with a distribution of "Infrequent to rare these habitats in the encountered flora (i.e., tree-dominated: throughout", and the non-native aquatic species, Potamogeton 53%, prairie: 15%, wetland: 8.5%, open: 23%). The habitat crispus L. (curled pondweed), were vouchered exclusively from preferences of plants not encountered during the current study Boone County outside of Ledges State Park during this study. BOONE COUNTY FLORA 21

Table 9. Taxa known historically from Boone County encountered in the ISC herbarium but not in the field during the current study. Native to central Iowa (no symbol); native to United States but not Iowa(#); native to Iowa but not Boone Co. (-); non-native (*). Habitat preference; T = Tree habitats, P = Prairie habitats, W = Wetland habitats, 0 = Open habitats-primarily associated with human disturbance.

Taxon Habitat Preference Growth Form Life Span

*Aegilops cylindrica (goatgrass) 0 Herb Annual Agalinis paupercula var. borealis (smallflower false foxglove) P;W Herb Annual Alopecurus aequalis (shortawn foxtail) w Herb Perennial caroliniana (Carolina anemone) p Herb Perennial *Avena fatua (wild oats) 0 Herb Annual *Berberis vulgaris (common barberry) T Shrub Perennial *Brassica juncea (India mustard) 0 Herb Annual *Brassica napus (rape) 0 Herb Annual Carex stricta (upright sedge) w Herb Perennial sessiliflora (downy painted-cup) p Herb Perennial *Centaurea cyanus (garden cornflower) 0 Herb Annual *Centaurea solstitialis (yellow star-thistle) 0 Herb Annual *Chenopodium urbicum (city goosefoot) 0 Herb Annual Cirsium undulatum (wavyleaf thistle) p Herb Perennial ~Cornus sericea ssp. sericea (redosier dogwood) W;O Shrub Perennial Crotalaria sagittalis (rattlebox) p Herb Annual Cyclachaena xanthifolia (giant sumpweed) p Herb Annual Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens (yellow lady's-slipper orchid) T Herb Perennial Cypripedium reginae (showy lady's-slipper orchid) T Herb Perennial Cystopteris fragilis (fragile fern) T Herb Perennial Dalea leporina (foxtail prairie clover) p Herb Perennial perplexum (perplexed ticktrefoil) T Herb Perennial Dicentra canadensis (squirrel corn) T Herb Perennial Distichlis spicata (saltgrass) p Herb Perennial Dodecatheon meadia (pride of Ohio) p Herb Perennial Elymus macgregorii (MacGregor's wildrye) p Herb Perennial Elymus submuticus (awnless wildrye) p Herb Perennial Elymus trachycaulus (slender wheatgrass) p Herb Perennial Elymus virginicus var. intermedius (Virginia wildrye) p Herb Perennial Elymus wiegandii (Wiegand's wildrye) p Herb Perennial Equisetum sylvaticum (wood horsetail) T Herb Perennial Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) w Herb Annual Euphorbia hexagona (sixangle spurge) 0 Herb Annual Festuca paradoxa (cluster fescue) p Herb Perennial Galium trifidum (threepetal bedstraw) p Herb Perennial Gentiana puberulenta X G. alba p Herb Perennial X hybrida (garden vervain) 0 Herb Annual * stipulacea (Korean clover) 0 Herb Annual Lappula occidentalis var. occidentalis (flatspine stickseed) P; 0 Herb Annual *Ligularia przewalski (Shavalski's ligularia) 0 Herb Perennial * sylvestris (high mallow) P; 0 Herb Perennial Morus rubra (red mulberry) T Tree Perennial Muhlenbergia bushii (nodding muhly) T Herb Perennial Nothocalis cuspidata (prairie false dandelion) p Herb Perennial Oenothera biennis (common evening-primrose) P; 0 Herb Biennial Osmunda claytoniana (interrupted fern) T Herb Perennial Oxalis dillenii (slender yellow woodsorrel) T;O Herb Perennial Packera aurea (golden ragwort) P;W Herb Perennial Physostegia parviflora (western false dragonhead) w Herb Perennial #Picea glauca (white spruce) T;O Tree Perennial #Pinus banksiana (jack pine) T;O Tree Perennial #Pinus resinosa (Norway pine) T;O Tree Perennial *Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) T;O Tree Perennial Plantago aristata (largebracted plantain) P;O Herb Annual *Poa nemoralis (wood bluegrass) T Herb Perennial Polygala sanguinea (purple milkwort) T Herb Perennial 22 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

Table 9. Continued.

Taxon Habitat Preference Growth Form Life Span Pontedera cordata (pickerelweed) w Herb Perennial Prenanthes aspera (rough rattlesnakeroot) p Herb Perennial Prunus mexicana (Mexican plum) T Tree Perennial Prunus nigra (Canadian plum) T Tree Perennial Prunus pensylvanica (pin cherry) T Tree Perennial Ptelea trifoliata (common hoptree) T Tree Perennial Quercus X deamii (Q. alba X Q. muhlenbergii) T Tree Perennial Quercus X hawkinsii (Q. rubra X Q. velutina) T Tree Perennial Quercus velutina (black oak) 0 Tree Perennial Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffuses (white water crowfoot) w Herb Perennial Ranunculus fascicularis (early buttercup) p Herb Perennial *Rhamnus davurica (Dahurian buckthorn) T Tree Perennial *Rumex patientia (patience dock) W;O Herb Perennial Sagittaria graminea (grassy arrowhead) w Herb Perennial *Salsola kali (Russian thistle) 0 Herb Annual *Schedonorus pratensis (meadow fescue) p Herb Perennial *Setaria italica (foxtail millet) 0 Herb Annual *Tanacetum vulgare (tansy) 0 Herb Perennial Thalictrum thalictroides (rue-anemone) T Herb Perennial *Tribulus terrestris (puncturevine) 0 Herb Annual Trillium cernuum (nodding trillium) T Herb Perennial Utricularia macrorhiza (common bladderwort) w Herb Annual Viburnum dentatum (southern arrowwood) T Tree Perennial Viola missouriensis X V. sororia (Missouri violet X blue violet) T;O Herb Perennial Viola palmata (wood violet) T Herb Perennial #Wisteria frutescens (American wisteria) T;O Shrub Perennial

Spotted knapweed was found severely infesting several hectares of Plants Database) in Ledges State Park (Johnson-Groh and Farrar a heavily grazed pasture, as well as along a long stretch of the 1985). Union Pacific railroad right-of-way through the city of Boone. Within a few decades of the settlement of Iowa by Europeans Curled pondweed was found in the shallow waters of the (beginning approximately in the 1830s), non-native invasive abandoned gravel pit ponds of Jay Carlson Wildlife Public Area species became a significant part of the state's flora (Lewis and west of Boone. Curled pondweed was the most severe nuisance Pope 2001). This is reflected in the Boone County flora, of which aquatic plant in the Midwest until Myriophyllum spicatum 1. 249 taxa (23%) are not native to the United Srates. By the close (Eurasian watermilfoil) appeared. of the 19'h century, Pammel (1901) had already recognized six "classes of weeds" in Iowa-those that immediately followed the DISCUSSION advent of the state's settlement; weeds that came in along railroads; seed contaminants of grain and flax seeds; native species The Dynamic Flora of Boone County, Iowa that "adapted themselves to new conditions"; seed contaminants The composition of the current Boone County flora represents of grass and clover seed; and weeds of dooryards, hog-lots, and an interesting juxtaposition of rare native plant species at the similar disturbed places. These six classes encompassed, but edge of their respective geographic distributions and numerous weren't limited to non-native invasive plants. More recently, non-native species introduced since settlement by Europeans. For Baker (1974) defined "weeds" as "those species that not only have example, the occurrence of many species (e.g. Dirca palustris, no detected human value but actually interfere with human Cornus rugosa, Elymus riparius, and Galium boreale) in Boone activities." Currently, the term "invasive plant" (see definition County at the southern edge of their distributions in Iowa above in Results) is often used in place of "weed". President suggests that the Ledges and selected other locations along the Clinton's 1999 "Executive Order 13112" states; "Invasive species Des Moines River in Boone County may have functioned as mesic means an alien species whose introduction does or is likely to refuges for northern species (Johnson-Groh and Farrar 1985). cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human Pammel and King (1901), Pammel (1905), Gleason (1922), health". Conard (1952), Niemann (1975), and Plouffe (1977) have all Undoubtedly, the post-settlement introduction of plants viewed the northern disjunct communities of central Iowa as (including those in cultivation), intentionally or accidentally, relicts that have existed here since shortly after glaciation. and the disturbances caused by human activities have caused the However, Shimek (1948) and Eilers (1965) have maintained that greatest alteration of the vegetation of Iowa in recorded history enough time has elapsed since glaciation for long distance (Lewis and Pope 2001). Lewis and Pope (2001) state that these dispersal to have affected dissemination of northern species to changes are profound, yet are easily overlooked because many central Iowa (Johnson-Groh and Farrar 1985). Also, the invasive plant species have been assimilated into our daily threatened species Hybanthus concolor represents an eastern environment. The negative effects of non-native species on Iowa's disjunct species near the western edge of its distribution (USDA remaining natural areas cannot be overstated (Lewis and Pope BOONE COUNTY FLORA 23

2001). Non-native species not only displace native plant species and the public McCoy Wildlife Area, adjacent to the south, and by occupying space; they also change nutrient and water the Ledges personnel have plans to combat Al!iaria petiolata and availability, may affect light availability by shading the native Lespedeza cuneata in the park. species, and may be a source of introduction of diseases and pests There has been a recent resurgence of floristic study in Iowa, as (Randall 1996; Westbrooks 1998). For example, Hartzler and indicated by the publication of county (Thompson 2007), state Pope (2001) cite Rhamnus cathartica L. (common buckthorn) as a park (Thompson et al. 2009), state preserve (Wetzel et al. 1998; winter host for the soybean aphid, a new insect pest of soybeans Norris and Lewis 2006), municipal (Norris et al. 2001), and grown in the United States. Also, this buckthorn species is plant community-focused (Nekola 1994) floras since 1990. More classified as a primary noxious weed in Iowa (Iowa Administra­ than twenty state-owned lands have been inventoried and tive Code 2003) because of its role as an alternative host to documented in technical reports submitted to the IDNR since Puccinia coronata Corda var. avenae W. P. Fraser Ledingham (oat the early 1990s (John Pearson pers. comm., IDNR, Des Moines, crown rust), a devastating disease of oats (Hartzler and Pope Iowa). These studies reveal the need for an on-line checklist of 2001). This is just one of many accounts that could be related Iowa vascular plants that includes current nomenclature. here about the impacts of specific invasive plants on the Iowa Recently published floristic studies in Iowa (e.g., Norris and (and potentially the Boone County) flora. Lewis 2006; Thompson 2007) have necessarily cited numerous nomenclatural references rather that a single authoritative volume Significance of Floristic Studies in Boone County, Iowa or website. These studies (and this one) would also have been facilitated by access to a computer database of label information Floristic studies such as this one facilitate analysis of Iowa's from herbarium specimens deposited in Iowa herbaria. Approx­ dynamic flora. For example, 348 (232 native) taxa that were imately 70 hours were spent searching the ISC collection for encountered during this study had never been documented from Boone County specimens; most researchers do not have this Boone County. These discoveries raise an interesting question: do amount of time for this task. these newly discovered plant taxa represent recent additions to Three additional species, not included in the tables or the Boone County flora, or were they merely overlooked in total flora of Boone County, were located after the previous plant inventory work in this county? Although this conclusion of this study. Two of these species, the special question can't be answered definitively, future students of the concern Carex lurida Wahlenb. (shallow sedge) and the Boone County flora will have available a thorough baseline of this endangered Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. (Obe-wan­ flora from the first decade of the 21st century. This study also reveals the possible loss of 57 native taxa from the Boone County conobea, narrowleaf paleseed), were vouchered. Viola flora. Although it is possible some of the "missing" taxa do in striata Aiton (striped cream violet) was observed spreading fact still occur in this county and were overlooked in this study, around a long-abandoned farmstead by a colleague but not such undiscovered taxa would be expected to have low abundance vouchered. With the addition of these three species, the given their non-detection. total flora of Boone County is 110 I taxa. This study also allows ecological comparisons of native versus non-native plants occupying Boone County (Table 5). Generally, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS native taxa were most frequent in tree-dominated habitats with Judith Canne-Hilliker (Agalinis gattingeri), Julian Campbell 229 taxa unique to tree habitats, 84 taxa unique to wetland habitats, 82 taxa unique to prairie habitats, and 82 taxa unique to (Elymus glaucus), Lynn Clark (Poaceae), Stephen Downie (Oe­ open habitats. In contrast, non-native taxa were most frequent in nanthe), Donald R. Farrar (pteridophytes and several woody open habitats with 118 taxa unique to open habitats, 21 taxa species), Robert Naczi (Carex), William R. Norris (Carex, unique to tree-dominated habitats, 8 taxa unique to wetland Cyperus, Schoenoplectus, Scirpus, Typha), Anton Reznicek (Carex), habirats, and 1 taxon unique to prairie habitats. Although it is Krzysztoff Spalik (Oenanthe), Gordon Tucker (Cyperus), Chris tempting to make generalizations about the extent and nature of Tyrrell (Poaceae), Mark Widrlechner (Rubus, Salix, Lonicera, non-native plant invasion into Boone County since settlement by Cornus, Rosa, Crataegus, Viburnum), and Scott Zager (Carex) Europeans, this is not possible because the Boone County flora is provided crucial help with plant identification. Michael Palmer not thoroughly documented from any previous point in time. provided access to his extensive database of North American With continued conversion of natural habitats for human use in floras. Robin McNeely provided summaries of land cover types in this county, and with changing climates, the Boone County flora Boone County from both historic GLO survey data and modern will undoubtedly continue to change. Future students of the Iowa classified satellite imagery. Ray Anderson, Andy Asell, Lois Bair, flora will be able to analyze for change in the Boone County flora Andy Bartlett (Ledges State Park Manager), Lloyd Crim, Stephen using this study as a baseline. Downie, Mark Edwards, Dan Fenimore, Tom Foster, Tom Gust, The documentation of native habitats and locations of rare Jo Hudson, William Johnson, Karl Jungbluth, Casey Kohrt, plant populations in Boone County provided here should inform John Olson, John Pearson, Penny Perkins (former Ledges State agencies charged with natural resource management. For Park Manager), Marc Peter (former Ledges State Park Manager), example, many native prairie remnants of Don Williams Park Scott Peterson, Mark Plymale (Ledges State Park Ranger), Rich are in major peril due to little or no management and require Pope, Deborah ]. Quade, Tom Rosburg, Sandra Sampson, immediate intervention. It is likewise apparent that the size of Richard Sims, Daryl Smith, Michael Sucik, Danielle Wirth, the sandy hilltop prairie at Pilot Mound State Forest Preserve has Calvin Wolter, and Allan Younk provided other crucial assistance diminished considerably due to encroachment by invasive woody during this study. I greatly appreciate Deborah Q. Lewis's species. This state preserve has had no ongoing vegetation assistance in writing and formatting of this paper and her management. Likewise, the two abandoned railroad rights-of-way identification and verification of identification of the majority of in southeast and southwest Boone County (Fig. 2) have had no vouchers collected during this study, and William R. Norris's prairie management. On the other hand the IDNR has instituted reviews and edits of this paper to make it a better paper. I thank aggressive removal of invasive woody shrubs in Ledges State Park all of the above individuals for their assistance. 24 JOUR. !OWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

LITERATURE CITED IOWA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE. 2003. Iowa noxious weeds. Iowa State Legislature, Chapter 317.lA. Retrieved 2004 Nov 13 from: ANDERSON, P. F. 1996. GIS research to digitize maps of Iowa 1832- http://www.legis.state.ia.us/IACODE/2003/317 /IA.html. 1859 vegetation from government Land Office Township Plat Maps. JOHNSON-GROH, C. L. 1985. Vegetation communities of Ledges Report to the Bureau of Preserves and Ecological Services, Iowa State Park, Boone County, Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Department of Natural Resources. Science 92:129-136. BAIN, H.F. 1897. Geology of Polk County, Iowa. Geological Survey JOHNSON-GROH, C. L. and D. R. FARRAR. 1985. Flora and Annual Report VII, Pages 265-412. phytogeographical history of Ledges State Park, Boone County, Iowa. BAKER, H.J. 197 4. The evolution of weeds. Annual Review of Ecology Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 92:137-143. and Systematics 5:1-24. JUDD, W. S., C. S. CAMPBELL, E. A. KELLOGG, P. F. STEVENS, BETTIS, E. A. III. 1988. Overview of the geology of Ledges State Park. and M. ]. DONOGHUE. 2008. Plant Systemics, a phylogenetic Guidebook 48, Geological Society of Iowa and Guidebook 6, Iowa approach, 3'd edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc, Sunderland, MA. Natural History association. LAMMERS, T. G. 1983. The vascular flora of Des Moines County, Iowa. BETTIS, E. A. III, T.]. KEMMIS, D.]. QUADE, and]. P. LITTKE. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 90:55-71. 1985. The Quaternary Deposits of the Emergency Spillway, in After LANDERS, R. Q., P. CHRISTIANSEN, and T. HEINER. 1970. the Great Flood: Exposures in the Emergency Spillway, Saylorville Establishment of prairie species in Iowa. Pages 48-49. In: P. Dam, E. A. Bettis, T. J. Kemmis, and B.]. Witke (eds.). P. 2-1-2- Schramm (ed.). Proceedings of a symposium on prairie and prairie 42, Geological Society of Iowa Guidebook 43, Iowa City. restoration, Sept. 14-15, 1968, Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois. BETTIS, E. A. III and B. E. HOYER. 1986. Late Wisconsinan and Published by Knox College Biological Field Station, Galesburg, Holocene landscape evolution and alluvial stratigraphy in the Illinois, Special Publication No. 3. Saylorville Lake area, central Des Moines River Valley, Iowa. Iowa LEES,]. H. 1916. Physical features and geologic history of Des Moines Geological Survey, Open File Report 86-1. Valley, Iowa. Iowa Geological Survey Annual Report XXV, Pages BETTIS, E. A. III, J. PEARSON, M. EDWARDS, D. GRADWOHL, 423-615. N. OSBORN, T. KEMMIS, and D. QUADE. 1988. Introduction, LEWIS, D. Q. and R. 0. POPE. 2001. An overview and management Guidebook 48, Geological Society of Iowa and Guidebook 6, Iowa plan of Iowa's non-native, invasive, terrestrial forbs. Journal Iowa Natural History Association. Academy of Science 108(4): 116-123. BRAUN, E. L. 1964. Deciduous forests of eastern North America. NEKOLA,]. C. 1994. Environment and vascular flora of northeastern Hafner, , NY. Iowa fen communities. Rhodora 96:121-169. CARTER, ]. L. 1962. The vascular flora of Cherokee County. NIEMANN, D. A. 1975. Distribution and habitats of the orchids of Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 69:60-70. Iowa. Ph.D. dissertation. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. CLINTON, W.]. 1999. Invasive species. Executive Order 13112. Office NORRIS, W. R., D. Q. LEWIS, M. P. WIDRLECHNER, J. D. of the White House Press Secretary, Washington, D.C. THOMPSON, and R. 0. POPE. 2001. Lessons from an inventory of the Ames, Iowa flora (1859-2000). Journal Iowa Academy of Science CONARD, H. S. 1952. The vegetation of Iowa. Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. 108:34-63. Hist. 19:1-166. NORRIS, W. R. and D. Q. LEWIS. 2006. Bixby State Park and DIEHL, W. W. 1915. The flora of the Ledges region of Boone County, Preserve: History, biota, roles in conservation, human impacts and Iowa. Proceedings Iowa Academy Science 22:77-104. future directions. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science 113:17-44. EILERS, L.]. 1965. The post-glacial phytogeography of the Iowan Lobe. PAMMEL, L. H. 1895. Character and distribution of forest trees and shrubs Proceedings Iowa Academy Science 72:84-98. in Boone County. Annual report of Iowa Geological Survey 5:232-239. EILERS, L. J. and D. M. ROOSA. 1994. The vascular plants of Iowa: an PAMMEL, L. H. 1901. Some changed conditions of our flora incident to annotated checklist and natural history. University of Iowa Press, the settlement of the state. Proceedings of 22nd Annual Meeting of Iowa City, Iowa. the Society for Promotion of Agricultural Science, Pages 1-6. EASTERLY, N. W. 1951. The flora of Iowa County. Proceedings of the PAMMEL, L. H. 1903. Present condition of Iowa forests. Proceedings of Iowa Academy of Science 58:71-95. Iowa Park and Forestry Association 3:53-75. FABER-LANGENDOEN, D. (ed.). Plant communities of the Midwest: PAMMEL, L. H. 1905. A comparative study of the vegetation of Classification in an ecological context. Association for Biodiversity swamps, clay, and sandstone areas in western , southwest­ Information, Arlington, VA. Pages 61 pp. + appendix (705 pp.). ern , northeastern, central, and southern Iowa. Proc. FAY, M.]. 1951. The flora of Cedar County, Iowa. Proceedings of the Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci. 10:32-126. Iowa Academy of Science 58:107-131. PAMMEL, L. H. 1924. Ledges State Park. Bulletin. Iowa State Parks FAY, M. J. and R. F. THORNE. 1953. Additions to the flora of Cedar 1(3): 10-11. County, Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science PAMMEL, L. H. and C. KING. 1901. The vascular cryptogams of Iowa 60:122-130. and adjoining parts of southeastern Minnesota and western FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE, EDS. Wisconsin. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy Science 9:134-141. 1993+, Flora of North America North of Mexico, New York and PAMMEL, L. H., C. F. HENNING, and]. E. SMITH. 1928. Ledges Oxford. State Park. Park booklet, series no. 1 (revised ed.). Iowa State Board GLEASON, H. A. 1922. The vegetational history of the Middle West. of Conservation, Des Moines, Iowa. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 12:39-85. PECK,]. H., L. J. EILERS, and D. M. ROOSA. 1978. The first Iowa GLEASON, H. A. and A. CRONQUIST. 1991. Manual of vascular foray (continued): the vascular plants of Fremont County, Iowa. Iowa plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, 2nd edition. Bird Life 48:3-18. The New York Botanical Garden. PECK,]. H., D. M. ROOSA, and L. J. EILERS. 1980. A checklist of the GRANT, M. L. 1950, 1953. Dickinson County flora (A preliminary vascular flora of Allamakee County, Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa checklist of the vascular plants of Dickinson County, Iowa, based on Academy of Science 87:62-75. the herbarium of Iowa Lakeside Laboratory). Proceedings of the Iowa PECK,]. H., T. G. LAMMERS, B. W. HAGLAN, D. M. ROOSA, and Academy of Science 57:91-129. L. J. EILERS. 1981. A checklist of the vascular flora of Lee County, HARTZLER, B. and R. POPE. 2001. Buckthorn control and soybean Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 88:159-171. aphids. Retrieved 2004 Sept 8 from: http://www.weeds.iastate.edu/ PECK,]. H., B. W. HAGLAN, L. J. EILERS, D. M. ROOSA, and D. mgmt/2001 /buckthorn.htm. VAN DER ZEE. 1984. Checklist of the vascular flora of Lyon and IOWA ADMINISTRATIVE CODE. 2002. Endangered and threatened Sioux Counties, Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science plant and animal species. Natural Resources Commission, Chapter 91:92-97. 77. Iowa Administrative Code, January 9, 2002, Des Moines, PETERSON, W.]. 1941. Iowa: the rivers of her valleys. State Historical Iowa. Society of Iowa, Iowa City. 318 p. BOONE COUNTY FLORA 25

PLOUFFE, M. E. 1977. An autecological study of Betula papyrifera in THORNE, R. F. 1955. Flora of Johnson County, Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa River greenbelt in Hardin County, with notes on the vegetation. the Iowa Academy of Science 62:155-196. M.S. thesis. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. USDA, NRCS. 2007, The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov/ 22 POHL, R. W. 1984. The bur buttercup (Ceratocephalus testiculatus) a new December 2007). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA toxic weed in Iowa. Iowa State Journal of Research, August, 1984. 70874-4490 USA. Vol. 59, No. 1. USDA, SCS. 1981. Soil survey of Boone County, Iowa. Table 4; Pages PRIOR,]. C. 1991. Landforms of Iowa. University of Iowa Press, Iowa 98-99, Acreage and proportionate extent of the soils. U.S. City, Iowa. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. RANDALL,]. M. 1996. Weed control for the preservation of biological WAGENKNECHT, B. L. 1954. The flora of Washington County, Iowa. diversity. Weed Technology 10:370-383. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science 61:184-204. ROOSA, D. M., L. ]. EILERS, and S. ZAGER. 1991. An annotated WESTBROOKS, R. 1998. Invasive plants, changing the landscape of checklist of the vascular plant flora of Guthrie County, Iowa. Journal America: Fact book. Federal Interagency Committee for the of the Iowa Academy of Science 98:14-30. Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds. Washington, D.C. RUSSELL, N. H. 1956. A checklist of the vascular flora of Poweshiek WETZEL, P. R., W. R. NORRIS, and K. M. LYLES. 1999. The County, Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science vascular flora of Doolittle Prairie State Preserve: a prairie pothole­ 63:161-176. wetland complex. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science SHIMEK, B. 1948. The plant geography of Iowa. (Edited by H. S. 106:26-33. Conard). Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Hist. 18:1-178. WIDRLECHNER, M. P. 1998. The genus Rubus L. in Iowa. Castanea SOKAL, R. R. and F. J. ROHLF. 1987. Introduction ro biostatistics. W. 63:415-465. H. Freeman and Co. WILSON, B. L. 1992. Checklist of the vascular flora of Page County, THOMPSON, ]. D. 2007. An inventory of the vascular flora of Iowa. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science 99:23-33. Hamilron County, Iowa. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science WOLDEN, B. 0. 1956. The flora of Emmet County, Iowa. Proceedings 114(1): 1-27. of the Iowa Academy of Science 63:118-136. THOMPSON,]. D., W. R. NORRIS, and D. Q. LEWIS. 2009. The YOUNK, A., M. SUCIK, and R. SIMS. 2008. United States Department vascular flora of Ledges State Park (Boone County, Iowa) Revisited: of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service Revelations and Recommendations. Castanea in Press. (NRCS).

APPENDIX A. Checklist of the Boone County, Iowa Flora. Abundance designations---common, frequent, infrequent, or sparse: see Methods for further discussion Voucher specimens are deposited in the Ada Hayden Herbarium at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. MONILOPHYTES (FERNS AND FERN ALLIES) ASPLENIACEAE Key Asplenium platyneuron (1.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg (ebony spleenwort) TL, TB-Tmf,wd,ed-frequent No Symbol = Taxa native of central Iowa Asplenium rhizophyllum L. (walking fern) OL, (DL), (JL), (TL), = Taxa not native of the United States * (TB)-Tmf-sparse # = Taxa native to the United States but not Iowa (Eilers, Roosa 1994) DRYOPTERIDACEAE - = Taxa native to Iowa but probably not central Iowa Athyrium filix-femina (1.) Roth ex Martens var. angustum (Willd.) [ ] = Outdated taxa nomenclature from (Eilers, Roosa 1994) Moore (northern lady fern) OL, (DL), JL, TL, TB-Tmf­ Vascular Flora of Iowa infrequent OB = Plants vouchered outside of Ledges State Park by people Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. (bulblet bladder fern) TB-Twf; other than Diehl, Johnson-Groh/Farrar, or Thompson Wsp-sparse OL = Plants vouchered in Ledges State Park by people other than Cystopteris fragilis (1.) Bernh. (fragile fern) OL, (DL), (JL)-T Diehl, Johnson-Groh/Farrar, or Thompson Cystopteris protrusa (Weath.) Blasdell (southern bladder fern) OL, (OL) = Plant (Cystopteris tennesseensis) observed in Ledges by others OB, JL, TB, (TL)-T---common DL = Plants vouchered in Ledges State Park by Diehl Cystopteris tennesseensis Shaver (Tennessee bladder fern) (OL) (DL) = Plants reported in Ledges State Park by Diehl (no (TL)-Tmf-sparse vouchers found) Cystopteris tenuis (Michx.) Desv. (Mackay's brittle fern) OL, TL­ JL = Plants vouchered in Ledges State Park by Johnson-Groh/ Tmf-sparse Farrar Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs (spinulose wood fern) (JL) = Plants reported but not vouchered in Ledges State Park by OL, OB, TL, TB-Tmf,wd,ed-infrequent Johnson-Groh/Farrar Dryopteris cristata (1.) A. Gray (crested wood fern) OB, TL, TB­ TB = Plants vouchered outside of Ledges State Park by Tmf,wd,ed-sparse Thompson Matteuccia struthiopteris (1.) Todara var. pensylvanica (Willd.) (TB) = Plants observed but not vouchered outside Ledges State Morton (ostrich fern) OB, (JL), TL, TB-T-sparse Park by Thompson Onoclea sensibilis L. (sensitive fern) OB, TB-Tmf,wd,ed; Orw­ TL = Plants vouchered in Ledges State Park by Thompson sparse (TL) = Plants observed but not vouchered in Ledges State Park Woodsia obtusa (Sprengel) Torrey (blunt-lobed cliff fern) OL, OB, by Thompson (DL), JL, TL, (TB)-Tmf-infrequent Plant Habitat Codes-T (tree-dominated habitats), P (prairie EQUISET ACEAE habitats), W (wetland habitats), 0 (open habitats-primarily associated with human disturbance. For definitions of Equisetum arvense L. (field horsetail) OL, OB, (DL), (JL), TB, subcategories see Table 1. (TL)-T; P; W; 0-common 26 )OUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

Equisetum X ferrissii Clute (E. hyemale X E. laevigatum) OL, OB, AGAVACEAE (TB)-T; P; W; 0---common #Yucca filamentosa L. (Adam's needle) TB-Pdr; Orw-sparse Equisetum hyemale L. subsp. affine (Engelm.) Calder & Roy L. Taylor (common scouring rush) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), ALISMATACEAE (TB)-T; P; W; 0---common Alisma subcordatum Raf. [A. plantago-aquatica L.) (southern water­ Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. (smooth scouring rush) OL, OB, TB, plantain) OB, (DL), TB-Wez,md-infrequent (TL)-T; P; W; 0---common Echinodorus berteroi (Sprengel) Fassett (upright burrhead) TB­ Equisetum sylvaticum L. (wood horsetail) OB-T W ez,md-sparse Sagittaria brevirostra Mack. & Bush (midwestern arrowhead) OL, OPHIOGLOSSACEAE OB, (TB)-W-frequent Botrychium dissectum Sprengel [B. dissectum Sprengel f. dissectum-B. Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon (northern arrowhead) OB, TL, (TB)­ dissectum Sprengel f. obliquum (Muhl.) Fern.] (dissected grape­ Wrp-sparse fern) OB, TL, TB-Tmf,wd,ed-frequent Sagittaria graminea Michx. (grassy arrowhead) OB-W Botrychium virginianum (1.) SW. (rattlesnake fern) OL, (DL), JL, Sagittaria latifolia Willd. (common arrowhead) OL, (DL), TB­ (TL), (TB)-T--common W-frequent Sagittaria montevidensis Chamisso & Schlechtendal ssp. calycina OSMUNDACEAE (Engelm.) Bogin [S. calycina Engelm.) ( arrowhead) Osmunda claytoniana L. (interrupted fern) (JL)-T TB-W-sparse POLYPODIACEAE ALLIACEAE [LILIACEAE, in part) Polypodium virginianum L. (rock polypody fern) OL, (DL), JL, Allium canadense L. (meadow garlic) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TL)-Tmf-sparse (TB)-Twf; P--common Allium cernuum Roth (nodding onion) TB-Orw-sparse PTERIDACEAE *Allium sativum L. (cultivated garlic) TL-Pms-sparse Adiantum pedatum L. (northern maidenhair fern) OL, OB, (DL), Allium tricoccum Aiton (wild leek) OL, JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf- JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf-common common L. (wild garlic) TB-Twf-sparse THELYPTERIDACEAE *Allium vineale Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (Lawson) Fern. (eastern ARACEAE [includes LEMNACEAE) marsh fern) TB-Wsp-sparse Arisaema dracontium (1.) Schott (green-dragon) OL, OB, (DL), PINOPHYTA/GYMNOSPERMS (CONIFERS) (JL), (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf-common Arisaema triphyllum (1.) Schott (Jack-in-the-pulpit) OL, (DL), JL, CUPRESSACEAE (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf-common ]uniperus virginiana L. (eastern redcedar) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Lemna minor L. (common duckweed) TL, TB-Wsz--common (TB)-T; P; 0--common Lemna trisulca L. (star duckweed) TB-Wsz-sparse *Thuja occidentalis L. (northern white-cedar) TB-Orw-sparse Spirodela polyrhiza (1.) Schleiden (greater pondweed) TB-Wsz­ sparse PINACEAE Wolffia borealis (Engelm.) Landolt [W. punctata Griseb.] (northern #Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss (white spruce) JL-T; 0 watermeal) TL, TB-Wsz-sparse #Pinus banksiana Lamb. (jack pine) JL-T; 0 Wolffia columbiana Karsten (Columbian watermeal) TL, TB­ #Pinus resinosa Ait. (Norway pine) JL-T; 0 W sz-sparse -Pinus strobus L. (eastern white pine) JL, (TL), (TB)-T-sparse *Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) JL-T; 0 ASPARAGACEAE [LILIACEAE, in part) *Asparagus ojficinalis L. (garden asparagus) OB, TL, (TB)-Ted; MAGNOLIOPHYTAl ANGIOSPERMS Orw--common (ANITA GRADE) COLCHICACEAE [LILIACEAE, in part) NYMPHAEACEAE Uvularia grandiflora Small (large-flowered bellwort) OL, OB, Nymphaea odorata Ait. [Nymphaea tuberosa Paine] (water lily- pink (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf--common cultivar) TB-Wsz-sparse COMMELINACEAE (MAGNOLIIDS) *Commelina communis L. (Asiatic dayflower) TB-Wrp-infre­ ARISTOLOCHIACEAE quent Asarum canadense L. (Canadian wildginger) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), Tradescantia bracteata Small (longbract spiderwort) OL, OB, (DL), (TB)-Tmf,wf--common (TB)-Pms; Orw,rc-common Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. (bluejacket) TL-Pwt-sparse UNCERTAIN POSITION-(CERATOPHYLLALES) CYPERACEAE CERATOPHYLLACEAE Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (Torr.) Sojak [Scirpus fluviatilis (Torrey) Ceratophyllum demersum L. (coontail) OL, (TL), (TB)-Wsz­ Gray) (river bulrush) OB, TB-W--common common Carex aggregata Mack. (glomerate sedge) OL, TL, TB-Tmf; (MONOCOTS) Pms-sparse Carex albursina Sheldon (white bear sedge) OL, OB, DL, (TL), ACORACEAE (TB)-Tmf,wf; Wsp--common Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf. (sweet-flag) TL, TB-W-sparse Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. var. xanthocarpa (Bickn.) Wieg. *Acorus calamus L. (calamus) TB-W-sparse (yellowfruit sedge) TL, (TB)-Ted; Pwt; Wez; Orw--common BOONE COUNTY FLORA 27

Carex atherodes Sprengel (slough sedge-awned sedge) OB, TB- Carex normalis Mack. (greater straw sedge) OL, TL, TB-Tmf,ed; W-frequent P; Oof-common Carex austrina (Small) Mack. (southern sedge) TB-Ore-sparse Carex oligocarpa Willd. (eastern few- sedge) OL, (DL), (TL), Carex bebbii (Bailey) Fern. (Bebb's sedge) OB, TB-Wsp-sparse (TB)-Tmf-frequent Carex bicknellii Britton (Bicknell's sedge) TB-Pdr,ms-sparse Carex pedunculata Muhl. (long-stalk sedge) OL, JL, (TL)-Tmf­ Carex blanda Dewey (bland sedge-woodland sedge) OL, TL, sparse (TB)-Tmf,wf; Pros-common Carex pellita Muhl. ex Willd. [C. lanuginosa Michx.] (woolly Carex brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lunell (Brevior sedge-short-beak sedge) OB, TL, TB-Pms,wt; Wez; Orw-common sedge) TL, TB-Pms,wt; Orw,of-common Carex pensylvanica Lam. ( sedge) OL, (DL), (JL), TL, Carex buxbaumii Wahl. (Buxbaum sedge-brown bog sedge) OL, TB-T; P-common OB, TL, (TB)-Pwt; Wez-infrequent Carex praegracilis W. Boott (clustered field sedge-slim sedge) OB, Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey (thin- sedge) OL, TL, TB­ TB-Orw-sparse T; Pros-frequent Carex prairea Dewey (prairie sedge) TB-Pms-sparse Carex cephalophora Willd. (oval-leaf sedge) OL, OB, TL, (TB)­ #Carex praticola Rydb. (meadow sedge) TB-Pms; Ops-sparse Twf; Pros-common Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. [C. convoluta Mack.] (rosy sedge) Carex conjuncta Boott (soft fox sedge) TL, TB-Twf; Wez,sp­ OL, OB, (DL), TL, TB-Tmf,wf-common frequent Carex sartwellii Dewey (Sartwell's sedge) OB, TB-Pwt; Wez­ Carex crawei Dewey (Crawe's sedge) OB, (DL), TB-Pwt; Orw­ infrequent infrequent Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd. (broom sedge) OB, TL, TB­ Carex cristatella Britton (crested sedge) OL, TL, (TB)-Pwt; W; Pms,wt; Wez-sparse Orw-common Carex shortiana Dewey (Short's sedge) TB-Wez-sparse Carex davisii Schwein. & Torrey (Davis' sedge) OL, (TL), (TB)­ Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd. (burr reed sedge) OL, OB, Twf,ed; Pms-common TL, (TB)-Tmf-common Carex eburnea Boott (bristle-leaf sedge) OL, (DL), TL, (TB)- Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Sprengel (Sprengel's sedge-long-beak Tdf-frequent sedge) OL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common Carex emoryi Dewey (Emory's sedge) TL, TB-W-common Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. var. stipata (owl-fruit sedge-stalk­ Carex frankii Kunth (Frank's sedge) TL-Twf; Wrp-sparse grain sedge) TL, TB-Twf; Wez,sp---infrequent Carex gracillima Schwein. (graceful sedge) TL-Tmf-sparse Carex stricta Lam. (upright sedge-uptight sedge) OB-W Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd. (limestone meadow sedge) Carex suberecta (Olney) Britton (prairie straw sedge) TB-Wez,sp; TB-Twf; Wez,sp---frequent Orw-infrequent Carex gravida Bailey (heavy sedge) OL, (DL), TL, (TB)-Twf,ed; Carex sychnocephala Carey (many-headed sedge) TB-Wez­ P; Orw-common sparse Carex grayi]. Carey (Gray's sedge) TB-Twf-sparse Carex tenera Dewey var. echinodes (Fernald) Wiegand (quill sedge) Carex grisea Wahlenb. [C. amphibola Steudel var. turgida Fern.] TL, TB-Tmf,wf; Pms,wt; Orw-common (inflated narrow-leaf sedge) OL, (DL), TL, (TB)-Twf­ Carex tenera Dewey var. tenera (quill sedge) TL-Pwt-sparse common Carex tetanica Schkuhr (rigid sedge) TB-Pms,wt; Orw­ Carex hirtifolia Mack. (pubescent sedge) OL, OB, (TL), (TB)­ infrequent Tmf-common Carex tribuloides Wahl. var. tribuloides (blunt broom sedge) TL, Carex hitchcockiana Dewey (Hitchcock's sedge) OL, (TL), (TB)­ TB-Twf; Pwt; Wez,md-common Tmf-frequent Carex trichocarpa Schkuhr (hairyfruit sedge) TB-Wsp-sparse Carex hystericina Muhl. (bottlebrush sedge-porcupine sedge) OL, Carex vulpinoidea Michx. (common fox sedge) OB, TL, (TB)­ TB-Pwt; Wez,sp-common Twf; Pwt; Wez; Orw-common Carex inops L. H. Bailey subsp. heliophila (Mack.) Crins (long- Cyperus acuminatus Torrey & Hooker (tapertip flatsedge) TB­ stolon sedge) TB-Ops-sparse Orc-sparse Carex interior Bailey (inland sedge) TB-Wsp-sparse Cyperus bipartitus Torrey [C. rivularis Kunth] (shining flatsedge) Carex jamesii Schwein (James' sedge) TL, (TB)-Tmf-common OB, TL, TB-Wez,rp,md-infrequent Carex lacustris Willd. (hairy sedge-lakebank sedge) OB, TB- Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. (red-rooted flatsedge) OB, TL, TB­ W ez; Orw-frequent Wez,rp,md-common Carex laeviconica Dewey (smooth-cone sedge) OB, TL, TB-Pwt; Cyperus esculentus L. (yellow nutsedge) OL, (DL), TL, TB­ W ez,rp---frequent Wez,rp,md-common Carex leavenworthii Dewey (Leavenworth's sedge) TL, TB­ Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp. lupulinus [C. filiculmis Twd,ed-infrequent Vahl.] (Great Plains flatsedge) TB-Pdr-sparse Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. (hop sedge) OL, TL, (TB)-Twf; Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp. macilentus (Fernald) W ez,rp,md-infrequent Marcks [C. filiculmis Vahl.] (Great Plains flatsedge) TB­ Carex meadii Dewey (Mead's sedge) OB, TL, TB-Pdr,ms; Pdr-sparse Orw-common Cyperus odoratus L. (rusty flatsedge) TL, TB-Wez,rp,md­ Carex mesochorea Mack. (midland sedge) TB-Orc,of-sparse common Carex molesta Mack. ex Bright (troublesome sedge) TL, TB-T; P; Cyperus schweinitzii Torrey (Schweinitz's flatsedge) OB, TB­ Orw ,of-common Twd; Ore-sparse Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. muehlenbergii (Muhlen­ Cyperus squarrosus L. [C. aristatus Rottb.] (bearded flatsedge) TL, berg's sedge) TL-Pms-sparse (TB)-W rp,md-common Carex muskingumensis Schwein. (Muskingum sedge) TL, TB­ Cyperus strigosus L. (false nutsedge) OB, TL, (TB)-Wez,rp,md­ Twf; W ez,md-sparse common 28 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. (needle spike-rush) OB, TB­ Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. (prairie blue-eyed grass) OL, OB, Pwt; W ez; Orw--common (TL), (TB)-Twd; P; Orw-frequent Eleocharis compressa Sulliv. (flatstem spike-rush) OB, (TB)­ JUNCACEAE Wez,md-infrequent juncus arcticus Willd. var. balticus (Willd.) Trautvetter I/. balticus Steudel (bald spike-rush) OL, OB, (TL), Eleocharis erythropoda Willd. var. littoralis Engelm.] (Baltic rush) OB, TL, TB­ (TB)-Wez,md-infrequent Pwt; W ez; Orw-sparse Britton (pale spike-rush) TL-Wez,md­ Eleocharis macrostachya Juncus dudleyi Wieg. (Dudley's rush) OB, TL, (TB)-Pwt; Wez; infrequent Orw-infrequent Eleocharis obtusa (Wild.) Schultes (blunt spike-rush) TL, TB­ Juncus nodosus L. (knotted rush) TB-Pwt; Wez; Orw-sparse Wez,md-infrequent ]uncus tenuis Willd. (poverty rush) OL, JL, TL, (TB)-T; P; Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. S. (common spike-rush) OB, (DL), Ops--common (TB )-Wez,md-infrequent ]uncus torreyi Cov. (Torrey's rush) OB, TL, TB-Pwt; Wez; Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl.) G. C. Tucker [Hemicarpha micrantha Orw--common (Vahl) Pax] (smallflower halfchaff sedge) TL, (TB)­ W rp,md-infrequent LILIACEAE Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigelow) A. Lave & D. Lave [Scirpus Erythronium albidum Nutt. (white trout-lily) OL, OB, (DL), JL, acutus Muhl. ex Bigelow] (hard-stem bulrush) OB, TB­ (TL), TB-Tmf-common Wez-sparse *Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (tiger lily) TB-Orw-sparse Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl.) Palla [Scirpus americanus Pers.] Lilium michiganense Farw. (Michigan lily) OB, TL, TB-Tmf; (common three-square bulrush) TB-Wez,sp-infrequent Orw-infrequent Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. C. Gmel.) Palla [Scirpus validus Lilium philadelphicum L. (wood lily) OB, (DL), (JL), (TB)-P­ Vahl.] (soft-stem bulrush) OL, (DL), (TL), (TB)-Wez­ sparse common Scirpus atrovirens Willd. (green bulrush) OL, TL, (TB)-Wez,sp; MELANTHIACEAE [LILIACEAE, in part) Orw--common Trillium cernuum L. (nodding trillium) (JL)-T Scirpus georgianus R. M. Harper (common bulrush) TL, (TB)­ Trillium nivale Riddell (snow trillium) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), W ez,sp; Orw--common (TB )-Tmf-frequent Scirpus pallidus (Britton) Fern. (cloaked bulrush) OB, TL, (TB)­ Trillium recurvatum Beck (prairie trillium) TL-Tmf,wf,wd­ W ez,sp; Orw-infrequent sparse Scirpus pendulus Muhl. (rufous bulrush) OB, TB-Wez; Orw­ ORCHIDACEAE frequent Coeloglossum viride (1.) Hartman (long-bracted orchid) OL, OB, DIOSCOREACEAE (DL), JL, TL-Tmf-infrequent Dioscorea villosa L. (wild yam) TL, (TB)-Tmf-common Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. (fall coral-root orchid) OB, JL, TL, (TB)-Tmf-frequent HEMEROCALLIDACEAE [LILIACEAE, in part) Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury var. pubescens (Willd.) 0. W. *Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. (orange daylily) TL, (TB)-T; P; Wrp; Knight [C. calceolus L. var. pubescens (Willd.) Correll] (yellow Orw--common lady's-slipper orchid) (JL)-T Cypripedium reginae Walter (showy lady's-slipper orchid) OL, HY ACINTHACEAE [LILIACEAE, in part) (DL)-T *Ornithogalum umbellatum L. (sleepy Dick) TL, TB-Tmf; Orw­ Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. (showy orchis) OL, OB, (DL), JL, sparse (TL), (TB)-Tmf-frequent *Seil/a siberica Haworth (Siberian squill) TL, TB-Twf; Our­ Liparis liliifolia (1.) L. C. Rich. ex Lindley (lily-leaved twayblade sparse orchid) OB, TL-Tmf,wf-sparse HYDROCHARITACEAE [includes NAJADACEAE) Liparis loeselii (L.) L. C. Rich. (Loesel's twayblade orchid) TL, Elodea canadensis Michx. (Canadian waterweed) TB-Wsz­ TB-Twd,ed; Pms; Wez-frequent sparse Spiranthes cernua (1.) L. C. Rich. (nodding lady's tresses orchid) Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt (nodding waternymph) OB, TL-Twd-sparse TB-Wsz-sparse Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak (Great Plains lady's tresses Najas guadalupensis (Sprengel) Magnus (southern waternymph) orchid) OB, TL, TB-Twd,ed; Pms,wt; Wez; Orw-frequent TB-Wsz-sparse Spiranthes ova/is Lindley (October lady's tresses orchid) TL, TB- Twd,ed-frequent HYPOXIDACEAE [LILIACEAE, in part) Hypoxis hirsuta (1.) Cov. (common goldstar) OL, OB, (DL), JL, POACEAE TB, (TL)-Twd; Pms-sparse *Aegilops cylindrica Host (goatgrass) OB-0 *Agrostis gigantea Roth (redtop) OL, OB, TL, (TB)-T; P; W; IRIDACEAE 0-common *Belamcanda chinensis (1.) DC. (blackberry-lily) TL, TB­ Agrostis hyemalis (Walter) B. S. P. (ticklegrass) (DL), TL­ Tmf,wf-infrequent Tdf,wd-sparse *Iris germanica L. (German iris) TL, (TB)-Ted; 0--common Agrostis perennans (Walter) Tuckerman (upland bentgrass) OL, *Iris pseudacorus L. (yellow flag ) TL, TB-Twf; Wez.rp; 0- (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf--common sparse Agrostis scabra Willd. [A. hyemalis (Walter) B. S. P. var. tenuiJ Iris virginica L. (southern blue flag) TL, TB-Pwt; Wez,md; (Tuckerman) Gl.] (hairgrass) OL, (DL), TL-Twd,ed; Pms­ Orw-frequent sparse BOONE COUNTY FLORA 29

*Agrostis stolonifera L. (creeping bentgrass) (DL), TB-Our­ Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schultes) Gould subsp. scribnerianum sparse (Nash) Gould (Scribner's panicgrass) OB, JL, TB, (TL)-Twd; Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. (shortawn foxtail) OB-W Pdr,ms; Orw,rc-common Alopecurus carolinianus Walter (meadow foxtail) TB-Wez; Dichanthelium ovale (Ell.) Gould & C. A. Clark subsp. praecocius Ocr ,of-sparse (Hitchc. & Chase) Freckmann & Lelong (D. acuminatum (Sw.) *Alopecurus pratensis L. (meadow foxtail) TL, TB-Orw-sparse Gould & Clark var. villosum (Gray) Gould & Clark] (eggleaf Andropogon gerardii Vitman (big bluestem) OL, OB, (DL), JL, rosettegrass) OL, OB, TB-Pdr-common (TL), (TB)-Twd; P-common Dichanthelium perlongum (Nash) Freckmann (long-stalked panic­ Aristida dichotoma Michx. var. curtissii Gray (Curtis' threeawn) grass) TB-Pdr-sparse TB-Pdr-sparse Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vasey) Freckmann [D. oligosanthes Aristida longespica Poir. var. geniculata (Raf.) Fern. (Kearney's (Schultes) Gould var. wilcoxianum (Vasey) Gould & Clark] threeawn) TB-Pdr-sparse (Wilcox's panicgrass) OB, TB-Pdr-sparse Aristida oligantha Michx. (prairie threeawn grass) OB, TL, TB­ *Digitaria ischaemum (Schreber ex Schweigger) Schreber ex Muhl. Twd; Pdr; Ore-frequent (smooth crabgrass) OL, (DL), (TL), (TB)-0-common *Avena fatua L. (wild oats) OB-0 *Digitaria sanguinalis (1.) Scop. (common crabgrass) OL, OB, Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torrey (side-oats grama) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Ted; Wrp; 0-common JL, (TL), (TB)-Pdr-common Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene (saltgrass) OB-P Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex HBK.) Lag. ex Steudel (blue grama) *Echinochloa crusgalli (1.) Beauv. (barnyardgrass) (DL), JL, TL, TB-Pdr-sparse (TB)-Wrp,md; 0-common Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. (hairy grama) TB-Pdr-sparse Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. (rough barnyardgrass) OB, TL, Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreber) Beauv. (bearded shorthusk) OL, (TB)-Wrp,md; 0-common OB, TL, (TB)-Tmf-frequent *Eleusine indica (1.) Gaertner (goosegrass) TL, (TB)-0- *Bromus inermis Leysser (smooth brome) OL, JL, (TL), (TB)-T; common P; W; 0-common Elymus canadensis L. var. canadensis [E. canadensis L.] (Canada *Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murray (Japanese brome) OB, TL, wildrye) OB, (DL), JL, TL, (TB)-P; Orw-common TB-Our,of-infrequent #Elymus glaucus Buckley (blue wildrye) TL, TB-Ted; Pms­ Bromus latiglumis (Shear) A. S. Hitchc. (hairy woodbrome) OL, sparse OB, TL, (TB)-Tmf,wd,ed-infrequent Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix [Hystrix patula (1.) Moench.] Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. (Canada brome) OL, OB, (DL), (bottlebrush grass) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common TL, (TB)-Tmf-infrequent Elymus macgregorii R. Brooks & ]. ]. N. Campb. (MacGregor's *Bromus secalinus L. (chess) TL, TB-Our,of-sparse wildrye) OB-P *Bromus tectorum L. (downy chess) TL, (TB)-0-common *Elymus repens (1.) Gould [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] (quack­ ~Buchloe· dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. (buffalograss) TL, TB- grass) OL, OB, (JL), TL, (TB)-T; P; W; 0-common Our ,rw-sparse Elymus riparius Wieg. (eastern riverbank wild rye) JL, TL-Twf; Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. (bluejoint grass) TL, Wrp-sparse TB-Pwt; Wez-common Elymus submuticus (Hooker) Smyth (awnless wildrye) OB-P Calamagrostis stricta (Timm.) Koeler subsp. inexpansa (A. Gray) C. Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners [Agropyron trachy­ W. Greene [C. inexpansa Gray) (northern reedgrass) OB, TB­ caulum (Link) Malte) (slender wheatgrass) OB-P Pwt; W ez-sparse Elymus villosus Muhl. var. villosus [E. villosus Muhl.] (slender Cenchrus longispinus (Hackel) Fern. (sandbur) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), wildrye) OB, JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common (TB)-0-common Elymus virginicus L. var. intermedius (Vasey ex A. Gray) Bush *Chloris verticillata Nutt. (windmillgrass) TB-Our,rc-sparse Cinna arundinacea L. (woodreed) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)­ (Virginia wildrye) JL-P Tmf,wf; Wrp,sp-common Elymus virginicus L. var. virginicus (E. virginicus L.] (Virginia *Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass) JL, (TL), (TB)-T; P; W; wildrye) OL, OB, (DL), TB, (TL)-T; P; W; 0-common 0-common Elymus wiegandii Fem. (Wiegand's wildrye) OB-P (1.) Danthonia spicata (1.) Beauv. ex R. & S. (poverty oatgrass) OL, Eragrostis capillaris Nees (lacegrass) OL, (DL), TL, (TB)­ OB, (DL), TB, (TL)-Tdf-common W rp; 0-infrequent Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg [D. americana Beauv.] *Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Link ex E. Mosher (stinkgrass) OB, (obovate beakgrain) OL, OB, JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common (DL), TL, (TB)-0-common Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark subsp. Eragrostis frankii C. A. Meyer ex Steudel (lacegrass) OL, (DL), TL, fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann & Lelong [D. acuminatum (Sw.) TB-Wrp-sparse Gould & Clark] (tapered rosettegrass) OL, OB, TL, TB-T; Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P. (pony grass) OL, OB, (DL), P-common (TL), (TB)-Wrp-common Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark subsp. implicatum *Eragrostis minor Host (little lovegrass) OB, TL-Wrp-sparse (Scribner) Freckmann & Lelong [D. acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. (tufted lovegrass) OB, Clark var. implicatum (Scribner) Gould & Clark (western TL, (TB)-Wrp; 0-common panicgrass) OL, OB, TB, (TL)-T; P-common Eragrostis pilosa (1.) Beauv. (India lovegrass) OB, (DL)-W Dichanthelium latifolium (1.) Gould & Clark (broadleaved Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steudel (purple lovegrass) TL, TB­ panicgrass) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common Pdr; Ore-sparse Dichanthelium leibergii (Vasey) Freckm. (Leiberg's panicgrass) OB, *Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth (cupgrass) OB, TL, (TB)­ TL, (TB)-Twd,ed-sparse Ocr,rc,of-common Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould subsp. oligosanthes (few­ Festuca ovina L. (sheep fescue) TL-Twd; Our-sparse flowered panicgrass) TB-Pdr-infrequent Festuca paradoxa Desv. (cluster fescue) OB-P 30 )OUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

*Festuca rubra L. (red fescue) OB, TL, TB-Twd; Our,ps­ *Poa annua L. (annual bluegrass) OL, TL, (TB)-0-common infrequent *Poa bulbosa L. (bulbous bluegrass) TL, TB-0-sparse Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) E. B. Alexeev [F. obtusa Biehler] * L. (Canadian bluegrass) OL, OB, TL, (TB)-T; P; (nodding fescue) OL, OB, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common W rp; 0-common *Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) Krajina (hard fescue) TL, TB-Twd; *Poa nemoralis L. (wood bluegrass) OB-T Oof-sparse Poa palustris L. (fowl meadow grass) TL-Twf-sparse Glyceria grandis S. Watson (American mannagrass) TL-Wrp­ *Poa pratensis L. ( bluegrass) OL, OB, (DL), JL, TB, sparse (TL)-T; P; W; 0-common Glyceria striata (Lam.) A. S. Hitchc. (fowl mannagrass) OL, OB, Poa sylvestris Gray (woodland bluegrass) OB, TL, TB-Twf-sparse (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Twf; Wez,rp,md,sp-common *Puccinellia distans (L.) Pad. (weeping alkaligrass) TB-Wmd; Hesperostipa spartea Trin. [Stipa spartea Trin.] (porcupinegrass) OB, Ore-sparse TB-Pdr; Orw-common *Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub [Festuca arundinacea Schreber] Hierochloif odorata (1.) Beauv. (sweetgrass) TB-Pms-sparse (alta fescue) OB, JL, TB, (TL)-T; Wrp; 0-common Hordeum jubatum L. (squirrel-tail barley) OL, OB, JL, (TL), *Schedonorus pratensis (Hudson) P. Beauv. [Festuca pratensis (TB)-Pms,wt; 0-common Hudson] (meadow fescue) OB-P #Hordeum pusillum Nutt. (little barley) TL, (TB)-Our,rc­ Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash (little bluestem) OL, JL, frequent (TL), (TB)-Pdr-common Leersia oryzoides (1.) Sw. (rice cutgrass) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), *Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv. (common hardgrass) TL, TB-Our­ (TB)-Twf; Pwt; Wez,rp-common sparse Leersia virginica Willd. (white cutgrass) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), *Secale cereale L. (cultivated rye) OB, (TB)-0-sparse (TB)-Twf; Pwt; Wez,rp-common *Setaria faberi Herrm. (giant foxtail) OB, JL, TB, (TL)­ Leptochloa fusca (1.) Kunth subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow [L. Wrp,md; Ocr-common fascicularis (Lam.) Gray] (salt meadow grass) TL, TB­ *Setaria italica (1.) Beauv. (foxtail millet) OB-0 W rp,md; Orw-common *Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. pumila [S. lutescens *Lolium multiflorum Lam. (annual ryegrass) TL, (TB)-0-sparse Hubb.] (yellow foxtail) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-Wrp; 0- *Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) TL, (TB)-Wrp; 0- common sparse *Setaria verticillata (L.) Beauv. (bristly foxtail) OL, OB, TB­ *Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hackel (plumegrass) OB, TL, Orw-sparse TB-Ted; Orw-frequent *Setaria viridis (1.) Beauv. var. major (Gaud.) Posp. (giant green Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyer) Parodi (scratchgrass) OB, foxtail) TB-Wrp,md; Ocr-infrequent TB-Pwt-sparse *Setaria viridis (1.) Beauv. var. viridis [S. viridis (1.) Beauv.] (green Muhlenbergia bushii Pohl (nodding muhly) OB-T foxtail) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Wrp; 0-common Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torrey) Rydb. (plains muhly) TB-Pdr­ Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash (Indiangrass) OL, OB, (DL), JL, infrequent (TL), (TB)-P; Orw-common Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poirer) Fern. (wirestem muhly) OB, TL, *Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (sorghum) OB, (TB)-Ocr,rw­ (TB)-T; P; W; Orw-common sparse Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. (Mexican muhly) OB, (DL), JL, *Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnsongrass) TB-Ocr,rw-sparse TL, (TB)-Tmf-infrequent Spartina pectinata Link (prairie cordgrass) OB, TB-Pwt; Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. (green muhly) OL, OB, Wez,md; Orw-common (DL), JL, TL, TB-Tmf; Orw,rc-common Sphenopholis intermedia Rydb. [S. obtusata (Michx.) Scribner var. Muhlenbergia schreberi J. F. Gmelin (nimblewill) OL, (TL), (TB)­ major (Torrey) K. S. Erdman] (slender wedgegrass) OL, OB, T; P; W; 0-common (DL), (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. (rock muhly) OL, OB, TL­ Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribner (prairie wedgegrass) OB, Tmf-frequent TL, TB-Pms-sparse Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) B. S. P. (slender muhly) (DL), TL, Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. [S. asper (Michx.) Kunth] (tall (TB)-Tmf-frequent dropseed) OB, TL, (TB)-Pms; Orw-common Panicum capillare L. subsp. capillare [P. capillare L.] (witchgrass) Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torrey) Gray (sand dropseed) TB-Orc­ OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)-Wrp; 0-common infrequent Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. (kneegrass) OB, TL, (TB)-Wrp; Sporobolus heterolepis (Gray) Gray (prairie dropseed) OB, TB­ 0-common Pdr-sparse Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-P; Sporobolus neglectus Nash (puffsheath dropseed) OB, TL, (TB)- Orw-common 0-infrequent Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love [Agropyron smithii Rydb.] Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torrey ex Gray) Wood (poverty dropseed) (western wheatgrass) OB, TB-P; Orw-common OL, (TL), (TB)-0-frequent Paspalum setaceum Michx. (beadgrass) TB-Ore-sparse Tridens flavus (L.) A. S. Hitchc. (purpletop grass) TL, TB-Pms; Phalaris arundinacea L. (canary grass) OB, JL, (TL), (TB)-Twf; Orw-infrequent Pwt; Wez,rp; Orw-common *Triticum aestivum L. (cultivated wheat) OB, (TB)-0-sparse *Phleum pratense L. (timothy) OL, OB, (DL), (JL), (TL), (TB)-T; Vulpia octoflora (Walter) Rydb. (sixweeks fescue) TL, TB- P; W; 0-common Tdf,wd; Ore-infrequent Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel (reed grass) OB, TB­ *Zoysia japonica Steud. (Korean lawngrass) TB-Our-sparse Pwt; W ez; Orw-infrequent Piptatherum racemosum (Sm.) Eaton [Oryzopsis racemosa (]. E. Smith) PONTEDERIACEAE Ricker] (black-seeded ricegrass) OB, JL, TL, (TB)-Tmf­ Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. (grassleaf mudplantain) TB­ infrequent W ez,sz,md-sparse BOONE COUNTY FLORA 31

Pontederia cordata L. (pickerelweed) OB-W *Amaranthus hybridus L. (green amaranth) OB, TB-Orw-sparse #Amaranthus powellii S. Wats. (Powell's amaranth) OB, TB­ POTAMOGETONACEAE Orw-sparse *Potamogeton crispus L. (curled pondweed) TB-Wsz-sparse *Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) OB, (DL), TL, TB- Potamogeton foliosus Raf. (leafy pondweed) OB, TB-Wsz- 0---common sparse Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer (tall water-hemp) OB, TL, Potamogeton illinoensis Morong (Illinois pondweed) TB-Wsz­ (TB )-0---common sparse Atriplex patula L. (spearscale) TL, (TB)-Ted; 0---common Potamogeton nodosus Poiret (long-leaf pondweed) TB-Wsz­ sparse *Chenopodium album L. (lamb's-quarters) OB, (DL), JL, TL, (TB)-T; P; W; 0---common Potamogeton pusillus L. (small pondweed) TL, TB-Wsz-sparse Potamogeton zosteriformis Fern. (flatstem pondweed) TB-Wsz­ Chenopodium album L. var. missouriense (Aellen) I. ]. Bassett & C. sparse W. Crompton [C. missouriensis Aellen] (Missouri lambsquar­ ters) TL-Twf-sparse Stuckenia pectinata (1.) Borner [Potamogeton pectinatus L.] (sago­ pondweed) TB-Wsz-sparse Moq. (pitseed goosefoot) TL, (TB)-Twf; 0-infrequent RUSCACEAE [LILIACEAE in part] *Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. (good King Henry) TB-Our­ *Convallaria majalis L. (European lily-of-the-valley) OB, TL, sparse TB-Ted-sparse *Chenopodium glaucum L. (oak-leaf goosefoot) TB-Orw,rc-sparse Maianthemum racemosum (1.) Link [Smilacina racemosa (1.) Desf.] *Chenopodium murale L. (nettle-leaf goosefoot) TB-Orw,rc­ (large false Solomon's-seal) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ sparse Tmf--common Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. [C. desiccatum A. Nelson] (narrow­ Maianthemum stellatum (1.) Link [Smilacina stellata (1.) Desf.] leaf goosefoot) TB-Ted; 0-frequent (little false Solomon's-seal) JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf--common Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Raf. [C. hybridum L.] (mapleleaf Polygonatum bi/forum (Walters) Ell. (giant Solomon's seal) OB, goosefoot) OL, TL, (TB)-0-frequent (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,ed; Orw-common Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen (Standley's goosefoot) JL, TL, (TB )-Tmf,wf--common SMILACACEAE [LILIACEAE in part] *Chenopodium urbicum L. (city goosefoot) OB-0 Smilax ecirrhata S. Watson (upright carrion-) (DL),

Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C. B. Clarke (Clayton's sweetroot) Ambrosia trifida L. (giant ragweed) OL, OB,JL, (TL), (TB)-T; P; OL, OB, (DL), JL, TL, (TB)-Tmf,wf-common W; 0--common Osmorhiza longistylis (Torrey) DC. (longstyle sweetroot) (DL), TL, Antennaria neglecta Greene (field pussytoes) OB, JL, (TL), (TB)­ (TB)-Tmf,wf-common Tdf; Pdr-common Oxypolis rigidior (1.) Raf. (stiff cowbane) OB, TB-Pwt; Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hooker (plantain-leaved pussytoes) W ez,md,sp---sparse OL, (DL), (TL), (TB)-Tdf-common *Pastinaca sativa L. (wild parsnip) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), *Anthemis cotula L. (stinking chamomile) OB, TB-Orc,ps­ (TB)-T; P; W; 0--common sparse Sanicula canadensis L. (Canadian blacksnakeroot) OL, (TL), (TB)­ *Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. (lesser burdock) (DL), TL, (TB)-T; Tmf,wf-common P; 0--common Sanicula odorata (Raf.) K. M. Pryer & L. R. Phillippe [S. gregaria Arnoglossum plantagineum Raf. [Cacalia plantaginea (Raf.) Shinners] Bickn.] (clustered blacksnakeroot) OL, OB, JL, (TL), (TB)­ (groovestem Indian plantain) (DL), TB-Twd,ed; Pdr,ms­ Tmf,wf-common sparse Sium suave Walter (hemlock waterparsnip) TB-Wez-sparse *Artemisia absinthium L. (common wormwood) OB, TB-Pms; T aenida integerrima (L.) Drude (yellow pimpernel) OL, (DL), JL, Orw-sparse TB, (TL)-Tdf-infrequent #Artemisia biennis Willd. (biennial wormwood) OB, TL, (TB)­ Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. (hairyjoint meadowparsnip) Twf; W rp-infrequent TB-Twf,ed-sparse Artemisia campestris L. subsp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem. (field *Tori/is arvensis (Hudson) Link (spreading hedgeparsley) TB­ sagewort) TB-Pdr; Ops-sparse Ted; Ocr-sparse Artemisia dracunculus L. (wild tarragon) TB-Pdr-sparse Zizia aurea (L.) Koch (golden zizia) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. (white sage) TL, (TB)-Pdr,ms; (TB)-T; P-common Orw-common APOCYNACEAE [includes ASCLEPIACEACEAE) *Artemisia vulgaris L. (common mugwort) TL-Twf; Wrp--­ Apocynum androsaemifolium L. (spreading dogbane) (DL), TL, sparse (TB)-Twd,ed-sparse Ridens aristosa (Michx.) Britton (bearded beggarticks) TL, TB­ Apocynum cannabinum L. [Syn.-A. sibiricum Jacq.] (Indianhemp) Pms,wt-sparse OL, OB, (DL), JL, TL, TB-Twf; P; W; 0--common Ridens cernua L. (nodding beggartick) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Asclepias incarnata L. (swamp milkweed) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)-Twf, Wez,rp,md-common (TB)-Pwt; Wrp,md,sp-common Ridens connata Muhl. ex Willd. (purplestem beggarticks) TL, Asclepias purpurascens L. (purple milkweed) OL, TL-Tmf,wf­ (TB)-Twf; Pwt; Wez,rp,md-common sparse Ridens frondosa L. (devil's beggartick) OB, (DL), JL, TL, (TB)­ Asclepias sullivantii Engelm. (prairie milkweed) OB, TB­ Twf; Pwt; W ez,rp,md,sp-common Pms,wt-sparse Ridens tripartita L. (threelobe beggarticks) OB, TL, (TB)-Twf; Asclepias syriaca L. (common milkweed) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Pwt; W ez,rp,md,sp---common (TB)-T; P; W; 0--common Ridens vulgata Greene (big devil's beggartick) OB, TL, TB-Twf; Asclepias tuberosa L. ssp. interior Woodson (butterfly milkweed) Pwt; W ez,rp,md,sp-common OB, TL, (TB)-Pms,wt-infrequent Roltonia asteroides (L.) L'Her (white doll's-daisy) (DL), TB­ Asclepias verticillata L. (whorled milkweed) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), W ez,md-sparse (TB)-T; P; 0--common Rrickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners (false boneset) OB, (DL), TL, Asclepias viridiflora Raf. (green comet milkweed) OB, TB­ (TB)-Tdf; Pdr-common Twd,ed-sparse *Carduus acanthoides L. (plumeless thistle) TB-Ops-sparse Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. (honeyvine) TL, (TB)-Twf- *Carduus nutans L. (musk thistle) OB, TL, (TB)-Twf; 0- infrequent common *Vinca minor L. (common periwinkle) TB-Twf,wd-sparse *Centaurea cyanus L. (garden cornflower) OB-0 *Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow star-thistle) OB-0 ARALIACEAE *Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek [C. maculosa Aralia nudicaulis L. (wild sarsaparilla) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Lam.] (spotted knapweed) TB-Orw,ps-sparse (TB)-Tmf.wf; Wsp-infrequent *Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) OB, TL, (TB)-0-frequent Aralia racemosa L. (American spikenard) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Cirsium altissimum (L.) Sprengel (tall thistle) OB, (DL), (TB)­ (TB)-Tmf,wf; Wsp---infrequent P-frequent *Eleutherococcus pentaphyllus (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai [Acanthopa­ *Cirsium arvense (1.) Scop. (Canada thistle) OB, TL, (TB)-T; P; nax sieboldianus Makino] (ginseng) JL, TL-Tmf-sparse W; 0-common Panax quinquefolius L. [P. quinquefolium L.) (American ginseng) OL, (DL), JL, TL, (TB)-Tmf-sparse Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Sprengel (field thistle) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T; P; W; 0--common ASTERACEAE Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. (wavyleaf thistle) OB-P Achillea millefolium L. (common yarrow) OL, OB, (DL), JL, TB, *Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore (bull thistle) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)­ (TL)-Twd,ed; P; 0--common T; P; W; 0--common (L.) King & H. E. Robins. var. altissima canadensis (L.) Cronq. (Canadian horseweed) OL, OB, [ rugosum Houtt.] (white snakeroot) OB, JL, (TL), (DL), (TL), (TB)-T; P; W; 0-common (TB)-T; P; 0--common Conyza ramosissima Cronq. (dwarf horseweed) TB-Ore-sparse Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (annual ragweed) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), #Coreopsis lanceolata L. (tickseed coreopsis) TB-Pms-sparse (TB)-T; P; W; 0--common Coreopsis palmata Nutt. (stiff tickseed) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), Ambrosia psilostachya DC. (Cuman ragweed) TB-Pms-sparse (TB)-Pms-infrequent BOONE COUNTY FLORA 33

#Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. (golden tickseed) OB, TB-Orw­ Hieracium umbellatum L. [H. canadense Michx.] (narrowleaf sparse hawkweed) OB, (TB)-Tmf,wd-sparse Coreopsis tripteris L. (tall tickseed) OL, (TL)-Pms-sparse canadensis L. (Canada lettuce) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-T; P; Cydachaena xanthifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. [ xanthifolia Nutt.] W; 0-common (giant sumpweed) OL, OB-P Lactuca floridana (1.) Gaertner (woodland lettuce) (DL), TL, Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees var. pubens (A. Gray) Britton (TB)-T-common [Aster pubentior Cronq.] (aster pubescent) TB-Wsp-sparse Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) Riddell (biennial lettuce) TL, TB­ Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees var. umbellata [Aster umbellatus Pms,wt-sparse Miller] (tall flat-topped white aster TB-Wsp-sparse *Lactuca serriola L. (prickly lettuce) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-T; P; Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) A. S. Hitchc. (dogweed) (JL), TB­ W; 0-common Orw-sparse Lactuca tatarica (1.) C. A. Mey. var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. (pale purple coneflower) OL, OB, (blue lettuce) OB, (TB)-P-sparse (TL), (TB )-Pdr,ms-frequent *Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. (ox-eye daisy) TL, (TB)-0-sparse -Echinacea purpurea (1.) Moench (eastern purple coneflower) TL, Liatris aspera Michx. (rough gayfeather) OL, OB, (TL), (TB)­ (TB)-Ted-sparse Tdf,wd; Pdr,ms-infrequent Eclipta prostrata (1.) L. [E. alba (1.) Hassk.] (false daisy) TL, TB­ Liatris pycnostachya Michx. (prairie gayfeather) OB, (DL), TL, Wrp; Ocr-infrequent (TB)-Pms,wt-infrequent Erechtites hieraciifolius (1.) Raf. ex DC. [Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) *Ligularia przewalski (Maxim.) Diels (Shavalski's ligularia) OL- Raf. ex DC.] (American burnweed) TL, (TB)-Twf,wd,ed; 0 W rp; 0-frequent *Matricaria discoidea DC. [M. matricarioides (Less.) Porter] (disc annuus (1.) Pers. (eastern daisy fleabane) OL, (DL), JL, mayweed) OL, (DL), (TL), (TB)-0-common (TL), (TB)-T; P; Wrp; 0-common Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene (prairie false dandelion) Erigeron philadelphicus L. (Philadelphia fleabane) OL, (DL), JL, OB-P (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf; Wrp-common Packera aurea (1.) A. & D. Love [Senecio aureus L.] (golden ragwort) Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. (prairie fleabane) TL, (TB)­ OB-P; 0 Tdf; Pdr--<:ommon Packera paupercula (Michx.) A. & D. LOve [Senecio pauperculus Michx.] (balsam groundsel) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-Pms­ Eupatorium altissimum L. (tall thoroughwort) OB, TL, (TB)­ sparse Pms,wt; Orw-frequent Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W. A. Weber & Love [Senecio Eupatorium perfoliatum L. (common boneset) OB, (DL), (TB)­ A. plattensis Nutt.] (prairie groundsel) OB, TL, (TB)-Tdf; Pwt; W-common Pdr ,ms-common Euthamia graminifolia (1.) Nurt. ex Cass. (common goldentop) Packera pseudaurea (Rydb.) W. A. Weber & A. LOve var. OB, TB-Pms,wt-frequent semicordata (Mack. & Bush) Track & T. M. Barkley [Senecio Eutrochium maculatum (1.) E. E. Lamont [Eupatorium maculatum L.] pseudaureus Rydb.] (falsegold groundsel) OB, TL, TB-Pwt­ (spotted Joepyeweed) TB-Wsp-infrequent sparse Eutrochium purpureum (1.) E. E. Lamont [Eupatorium purpureum L.] Prenanthes alba L. (white rattlesnakeroot) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (sweetscented Joepyeweed) (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T; P­ (TB)-T-common common Prenanthes aspera Michx. (rough rattlesnakeroot) OB-P #Gaillardia pulchella Foug. (firewheel) TB-Pms-sparse Prenanthes racemosa Michx. (purple rattlesnakeroot) OB, (TB)­ *Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (gallant soldier) TB-Wrp; Our­ Pms-infrequent sparse Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & Burtt ssp. obtusifo­ *Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavon (shaggy soldier) TB­ lium [Gnaphalium obtusifolium L.] (eastern rabbit-tobacco) JL, Our-sparse TL, (TB)-Tdf,wd ; Pdr; Orc,of-frequent Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (curlycup gumweed) OB, TB­ Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton & Standley (upright prairie Orc,ps-sparse coneflower) TB-Orw-sparse Helenium autumnale L. (common sneezeweed) (DL), TL, TB­ Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. (pinnate prairie coneflower) OB, Pms,wt-infrequent JL, (TL), (TB)-Pms; Orw-common annuus L. (common sunflower) OB, TB-0-common Rudbeckia hirta L. (black-eyed Susan) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Helianthus grosseserratus Martens (sawtooth sunflower) OB, (DL), (TB)-T; P; W; 0-common JL, (TL), (TB)-Ted; P; 0-common Rudbeckia laciniata L. (cutleaf coneflower) OL, (TL), (TB)­ Helianthus maximiliani Schrader (Maximilian sunflower) TL, Tmf,wf-common TB-Pms-sparse Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh (sweet coneflower) JL, TL-Pms; Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. subsp. pauciflorus [H. rigidus (Cass) Wrp-sparse Desf.] (stiff sunflower) TL, TB-Pms,wt-frequent Rudbeckia triloba L. (brown-eyed Susan) JL, (TL), (TB)-Twf; Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. subsp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) 0. Pwt; W; 0-common Spring & E. E. Schill. (stiff sunflower) TB-Pms,wt-sparse *Senecio vulgaris L. (common groundsel) OB, TL-Our-sparse Helianthus strumosus L. (rough sunflower) OL, (DL), (TL), (TB)­ Silphium integrifolium Michx. (wholeleaf rosinweed) OB, TL, T-common TB-Pms-infrequent Helianthus tuberosus L. () OL, (DL), JL, (TL), L. (compass plant) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)­ (TB)-T; P; W; 0-common Pms-common Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (smooth ox-eye) OL, OB, (DL), Silphium perfoliatum L. (cup plant) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ (TL), (TB)-Pms-frequent Tmf,wf; Pwt; W-common Hieracium scabrum Michx. (rough hawkweed) OL, TL-Tdf,mf­ Solidago canadensis L. (Canada goldenrod) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-T; sparse P; W; 0-common 34 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

Solidago flexicaulis L. (zig-zag goldenrod) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindi. ex D. C.) G. L. Nesom [Aster (TB )--Tmf-common sagittifolius Willd.] (arrowleaf aster) (DL), TL, (TB)-­ Solidago gigantea Aiton (giant goldenrod) OL, OB, (TL), (TB)-T; Tdf,mf-common P; W; 0-common *Tanacetum vulgare L. (tansy) OL, OB, (DL)-0 Solidago hispida Muhl. (hairy goldenrod) JL, TL-Tmf-sparse *Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrzejowski ex Besser [T. laevigatum Solidago missouriensis Nutt. (Missouri goldenrod) OB, (JL), (TB)-­ (Willd.) DC.] (red-seeded dandelion) TL-Our-sparse P-sparse *Taraxacum officinale Weber (common dandelion) OB, (DL), JL, Solidago nemoralis Aiton (gray goldenrod) OL, OB, JL, TL, (TB)-­ (TL), (TB)-T; P; W; 0-common Tdf; Pdr-frequent *Tragopogon dubius Scop. (yellow salsify) JL, (TB)-0-common Solidago riddellii Frank (Riddell's goldenrod) OB, (TB)-Pwt­ Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton (wingstem) JL, (TL), (TB)­ sparse Tmf; Wsp-infrequent Solidago rigida L. (stiff goldenrod) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)-T; Vernonia baldwinii Torrey (Baldwin's ironweed) TL, (TB)-­ P; W; 0-common Pms,wt; Orw-infrequent Solidago speciosa Nutt. (showy goldenrod) OL, OB, TB-Orw­ Vernonia baldwinii Torrey X V. fasciculata Michx. (Baldwin's sparse ironweed X prairie ironweed) TL-Pms-sparse Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. (elm-leaf goldenrod) OL, (DL), Vernonia fasciculata Michx. (prairie ironweed) OB, TL, (TB)-­ JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common Pms,wt-infrequent *Sonchus arvensis L. (field sow-thistle) OB, TB-Orw-common *Xanthium strumarium L. (cocklebur) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)-­ *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (spiny-leaf sow-thistle) JL, TL, TB-0- Twf; W rp; 0-common common BALSAMINACEAE *Sonchus oleraceus L. (common sow-thistle) (DL), TB-Our­ Impatiens capensis Meerb. (jewel weed) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-­ sparse Twf; Pwt; Wez,sp-common Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G. L. Nesom [Aster cordifolius L.] Impatiens pallida Nutt. (pale touch-me-not) OL, OB, (DL), (common blue wood aster) OL, OB, (DL), JL, TL, (TB)-T­ (TB)-Twf; Pwt Wez,sp-common common Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G. L. Nesom X S. urophyllum BERBERIDACEAE (Lindi. ex D. C.) G. L. Nesom (blue wood aster X arrow­ *Berberis thunbergii DC. (Japanese barberry) JL, (TL), (TB)-­ leaved aster) TL-T-sparse Tmf,wf-infrequent Symphyotrichum drummondii (Lindi. ex Hook.) G. L. Nesom ssp. *Berberis vulgaris L. (common barberry) OB-T drummondii [Aster drummondii Lindley] (Drummond's aster) Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. (blue cohosh) OB, JL, (TL), OB, TL, (TB)-T-common (TB)-Tmf-frequent Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G. L. Nesom [Aster ericoides L.] (white Podophyllum peltatum L. (May-apple) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), heath aster) OB, TL, (TB)-Pms; Orw-common (TB)-Tmf-common Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A. LOve & D. Love [Aster laevis L.] BETULACEAE (smooth aster) OL, OB, (TL), (TB)-Tdf,ms; Orw-common Carpinus caroliniana Walter (American hornbeam) OL, OB, (DL), Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom [Aster lanceolatus JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common Willd.] (white panicled aster) OB, (JL), TB-Twf,wd; Wez­ Cory/us americana Walter (American hazelnut) OL, OB, (DL), JL, frequent (TL), (TB)--Twd,ed-frequent Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. Love & D. Love [Aster Ostrya virginiana (P. Miller) K. Koch (ironwood) OL, OB, (DL), lateriflorus (L.) Britton] (calico aster) OB, JL, TL, (TB)­ JL, (TL), (TB)-Tdf,mf-common Tmf,wf-common Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G. L. Nesom [Aster novae-angliae BIGNONIACEAE L.] (New England aster) OL, OB, (TL), (TB)-P-common #Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau (trumpet creeper) TL, Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) G. L. Nesom [Aster oblongi­ (TB )-Twf; Orw-infrequent folius Nutt.] (aromatic aster) TB-Pdr-sparse #Catalpa speciosa Warder (northern catalpa) JL, (TL), (TB)-T­ Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) G. L. Nesom var. ontarionis sparse [Aster ontarionis Wieg.] (bottomland aster) OB, TL, (TB)-­ [includes HYDROPHYLLACEAE] Twf; Wrp-common *Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I. M. Johnst. [ arvense L.] Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G. L. Nesom [Aster azureus (corn gromwell) TB-Orw-sparse Lindley] (skyblue aster) OB, (JL), TL, (TB)-Twd; Pdr,ms­ *Cynoglossum officinale L. (gypsyflower) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-­ infrequent Twd,ed-infrequent Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom [Aster pilosus Willd.] *Echium vulgare L. (common viper's bugloss) TB-Orc,ps­ (hairy white oldfield aster) TL, (TB)--Twf; P; 0-common sparse Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) G. L. Nesom [Aster praealtus Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnston (beggarslice) OL, OB, Poir.] (willowleaf aster) OB, (JL), TL, (TB)-Pms,wt; (DL), (TL), (TB)-T; P; 0-common Wez,sp-infrequent Ellisia nyctelea L. (Aunt Lucy) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)-T; 0- Symphyotrichum prenanthoides (Muhl. ex Willd.) G. L. Nesom common [Aster prenanthoides Muhl. ex Willd.] (crookedstem aster) OL, Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx. (great waterleaf) OL, OB, OB, (TL), (TB)--Twf; Wsp-common (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf-frequent Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. LOve & D. Love [Aster puniceus L.] Hydrophyllum virginianum L. (eastern waterleaf) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (purplestem aster) OB, TB-Pwt; Wez,sp-infrequent (TL), (TB)--Tmf,wf-common Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) Nesom [Aster sericeus Vent.] Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. occidentalis [L. (western silvery aster) TB-Pdr-sparse redowskii (Hornem.) Greene] (flatspine stickseed) OB-P; 0 BOONE COUNTY FLORA 35

*Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort. (L. echinata Gilib.] (European *Hesperis matronalis L. (dame's rocket) TL, TB-T; 0- stickseed) OB, TB-Orc,ps-infrequent infrequent Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. (hoary puccoon) OL, OB, *lberis umbellata L. (globe candytuft) TB-Ore-sparse (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tdf,wd,ed-infrequent lodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steudel (purplerocket) TL­ Lithospermum incisum Lehm. (narrowleaf stoneseed) OB, JL, TB, Tmf-sparse (TL)-Tdf,wd,ed; Pdr-infrequent *Lepidium campestre (1.) R. Br. (field pepperweed) TL, TB-0- Lithospermum latifolium Michx. (American stoneseed) OL, (DL), common (TL)-Tmf-infrequent Lepidium densiflorum Schrader (common pepperweed) OL, (DL), Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link (Virginia bluebells) OL, TL, (TB)-0-common (DL), (TL), (TB)-Tmf-infrequent Lepidium virginicum L. (Virginia pepperweed) OB, (DL), TL, Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. occidentale (Mack.) B. L. (TB)-0-common Turner [0. molle Michx. var. occidentale (Mack.) I. M. Johnston] *Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress) TB-Wrp,sp-sparse (western marbleseed) OB, (DL), TB-Tdf; Ore-infrequent Rorippa palustris (1.) Besser (bog yellowcress) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)-Twf; Pwt; W; 0-common BRASSICACEAE Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchc. (stalkless yellowcress) TL, *Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande (garlic mustard) TL, (TB )-Twf; W rp-infrequent TB-T-frequent *Rorippa sylvestris (1.) Besser (creeping yellowcress) TL, (TB)­ Arabis canadensis L. (sicklepod) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ Twf; W rp-frequent Tdf,mf-common *Sinapis arvensis L. (charlock) TB-0-sparse Arabis glabra (1.) Bernh. (tower mustard) OB, TL, (TB)­ *Sisymbrium altissimum L. (tall tumblemustard) OB, TB-0- Twd,ed; 0-common common Arabis hirsuta (1.) Scop. (hairy rockcress) TL, (TB)-Tmf­ *Sisymbrium loeselii L. (small tumbleweed mustard) TL, TB­ infrequent Our-sparse Arabis shortii (Fern.) GI. (Short's rockcress) OB, TL, (TB)­ *Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. (hedgemustard) OL, (DL), TB- Tmf-common 0-common *Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. (garden yellowrocket) TL. (TB)- *Thlaspi arvense L. (field pennycress) TL, (TB)-0-common W rp,md; 0-common CAMP ANULACEAE *Berteroa incana (1.) DC. (hoary alyssum) TB-Wsp; 0-sparse Campanula aparinoides Pursh (marsh bellflower) TB-Wsp­ *Brassica juncea (1.) Czern. (India mustard) OB-0 sparse *Brassica napus L. (rape) OB-0 *Campanula rapunculoides L. (rampion bellflower) OB, TL, (TB)- *Brassica nigra (1.) W. D. J. Koch (black mustard) OL, OB, (DL), 0-sparse TB-0-common Campanulastrum americanum (1.) Small [Campanula americana L.] *Brassica rapa L. [B. campestris L.) (field mustard) JL, TB-0- (American bellflower) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T; P; infrequent W; 0-common *Capsella bursa-pastoris (1.) Medicus (shepherd's purse) (DL), JL, Lobelia cardinalis L. (cardinalflower) TL, TB-Pms,wt-sparse (TL), (TB)-0-common Lobelia inflata L. (Indian-tobacco) OL, OB, (TL), (TB)-T­ bulbosa (Schreb ex Muhl.) B. S. P. (bulbous bittercress) common OL, (DL), (TL), (TB)-Pwt; Wez,sp-frequent Lobelia siphilitica L. (great blue lobelia) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Sw. [Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ex (TB)-Twf; Pms,wt; W-common Willd.) (cutleaf toothwort) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ Lobelia spicata Lam. (palespike lobelia) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)­ Tmf-common Twd,ed; Pms-frequent Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. (Pennsylvania bittercress) Triodanis leptocarpa (Nutt.) Nieuw. (slimpod Venus' looking­ OL, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Twf; Pms,wt; W-common glass) TB-Orw,rc-sparse Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton var. brachycarpa (Richardson) Triodanis perfoliata (1.) Nieuw. (clasping Venus' looking-glass) Fern. (western tansymustard) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ OB, TL, (TB)-T; 0-common Twf; Pwt; W; 0-common *Descurainia sophia (1.) Webb ex Prantl (herb Sophia) TB­ CANNABACEAE [includes MORACEAE, in part; ULMA­ Orw ,of,ps-sparse CEAE, in part) *Diplotaxis muralis (1.) DC. (annual wallrocket) TB-Our­ *Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-T; P; W; 0- sparse common Draba brachycarpa (Nutt. ex Torr.) A. Gray (shortpod draba) Ce/tis occidentalis L. (hackberry) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ TL-Our-sparse Tmf,wf-common *Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. (Japanese hops) TL, TB-Ted; #Draba nemorosa L. (woodland draba) TL-Our-sparse Orw-sparse Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. (Carolina draba) OL, OB, (DL), TB­ Humulus lupulus L. (common hops) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)­ Tdf; Pdr; Ore-frequent Twf,wd,ed-common *Draba verna L. (spring draba) (DL), TL-Our,rc-sparse #Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. (western wallflower) TB-Orc­ CAPRIFOLIACEAE sparse *Lonicera X bella Zabel (L. tatarica L. X L. morrowii A. Gray) TL, Erysimum cheiranthoides L. (wormseed wallflower) (DL), TL, (TB)-T; 0-frequent (TB)-Tmf,wf-common Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens (Rydb.) Butters (limber *Erysimum hieraciifolium L. (European wallflower) TL-Twf; 0- honeysuckle) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-frequent sparse *Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Japanese honeysuckle) JL, TL, TB­ *Erysimum repandum L. (spreading wallflower) TB-Our-sparse T-sparse 36 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

*Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. (amur honeysuckle) OL, TL, Cuscuta coryli Engelm. (hazel dodder) TL, TB-Wsp-sparse (TB)-T; 0-frequent Cuscuta glomerata Choisy (rope dodder) TL, TB-Twd,ed­ *Lonicera X notha Zabel (L. ruprechtiana Rugel X L. tatarica L.) infrequent TL-Twf-sparse Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. (fiveangled dodder) OB, TL, TB­ *Lonicera tatarica L. (Tatarian honeysuckle) JL, (TL), (TB)-T; Twf,wd,ed; Pdr--common 0-common Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm. (smarcweed dodder) TL, TB­ Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hooker (wescerm snowberry) OB, (JL), Wez,rp-infrequent TB-Orw-sparse *Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. (ivyleaf morning-glory) OL, (DL), Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench (coralberry) JL, (TL), (TB)­ TB-Ocr,rw,rc,of-frequent T--common *Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth (tall morning-glory) TB-Ocr,rw,r- Triosteum perfoliatum L. (feverworr) OL, JL, (TL), (TB)-T; P; c,of-frequent 0--common *Ipomoea quamoclit L. (cypressvine) TB-Twd,ed-sparse CARYOPHYLLACEAE CORNACEAE *Arenaria serpyl/ifolia L. (thymeleaf sandwort) OB, TL, TB­ Cornus alternifolia L. f. (alcernaceleaf dogwood) OL, OB, (DL), JL, Orc-infrequent (TL), (TB)-T-infrequent *Cerastium fontanum Baumg. subsp. vulgare (Hartman) Greuter & Cornus amomum P. Miller ssp. obliqua (Raf.) ]. S. Wilson (silky Burdet [C. vulgatum L.] (common mouse-ear chickweed) OB, dogwood) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-T-infrequent TL, (TB)-T; P; 0--common Cornus drummondii C. A. Meyer (roughleaf dogwood) OL, (DL), Cerastium nutans Raf. (nodding mouse-ear chickweed) OB, TL, JL, TL, (TB)-T--common (TB)-Wsp; Orc--common *Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) JL, TL-Tmf-sparse *Cerastium semidecandrum L. (five-seamen mouse-ear chickweed) Cornus racemosa Lam. [C. foemina P. Miller ssp. racemosa (Lam.) ]. TL, TB-Our,rc-sparse S. Wilson] (gray dogwood) OL, OB, JL, TL, (TB)-T­ *Dianthus armeria L. (deptford pink) TL, (TB)-T; P; 0- frequent common Cornus rugosa Lam. (roundleaf dogwood) OL, (DL), (JL), TL­ *Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench (giant chickweed) TL, (TB)­ Tmf-sparse Twf; Pwt; W rp--common -Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea [C. stolonifera Michx.] (redosier Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood (forked chickweed) OL, TL­ dogwood) JL-W; 0 Tdf,mf-infrequent *Saponaria officinalis L. (bouncing-bet) OL, JL, (TL), (TB)-0- CRASSULACEAE common #Hylotelephium telephioides (Michx.) H. Ohba (Allegheny scone­ Silene antirrhina L. (sleepy cacchfly) TL, (TB)-T; 0-common crop) TB-Our-sparse *Silene cserei Baumg. (biennial campion) OB, TB-Orw-sparse *Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (stringy sconecrop) TL-Tmf,ed­ *Silene latifolia Poir. [Silene pratensis (Rafn) Gren. & Godron] sparse (white campion) OB, TL, (TB)-Ted; Wrp; 0-common CUCURB ITACEAE Silene nivea (Nutt.) Orth (snowy campion) OL, (DL), TB-Twf; Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. (wild cucumber) OL, TB­ Wsp-sparse Twf-infrequent *Silene noctiflora L. (night-flowering cacchfly) TL, (TB)-Twf,ed; Sicyos angulatus L. (oneseed burr cucumber) OL, OB, (DL), JL, 0-frequent (TL), (TB)-Twf--common Silene stellata (L.) Aiton f. (starry campion) OL, (DL), (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wfwd,ed; Pwt;-common ELAEAGNACEAE #Silene virginica L. (fire pink) OL, TL-Ted-sparse *Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (Autumn olive) JL, (TL), (TB)-T; *Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (common chickweed) TL, TB-T; 0- P; 0--common common CELASTRACEAE Monotropa uniflora L. (lndianpipe) OL, OB, (DL),JL, (TL), (TB)- *Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (Oriental bittersweet) TB-Our­ Tmf--common sparse Pyrola elliptica Nutt. (waxflower shinleaf) OL, TL-Tmf-sparse Celastrus scandens L. (American bittersweet) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T; Orw--common Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. (eastern wahoo) OL, (DL), JL, TB, Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell (pineland threeseed mercury) TB­ (TL)-T--common Ocr-sparse Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. (common threeseed mercury) OB, (DL), CISTACEAE JL, TB, (TL)-T; 0-common Helianthemum bicknellii Fern. (hoary frostweed) OL, OB, TB, Acalypha virginica L. (Virginia chreeseed mercury) (DL), TL­ (TL)-Tdf,wd-infrequent Tdf-sparse Lechea stricta Leggett (prairie pinweed) OL, TL-Tdf,wd-sparse Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small [Euphorbia glyptosperma CLEOMACEAE [CAPPARIDACEAE, in pare] Engelm.] (ribseed sandmat) JL, TL, TB-0--common Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp. dodecandra (redwhisker clammy­ Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small [Euphorbia maculata L.] (spotted weed) TB-Ore-sparse sandmat) OL, OB, JL, TL, (TB)-0-common Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small [Euphorbia nutans Lag.] (eyebane) CONVOLVULACEAE (DL), TL, (TB)-0--common Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. (hedge false bindweed) OB, (DL), TL, Chamaesyce serpens (Kunch) Small [Euphorbia serpens HBK.] (matted (TB)-Twf; Wrp; Orw--common sandmat) TB-0-common *Convolvulus arvensis L. (field bindweed) TL, (TB)-0--common Croton capitatus Michx. var. capitatus (hogwort) TB-Ore-sparse BOONE COUNTY FLORA 37

Euphorbia corollata L. (flowering spurge) OL, (DL), JL, TB, (TL)-­ Lathyrus palustris L. (marsh pea) OB, TB-Pwt-sparse Twd,ed; Pms-common *Lathyrus tuberosus L. (tuberous sweetpea) TB-Our,rw-sparse Euphorbia cyathophora Murray [E. heterophylla L.] (fire-on-the­ Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd. (veiny pea) TB-P-sparse mountain) (JL), TL, TB-Twd,ed; Ore-frequent Lespedeza capitata Michx. (roundhead lespedeza) OL, OB, (DL), JL, *Euphorbia cyparissias L. (cypress spurge) OB, TB-Our-sparse (TL), (TB)--Twd,ed; Pdr-common Euphorbia dentata Michx. (toothed spurge) TL, (TB)-0- *Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don (sericea lespedeza) TL, common TB-Twd,ed; Pms-sparse *Euphorbia esula L. (leafy spurge) OB, TB-Orw-sparse *Lotus corniculatus L. (bird's-foot trefoil) TL, TB-0-common Euphorbia hexagona Nutt. ex Sprengel (sixangle spurge) OB-0 Lotus unifoliolatus (Hook.) Benth. [L. purshianus Clem. & Clem.] Euphorbia marginata Pursh (snow-on-the-mountain) OB, (TB)- (American bird's-foot trefoil) TB-Pdr-sparse Orc-sparse *Medicago lupulina L. (black medick) OB, JL, (TL), (TB)--0- FABACEAE common Amorpha canescens Pursh (leadplant) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ *Medicago sativa L. ssp. falcata (1.) Arcang. [M. falcata L.] (yellow Pdr-frequent alfalfa) TB-Orw-sparse Amorpha fruticosa L. (desert false indigo) TL, (TB)-Tmf,ed; Pwt; *Medicago sativa L. ssp. sativa [M. sativa L.] (alfalfa) OB, (DL), TL, Wez,rp; Orw-common (TB)-0-common Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fern. (American hogpeanut) OB, (DL), *Melilotus officinalis (1.) Pallas [Syn.-M. alba Medicus] (yellow ]L, TB, (TL)-T-common sweet clover) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-P; 0-common Apios americana Medicus (groundnut) OL, TL, (TB)-Twf; Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) Grimes (silverleaf Indian bread­ Wsp-common root) TB-Twd,ed; Pdr-infrequent canadensis L. (Canadian milkvetch) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. [P. batesii Rydb.] (slim­ (TB)-Twd; Pms,wt; Orw-common flower scurfpea) TB-Pms-sparse Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. (groundplum milkvetch) OL, (DL), #Robinia pseudo-acacia L. (black locust) OL, (DL), JL, TB, (TL)-­ TB-Pdr-sparse Twd,ed-frequent Baptisia alba (L.) Vent. var. macrophylla (Larisey) Isely [B. lactea *Securigera varia (1.) Lassen [Coronilla varia L.] (crownvetch) TL, (Raf.) Thieret] (largeleaf wild indigo) TL-P-sparse (TB)-0-common Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Ell. var. leucophaea (Nutt.) Kartesz & Strophostyles helvola (1.) Ell. (amberique-bean) OB, (DL), TB­ Gandhi [B.bracteata Muhl. ex Ell. var. glabrescens (Larisey) Orc-sparse lsely] (longbract wild indigo) OL, OB, (DL), (TB)-Pdr­ Strophostyles leiosperma (T. & G.) Piper (slickseed fuzzybean) TB­ sparse Orc-sparse ~Cercis canadensis L. (redbud) JL, (TL), (TB)-Twd,ed­ *Trifolium campestre Schreber (field clover) TL-Oof,ps-sparse infrequent *Trifolium hybridum L. (alsike clover) OB, TL, (TB)-0- Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var. fasciculata (partridge common pea) TL, (TB)-P; 0-common *Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-0- Crotalaria sagittalis L. (rattlebox) OL-P common Dalea candida Willd. (white prairie clover) OL, OB, (DL), TL, *Trifolium repens L. (white clover) TL, (TB)-0-common (TB)-Twd,ed; P-infrequent Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. (American vetch) OL, OB, (DL), Dalea leporina (Aiton) Bullock (foxtail prairie clover) OB-P JL, (TL), (TB)--Twd,ed; Pms; Orw-common Dalea purpurea Vent. (purple prairie clover) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)­ *Vicia villosa Roth (winter vetch) TB-Orw-frequent Twd,ed; P-common #Wisteria frutescens (1.) Poiret (American wisteria) OB-T; 0 Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. ex B. L. Robinson & Fern. (Illinois bundleflower) TB-Pms; Orw-sparse FAGACEAE Desmodium canadense (1.) DC. (showy ticktrefoil) OL, OB, (DL), Quercus alba L. (white oak) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T- (JL), (TB)-Pms-frequent common Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Loudon (largebract Quercus X deamii Trel. (Q. alba X Q. muhlenbergii) OB-T ticktrefoil) OB, ]L, TB, (TL)-Twd,ed-infrequent Quercus X hawkinsii Sudw. (Q.rubra X Q. velutina) OB-T Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood (pointedleaf ticktrefoil) OL, Quercus macrocarpa Michx. (bur oak) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T-common (TB)-T-common Desmodium illinoense Gray (Illinois ticktrefoil) TB-Ted; Orw­ Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. (chinquapin oak) OL, (DL), JL, TL, infreqent (TB )-T-frequent Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. (panicledleaf ticktrefoil) OL, ~Quercus palustris Miienchh. (pin oak) TL-0-sparse (DL), TB, (TL)-T-infrequenr Quercus rubra L. [Q. borealis Michx. f. var. maxima (Marsh.) Ashe] Desmodium perplexum Schubert (perplexed ticktrefoil) JL-T (northern red oak) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T­ Gleditsia triacanthos L. (honeylocust) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ common T-common Quercus velutina Lam. (black oak) OB-0 Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh (American licorice) OB, TB-Pms­ sparse Gymnocladus diocicus (1.) K. Koch (Kentucky coffeetree) OL, (DL), Gentiana alba Muhl. (plain gentian) OL, JL, (TL), (TB)-Twd,ed; ]L, (TL), (TB)--T-frequent P-common *Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino (Korean clover) OL-0 Gentiana alba Muhl. X Griseb. (plain gentian *Lathyrus latifolius L. (perennial pea) TB-Our,rw-sparse X closed bottle gentian) OB, JL, TL-Pms-sparse Lathyrus ochroleucus Hooker (cream pea) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. (closed bottle gentian) OB, TL, (TB)-Tmf-common (TB)-Pms,wt-infrequent 38 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

Gentiana puberulenta ]. Pringle (downy gentian) OB, TB­ Hedeoma hispida Pursh (rough false pennyroyal) OL, OB, (DL), Pdr,ms-sparse (TL), (TB)-Tdf; Ore-common Gentiana puberulenta]. Pringle X G. alba Muhl. (downy gentian Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. (American false pennyroyal) OL, OB, X plain gentian) OB-P (TL)-Tdf-sparse quinquefolia (L.) Small ssp. occidentalis (A. Gray) ]. *Lamium amplexicaule L. (henbit deadnettle) OB, TL, (TB)­ Gillett [Gentiana quinquefolia L.] (agueweed) OB, JL, (TB)­ Our-sparse P-sparse *Leonurus cardiaca L. (common motherwort) OB, TL, (TB)­ Twf,wd,ed-common GERANIACEAE Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex Barton (American water horehound) Geranium carolinianum L. (Carolina geranium) TB-0-frequent OL, OB, (TL), (TB)-Pms,wt; W-common Geranium maculatum L. (spotted geranium) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), Lycopus asper Greene (rough bugleweed) TB-Wez-sparse (TB)-Tmf-common Lycopus X sherardii Steele (L. uniflorus Michx. X L. virginicus L.) TL, (TB)-Wrp-sparse GROSSULARIACEAE (SAXIFRAGACEAE, in part) Lycopus uniflorus Michx. (northern bugleweed) TL, TB-Wrp­ P. Miller (American black currant) (DL), TB­ Ribes americanum frequent Pwt; W-frequent Mentha arvensis L. (wild mint) OB, TL, (TB)-Pwt; Wez,rp,sp­ L. (eastern gooseberry) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Ribes cynosbati common (TB)-Tmf-infrequent Monarda fistulosa L. (wild bergamot) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Nutt. ex T. & G. (Missouri gooseberry) OL, OB, Ribes missouriense (TB)-Twd,ed; Pms-common (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T-common Monarda punctata L. var. villicaulis (Pennell) Shinners (spotted HALORAGACEAE [HALORAGIDACEAE] beebalm) TB-Ore-sparse Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov [M. exalbescens Fern.] (shortspike *Nepeta cataria L. (catnip) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-T; P; 0- watermilfoil) TB-Wsz-sparse common *Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) TL-Our-sparse [SAXIFRAGACEAE, in part] Physostegia parviflora Nutt. ex Gray (western false dragonhead) # pubescens Loisel var. pubescens (hoary mock orange) OL-W (JL), TL-T-sparse Physostegia virginiana (1.) Bentham (obedient plant) TL, TB­ Twf; Pwt; Wez,rp-common Prune/la vulgaris L. (common selfheal) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ L. [H. pyramidatum Aiton] (great St. Johnswort) T; P; W; 0-common TL, (TB)-Twd,ed; P-frequent Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrader (narrowleaf mountainmint) (Gray) Britton (large St. Johnswort) OB, TL­ TL-Pms-sparse Twd,ed; Pwt-sparse Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) Dur. & Jackson (Virginia * L. (common St. Johnswort) TL, (TB)-0- mountainmint) TL, (TB)-Pms-common common Salvia reflexa Hornem. (lanceleaf sage) OB, TB-Ore-sparse Lam. (spotted St. Johnswort) OL, TL­ Scutellaria galericulata L. (marsh skullcap) TB-Wez,sp-sparse Twd,ed; Pms-frequent Scutellaria lateriflora L. (blue skullcap) TL, (TB)-Twf; Pwt; Michx. (roundseed St. Johnswort) TL, Wez,rp,md,sp-common (TB)-Twd,ed-sparse Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. missouriensis (Torr.) Goodman & Lawson [S. leonardii Epling] (Leonard's skullcap) OB, TL, JUGLANDACEAE TB-Tdf; Pde-common Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch (bitternut hickory) OL, OB, Stachys pilosa Nutt. var. pilosa [S. palustris L.] (hairy hedgenettle) (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T-common (DL), TB-Pwt-frequent Carya ovata (P. Miller) K. Koch (shagbark hickory) OB, (DL), Stachys tenuifolia Willd. (smooth hedgenettle) OL, JL, TL, TB­ (JL), TL, (TB)-T-common Twf; Pwt; Wez-common jug/ans cinera L. (butternut) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ Teucrium canadense L. var. canadense (Canada germander) OL, OB, Tmf,wf-infrequent (DL), JL, TL, TB-Tmf,wf; Pwt; Wez,rp-common Juglans nigra L. (black walnut) (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf­ Teucrium canadense L. var. occidentale (A. Gray) E. M. McClint. common (western germander) TB-Pwt; Wrp-sparse LAMIACEAE Trichostema brachiatum L. (fluxweed) TB-Ore-sparse Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze (yellow giant hyssop) OB, (DL), LENTIBULARIACEAE TL, (TB)-T-frequent Utricularia macrorhiza Le Conte [U. vulgaris L.J (common Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze (purple giant hyssop) bladderwort) OB-W OB, TL, (TB)-Twd,ed-infrequent Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Bentham (hairy pagoda-plant) OB, (DL), LINACEAE JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wd,ed-infrequent *Linum perenne L. (blue flax) TB-Ore-sparse *Chaiturus marrubiastrum (1.) Reichenb. [Leonurus marrubiastrum Linum sulcatum Riddell (grooved flax) TB-Tdf; Pdr-sparse L.] (lion's tail) TL, (TB)-Twf-sparse Linum usitatissimum L. (common flax) TB-Our-sparse Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. (American dragonhead) OB, TB-Our-sparse LINDERNIACEAE [, in part] *Glechoma hederacea L. (ground ivy) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T; Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. anagallidea (Michx.) Cooperr. P; W; 0-common (yellowseed false pimpernel) TL-Wez,rp,md; Ocr-sparse BOONE COUNTY FLORA 39

Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia (yellowseed false Epilobium coloratum Biehler (purpleleaf willowherb) OB, TL, pimpernel) OL, TL, (TB)-Wez,rp,md; Ocr-common (TB)-Pwt; Wez,md,sp-common Gaura biennis L. (biennial beeblossum) OB, TL, TB-Pms; Orw-infrequent Rottb. (valley redstem) OB, TL, TB-Pwt; Ammannia coccinea Gaura mollis James [G. parviflora Douglas] (velvetweed) TB­ Wez,rp,md-common Orw-sparse alatum Pursh (winged lythrum) OB, TL, TB-Pwt; Oenothera biennis L. (common evening-primrose) OB, (DL), JL-P; Wez,md,sp-common 0 *Lythrum salicaria L. (purple loosestrife) TB-Orw-sparse Oenothera laciniata Hill (cutleaf evening-primrose) TB-Ocr,rc­ Rota/a ramosior (L.) Koehne (lowland rotala) TB-Wez-sparse sparse MAL V ACEAE [includes TILIACEAE] Oenothera parviflora L. (northern evening-primrose) TL-Twt­ *Abutilon theophrasti Medicus (velvetleaf) OL, OB, JL, (TL), sparse (TB)-0-common Oenothera villosa Thunb. (hairy evening-primrose) TL, (TB)-P; involucrata (Nutt. ex T. & G.) Gray (purple poppy­ 0-common mallow) TB-Our-sparse [SCROPHULARIACEAE, in part] Hibiscus laevis All. (halberdleaf rosemallow) OB, TB-Twf­ Agalinis auriculata (Michx.) Blake [Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) sparse Raf.] (earleaf false foxglove) TB-Pms-sparse *Hibiscus trionum L. (flower-of-an-hour) OB, TL, (TB)-0- Agalinis gattingeri (Small) Small (roundstem false foxglove) TL, common TB-Tdf, wd-sparse *Malva neglecta Wallr. (common mallow) TL, TB-Wrp; 0- Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britt. var. borealis Pennell [A. purpurea common (1.) Pennell var. parviflora (Benth.) B. Boivin (smallflower *Malva pusilla Sm. [M. rotundifolia L.] (low mallow) TB-0- false foxglove) OB-P; W infrequent Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. (slenderleaf false foxglove) OB, (JL), *Malva sylvestris L. (high mallow) OB-P; 0 TL, TB-Tmf; Pms; Wsp-sparse *Sida spinosa L. (prickly fanpetals) TL, TB-0-frequent Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh (downy painted-cup) OB-P Tilia americana L. (American basswood) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf-common Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. (mullen foxglove) OL, OB, (TL), (TB)-Twd,ed-infrequent MENISPERMACEAE Orobanche uniflora L. (oneflowered broomrape) OL, OB, TL, Menispermum canadense L. (moonseed) (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-T­ (TB)-Tmf-sparse common Pedicularis canadensis L. (Canadian lousewort) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wd-common MOLLUGINACEAE [AIZOACEAE] Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. (swamp lousewort) TB-Wsp­ Mollugo verticillata L. (green carpetweed) TL, (TB)-0-common infrequent MORACEAE OXALIDACEAE Madura pomifera (Raf. ex Sarg.) Schneider (Osage-orange) TB­ Oxalis dillenii Jacq. (slender yellow woodsorrel) OL-T; 0 Orw-sparse Oxalis stricta L. (common yellow oxalis) OL, OB, JL, TL, (TB)- *Morus alba L. (white mulberry) OB, JL, (TL), (TB)-T; 0- T; 0-common common Oxalis violacea L. (violet woodsorrel) OB, (DL), TB-Tdf; Pdr­ L. (red mulberry) OL, (DL), (JL)-T Morus rubra infrequent NYCTAGINACEAE PAP A VERACEAE [includes FUMARIACEAE] Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl [Syn.-M. hirsuta (Pursh) micrantha (Engelm. ex A. Gray) A. Gray (slender MacM.] (white four o'clock) OB, TB-Pdr-sparse corydalis) OB, JL, (TB)-0-common Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. (heartleaf four o'clock) OB, Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. (squirrel-corn) OL, OB, (JL)­ TL, (TB)-Twd, ed; 0-common T OLEACEAE Dicentra cucullaria (1.) Bernh. (Dutchman's-breeches) OL, OB, Fraxinus americana L. (white ash) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common T-common *Fumaria officinalis L. (fumitory) TB-Our,rc-sparse Fraxinus nigra Marsh. (black ash) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ Sanguinaria canadensis L. (bloodroot) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ Tmf,wf-common T-common Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. (green ash) OL, OB, (DL), (JL), (TL), (TB)-T; 0-common PENTHORACEAE [SAXIFRAGACEAE, in part] *Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. & Zucc. (border privet) TB-Twf­ Penthorum sedoides L. (ditch stonecrop) OB, TL, (TB)-Pwt; W; sparse Orw-common L.) (European privet) TL-Twf-sparse *Ligustrum vulgare PHRYMACEAE [includes SCROPHULARIACEAE, in part] *Syringa vulgaris L. (common lilac) TL, TB-0-common Mimulus glabratus HBK. var. fremontii (Bentham) Grant (round­ ONAGRACEAE leaf monkeyflower) TB-Wsp-sparse Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) Raven (yellow sundrops) OB, TB­ Mimulus ringens L. (Allegheny monkeyflower) OL, OB, (DL), JL, Pdr-sparse (TL), (TB)-Pwt; W; Orw-common Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (1.) Ascherson & Magnus Phryma leptostachya L. (American lopseed) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (broadleaf nightshade) JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common (TB)-T-common 40 )OUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

PHYTOLACCACEAE Persicaria amphibia (1.) Gray [ amphibium L. var. emersum Phytolacca americana L. (American pokeweed) TB-Twf; Our- Michx.-Polygonum amphibium L. var. stipulaceum (Coleman) sparse Fern.] (water smartweed) OL, OB, TB-W-common Persicaria hydropiper (1.) Spach [Polygonum hydropiper L. (water­ [includes CALLITRICHACEAE; pepper) OB, (TB)-W-infrequent SCROPHULARIACEAE, in part] Persicaria lapathifolia (1.) Gray [Polygonum lapathifolium L.] (pale Callitriche heterophylla Pursh (twoheaded water-starwort) TL­ smartweed) OB, (TB)-Twf; W; Orw-common W md-sparse *Persicaria maculosa Gray [Polygonum persicaria L.] (spotted lady's­ *Chaenorhinum minus (1.) Lange (dwarf snapdragon) OB, TL, thumb) OB, JL, (TL), (TB)-W-common TB-Our-sparse Persicaria pensylvanica (1.) M. Gomez [Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Che/one glabra L. (white turtlehead) (DL), TB-Wsp-sparse var. laevigatum Fern.] (Pennsylvania smartweed) OL, OB, (TL), *Linaria vulgaris Hill (butter & eggs) OB, TB-Orw-sparse (TB)-W; Ocr,rw-common - digitalis Nutt. (talus slope penstemon) TL, (TB)- Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small [Polygonum punctatum Ell.] Pms; Orw-common (dotted smartweed) JL, TL, (TB)-Pwt; W-common Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt. (large beardtongue) OL, TB-Orc­ Persicaria virginiana (1.) Gaertner [Polygonum virginianum L.] sparse (jumpseed) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf-common Plantago aristata Michx. (largebracted plantain) OB-P; 0 Polygonum achoreum Blake (Blake's knotweed) TB-0-common *Plantago lanceolata L. (narrowleaf plantain) TL, (TB)-Our.ps­ *Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. aviculare (doorweed) OB, (DL), TL, common (TB)-0-common *Plantago major L. (common plantain) (DL), (JL), TL, (TB)-0- Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. buxiforme (Small) Costea & Tardif common (American knotweed) Plantago patagonica Jacq. (woolly plantain) TB-Ore-sparse TL, TB-0-frequent Plantago rugelii Dene. (blackseed plantain) OB, TL, (TB)-T; *Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. depressum (Melsner) Arcangeli (oval­ 0-common leaf knotweed) TL, (TB)-0-frequent Plantago virginica L. (Virginia plantain) TL, TB-Our,rc-sparse Polygonum erectum L. (erect knotweed) OL, (TB)-0-infrequent Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. [Syn.-V. catenata Pennell] (water Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. subsp. ramosissimum (bushy speedwell) TB-Wez,rp,md,sp-frequent knotweed) TL, TB-0-infrequent *Veronica arvensis L. (corn speedwell) TL, (TB)-0-common *Rumex acetosella L. (sheep sorrel) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-0- Veronica peregrina L. (neckweed) OL, (DL), (TL), (TB)-0- common common Rumex altissimus Wood (pale dock) OL, (DL), TB, (TL)-Twf; *Veronica serpyllifolia L. (thymeleaf speedwell) TL, TB-0- Pwt; Orw-common infrequent Rumex britannica L. [R. orbiculatus Gray] (greater water dock) OB, Veronicastrum virginicum (1.) Farw. (Culver's root) OB, JL, (TL), TB-Twf; W rp-sparse (TB)-T; P; Wez-common *Rumex crispus L. (curly dock) (DL), TL, TB-T; P; W; 0- common PLATANACEAE *Rumex maritimus L. (golden dock) OB, TL, (TB)-Wrp­ Platanus occidentalis L. (sycamore) JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf­ frequent frequent *Rumex obtusifolius L. (broad-leaved dock) TB-Wez; Our­ sparse POLEMONIACEAE *Rumex patientia L. (patience dock) OB-W; 0 *lpomopsis rubra (1.) Wherry (standing-cypress) TB-Ore-sparse *Rumex stenophyllus Ledeb. (narrow-leaved dock) TL, (TB)-Twf; Phlox divaricata L. (blue phlox) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)- W rp-frequent Tmf,wf-common Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) Rech. f. [R. mexicanus Meisner] Phlox paniculata L. (garden phlox) TL, (TB)-Twf,wd,ed­ (triangular-valved dock) TB-Twf; Pwt; Orw-infrequent frequent Rumex verticillatus L. (swamp dock) TB-Wsp-sparse Phlox pilosa L. (prairie phlox) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-P­ frequent PORTULACACEAE Polemonium reptans L. (Greek valerian) TL-Tmf-sparse L. (eastern spring beauty) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf­ common *Portulaca oleracea L. (common purslane) TL, (TB)-0-common Polygala sanguinea L. (purple milkwort) OL, (DL)-T Polygala senega L. (Seneca snakeroot) OL, OB, (DL), JL, TL­ Wsp-sparse Androsace occidentalis Pursh (western rockjasmine) OL, JL, TB, Polygala verticillata L. (whorled milkwort) OL, OB, (DL), TL, (TL)-Tdf; Pdr; Ore-frequent (TB)-Tdf; Pdr-sparse Dodecatheon meadia L. (pride of Ohio) JL-P ciliata L. (fringed loosestrife) OB, (DL), JL, TB, (TL)-Twf; Pwt; W; Orw-common *Fallopia convolvulus (1.) A. LOve [Polygonum convolvulus L.] (black Lysimachia hybrida Michx. (lowland yellow loosestrife) TB­ bindweed) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)-Twf; 0-common Pwt-sparse *Fallopia japonica (Houttuyn) Ronse Decraene var. japonica *Lysimachia nummularia L. (creeping Jenny) OB, TB-Twf­ [Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc.] (Japanese knotweed) common TB-Twf-sparse Lysimachia quadriflora Sims (fourflower yellow loosestrife) OB, Fallopia scandens (1.) Holub [Polygonum scandens L.] (climbing TB-Pwt; W; Orw-common false-buckwheat) OL, OB, JL, (TL), (TB)-Twf; 0-common Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. (tufted loosestrife) TB-Wez-sparse BOONE COUNTY FLORA 41

RANUNCULACEAE Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. (soft agrimony) JL, TL, TB-Tmf­ Actaea pachypoda Ell. (white baneberry) OB, TL, TB-Tmf­ common infrequent Amelanchier arborea (Michx.) Fern. (common serviceberry) OL, Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. (red baneberry) OL, OB, (DL), JL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf--common (TL), (TB)-Tmf-frequent Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medicus (pear hawthorn) OL, OB, Anemone acutiloba (de Candolle) G. Lawson [Hepatica nobilis (P. (DL), TL-Twd,ed-sparse Miller) var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm.) (sharp-lobed hepatica) OL, Crataegus mollis (T. & G.) Scheele (downy hawthorn) OL, OB, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf--common (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Twd,ed; Ops-common Anemone canadensis L. (Canada anemone) OL, OB, JL, (TL), Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl.) K. Koch (waxyfruit hawthorn) OL, (TB)-Pms,wt; Wez; Orw--common TL-Tdf,mf,wd-sparse Anemone caroliniana Walter (Carolina anemone) OB-P Jacq. (dotted hawthorn) OB, JL, TL, (TB)­ Anemone cylindrica Gray (thimbleweed) OB, TB-Pdr--common Twd,ed; Ops-common Anemone patens L. var. multifida Pritzel [Pulsatilla patens (L.) P. Crataegus succulenta Schrader ex Link (fleshy hawthorn) OB, TL­ Miller ssp. multifida (Pritz) Zamels] (pasqueflower) OB, Twd,ed-sparse (TB)-Pdr; Ops-sparse Fragaria vesca L. ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt (woodland Anemone quinquefolia L. (wood anemone) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), strawberry) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)-Tmf--common (TB)-Tmf--common Fragaria virginiana Duchesne (Virginia strawberry) OL, (DL), JL, Anemone virginiana L. (tall anemone) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TL), (TB)-T; P; 0--common (TB)-Tmf,wd,ed; P--common Geum aleppicum Jacq. var. strictum (Aiton) Fern. (yellow avens) Aquilegia canadensis L. (Canadian columbine) OB, (DL), JL, (TL), OB, (TB)-P-sparse (TB)-Tmf--common Geum canadense Jacq. (white avens) OL, OB, JL, (TL), (TB)­ Caltha palustris L. (cowslip) OB, TB-Wsp--infrequent Tmf,wf; P; 0--common pitcheri T. G. (Pitcher's clematis) OB, TB-Ops-sparse Geum laciniatum Murray (rough avens) OB, TB-Pms; Orw-sparse Clematis virginiana L. (virgin's bower) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)- Geum vernum (Raf.) T. & G. (spring avens) TL, TB-Wsp; Our­ T--common sparse Delphinium carolinianum Walter subsp. virescens (Nutt.) R. E. Ma/us ioensis (Wood) Britton (prairie crabapple) OL, OB, (DL), Brooks [D. virescens Nutt.] (plains larkspur) TB-Pdr-sparse (TL), (TB)-Twd,ed; Oof,ps--common Delphinium tricorne Michx. (dwarf larkspur) TL-Ted-sparse *Ma/us sylvestris (L.) P. Miller (paradise apple) TB-Twf; 0- sparse escape Enemion biternatum Raf. [lsopyrum biternatum (Raf.) T. & G.] (eastern (L.) Maxim. (common ninebark) OL, (DL), false rue anemone) OB, (DL),JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf--common Physocarpus opulifolius (JL), (TL)-Tmf-sparse Ranunculus abortivus L. (littleleaf buttercup) OL, OB, (DL), JL, * argentea L. var. argentea (silver cinquefoil) TB--Ops­ (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf; Pwt; Orw--common sparse L. Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus Withering [R. longirostris Potentilla arguta Pursh (tall cinquefoil) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)­ Godron] (white water crowfoot) OL, (DL)-W Pdr-sparse Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. (early buttercup) OB-P Potentilla norvegica L. (Norwegian cinquefoil) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. nitidus (Chapman) T. Duncan [R. (TB)-T; Wez; 0--common septentrionalis Poirer] (bristly buttercup) OL, OB, (DL), JL, *Potentilla recta L. (sulphur cinquefoil) OB, TL, (TB)-0- (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf; Wrp--common common Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. f. (Pennsylvania buttercup) TB­ Potentilla rivalis Nutt. (brook cinquefoil) TL, TB-Wsp--sparse W sp--sparse Potentilla simplex Michx. (common cinquefoil) OL, TL, TB-T­ Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. (blisterwort) TB-Wsp-sparse common Ranunculus sceleratus L. (cursed crowsfoot) TL, (TB)-W­ Marsh. (American plum) OL, OB, (DL), JL, common (TL), (TB)-Twd,ed; Orw,ps--common *Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz (bur buttercup) TL, TB-Our­ Prunus mexicana S. Watson (Mexican plum) OL-T sparse Prunus nigra Aiton (Canadian plum) OL-T Thalictrum dasycarpum Fischer & Ave-Lall. (purple meadow-rue) Prunus pensylvanica L. (pin cherry) OL, OB, (DL)-T OL, OB, JL, (TL), (TB)-Twf; Pms,wt; Orw--common Prunus serotina Ehrh. (black cherry) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Thalictrum dioicum L. (early meadow-rue) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wd,ed; Orw--common (TB)-Tmf--common *Prunus tomentosa Thunb. (Nanking cherry) TB-Orw-sparse Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin (rue-anemone) OB, Prunus virginiana L. (chokecherry) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (JL)-T (TB)-Tmf,wd,ed; Orw--common *Pyrus communis L. (common pear) JL, TL-Twd-sparse RHAMNACEAE Rosa arkansana Porter var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell (prairie Ceanothus americanus L. var. pitcheri T. & G. ( tea) OL, rose) OB, (DL), TB-Twd,ed; Pms; Orw-common OB, (DL), TL, TB-Twd; P-infrequent Rosa blanda Aiton (smooth rose) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ *Rhamnus cathartica L. (common buckthorn) TL, (TB)-T­ T; P; Orw-common common Rosa carolina L. (Carolina rose) OL, OB, TB, (TL)-T; P; Orw­ Pallas (Dahurian buckthorn) JL-T *Rhamnus davurica common Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh (lanceleaf buckthorn) OL, OB, (DL), JL, *Rosa gallica L. (French rose) TB-Ore-sparse TB-Ore-sparse *Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murray (multiflora rose) JL, (TL), ROSACEAE (TB)-T; P; 0--common Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. (tall hairy agrimony) OB, TL, TB­ Rosa X rudiuscula Greene (R. arkansana X R. carolina) OL, OB, Twd,ed; Oof,ps--common TL, TB-Twd,ed; P; Orw-common 42 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

*Rosa rugosa Thunb. (rugosa rose) TB-Orw-sparse SANTALACEAE Rosa setigera Michx. (climbing rose) TL-Twd,ed; Pros-infrequent Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. (bastard toadflax) OL, OB, (DL), Rubus ablatus Bailey (mountain blackberry) TL-Twd,ed-sparse (JL), (TL), (TB)-Tdf; Pdr-frequent Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex Bailey (Allegheny blackberry) OL, SAPINDACEAE [includes ACERACEAE, HIPPOCASTANA­ OB, JL, TL, (TB)-Ted; Orw-common CEAE) Rubus frondosus (Bigel.) Rydb. (yankee blackberry) TL, (TB)­ *Acer ginnala Maxim. (amur maple) TB-Our,rw-sparse Twd,ed; Pros-frequent Acer negundo L. (boxelder) OB, JL, (TL), (TB)-Twf; Orw,of­ *Rubus idaeus L. ssp. idaeus (American red raspberry) OL, (DL), common (TB)-0-sparse Acer nigrum Michx. f. (black maple) OL, OB, (DL), (JL), TB, Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke (grayleaf red (TL)-T-common raspberry) OB, TB-Orw-sparse Acer saccharinum L. (silver maple) OL, (DL), JL, TB, (TL)-Twf­ Rubus occidentalis L. (black raspberry) OL, OB, (DL), (JL), (TL), common (TB)-T; P; W; 0---common Aesculus glabra Willd. (Ohio buckeye) OL, OB, TB-Tmf,wf­ Rubus roribaccus (L. H. Bailey) Rydb. (Lucretia dewberry) TB- infrequent Orw-sparse *Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Br. (false spiraea) TB-Twd,ed-sparse SAXIFRAGACEAE Heuchera richardsonii R. Br. (Richard's alumroot) (DL), TL­ Tmf-sparse Galium aparine L. (stickywilly) OL, OB, (DL), JL, TB, (TL)­ Mite/la diphylla L. (twoleaf miterwort) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Tmf,wf-common (TB)-Tmf-common Galium boreale L. (northern bedstraw) OL, OB, (DL), (JL), TB, (TL)-T-common SCROPHULARIACEAE Galium circaezans Michx. (licorice bedstraw) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh (lanceleaf figwort) (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common (TB)-Twd,ed-infrequent Galium concinnum T. & G. (shining bedstraw) OL, OB, TB, Scrophularia marilandica L. (carpenter's square) TL, (TB)­ (TL)-Tmf-common Twd,ed-common Galium obtusum Bigelow (blundeaf bedstraw) TL, TB-Twf; *Verbascum thapsus L. (common mullein) OL, OB, (DL), (JL), Pms-frequent (TL), (TB)-Twd,ed; 0---common Galium tinctorium L. (stiff marsh bedstraw) TB-Pwt-common SIMAROUBACEAE Galium trifidum L. (threepetal bedstraw) (DL), (JL)-P *Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (tree-of-heaven) JL, TL, Galium triflorum Michx. (fragrant bedstraw) TL, (TB)­ TB-Twd; Orw-sparse Tmf,wf-common SOLANACEAE RUTACEAE *Datura stramonium L. (jimsonweed) OL, (DL), TL, TB­ Ptelea trifoliata L. (common hoptree) OB-T Ocr,ps-sparse Zanthoxylum americanum P. Miller (common pricklyash) OL, OB, *Lycium barbarum L. [L. halimifolium Mill.] (matrimony vine) (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Twd,ed-common (DL), TL-Oof-sparse SALICACEAE Physalis grisea (Waterf.) M. Martfiiez [P .pubescens L. var. integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall] (strawberry-tomato) (DL), *Populus alba L. (white poplar) TB-Ted; Our-frequent TB-Orw-sparse Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marsh. (eastern cottonwood) OL, Physalis heterophylla Nees (clammy groundcherry) OL, (TL), (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wf-common (TB)-Ted; P; Orw,rc,of-common Populus grandidentata Michx. (bigtooth aspen) OL, OB, (DL), (JL), Physalis virginiana Mill. (Virginia groundcherry) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)-Tdf,mf-frequent (TL), (TB)-Twd,ed; P; 0---common Populus tremuloides Michx. (quaking aspen) OL, OB, (DL), (JL), Solanum carolinense L. (Carolina horsenetde) OB, (DL), TL, (TB)- (TL), (TB)-Tmf,wd,ed-frequent 0---common Salix amygdaloides Andersson (peachleaf willow) OL, OB, (DL), *Solanum dulcamara L. (climbing nightshade) (JL), TL, TB-Twf; (TB)-Twf; Pwt; Wrp,sp-infrequent Wrp; 0-infrequent Salix bebbiana Sarg. (Bebb willow) TB-Wez-sparse Solanum ptycanthum Dunal [S .americanum P. Miller] (West Indian Salix discolor Muhl. (pussy willow) OL, OB, (DL), JL, TL, TB­ nightshade) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)-Twd,ed; 0---common Twf; Pwt; Wrp,sp; Orw-common #Solanum rostratum Dunal (buffalobur nightshade) TB-Wrp; Salix eriocephala Michx. [S. rigida Muhl.] (Missouri River willow) Orc,of,ps-frequent OL, OB, JL, TB, (TL)-Twf; Pwt; Wrp,sp; Orw-common #Solanum triflorum Nutt. (cutleaf nightshade) TB-Ore-sparse *Salix fragilis L. (crack willow) OB, TB-Wrp; Orw-sparse Salix humilis Marsh. (prairie willow) OB, (DL), JL, TB-Pms­ STAPHYLEACEAE sparse Staphylea trifolia L. (American bladdernut) OL, OB, (DL), JL, Salix interior Rowlee [Salix exiqua Nutt. ssp. interior (Rowlee) (TL), (TB)-Tmf-common Cronq.) (sandbar willow) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)-Twf; THYMELAEACEAE Wrp,sp-common Dirca palustris L. (eastern leatherwood) OL, (DL), JL, TL, TB­ Salix nigra Marsh. (black willow) OL, OB, (DL), (JL), (TL), Tmf-sparse (TB)-Twf; Pms,wt; W; Orw-common *Salix X rubens Schrank (S. alba X S. fragilis) TB-Orw-sparse ULMACEAE *Salix X sepulcralis Simonkai [S. babylonica L.] (weeping willow) Ulmus americana L. (American elm) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), (JL), (TB)-Our-common (TB)-Tmf,wf-common BOONE COUNTY FLORA 43

*U Imus pumila L. (Siberian elm) TL, TB-T; 0--common Parthenocissus quinquefolia (1.) Planchon (Virginia creeper) (DL), Ulmus rubra Muhl. (slippery elm) OL, OB, (DL), JL, TL, (TB)- (JL), TL, (TB)-T--common Tmf,wf--common Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) A. S. Hitchc. (woodbine) (JL), TL, Ulmus thomasii Sarg. (rock elm) OL, (DL), (JL), TL-Twf-sparse TB-T--common URTICACEAE Vitis riparia Michx. (riverbank grape) OL, OB, JL, (TL), (TB)-T; P; W; 0--common Boehmeria cylindrica (1.) Sw. (false nettle) OB, TL, (TB)-Twf; Wsp-common ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Laportea canadensis (1.) Wedd. (wood-nettle) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), *Tribulus terrestris L. (puncturevine) OB-0 (TB )-Tmf, wf--common Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. (Pennsylvania pellitory) TL, (TB)-Tmf; Wrp; 0--common APPENDIX B. Legal description and partial taxa lists of Pilea fontan:i (Lunell) Rydb. (lesser clearweed) TL, TB-Wsp--sparse sites hist~rically and/or currently containing significant Ptlea pumtla (1.) Gray (Canadian clearweed) (DL), TL, (TB)­ plant taxa m Boone Co., Iowa. Map of these sites (Fig. 2). Tmf,wf; Wrp,sp--common (1) Ledges State Park-Worth Township (T83N R26W) Sec. 9, Urtica dioica L. (stinging nettle) OL, OB, JL, (TL), (TB)­ Tmf,wf--common 10, 15, 16, 17,20, & 21--481.6 ha (1190 ac) See Appendix A for taxa VERBEN ACEAE (2) Don Williams Boone County Park-Pilot Mound & Yell #Glandularia canadensis (1.) Nutt. [Verbena canadensis (1.) Townships (T85N R27W & T84N R27W) Sec. 32 & 5- Britton] (rose mock vervain) TB-Ore-sparse 242 ha (598 ac) Park, 64.8 ha (160 ac) Lake Glandularia X hybrida (Gronland & Ri.impler) Nesom & Pruski (garden vervain) OB-0 Amorpha canescens Impatiens capensis Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene (lanceleaf fogfruit) OL, (DL), JL, Amorpha fruticosa Lathyrus venosus (TL), (TB)-Twf; W--common Andropogon gerardii Lespedeza capitata Verbena bracteata Cav. ex Lag. & Rodr. (bigbract verbena) OL, Androsace occidentalis *Lespedeza cuneata (DL), (TL), (TB)-0-common Arabis hirsuta Liatris aspera Verbena X deamii Moldenke (V. bracteata X V. stricta) TB-Orc­ Arnoglossum plantagineum Liparis loeselii sparse Artemisia dracunculus Lithospermum canescens Verbena X engelmannii Moldenke (V. urticifolia X V. hastata) TL, Artemisia ludoviciana Lithospermum incisum TB-Wrp--sparse Asplenium platyneuron Lobelia siphilitica Verbena hastata L. (swamp verbena) OL, (DL), JL, (TL), (TB)­ Astragalus canadensis Lobelia spicata Pwt; W--common Astragalus crassicarpus Lysimachia quadriflora Verbena X perriana Moldenke (V. bracteata X V. urticifolia) TL­ Botrychium dissectum Mentha arvensis Ted-sparse Bouteloua curtipendula Monarda fistulosa Bouteloua hirsuta Muhlenbergia cuspidata Verbena X rydbergii Moldenke (V. hastata X V. stricta) TL, TB­ Muhlenbergia racemosa W rp; Orw ,of,ps-infrequent Campanula aparinoides Oxalis violacea Verbena stricta Vent. (hoary verbena) OL, OB, (DL), (TL), (TB)­ Cardamine bulbosa Packera plattensis Pdr; Orw,rc,of,ps-common Cardamine pensylvanica Panicum virgatum Verbena urticifolia L. (white vervain) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Carex aggregata Pedicularis lanceolata (TB)-T; Wrp; 0--common Carex interior Polygonum ramosissimum VIOLACEAE Carex praticola subsp. ramosissimum Hybanthus concolor (T. F. Forst.) Spreng. (eastern greenviolet) OL, Carex suberecta Potamogeton illinoensis TL-Tmf, wf-sparse Carex trichocarpa Potentilla arguta Viola X bernardii Greene (V. pedatifida X V. sororia) OB, TB-P; Ceanothus americanus Psoralidium tenuiflorum Orw-sparse var. pitcheri Pycnanthemum virginianum Viola bicolor Pursh [V. rafinesquii Greene] (field pansy) TB­ Ceratophyllum demersum *Ranunculus testiculatus Orc-sparse Comandra umbellata Ribes americanum Viola missouriensis Greene (Missouri violet) OL, OB, (TL), (TB)­ Dalea candida Rudbeckia hirta Twf; Pms-infrequent Dalea purpurea Schizachyrium scoparium Viola missouriensis Greene X Viola sororia Willd. (Missouri violet Delphinium carolinianum *Sclerochloa dura X hairy blue violet) OL-T; 0 subsp. virescens Scutellaria parvula var. Viola palmata L. (wood violet) OB-T Desmodium illinoense missouriensis Viola pedata L. (birdfoot violet) OB, (TB)-Tdf,wd,ed-sparse Draba reptans Sisyrinchium campestre Viola pedatifida G. Don (prairie violet) OB, TB-P; Orw- Dracocephalum parviflorum Sorghastrum nutans infrequent Echinacea pallida Spiranthes magnicamporum Viola pubescens Aiton (downy yellow violet) OL, (DL), JL, TL, Elodea candensis Spirodela polyrhiza (TB )-Tmf,wf--common Epilobium coloratum Stuckenia pectinata Symphyotrichum lanceolatum Viola sororia Willd. (hairy blue violet) OL, OB, (DL), JL, (TL), Euphorbia corollata Eutrochium maculatum Symphyotrichum sericeum (TB)-T; P; W; 0--common Galearis spectabilis *Veronica serpyllifolia VITACEAE Helianthemum bicknellii Viola X bernardii *Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. (amur peppervine) Hesperostipa spartea Viola pedatifida TB-Our-sparse Hypericum ascyron Zannichellia palustris 44 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 117(2010)

(3) Pilot Mound State Forest (hilltop sandy native prairie)-Pilot Lobelia spicata Scutellaria parvula var. Mound Township (T85N R27W) Sec. 20 SE Y4 & Sec. 21 Packera plattensis missouriensis SWY4-13.76 ha (34 ac) Pedicularis canadensis Sisyrinchium campestre Phlox pilosa Sorghastrum nutans Andropogon gerardii Gentiana puberulenta Psoralidium batesii Zizia aurea Anemone cylindrica *lpomopsis rubra Schizachyrium scoparium Artemisia campestris ssp. Muhlenbergia cuspidata caudata Polanisia dodecandra ssp. (7) Large lower hillside springs complex (private property)--Des Asclepias viridiflora dodecandra Moines Township (T84N R26W) Sec. 13 NW Y4 NE Y4 Bouteloua curtipendula Potentilla arguta SE Y4-.4 ha (1 ac) Bouteloua hirsuta Rubus idaeus var. strigosus Eutrochium maculatum *Rumex patientia Agastache nepetoides Calylophus serrulatus Blephilia hirsuta Glyceria striata Castilleja sessiliflora *Salsola collina Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Schizachyrium scoparium Caltha palustris Conyza ramosissima Impatiens capensis Sorghastrum nutans Campanula americana Cuscuta pentagona Cardamine bulbosa Lobelia siphilitica Cyperus lupulinus ssp. Sporobolus heterolepis Carex hystericina Lysimachia ciliata macilentus Symphyotrichum drummondii Carex lacustris Ribes americanum Dichanthelium wilcoxianum Symphyotrichum oblongifolium Carex stipata var. stipata Rudbeckia triloba Eragrostis spectabilis Chelone glabra Silene nivea (4) Gardner native prairie remnants (savannas) (private proper­ Doellingeria umbellata var. Silphium perfoliatum ty)-Pilot Mound Township (T85N R27W) Sec. 27 SE Y4 pubens Sphenopholis intermedia NWY4 NWY4-461 Juniper Rd.-.4 ha (1 ac) Eupatorium perfoliatum Symphyotrichum prenanthoides Andropogon gerardii Eupatorium altissimum (8) Large lower hillside springs complex (DNR Public Area)-­ Anemone cylindrica Helianthemum bicknellii Des Moines Township (T84N R26W) Sec. 23 NWY4 NWY4 Arnoglossum plantagineum Lespedeza capitata SE Y4-6 ha (15 ac) Astragalus crassicarpus Linum sulcatum Bouteloua curtipendula Lithospermum canescens Asplenium platyneuron Impatiens capensis Bouteloua hirsuta Oenothera villosa Caltha palustris Lilium michiganense Brickellia eupatorioides Packera plattensis Cardamine bulbosa Liparis loeselii Ceanothus americanus var. Psoralidium batesii Carex hystericina Lobelia siphilitica pitcheri Schizachyrium scoparium Carex stipata var. stipata Lythrum alatum Cyperus lupulinus ssp. macilentus Sisyrinchium campestre Carex vulpinoidea Pedicularis lanceolata Dalea purpurea Solidago nemoralis Chaerophyllum procumbens Ranunculus sceleratus Danthonia spicata Vicia americana C icuta maculata Ribes americanum Dichanthelium perlongum Viola pedatifida Cystopteris bulbifera Rumex britannica Echinacea pallida Eupatorium perfoliatum Sagittaria brevirostra Eutrochium maculatum Sparganium eurycarpum (5) Hilltop native prairie remnant (private property)-Harrison Glyceria striata Township (T85N R25W) Sec. 6 SE Y4 NW Y4 NW Y4 SE Y4- 2 ha (5 ac) (9) Small lower hillside spring (DNR Public Area)--Des Moines Township (T84N R26W) Sec. 26 NE Y4 NW Y4 NW Y4- Achillea millefolium Hesperostipa spartea <.4 ha (<1 ac) Amorpha canescens Lithospermum incisum Andropogon gerardii Monarda fistulosa Cardamine bulbosa Impatiens capensis Anemone patens var. multifida Muhlenbergia cuspidata Carex bebbii Lysimachia ciliata Aristida oligantha Onosmodium bejariense var. Carex hystericina Lythrum alatum Asclepias verticillata occidentale Carex stipata var. stipata Ribes americanum Asclepias viridiflora Ratibida columnifera Carex vulpinoidea Silphium perfoliatum Baptisia bracteata var. Rudbeckia hirta Chelone glabra Sphenopholis intermedia leucophaea Schizachyrium scoparia Eupatorium perfoliatum Verbesina alternifolia Bouteloua curtipendula Sporobolus compositus Glyceria striata Echinacea pallida Verbena stricta Euphorbia corollata Vernonia fasciculata (10) Small lower hillside spring (DNR Public Area)--Des Moines Township (T84N R26W) Sec. 25 SWY4 SWY4 (6) Native prairie remnant (savanna) (private properry)--Des Moines SE Y4-<.4 ha (<1 ac) Township (T84N R26W) Sec. 7 SW SW SE ha (1 ac) Y4 Y4 Y4-.4 Arisaema triphyllum Che/one glabra Amorpha canescens Dalea purpurea Caltha palustris Eupatorium perfoliatum Andropogon gerardii Danthonia spicata Campanula aparinoides Eutrochium maculatum Apocynum androsaemifolium Echinacea pallida Cardamine bulbosa Glyceria striata Arnoglossum plantagineum Galium boreale Carex hystericina Impatiens capensis Asclepias viridiflora Hieracium scabrum Carex interior Lobelia siphilitica Bouteloua curtipendula Lathyrus ochroleucus Carex stipata var. stipata Lythrum alatum Comandra umbellata Lespedeza capitata Carex vulpinoidea Podophyllum peltatum Dalea candida Lithospermum canescens Chaerophyllum procumbens Sagittaria brevirostra BOONE COUNTY FLORA 45

(11) Small lower hillside spring (DNR Public Area)-Des (16) Lower hillside spring (DNR Public Area)-Worth Township Moines Township (T84N R26W) Sec. 36 NE Y4 NW Y4 (T83N R26W) Sec. 33 NEY4 SEY4 NWY4-<.4 ha (

(13) Small hilltop oak savanna (private property)--Marcy Township (18) RR ROW prairie (Operational Union Pacific RR)-Jackson (T83N R26W) Sec. 32 NWY4 NWY4 NWY4-<.4 ha(

Carex vulpinoidea Pediomelum argophyllum (22) Large spring, sedge meadow, & beaver pond complex (DNR *Chenopodium glaucum Phlox pilosa Public Area)--Cass Township (T82N R26W) Sec. 22 NW lf4 *Chloris verticillata Plantago patagonica SW lf4 SW lf4-8 ha (20 ac) Cicuta maculata Poa sylvestris Comandra umbellata Psoralidium batesii Acorus americanus Eupatorium perfoliatum Cyperus cuminatus Pycnanthemum virginianum Acorus calamus Eutrochium maculatum Eupatorium perfoliatum Ratibida pinnata Campanula aparinoides Lobelia siphilitica Euphorbia corollata Ribes americanum Carex granularis Lysimachia thyrsiflora Euthamia graminifolia Rubus roribaccus Carex hystericina Ranuncunlus pensylvanicus *Fumaria officinalis Salvia reflexa Carex stipata var. stipata Rumex britannica Galium boreale Schoenoplectus pungens Carex suberecta Sagittaria brevirostra Glyceria striata Silphium integrifolium Cuscuta coryli Scutellaria galericulata Glycyrrhiza lepidota Silphium laciniatum Cuscuta pentagona Verbena X engelmannii Heliopsis helianthoides Sisyrinchium campestre Iris virginica #Solanum triflorum Solidago rigida Liatris pycnostachya (23) RR ROW (abandoned)--Union Township (T82N R28W) Lilium michiganense Spiranthes magnicamporum Sec. 19, 30, & 32 Lithospermum canescens Sporobolus cryptandrus Lysimachia ciliata Symphoricarpos occidentalis Lythrum alatum Tradescantia bracteata Ambrosia psilostachya Hierochloe odorata Muhlenbergia asperifolia Triodanis leptocarpa Amorpha canescens Hypoxis hirsuta Packera pseudaurea var. V eronicastrum virginicum Andropogon gerardii Lespedeza capitata semicordata Viola bicolor Anemone canadensis Liatris aspera Pedicularis canadensis Zizia aurea Artemisia ludoviciana Liatris pycnostachya Asclepias tuberosa ssp. interior Lithospermum canescens (20) Little Bluestem Native Prairie & Adjacent Hillside Woods Asclepias viridiflora Lobelia siphilitica (DNR public area)--Cass Township (T82N R26W) Sec. 22 Brickellia eupatorioides Lysimachia quadriflora NE lf4 NW lf4 SW lf4 & SE lf4 NW lf4 SW lf4-6 ha (15 ac) Carex atherodes Lythrum alatum Amorpha canescens Linum sulcatum Carex bicknellii Mirabilis albida Anemone virginiana Mirabilis albida Carex buxbaumii Monarda fistulosa Arabis glabra Monarda fistulosa Carex granularis Panicum virgatum Arabis hirsuta Muhlenbergia cuspidata Carex praegracilis Pediomelum argophyllum Asclepias verticillata Oenothera villosa Carex prairea Phlox pilosa Asplenium platyneuron Onoclea sensibilis Chamaecrista fasciculata Phragmites australis Athyrium filix-femina Onosmodium bejariense var. *Chenopodium murale Ratibida pinnata Botrychium dissectum occidentale Cicuta maculata Salix humilis Bouteloua curtipendula Phlox pilosa Comandra umbellata Schizachyrium scoparium Bouteloua hirsuta Physalis virginiana Coreopsis palmata Silphium laciniatum Brickellia eupatorioides Plantago virginica Dalea purpurea Sisyrinchium campestre Calylophus serrulata Poinsettia cyathophora Desmanthus illinoensis Solidago rigida Carex eburnea Poinsettia dentata *Eriochloa villosa Sorghastrum nutans Cyperus lupulinus ssp. lupulinus Potentilla arguta Eryngium yuccifolium Spiranthes magnicamporum Dalea purpurea Schizachyrium scoparium Eupatorium altissimum Sporobolus compositus Delphinium carolinianum Euphorbia corollata Scutellaria. . parvula . var. Sporobolus heterolepis subsp. virescens mzssourtensts Euthamia graminifolia Symphyotrichum novae- Dichanthelium oligosanthes Sisyrinchium campestre Gentiana puberulenta angliae subsp. scribnerianum Spiranthes ova/is Glycyrrhiza lepidota Vernonia baldwinii Dryopteris carthusiana Thaspium barbinode Helenium autumnale Vernonia fasciculata Hesperostipa spartea Tradescantia bracteata Helianthus grosseserratus Veronicastrum virginicum Lespedeza capitata Verbena stricta Helianthus maximiliani V icia americana Heliopsis helianthoides Zizia aurea (21) Gravel Pits (abandoned) (DNR Public Area)--Cass Township (T82N R26W) Sec. 22 SW lf4 NW lf4 SE lf4 & NW lf4 SW lf4 SE lf4-4 ha (10 ac) (24) Gravel Pit (abandoned)--Douglas Township (T86N R26W) Anemone canadensis Cuscuta polygonorum Sec. 34 SE lf4 SW lf4 NE lf4-8 ha (20 ac) Arabis glabra Eupatorium perfoliatum Carex granularis Liparis loeselii Croton capitatus var. capitatus Strophostyles leiosperma Carex hystericina Potamogeton spp. Oenothera laciniata Trichostema brachiatum Carex lupulina Spiranthes magnicamporum Plantago patagonica Triodanis leptocarpa Carex stipata var. stipata Spiranthes ova/is Plantago virginica Verbena X deamii Carex vulpinoidea V ulpia octoflora Polanisia dodecandra ssp. Viola bicolor Cerastium nutans dodecandra Vulpia octoflora