Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Volume 98 Number Article 4

1991

An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Flora of Guthrie County, Iowa

Dean M. Roosa Department of Natural Resources

Lawrence J. Eilers University of Northern Iowa

Scott Zager University of Northern Iowa

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Recommended Citation Roosa, Dean M.; Eilers, Lawrence J.; and Zager, Scott (1991) "An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Flora of Guthrie County, Iowa," Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS, 98(1), 14-30. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/jias/vol98/iss1/4

This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jour. Iowa Acad. Sci. 98(1): 14-30, 1991

An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plant Flora of Guthrie County, Iowa

DEAN M. ROOSA 1, LAWRENCE J. EILERS2 and SCOTI ZAGER2

1Department of Natural Resources, Wallace State Office Building, Des Moines, Iowa 50319 2Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50604

The known vascular plant flora of Guthrie County, Iowa, based on field, herbarium, and literature studies, consists of748 taxa (species, varieties, and hybrids), 135 of which are naturalized. Species which appear on the state's list of endangered and threatened species, or are otherwise rare, are discussed. There is an affinity of the plants of Guthrie County with those of the Ozark plateau, and with specialized habitats providing extensions of ranges for species normally found farther north or east. INDEX DESCRIPTORS: Guthrie County flora, Iowa vascular plant flora, endangered Iowa plants.

Guthrie County is located in the southwest quarter of Iowa, the Climate fourth county from both the Missouri River to the west and from the The climate is continental -winters are severe and cause a relatively Missouri border to the south. The surface area is 600 sq. mi. (1555 long annual dormant period for plants. Growing season (frost-free sq. km.). The county is composed of two major landform regions, the days) averages around 165 days, from April 15 to October 6. Most of Des Moines Lobe in the northeast portion north of the Raccoon River, the precipitation occurs in the form of rain during the spring and and the Southern Iowa Drift Plain south of the Raccoon River (names summer with June being the month of highest average precipitation. for landform regions after Prior, 1976). The former is a relatively young landscape, characterized by level uplands with deep, black Soils soils; the latter, last glaciated 600,000 years ago, is a mature, Two soil associations occur in Guthrie County. The approximate dissected landscape characterized by wooded ravines, loess capped northeast one-fifth is in the Clarion-Nicollet-Webster association, de­ knobs, and eroded sideslopes where ancient tills are exposed. Out­ rived from calcareous glacial till. The remainder of the county lies in crops of Dakota sandstone occur in the region of Springbrook State the Marshall soil association. Loess covers the uplands and high Park and near Coon Rapids. Lakin Slough is a shallow glacial pond benches or terraces along major streams; till outcrops on the lower part located on the Des Moines Lobe in the northeast portion of the of strongly sloping areas. The Marshall soils gradually change west­ county. ward into the Monona soils of the Monona-Ida-Hamburg association.

PLANT COMMUNITIES

Following are locations and characteristic spe­ Onosmodium mo/le mr. occidentale Ruderal areas. Roadsides, old fields, and edges cies of each community-type. Figures 1-9 illus­ Pediome/um argophyllum of cultivated fields; widely distributed. trate common communities or rare plants. Rudbeckia serotina Abuti/on theophrasti Upland Prairie. Section 28, Valley Twp.; Sec­ So/idago canadmsis Achi//ea mi//efo/ium tion 25, Bear Grove Twp.; Section 33, Seely Twp. So/idago rigida Agrostis gigantea (See Fig. 1, 2) Sorghastrum nutans Amaranthus retrof/exus Stipa spartea Amorpha canescen.r Ambrosia artemisiifo/ia Andropogon gerardii Fen. A degraded peatland in a pasture in NW Ambrosia trifida Anet1Wne cy/indrica 114, Section 17, Highland Twp. (See Fig. 3) Arctium minus AriJtida oligantha Aster puniceus Asclepias syriaca Artemesia /udoviciana Ca/tha palustris Brassica nigra Aster ericoides Carr/amine bu/bosa Bromus inermis Asclepias tuberosa Came gravida Cannabis satim Baptisia lactea Came hystricina Capsella bursa-pastoris Boute/oua curtipendula Came prairea Carduus nutans Cacalia plantaginea Equisetum arvense Cenchrus longispinus Comandra umbellata Eupatorium maculatum Chenopodium album Coreopsis palmata Eupatorium perfoliatum Cirsium arvense Da/ea candida Glyceria striata Cirsium 1111/gare Da/ea purpurea Helianthus grosseserratus Euphorbia dentata Echinacea pa/Iida Lemna minor Helianthus annuus Eryngium yuccifo/ium Lythrum alatum Hibiscus trionum Gnaphalium obtusifo/ium PediculariJ lanceolata Lepidium densif/orum Helianthus grosseserratus PhalariJ arundinacea Malm negleaa Helianthus maximi/iani Pycnanthemum virginianum Matricaria matricarioides He/iopsis he/ianthoides Rumex orbiculatus Mirabilis nyctaginea Heuchera richardsonii Scripus atrovirens Pastinaca saliva Koe/eria macrantha Scirpus f/uviatile Polygonum aviculare Lespedna capitata Typha latifo/ia Portulaca o/eracea Liatris aspera Viola nephrophy/la Rumex acetocella FLORA OF GUTHRIE COUNTY 15

Sa/so/a iberica Osmunda claytoniana Cory/us americana Setaria glauca Parthenocissus quinquefolius Danthonia spicata Setaria viridis Podophyllum peltatum Echinacea pallida Solanum americanum Tilia americana Solanum rostratum Uvularia grandiflora Equisetum laevigatum Sonchus asper Festuca obtusa Shallow marshes. Lakin slough, Sections 34 & Hedeoma hispidum Taraxacum officinale 35, Richland Twp.; McCord Pond, Section 8, Tragopogon major Highland Twp.; Bays Branch, Sections 10, 15, Helianthemum bicknellii Verbena bracteata 22, Cass Twp. (See Fig. 6) Heuchera richardsonii Verbena stricta Hypoxis hirsuta Xanthium strumarium Alisma plantago-aquatica Koeleria macrantha Asclepias incarnata Dry, rocky or gravelly knobs. Sections 28 & Carex atherodes Lespedeza capitata 29, Jackson Twp., T79N, R30W. (See Fig. 4) Carex vulpinoidea Lithospermum caroliniense Aristida basiramea Ceratophyllum demersum Lycopodium lucidulum Aristida curtissii Cicuta maculata Mirabilis hirsuta Aristida oligantha Cyperus erythrorhizos Penstemon digitalis Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata Eleocharis acicularis Poa compressa Asclepias stenophylla Eleocharis erythropoda Quercus alba Bouteloua curtipendula Eupatorium perfoliatum Quercus macrocarpa Bouteloua hirsuta Iris shrevei Quercus velutina Cyperus filiculmis J uncus interior Cyperus schweinitzii Lemna minor Rubus allegheniensis Dichanthelium depauperatum Lemna trisulca Senecio plattensis Lespedeza capitata Lobelia siphilitica Sporobolous asper Liatris punctata Penthorum sedoides Strophostyler he/vu/a Monarda punctata Phalaris arundinacea Tradescantia ohiensis Opuntia macrorhiuz Polygonum amphibium Woodsia obtusa Paspalum setaceum var. ciliatifolium Potamogeton nodosus Strophostyles he/vu/a Rumex orbiculatus Hillside seep. North half of Section 22, Sagittaria brevirostra Scirpus americanus Valley Twp. (See Fig. 7) Moist woods and wooded ravines. Section Scirpus atrovirens Asclepias incarnata 14, Bear Grove Twp., Sec. 4, Victory Twp. (See Scirpus fluviatilis Bidens cernua Fig. 5) Scirpus validus Carex lacustris Acer nigrum Sparaganium eurycarpum Carex vulpinoidea Acer saccharinum Typha X glauca Cicuta maculata Aesculus glabra Typha latifolia Epilobium glandulosum Adiantum pedatum Woljfia columbiana Aralia nudicaulis Eupatorium perfoliatum Glyceria striata Arisaema dracontium Sandy ledges and dry sandy slopes. Impatiens capensis Arisaema triphyllum (Crumbling Dakota sandstone). Section 4, Lemna minor Asarum canadense Victory Twp., vicinity of Springbrook State Athyrium angustum Liparis loerelii Botrychium virginianum Park. Lycopus asper Carex davisii Amorpha canescens Lythrum alatum Caulophyllum thalictroides Androprogon ge,rardii Mentha arvensis Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens Antennaria plantaginifolia Onoclea sensibilis Cystopteris protrusa Aristida basiraf!U'4 Pycnanthemum virginianum Dicentra cucullaria Aster sagittifolius Erythronium albidum Rorippa palustris Fraxinus pennsylvanica Astragalus canadensis Sagittaria latifolia Galium aparine Carex blanda Sparganium eurycarpum Hydrophyllum virginianum Carex brevior Thelypteris palustris Liparis liliifolia Carex pensylvanica Typha latifolia Matteuccia struthiopteris Carex rosea Monotropa uniflora Ceanothus americanus var. pitcheri

DISCUSSION OF THE FLORA possesses a wider variety of habitats than most counties in the region. The marshes on the Des Moines Lobe provide habitat for a wetland The only previous study of vegetation of Guthrie County was done flora generally missing in southwest Iowa. The moist wooded slopes by Fay (1953), as part of a study of the southwest Iowa flora for a along the Raccoon River provide habitat for an extension of the range doctoral dissertation. Because this study was never published, infor­ of the black maple (Acer nigrum). The presence of a fen in the mation on plants of this part of Iowa has been unavailable to many northwestern part of the county provides habitat for fen species (e.g. natural historians. Kennedy (1970) studied Sheeder Prairie for a Carex prairea) and may indicate the presence of other fens on the master's thesis, but the orientation was ecological and his thesis also Southern Iowa Drift Plain. There is an affinity of the flora of Guthrie was not published. County with that of the Ozark Plateau. Trees of southern distribution The vascular plant flora of Guthrie County, as here compiled, (e.g. Betula nigra, Quercus prinoides, and Platanus occidentalis) have consists of 748 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids), 135 migrated up river valleys into Guthrie County, where they terminate (18.0%) of which are non-native. their ranges. Betula nigra was found by Fay (1953) in Springbrook Because the county lies in two quite different landforms, it State Park and in Adams County. Fitzpatrick reported it from l6 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 98( 199 l)

Figs. 1-2. Fig. 1. Sheeder Prairie; an 8.1 hectare (20-acre) prairie in Sec. 33, Seely Twp. Fig. 2. Prairie remnant in Sec. 17, Highland Twp. FLORA OF GUTHRIE COUNTY 17

Figs. 3-4. Fig. 3. Fen in Sec. 17, Highland Twp. Fig. 4. Dry gravelly knob with sandstone outcrop in Sec. 29, Jackson Twp. 18 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 98( 199 l)

Figs. 5-6. Fig. 5. Moist woods in Sec. 14, Bear Grove Twp. Fig. 6. Lakin Slough in Sec. 3, Richland Twp. FLORA OF GUTHRIE COUNTY 19

Figs. 7-8. Fig. 7. Hillside seep in Sec. 22, Valley Twp. Fig. 8. Asc/epias stenophylla on gravelly knob in Sec. 29, Jackson Twp. 20 ]OUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 98(1991)

Ringgold Co. (cited in Fay, 1953). These seem to be the only previously known in Iowa from Clayton, Dickinson, Emmet, Mus­ southwest Iowa records for this species. Betula nigra is on the very catine, Story, Webster and Winneshiek counties. northwest edge of its range in Guthrie County. Dichanthelium linearifolium. This grass grows in dry, rocky woods in Quercus prinoides is widespread in the eastern and southern states. It Springbrook State Park. It was previously known in Iowa only from is at the northern edge of its Iowa range in Guthrie County. (This Dubuque, Jackson, Marion and Wapello counties. taxon may not be distinguishable from Q. muhlenbergii Engelm.) Distichlis spicata var. stricta (Salt grass). This grass, widespread in The range of Platanus occidmtalis is rapidly attenuated as it reaches saline habitats in the western U.S., is becoming more frequent in central and southwest Iowa. Guthrie County seems to be the very Iowa where it grows on the shoulders of roadsides in soil enriched by northwestern edge of its narural range. salt used in de-icing highways. Prior to 1980 the species was known Presence of endangered, threatened or otherwise rare species. in Iowa from Boone and Ida counties. It has since been found in The Department of Natural Resources, under authority of Chapter Carroll, Polk, Story, Tama, and Warren Counties. In 1985 a 109A, Code of Iowa, is required to maintain a list of endangered and populaton was found in Guthrie County growing along Highway 44 threatened species (see Chapter 77, Administrative Code of Iowa; in Section 5, Seely Twp. This population was observed in anthesis Roosa, Leoschke, and Eilers, 1989). Seven species from this list occur during the Foray. A second population was found during the Foray in Guthrie County. These are Amorpha nana (last collected in 1904), along Hwy. 25 in Section 24, Thompson Twp. Asclepias stenophylla, Cypripedium reginae (last collected in 1930, Lechea intermedia. This species was found in Section 28, Valley probably extirpated), Dichanthelium linearifolium, Lechea intermedia, Twp. by Fay (1953) on dry, rocky soil. It has been found in only two Platanthera praeclara, and Schedonnardus paniculatus (last collected in other Iowa counties; Allamakee (Hartley, 1966), and Dubuque 1928). The status of these and other species of uncommon occurrence (Lehmann, 1983). It was not observed during the Foray. are discussed in the following section. Liparis loeselii (Bog twayblade). This orchid is known principally Notes on uncommon members of the flora. from eastern Iowa and the fens of northwest Iowa. It was found in Amaranthus arenicola. This species was found in Springbrook State 1986 in a hillside seep in Section 22, Valley Twp. This extends the Park by Z.ager in 1985, growing in sandy river alluvium. It is widely known range southward from Dickinson County and westward from distributed in the Great Plains west of Iowa. Prior to this report, the Grundy County. only Iowa occurrences were in Muscatine County in 1895 and Palo Lycopodium lucidulum (Shining clubmoss). This clubmoss is princi­ Alto County in 1935. pally restricted to eastern Iowa, with previous central Iowa records Ammania robusta. This species was recently recognized as a separate from Boone County in 1933 and Webster County in 1977. In 1986, taxon (Graham, 1979). It apparently is on the very northern edge of Scott Z.ager located a large population on a crumbling sandstone its Iowa range in Guthrie County. It is widespread in the southern hillside in Section 4, Victory Twp. It was observed during the Foray. Great Plains. Opuntia macrorhiza (Bigroot prickly pear). Previously this cactus was known in Iowa from sandy sites in Polk and Allamakee counties. Amorpha nana (Fragrant false indigo). This species was collected in A large population was found on a rocky, pastured hillside in Section Guthrie County in 1904 by Pammel and from Decatur County in 12, Thompson Twp. A smaller population was found in Section 29, 1904 by Anderson (Fay, 1953). It is now known from Bremer, Clay, Jackson Twp. It possesses a tuberous root in contrast to the fibrous Dickinson, Emmet, Fayette, Hardin, Kossuth, 1.fon, Osceola, and root system of 0. humifusa. (See Fig. 9) Palo Alto counties. Osmunda claytoniana (Interrupted fem). A single plant of this fem Asclepias stenophylla (Narrow-leaved milkweed). This milkweed is was observed by Fay (1953) in Section 14, Bear Grove Twp. A large widely distributed in Nebraska, Kansas, and western Missouri. It was population was found during the Foray in Section 4, Victory Twp. discovered by Jim Peck (#80-13 7 ISTC) in Sioux County on June 3, This is the western edge of its range in Iowa. 1980 as a species new to Iowa. In 1982 it was found in Plymouth Platanthera praeclara (Western prairie fringed orchid). A large County (Novacek et al. 1985). In 1985, Scott Zager found it in population of this orchid was found in a native prairie in Seely Twp. Guthrie County growing on a dry prairie in Section 3, Seely Twp. (Leoschke and Klier no. 368 ISC). This species was previously During the Foray, seven plants were found on a rocky hillside in collected in the county in 1952 (Niemann, 1986). Section 28, Jackson Twp. (See Fig. 8) Quercus prinoides (Dwarf chinquapin oak). This oak is of southern Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens (Yellow lady's slipper). Two distribution and reaches the northern edge of its range in Guthrie known extant populations occur in Guthrie County. Both are in County. It was reported by Fay (1953) from a dry hilltop four miles moist woodlands; one in Section 17, Baker Twp., the other in Section north of Casey. It was not observed during the Foray. (This taxon may 14, Bear Grove Twp. Both populations were confirmed during the be inseparable from Q. muhlenbergiz). Foray. The closest known extant Iowa populations are in Decatur, Rhus aromatica (Fragrant sumac). Previously unknown from the Boone, and Buena Vista Counties. western half of Iowa, this species was reported by Fay (1953) and Cypripedium candidum (Small white lady's slipper). A small popula­ found by Z.ager on dry sandy soil in Springbrook State Park. It may tion of this orchid was reported to Mark Leoschke by Linda Gucciardo be introduced. in 1985. It has been seen during succeeding years and was observed Schedonnardus paniculatus (Tumblegrass). This grass was collected during the foray. The closest known extant Iowa populations are in from a barren hilltop near Menlo in 1928 (Pohl, 1966). Favorable Decatur, Polk, and Cherokee counties. habitat could not be located in this area during the Foray. This species Cypripedium reginae (Showy lady's slipper). Last collected in 1930 by is known from Harrison, I.fan, Page, and Plymouth counties in Kness from the bank of the Raccoon River, seven miles below Coon extreme western Iowa. Rapids; this taxon is probably extirpated from the county. This Symplocarpus foetidus (Skunk cabbage). A small population exists in record, along with a 1922 collection from Emmet County, represent a hillside seep near the ranger's residence in Springbrook State Park. the western-most known Iowa populations (Niemann 1986). It The original plants were introduced. formerly occurred in Dallas, Polk and Webster counties as the closest Trillium grandiflorum (Large-leaved trillium). There exists in the stations. The westernmost known extant Iowa station is in Hamilton Iowa State University herbarium a voucher of this species from County. Springbrook State Park. It is undoubtedly another introduction Dichanthelium depauperatum. A fairly large population of this grass because western Iowa is considerably out of the species' normal range. was found on a barren hillside in Section 29, Jackson Twp. It was Woodsia obtusa (Blunt-leaved woodsia). This fem occurs on Dakota FLORA OF GUTHRIE COUNTY 21

sandstone outcrops near Springbrook State Park. This species is Abundance designations while somewhat qualitative, are as fol- principally restricted to eastern Iowa. The Guthrie County collection lows: and an old Cass County collection represent the western edge of its Common ...... seen at more than 10 sites in the county range in Iowa. Frequent ...... seen at 6-10 sites CHECKLIST OF GUTHRIE COUNTY PLANTS Infrequent ...... seen at 3-5 sites The following checklist is a compilation of species vouchered by Rare...... seen at 1 or 2 sites Fay (1953), observed or vouchered during the Natural History Foray Introduced species are designated by an asterisk. Nomenclature (May 27-June 4, 1988), subsequent trips to the county, results of a follows Eilers (1989), except the common names for the Cyperaceae, study of the plants of Springbrook State Park by Zager, and by records which follows Gilly ( 1946). Also, Dichanthelium linearfolium is kept of other botanists. Published sources (e.g. Pohl 1966) were also separate from D. perlongum, and a few common names were taken consulted. The herbarium at Iowa State University was searched in its from the Great Plains Flora. Abbreviations for herbaria follow entirety. Specimens found there and not otherwise recorded are cited Lanjouw and Stafleu ( 1964). by collector name. LYCOPODIOPHYTA j uniperns virginiana L. Red cedar. Common on dry Osmorhiza /ongisty/is (Torr.) DC. Anise root. Infre­ LYCOPODIACEAE (Clubmoss Family) hilltops and in pastures. quent in moist woods. Lycopodium /ucidu/um Michx. Shining clubmoss. MAGNOLIOPHYTA: MAGNOLIATAE *Pastinaca sativa L. Wild parnship. Common on Rare. Crumbling sandstone cliff in Sec. 4, (Dicots) roadsides. Victory Twp. Zager no. 1511 (ISTC). Polytaenia nutta//ii DC. Prairie parsley. Rare in ACANTHACEAE (Acanthus Family) EQUISETOPHYTA prairies and on borders of upland woods. Rue//ia humilis Nutt. Wild petunia. Infrequent in EQUISETACEAE (Horsetail Family) Sanicula canadensis L. Black snakeroot. Common sandy soil. Equisetum arvense L. Common Horsetail. Com­ in moist woods. ACERACEAE (Maple Family) mon in damp woods, meadows and waste Sanicu/a gregaria Bickn. Common snakeroot. Acer negundo L. Box-elder. Common tree of allu­ places; often abundant in roadside ditches. Common in upland woods. vial woods, stream banks, roadsides, and Equisetum X ferrissii Clute Ferriss' hybrid scour­ Sium suave Walt. Water parsnip. Infrequent in farmyards. ing-rush. Frequent in moist prairies (cited in marshes. Acer saccharinum L. Silver maple. Common tree of Peck, 1983). Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude Yellow pimper­ bottomlands, usually near streams. Equisetum hyema/e L. Scouring-rush. Frequent nel. Infrequent on calcareous wooded slopes. Acer nigrnm Michx. f. Black maple. Infrequent in along shores of streams or Jakes and in moist Zizia aurea (L.) W. Koch Golden Alexanders. moist ravines of the Raccoon River Valley. lowlands. Common in moist prairies, on roadsides, and Equisetum /aevigatum A. Br. Smooth scouring­ AMARANTHACEAE (Amaranth Family) in alluvial openings. rush. Common on dry roadside banks, in Amaranthus a/bus L. Pigweed. Common weed of APOCYNACEAE (Dogbane Family) fence rows, and prairies. dry disturbed soil. Apocynum androsaemifo/ium L. Spreading dogbane. POLYPODIOPHYTA Amaranthus arenicola I.M. Johnston. Rare in dry Infrequent in disturbed moist sites. ADIANTACEAE sand. Zager no. 611 (ISTC) Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian hemp. Common Adiantum pedatum L. Maidenhair fern. Common Amaranthus graecizam L. Prostrate pigweed. on roadsides and alluvial woodland edges. in moist wooded ravines. Common weed of dry disturbed soil. ARALIACEAE (Ginseng Family) ASPLENIACEAE *Amaranthus retrof/exus L. Pigweed. Common in Ara/ia nudicau/is L. Wild sarsaparilla. Frequent Asplenium rhizophy//um L. Walking fern. Rare in disturbed soil. on moist wooded slopes. sandy ravines (cited in Peck, 1976). Amaranthus rudis Sauer. Common in wet, alluvial Aralia racemosa L. Spikenard. Infrequent on sandy Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Pres!. Lady fern. In­ floodplains. or rocky wooded banks. frequent in rich wooded ravines. ANACARDIACEAE (Cashew Family) Panax quinquefo/ius L. Ginseng. Rare on moist Cystopteris protrnsa (Weath.) Blasdell Creeping Rhus aromatica Air. Fragrant sumac. Rare in dry wooded slopes. fragile fern. Common in rich woods. sandy soil in Springbrook State Park. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE (Birthwort Family) Cystopteris tenuis Raf. Rare on rock outcrops (cited Rhus glabra L. Smooth sumac. Common shrub of Asarum canadense L. Wild ginger. Frequent in in Peck, 1983) thickets and borders of woods. moist wooded ravines. Dryopteris carthusiana (Viii.) H.P. Fuchs Spinu­ Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. negundo lose wood fern. Rare in sandy ravines. (Greene) Gillis Poison Ivy. Very common ASCLEPIADACEAE (Milkweed Family) Matteuccia strnthiopteris (L.) Todaro Ostrich in woods and thickets. Asc/epias incarnata L. Swamp milkweed. Com­ fern. Rare in sandy wooded ravines in Sec. 4, Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene mon in swales and on shores of marshes. Victory Twp. Roosa no. 6671 (ISTC) Poison Ivy. Common in open fencerows and Asc/epias purpurascens L. Purple milkweek. Infre­ Onoc/ea sensibi/is L. Sensitive fern. Infrequent in woodland edges. quent in sandy prairie soil. wet alluvial woods, marshy lowlands, and APIACEAE (Parsley Family) Asclepias stenophy/la Gray Narrow-leaved milk­ near Jakeshores. Chaerophy//um procumbens (L.) Crantz Chervil. weed. Rare. Rocky hillside in Sec. 28, Jack­ The/ypteris pa/ustris (Laws.) Fern. Marsh fern. Rare in alluvial woods. son Twp. and dry prairie in Sec. 3, Seely Twp. Rare. Hillside seep in Sec. 22, Valley Twp. Cicuta macu/ata L. Water hemlock. Common in Roosa no. 6669 (ISTC); Zager no. 591 Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. Infrequent on moist marshes, lowland woods, and on shores. (ISTC). outcrops of Dakota sandstone, Springbrook *Conium macu/atum L. Poison hemlock. Infre­ Asclepias su//ivantii Englm. ex Gray Prairie State Park. quent weed of waste places and roadsides. milkweed. Infrequent in moist prairie soil in OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Honeworc. Fre­ Seely Twp. (Adder's-tongue Family) quent in moist woods. Asc/epias syriaca L. Common milkweed. Common Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake fern. *Daucus carota L. Queen Anne's lace. Common on roadsides, grainfields, and along railroads. Frequent in moist woods. weed of roadsides, fields, and waste places. Asclepias tuberosa L. ssp. interior Woodson But­ OSMUNDACEAE Eryngium yuccifo/ium Michx. Rattlesnake master. terfly-weed. Frequent in prairie soil. Osmunda claytoniana L. Interrupted fern. Rare. Common in moist to mesic prairies. Asc/epias vertici/lata L. Whorled milkweed. Com­ Wooded ravines in Sec. 14, Bear Grove Twp. *Fa/caria sioides (Wibel) Ascherson Sickleweed. mon along roads, railroads, and in dry dis­ and in Sec. 4, Victory Twp. Roosa no. 6665 Rare weed. Near Stuart, Gilman, 1931 (ISC). turbed sites. (ISTC) Herac/eum lanatum Michx. Cow parsnip. Frequent Asc/epias viridif/ora Raf. Green milkweed. Infre­ in alluvial woods. quent on dry prairies. PINOPHYTA Osmorhiza c/aytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke Sweet Cynanchum /aeve (Michx.) Pers. Bluevine. Fre­ CUPRESSACEAE (Cypress Family) cicely. Frequent in rather moist woods. quent in sandy alluvium. 22 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 98(1991)

ASTERACEAE (Composite Family) tain. Rare in mesic prairies. pra1nes. Achillea millefolium L. ssp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper *Carduus nutans L. Musk thistle. Frequent on Helianthus strumosus L. Pale-leaved sunflower. In­ Yarrow. Common on roadsides, in prairies, moist, weedy roadsides and in fallow fields. frequent in woodlands. and in cultivated fields. *Chichorium intybus L. Chicory. Common weed of Helianthus tuberosus L. Jerusalem artichoke. Com­ Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Small ragweed. Com­ roadsides, farmyards, and other disturbed mon in alluvial bottoms, shores, and road­ mon weed of pastures, roadsides, and fence­ sites. sides. rows. Cirsiumaltissimum (L.) Spreng. Tall thistle. Com­ Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet Ox-eye. Com­ Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Western ragweed. Fre­ mon in sandy alluvial bottoms near streams, mon in prairies and on roadsides. quent on dry slopes. and in moist woodlands. Hieracium scabrum Michx. Rough hawkweed. Ambrosia trifida L. Giant ragweed. Common *Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada thistle. Com­ Rare in dry, rocky, upland woods. weed of roadsides, fencerows, and other dis­ mon weed of pastures and cultivated fields. Lactuca canadensis L. Wild lettuce. Common weed turbed sites. Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. Fidel of roadsides, cultivated fields, and borders of Antennaria neglecta Greene Pussy toes. Frequent thistle. Frequent in woods; infrequent in san­ woods. on dry, upland soils. dy lowlands. Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. Blue lettuce. Fre­ Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richardson La­ Cirsiumflodmani (Rydb.) Arthur Floclman's this­ quent in woods. dies' -tobacco. Infrequent in dry, open woods. tle. Frequent in dry pastures and on road­ Lactuca ludaviciana (Nutt.) Riddell Prairie let­ *Anthemis cotula L. Dog fennel. Common in sides. tuce. Frequent in moist lowlands moist disturbed areas. *Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Bull thistle. Com­ *Lactuca serriola L. Prickly lettuce. Very common *Arctium minus Bernh. Burdock. Common weed mon in pastures. weed of fields, roadsides, and waste land. of waste places. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Horseweed. Com­ *Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Infrequent in dry *Artemisia biennis Willd. Biennial wormwood. mon weed of pastures, cultivated fields, road­ disturbed areas; planted in Springbrook State Infrequent weed of waste land and roadsides. sides and waste places. Park. Artemisia campestris L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall Coreopsis palmata Nutt. Prairie coreopsis. Com­ Liatris aspera Michx. Blazing star. Infrequent in & Clem. Infrequent in dry sandy or rocky mon on prairies. mesic prairies. soil. Coreopsis tripteris L. Tall tickseed. Infrequent on Liatris punctata Hook. Infrequent in dry, rocky, Artemisia ludaviciana Nutt. White sage. Common borders of upland woods. upland prairies. in prairies and along roadsides and railroads. Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc. Fetid Marigold. Liatris pycnostachya Michx. Prairie blazing star. Aster azureus Lindi. Sky-blue aster. Frequent in Frequent on roadsides and in waste places. Infrequent on prairies. prames. Echinacea pa/Iida Nutt. Pale coneflower. Common Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. Infrequent in mesic Aster cordifolius L. Blue wood aster. Common in in prairies. prairies. dry upland woods. Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. Fireweed. *Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter Pineap­ Aster drummondi Lindley Drummond's aster. In­ Frequent in marshes, moist lowlands, and on ple weed. Infrequent in dry disturbed soil. frequent in open woods. shores. Prenanthes alba L. Rattlesnake root. Frequent on Aster ericoides L. Heath aster. Very common on Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Daisy fleabane. Com­ borders of woods and on roadsides. roadsides in prairies and in fields. mon weed of roadsides, fields, and borders of Prenanthes aspera Michx. Rough white lettuce. Aster laevis L. Smooth aster. Common on road­ woods. Infrequent in dry upland prairies. sides, in prairies, and in dry, open soil. Erigeron philadelphicus L. Fleabane. Infrequent in Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. Yellow coneflow­ Aster lanceolatus Willd. Panicled aster. Common moist woods and moist sand. er. Common on mesic prairies. on roadsides and on borders of thickets. Erigeron strigosus Muhl ex Willd. Fleabane. Com­ Rudbeckia hirta L. Black-eyed Susan. Frequent to Aster n1Wae-angliae L. New England aster. Fre­ mon in dry open soil, pastures, roadsides, and common on prairies. quent on roadsides, along railroads, and on along railroads. Rudbeckia laciniata L. Tall coneflower. Frequent in borders of woodlands. Eupatorium altissimum L. Tall thoroughwort. Fre­ alluvial woods and on shores. Aster oblongifolius Nutt. Aromatic aster. Common quent in weedy, open woods and in disturbed Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh Fragrant coneflow­ on dry crests and in dry, rocky prairies. sites. er. Infrequent in moist prairies and moist Aster ontarionis Wieg. Ontario aster. Infrequent in Eupatorium maculatum L. Spotted Joe-pye-weed. lowland woods. moist woods near streams. Infrequent in marshes. Rudbeckia triloba L. Brown-eyed Susan. Infre­ Aster pilosus Willd. Hairy aster. Usually occurs on Eupatorium perfoliatum L. Boneset. Frequent in quent in moist woods near streams. dry roadsides and in prairies. marshes, edges of streams and prairie swales. Senecio pauperculus Michx. Prairie ragwort. Rare Aster praealtus Poir. Willow aster. Infrequent in Eupatorium purpureum L. Spotted Joe-pye-weed. on pra1nes. moist prairies. Frequent in woods. Senecio plattensis Nutt. Prairie ragwort. Infrequent Aster puniceus L. Swamp aster. Infrequent in Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. White snakeroot. in dry prairies. marshy habitats. Common in moist woods. Silphium integrifolium Michx. Rosinweed. Com­ Aster sagittifolius Willd. Arrow-leaved aster. Com­ *Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavon Peruvian mon in prairies and on roadsides. mon in upland woods. daisy. Common weed of disturbed ground. Silphium laciniatum L. Compass plant. Common Aster sericeus Vent. Silky aster. Common in dry, Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Everlasting. Frequent on mesic prairies. rocky prairies and on dry slopes. in prairies and dry uplands. Silphium perfoliatum L. Cup plant. Common in Aster umbellatus Mill. Flat-topped aster. Infre­ Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Rare in sand. alluvial woods, on wooded shores, and in quent in prairie swales. Paul Wilson, 1930 (ISC). moist lowlands. Bidens cernua L. Nodding bur marigold. Com­ Helenium autumnale L. Sneezeweed. Common on Solidago canadensis L. Canada goldenrod. Frequent mon in marshes and in alluvial woods. roadsides, in fields, and open alluvial woods. on prairies. Bidens frondosa L. Beggar ticks. Frequent in Helianthus annuus L. Common sunflower. Com­ Solidago flexicaulis L. Zig-zag goldenrod. Fre­ marshes and in moist waste places. mon along railroads, roadsides, and in alluvial quent on prairies. Bidens polylepis Blake Coreopsis beggarticks. waste land. Solidago gigantea Ait. Smooth goldenrod. Com­ Common weed of roadsides and moist bot- Helianthus decapetalus L. Pale sunflower. Infre­ mon on borders of woods, on roadsides, and tomlands. • quent in upland woods and woodland edges. along railroads. Bidens tripartita L. Rare in moist sand. Helianthus grosseserratus Martens Saw-tooth sun­ Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Missouri goldenrod. Bidens vulgata Greene Tall beggar ticks. Com­ flower. Common on roadsides and along rail­ Common on dry slopes and in dry, rocky mon in moist lowlands, marshes, and on roads in disturbed soil. prairies. shores. Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. Maximillian's sun­ Solidago nemoralis Ait. Field goldenrod. Common Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners False bone­ flower. Infrequent in dry upland prairies. in dry upland prairies. set. Frequent on prairies. Helianthus rigidus (Cass.) Desf. ssp. subrhomboideus Solidago rigida L. Stiff goldenrod. Common in Cacalia plantaginea (Raf.) Shinners Indian plain- (Rydb.) Heiser Common in dry upland prairies. FLORA OF GUTHRIE COUNTY 23

Solidago speciosa Nutt. Showy goldenrod. Infre­ BRASSICACEAE (Mustard Family) in woodlands, roadsides and on brushy stream quenr in prairies and clearings in upland A rabis canadensis L. Rock cress. Frequent in moist banks. woods. calcareous woods. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench Coralberry. Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Wild. Elm-leaved Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Rare on rocky wooded Frequent in dry uplands. goldenrod. Common in upland woods. bluffs. Triosteum perfoliatum L. Horse-gentian. Frequent *Sonchus arvensis L. Perennial sow thistle. Infre­ *Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. Yellow rocket. Com­ in upland woods and woodland edges. quent weed on roadsides and in moist prairies. mon along roads and railroads. *Virburnum dentatum L. Southern arrowhead. In­ *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Spiny-leaved sow thistle. *Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Hoary alyssum. Infre­ frequent. Possibly introduced at a station in Frequent weed of waste ground. quent in disturbed habitats. Springbrook State Park. *Sonchus oleraceus L. Common sow thistle. Fre­ *Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Chinese mustard. Viburnum lentago L. Nannyberry. Infrequent in quent in waste places, fields, and in border of Common in fields and on roadsides. upland woods in Springbrook State Park. woods. *Brassica nigra (L.) Koch Black mustard. Com­ Viburnum rafinesquianum Schultes Downy arrow­ *Taraxacum officinale Weber Common dande­ mon weed of cultivated ground. wood. Infrequent in dry, rocky, upland woods. lion. Common weed of lawns, fields, and *Caps el/a bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Shepherd's CARYOPHYLLACEAE (Pink Family) disturbed soil. purse. Common in lawns and in dry disturbed Cerastium nutans Raf. Mouse-ear chickweed. Com­ *Tragopogon dubius Scop. Goat's-beard. Common soil. mon in open woods and sandy areas. weed of fields and roadsides. Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP. Spring Cress. *Cerastium vulgatum L. Common mouse-ear Tragopogon pratensis L. Goat's-beard. Rare in dry, Rare in marshes and alluvial soil. chickweed. Rare in open, disturbed habitats. disturbed soil. M.H. Burns, 1926 (ISC). Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Bitter *Dianthus armeria L. Deptford pink. Common in Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton Wingstem. Cress. Rare along edges of woodland streams. sandy disturbed soil in Springbrook State Common in alluvial woods. *Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. Hoary cress. Infre­ Park. Vernonia baldwinii Torr. Baldwin's ironweed. quent weed in dry disturbed soil. Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood Forked chick­ Common in dry pastures, prairies and along Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ex Willd. Toothwort. weed. Infrequent in woods and woodland railroads. Infrequent in bottomland woods. openings. Vernonia fasciculata Michx. Ironweed. Common Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. var. brachycarpa *Saponaria officina/is L. Bouncing bet. Common in moist prairies, along railroads, and in (Rich.) Fern. Tansy mustard. Rare in dry on roadsides. moist disturbed soil. woods. Silene antirrhina L. Sleepy catchfly. Common *Xanthium strumarium L. Cocklebur. Common Draba reptans (Lam.) Fern. Whitlow grass. Fre­ along roads and railroads. weed of cultivated fields, waste places, and quent in dry, open sand. *Silene dichotoma Ehrh. Catchfly. Rare in upland roadsides. *Hesperis matronalis L. Dame's rocket. Infrequent prairies. BALSAMINACEAE (Touch-me-not Family) along roads. Silene nivea (Nutt.) Otth Showy Campion. Rare Impatiens capensis Meerb. Spotted touch-me-not. *Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. Field cress. Fre­ in disturbed prairies. Frequent in alluvial woods. quent on roadsides. *Silene noctiflora L. Night-flowering catchfly. Fre­ Impatiens pallida Nutt. Pale touch-me-not. Com­ Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. Small peppergrass. quent weed of cultivated ground and road­ mon in wet wooded ravines and alluvial Common on roadsides and disturbed ground. sides. woods. Lepidium virginicum L. Peppergrass. Common on Silene stellata (L.) Aiton f. Starry campion. Fre­ BERBERIDACEAE (Barberry Family) roadsides and along railroads. quent in woodland edges and roadsides. *Berberis thunbergii DC. Japanese barberry. Rare *Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Watercress. Rare in *Stellaria media (L.) Viii. Common chickweed. escape from cultivation. springs in Valley Twp. Common in open, disturbed habitats. Caulophyllum thaliaroides (L.) Michx. Blue co­ *Raphanus sativus L. Radish. Rare escape from CELASTRACEAE (Staff-Tree Family) hosh. Rare in moist woods. cultivation. *Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. Winged wahoo. Podophyllum peltatum L. Mayapple. Rare in open Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser Marsh cress. Com­ Rare escape from cultivation. woods. mon in marshes. Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. Burning-bush. In­ BETULACEAE (Birch Family) *Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser Creeping yellow frequent in rich woods and thickets. Betula nigra L. River birch. Rare on banks of cress. Frequent in bottomland woods. CERATOPHYLLACEAE (Hornwort Family) streams. Cited by Fay (1953) from Spring­ *Sinapis arvenis L. Charlock. Common weed of Ceratophyllum demersum L. Coontail. Frequent in brook State Park. cultivated fields. quiet water of Jakes, marshes and ponds. Cory/us americana Walt. Hazelnut. Common in *Sisymbrium altissimum L. Tumble mustard. Fre­ CHENOPODIACEAE (Goosefoot Family) upland woods and woodland edges. quent in disturbed areas. *Chenopodium album L. Lamb's quarters. Common Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Koch Ironwood. Com­ *Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. Hedge mustard. weed of roadsides. mon on wooded slopes. Common in disturbed habitats. *Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Mexican tea. Rare in BIGNONIACEAE (Trumpet Creeper Family) *Thlaspi arvense L. Pennycress. Common along open, disturbed areas. *Catalpa speciosa Warder Catalpa. Frequent es­ roads. Chenopodium desiccatum Nels. Narrow-leaved cape from cultivation. CACTACEAE (Cactus Family) goosefoot. Infrequent in dry, usually sandy BORAGINACEAE (Borage Family) Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. Bigroot Prickly-pear. soil. *Cynoglossum officinale L. Hound's tongue. Infre­ Rare on dry, rocky, exposed bluffs. Roosa no. Chenopodium hybridum L. Maple-leaved goosefoot. quent weed of pastures. 6606 (ISTC) Infrequent in dry disturbed soils. Hackelia virginiana (L.) l.M. Johnston Stickseed. CAMPANULACEAE (Bluebell Family) Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen Frequent in Frequent in lowland woods. Campanula americana L. Tall bellflower. Common alluvial woods. *Lappula echinata Gilib. Beggar's-lice. Rare in in roadsides and moist upland woods. *Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. Summer-cypress. disturbed, dry areas. Lobelia inflata L. Indian tobacco. Rare in open Common weed of roadsides and waste land. Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. Hoary puc­ woods. *Sa/so/a iberica Sennen & Pau Russian thistle. coon. Common in dry or rocky prairies and Lobelia siphilitica L. Great Jobelia. Common in Frequent in disturbed areas. open upland woods. marshy areas. CISTACEAE (Rockrose Family) Lithospermum caroliniense (Walter) MacM. Hairy Lobelia spicata Lam. Spiked Jobelia. Frequent in Helianthemum bicknellii Fern. Frostweed. Com­ puccoon. Rare in dry sand. mesic prairies. mon in dry prairies. Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Yellow puccoon. Fre­ Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. Venus' Jooking­ Lechea intermedia Leggett Rare in very dry, rocky, quent on gravelly prairie knobs. glass. Frequent in disturbed areas. prairie soil (Collected by Fay; specimen at Lithospermum latifolium Michx. American grom­ CAPRIFOLIACEAE (Honeysuckle Family) IA). well. Infrequent in moist woods. Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens. (Rydb.) Butters CONVOLVULACEAE Onosmodium mo/le Michx. var. occidentale (Mack.) Wild honeysuckle. Frequent in upland woods. (Morning-glory Family) Johnst. False gromwell. Frequent in prairies. Sambucus canadensis L. Common elder. Common Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. Bindweed. Common

L 24 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 98(1991)

weed of roadsides, railroad embankments, sides. Ashe Northern red oak. Common in woods. and other disturbed sites. *Caragana arbore.rcenJ Lam. Siberian Pea tree. Quercm macrocarpa Michx. Bur oak. Common in *Convolvu/uJ arvenJiJ L. European bindweed. Established in Springbrook State Park. alluvial woods or on dry uplands. Common weed of fields and roadsides. CerciJ canadenJiJ L. Redbud. Infrequent in open QuercuJ muhlenbergii Engelm. Chinquapin oak. CuJcuta glomerata Choisy Infrequent along rail­ woods and wooded bluffs. Infrequent on dry wooded ridges. roads and disturbed woodland borders. ChamaecriJta jaJciculata (Michx.) Greene Par­ QuercuJ prinoide.r Willd. Dwarf chinquapin oak. CuJcuta gronovii Willd. Rare in alluvial woods. tridge pea. Common in dry, sterile soil. Rare on dry uplands (May be the same taxon *Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Annual morning *Coronilla varia L. Crown vetch. Commonly as Q. muhlenbergii Engelm.) glory. Infrequent in fields and fencerows. planted along roads. Quercm velutina Lam. Black oak. Common in CORNACEAE (Dogwood Family) Crotalaria JagittaliJ L. Rattle box. Infrequent: in woods in Springbrook State Park. CornuJ amomum Mill. ssp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S. dry sandy or rocky soil. GENTIANACEAE (Gentian Family) Wils. Silky dogwood. Infrequent in moist Dalea candida Willd. White prairie clover. Com­ Gentiana andrewJii Griseb. Closed gentian. Rare woodland edges. mon in prairies. on moist prairies. CornUJ drummondi Meyer Rough-leaved dog­ Dalea purpurea Vent. Purple prairie clover. Com­ Gentiana puberulenta Pringle Downy gentian. wood. Common along the borders of upland mon in mesic prairie. Rare in prairies. woods. De.rmodium canadenJe (1.) DC. Tick clover. Infre­ GERANIACEAE (Geranium Family) Cornm foemina Mill. ssp. racemoJa (Lam.) Wils. quent in dry open woods. Geranium carolinianum L. Cranesbill. Frequent in Gray dogwood. Common in roadsides and De.rmodium cuJpidatum (Muhl.) Loud. Tick trefoil. gravelly soil along railroads. open uplands. Infrequent in sandy or rocky woods. Geranium maculatum L. Wild geranium. Frequent *CornuJ Jtolonifera MicID:. Red-osier dogweed. De.rmodium glutinoJum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood. in mesic woods. Rare in seeps in Springbrook State Park; Pointed tick trefoil. Common in moist HALORAGIDACEAE (Water Milfoil Family) probably introduced. woods. Myriophyllum Jpicatum L. var. exalbe.rcem (Fern.) CUCURBITACEAE (Gourd Family) De.rmodium illinoeme Gray Illinois tick trefoil. Jepson Spiked water miJfoil. Rare in Cucurbita foetidiJJima HBK. Wild pumpkin. Common in dry open soil. marshes in the northeast portion of the coun­ Rare. Railroad yard at Bayard. E.P. Sylwester, GleditJia triacanthoJ L. Honey locust. Frequent in ty. 1966 (ISC). moist lowlands. HIPPOCASTANACEAE (Buckeye Family) ELAEAGNACEAE (Russian Olive Family) Gymnodadm dioica (1.) K. Koch Kentucky coffee Ae.rcu/uJ glabra Willd. Ohio buckeye. Frequent in *ElaeagnuJ anguJtifolia L. Russian olive. Rare tree. Frequent in moist wooded ravines. lowland woods. escape from cultivation. *Kummerowia Jtipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Ko­ HYDROPHYLLACEAE (Waterleaf Family) ERICACEAE (Wintergreen Family) rean clover. Infrequent in dry disturbed sites. ElliJia nyctelea L. Wild tomato. Frequent in allu­ Monotropa uniflora L. Indian-pipe. Infrequent in Lathyrm palmtriJ L. Marsh vetchling. Infrequent vial woods. moist, shady, wooded ravines. in mesic prairies. Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Virginia waterleaf. EUPHORBIACEAE (Spurge Family) LeJpedeza capitata Michx. Bush-clover. Common Common in moist woods. Acalypha rhomboirk:J Raf. Three-seeded mercury. in prairies. HYPERICACEAE (St. John's-wort Family) Common on shores and in alluvial woods. *LotuJ corniculatuJ L. Birdsfoot trefoil. Rare along Hypericum majuJ (Gray) Britt. Rare in wet, sandy Acalypha virginica L. Three-seeded mercury. roads. soil. Common in moist to dry lowlands. *Medicago lupulina L. Black medic. Weed of dry, Hypericum punctatum Lam. Spotted St. John's Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering spurge. Common disturbed soil. wort. Frequent in rather moist prairies. in dry open soil. *Medicago Jativa L. Alfalfa. Infrequent escape to Hypericum pyramidatum Aiton Great St. John's Euphorbia cyathophora Murray Wild poinsettia. roadsides. wort. Rare in open, alluvial areas. Frequent in moist, ofren calcareous soil. *MelilotuJ alba Medicus White sweet clover. JUGLANDACEAE (Walnut Family) *Euphorbia cypariJJiaJ L. Cypress spurge. Frequent Common weed of roadsides and along rail­ Carya cordiformiJ (Wang.) K. Koch Bitternut escape from cultivation. Usually found near roads. hickory. Common in dry woods. neglected cemeteries. *MelilotuJ officina/iJ (L.) Pallas Yellow sweet Carya ovata (Mill.) Koch Shag bark hickory. Euphorbia dentata Michx. Toothed spurge. Com­ clover. Common weed of waste and cultivated Common in upland woods. mon along roads and railroads. ground, and along roads or railroads. ]uglanJ cinerea L. Butternut. Infrequent on rocky Euphorbia glyptOJper!na Engelm. Rare in open sand Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) Grimes Silver banks near streams. or on loess. Monson no. 3291 (ISC). scurf-pea. Frequent in dry prairies. jug/am nigra L. Black walnut. Common in allu­ Euphorbia maculata L. Nodding spurge. Common Pediomelum e.rculentum (Pursh) Rydb. Prairie tur­ vial woods. weed of dry open soil. nip. Rare in very dry upland prairie. LAMIACEAE (Mint Family) Euphorbia marginata Pursh Snow-on-the-moun­ PJoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. Scurf-pea. AgaJtache nepetoide.r (1.) Kuntze Yellow giant tain. Rare in heavily grazed pastures. Monson Rare in prairie openings. hyssop. Rare in woodland edges. Monson no. no. 3312 (ISC). *Robinia pmtdoacacia L. Black locust. Frequent in 3335 (ISC). FABACEAE (Pea Family) disturbed woodlands. AgaJtache Jcrophulariifolia (Willd.) Ktze. Purple Amorpha cane.rcem Pursh Leadplant. Common in StrophoJty/e.r he/vu/a (1.) Ell. Wild bean. Common giant hyssop. Frequent in moist woods and mesic prairies. in sandy alluvium; frequent in drier habitats. borders of upland woods. Amorpha fruticOJa L. False indigo. Frequent along StrophoJtyle.r leioJper!na (T. & G.) Piper Wild *Glechoma hederacea L. Creeping Charley. Infre­ streams. bean. Common in dry sandy or loess soils. quent on damp, bare soil, and in lawns. Amorpha nana Nutt. Fragrant false indigo. Rare *Trifolium hybridum L. Alsike clover. Common Hedeoma hiJpidum Pursh Rough pennyroyal. Fre­ in prairies; Pammel, 1904, ISC. along roadsides and railroads. quent in dry sandy soil. Amphicarpaea bracteata (1.) Fern. Hog peanut. *Trifolium prateme. L. Red clover. Frequent escape *Leonurm cardiaca L. Motherwort. Common in Common in moist woods. from cultivation. moist disturbed soil. ApiOJ americana Medic. Ground nut. Infrequent *Trifolium reptnJ L. White clover. Common in Lycopm americanm Muhl. ex Bart. Water hore­ in low woods. lawns and pastures. hound. Common on shores and in marshes. AJtragalm canadenJiJ L. Milk vetch. Common on Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. Vetch. Infre­ Lycopm aJper Greene Infrequent in marshes. prairies. quent in moist thickets. LycopuJ uniflorm MicID:. Northern bugleweed. AJtragalm craJJicarpuJ Nutt. Ground plum. Infre­ *Vicia vil/oJa Roth Hairy vetch. Infrequent on Infrequent in alluvial woods and on shores. quent on dry prairies. highway shoulders. Lycopm virginicm L. Rare on sandy shores. BaptiJia bracteata Muhl. var glabre.rcem (Larisey) FAGACEAE (Beech Family) Mentha arvemiJ L. Wild mint. Common in Isely False indigo. Frequent in prairies. QuercuJ alba L. White oak. Common in dry marshes and bottomlands. BaptiJia lactea (Raf.) Thieret Wild indigo. Fre­ upland woods. Monarda fiJtu/OJa L. Wild bergamot. Common quent in moist lowland prairies and on road- QuercuJ borealiJ Michx. f. var. maxima (Marsh) along railroads, in prairies, and abandoned

-~ FLORA OF GUTHRIE COUNTY 25

fields. sandstone outcrops. Polemonium reptam L. Jacob's ladder. Rare in moist Monarda punctata L. Horsemint. Rare in dry, Mirabi/i.r nyctaginr.a (Michx.) MacM. Wild four woods. gravelly soil. o'clock. Common on roadsides. POLYGONACEAE (Buckwheat Family) *Nepeta cataria L. Catnip. Common in disturbed OLEACEAE (Olive Family) *Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Buckwheat. In­ areas. Fraxinus americana L. White Ash. Common in frequent escape from cultivation. Physostegia parviflora Nutt. ex Gray Obedient upland woods. Po/ygonum achoreum Blake Erect knotweed. plant. Infrequent in marshes, on shores and in Fraxinus penmy/vanica Marsh. Red Ash. Common Common weed of roadsides and waste lowlands. in moist lowlands and moist woods. ground. *Prune/la vu/garis L. Self heal. Common in moist Fraxinus pennsy/vanica Marsh. var. lanceo/ata Po/ygonum amphibium L. var. em.ersum Michx. Wa­ lowlands and on borders of upland woods. (Borkh.) Sarg. Green Ash. Frequent at edges ter smartweed. Common in shallow water of Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. Common in of low woodlands. lakes, ponds and marshes. moist prairies and along railroads. ONAGRACEAE (Evening-Primrose Family) *Po/ygonum aviculare L. Knotweed. Common Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) Durand & Jack­ Ca/ylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) Raven Toothed eve­ weed of roadsides. son Mountain mint. Infrequent in prairies, ning primrose. Frequent in sandy prairies. *Po/ygonum convo/vu/us L. Black bindweed. Com­ marshes and seeps. Monson nos. 2541, 3306 (ISC). mon weed of roadsides and other disturbed *Salvia nemorosa L. Rare on roadsides. Circar.a lutetiana (L.) Asch. & Magn. ssp. canaden­ habitats. Salvia ref/exa Hornem. Lance-leaved salvia. Com­ si.r (L.) Asch. & Magn. Enchanter's night­ *Po/ygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese mon weed of waste places. shade. Common in moist woods. bamboo. Rare on roadsides. Scute/laria ga/ericulata L. Skullcap. Infrequent in Epilobium ci/iatum Raf. Common in marshes and Po/ygonum hydropiper L. Rare in shallow water of Lakin Slough. shores. marshes. Pammel, 1925 (ISC). Scute/laria laterif/ora L. Mad-dog skullcap. Infre­ Epi/obium co/oratum Biehler Cinnamon willow­ Po/ygonum hydropiperoides Michx. Water-pepper. quent in marshes and along streams. herb. Frequent at edges of marshes. Infrequent in wetlands. Scute/laria /eonardii Epling Infrequent in dry Gaura bienni.r L. Common on disturbed soil. Po/ygonum lapathifo/ium L. Pale smarcweed. Com­ prairies. Oenothera biennis L. ssp. centrali.r Munz Evening mon in alluvial woods and waste ground. Scute/laria parvula Michx. Skullcap. Frequent in primrose. Common weed of roadsides, grain­ Po/ygonum pemy/vanicum (L.) Small Pennyslvania dry, sandy or rocky soil. fields, fence rows, and disturbed prairies. smarcweed. Common in wet habitats. Stachys pa/ustris L. Woundwort. Common in Oenothera vi//osa Thunb. ssp. strigosa (Rydb.) *Po/ygonum persicaria L. Lady's thumb. Common marshes, alluvial woods, and on shores. Dietr. & Raven Gray evening primrose. Fre­ weed along railroads and highways. Stachys tenuifo/ia Willd. Hedge nettle. Infrequent quent in moist prairies. Po/ygonum punctatum Ell. Water smartweed. in alluvial woods. OROBANCHAECEAE (Broom-rope Family) Common in marshes. Teucrium canadmse L. var. occidenta/e (Gray) McCI. Orobanche uniflora L. One-flowered cancer root. Po/ygonum ramosi.rsimum Michx. Bushy knotweed. & Epling Germander. Common in prairie Rare in woods and woodland edges. Common weed of sterile soil. swales and alluvial bottoms. OXAUDACEAE (Wood-sorrel Family) Po/ygonum sagittatum L. Tearthumb. Infrequent in Teucrium canadmse L. var. virginicum (L.) Eaton Oxali.r stricta L. Yellow wood sorrel. Frequent in disturbed, marshy soil. American germander. Frequent in wet dry open soil. Po/ygonum scandms L. Climbing false buckwheat. prairies. Monson nos. 2532, 3268 (ISC). Oxalis violacea L. Violet wood sorrel. Infrequent Common along roadsides and in woodland UNACEAE (Flax Family) on dry, sparsely wooded ridges and occasional edges. Linum sulcatum Riddell Wild flax. Common in in prairies. Po/ygonum tenue Michx. Rare in dry, sandy soil. dry prairies and sandy soil. PAPAVERACEAE (Poppy Family) Po/ygonum virginianum L. Jumpseed. Frequent in LYTHRACEAE (Loosestrife Family) Dicentra cucu//aria (l.) Bernh. Dutchman's moist, weedy woodlands. Ammania robusta Heer & Regel Rare in sandy breeches. Common in moist woods. *Rumex acetose/la L. Red sorrel. Common in marshes. Hayden no. 5097 (ISC). Annotated Sanguinaria canadmsi.r L. Bloodroot. Frequent on sterile soil. as this taxon by Shirley A. Graham. This moist wooded slopes. RU111eX a/ti.rsimus Wood Smooth dock. Common represents a species new to Iowa. PHRYMACEAE (Lopseed Family) in lowlands. Lythrum alatum Pursh Common loosestrife. Fre­ Phryma /eptostachya L. Lopseed. Common in moist *Rumex crispus L. Curly dock. Infrequent on quent on marsh edges and stream banks. upland woods, alluvial woods, and wooded marsh edges. MALVACEAE (Mallow Family) slopes. *RU111eX maritimus L. var. fueginus (Phil.) Dusen *Abuti/on theophrasti Medic. Velvet-leaf. Com­ PHYTOLACCACEAE (Pokeweed Family) Yellow dock. Infrequent in wet sand. mon weed of cultivated fields. Phytolacca americana L. Pokeweed. Infrequent in Rumex orbiculatus Gray. Water dq:k. Rare in *Akr.a rosr.a L. Hollyhock. Frequent escape from open sandy areas. shallow water of marshes. cultivation. PLANTAGINACEAE (Plantain Family) PORTULACACEAE (Purslane Family) *Hibiscus trionum L. Flower-of-an-hour. Common Plantago aristata Michx. Bracted plantain. Com­ Claytonia virginica L. Spring beauty. Infrequent in weed of disturbed habitats. mon in dry, sandy or sterile open soil. rich woods. *Malva neglecta Wallr. Cheeses. Common weed *Plantago lanceolata L. Buckhorn plantain. Fre­ *Portulaca o/eracea L. Common purslane. Com­ of farmyards. quent weed of fields, roadsides and waste mon in dry disturbed habitats. MENISPERMACEAE (Moonseed Family) land. PRIMULACEAE (Primrose Family) Menispermum canadmse L. Moonseed. Common in *Plantago major L. Broad-leaf plantain. Common Androsace occidenta/i.r Pursh Rare in dry, sandy woodlands and woodland edges. in open disturbed areas. soil. MORACEAE (Mulberry Family) Plantago patagonica Jacq. Common on roadsides Lysimachia ciliata L. Fringed loosestrife. Rare in *Cannabis sativa L. Hemp. Common in fence­ and dry disturbed soil. alluvial woods. rows and other disturbed sites. Plantago ruge/ii Dene. Rugel's plantain. Common Lysimachia hybrida Michx. Loosestrife. Infrequent *Madura pomifera (Raf. ex Sarg.) Schneid. Osage weed of damp shores, farmyards and waste in wet, sandy lowlands. orange. Common escape. land. *Lysimachia nummularia L. Moneywort. Infre­ *Morus alba L. White mulberry. Common escape PLATANACEAE (Plane-tree Family) quent in alluvial woods along streams. from cultivation. Platanus occidentalis L. Sycamore. Frequent in Lysimuchia quadrif/ora Sims Rare at edges of Morus rubra L. Red mulberry. Infrequent in moist alluvial woods. (Cited without locality in Fay, Lakin Slough. alluvial woods. 1953). Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. Tufred loosestrife. Very NYCTAGINACEAE (Four O'clock Family) POLEMONIACEAE (Phlox Family) rare in marshes in the northeast part of the Mirabi/is a/bida (Walter) Heimerl Pale four Phlox divaricata L. Sweet William. Common in county. o'clock. Infrequent in dry prairies. alluvial and moist wooded slopes. RANUNCULACEAE (Crowfoot Family) Mirabilis hirsuta (Pursh) MacM. Hairy four Phy/ox pi/osa L. Prairie phlox. Common in prairie Actar,a pachypoda Ell. White baneberry. Infre­ o'clock. Frequent in dry, sterile soil and on remnants. quent in upland woods and wooded slopes. 26 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 98(1991)

Actata rubra (Ait.) Willd. Red baneberry. Infre­ on roadsides and in other distutbed soil. Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh Painted cup. Infre­ quent in moist wooded ravines. *Potentilla mta L. Sulphut cinquefoil. Frequent quent in dry prairies. Anemone canadenJis L. Canada anemone. Common along railroads and in ditches. Che/one glabra L. White turtlehead. Rare in sandy in prairie swales. Potentilla simplex Micm. Rare in woods. seep in Sec. 1, Victory Twp. (Cited in Fay, Anemone caroliniana Walt. Carolina anemone. Prunus americana Marsh. Wild plum. Common 1953); rare in seep in Springbrook Park. Rate in dry open sand. along roadsides, fencerows, and borders of Linaria vulgaris Hill Butter and eggs. Frequent Anetfl()ne cy/indrica Gray Windflower. Common woods. along roads. in dry prairies and rocky woods. Prunus serotina Ehrh. Black cherry. Frequent in Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell Common in clear, Anemone virginiana L. Tall anemone. Common in upland woods. shallow pools and on shores of lakes and dry to moist open woods. Prunus virginiana L. Choke cherry. Common in streams. Aqui/egia canadenJis L. Columbine. Frequent in thickets, upland woods, and fencerows. Mimulus ringens L. Monkey flower. Common in rocky, open woods. Rosa blanda Ait. Meadow rose. Infrequent in marshes, lowlands, and on shores. Caltha palustris L. Marsh marigold. Rate in seeps borders of woods. Pedicularis canadensis L. Lousewort. Frequent in in Springbrook State Park and a fen in Sec. *Rosa multif/ora Thunb. ex. Murray Multiflora dry upland woods, and prairies. 17, Highland Twp. rose. Common in abandoned pastures. Pedicularis lanceolata Micm. Swamp lousewort. Delphinium tricorne Micm. Dwarf larkspur. Rate Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex Bailey Blackberry. Rare in sandy seep in Springbrook Park, and a in moist woods. Common in successional uplands. sandy seep in Victor Twp. Delphinium virescens Nutt. Prairie larkspw: Fre­ Rubus occidenta/is L. Black raspberry. Common on Penstetfl()n digitalis Nutt. Foxglove penstemon. quent in upland prairies. woodland edges. Rate in dry, sandy area. Heptatica nobilis Miller var. acuta (Putsh) Steyerm. *Spiraea hilliardii Herineq. Rare escape from Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh Figwort. Infre­ Hepatica. Frequent in moist wooded ravines. cultivation. quent in upland woods. Scrophularia marilandica L. Common in moist Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) T. & G. False rue RUBIACEAE (Madder Family) anemone. Infrequent in moist woodlands. Galium aparine L. Cleavers. Common in wood­ woods and thickets. *Verbascum blattaria L. Moth muellin. Roadsides: RAnunculus abortivus L. Small-flowered crowfoot. lands. Common in moist woods and woodland Galium circaezans Micm. Frequent in moist, Pammel 1926, (ISC). *Verbascum thapsus L. Common muellin. Com­ edges. wooded ravines. RAnunculus cymbalaria Putsh Shore buttercup. Galium concinnum T. & G. Shining bedstraw: mon weed of pastures, roadsides and waste Rate in wet sand. Common in moist woods. land. RAnunculus sceleratus L. Cursed crowfoot. Rate in Galium obtusum Bigel. Bluntleaf bedstraw. Infre­ *Veronica anaga/lis-aquatica L. Water speedwell. sandy lowlands. quent in marshy bottomlands, alluvial woods, Rate in wet sand along streams. RAnunculus septentrionalis Poir. Swamp buttercup. and on shores. *Veronica arvensis L. Com speedwell. Frequent in Frequent in alluvial woods. Galium trif/orum Michx. Sweet scented bedstraw. disturbed soil. L. Common in disturbed soil. Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Ave-Lall. Mea­ Common in moist woods and alluvial woods. Veronica peregrina dow-rue. Frequent in prairie swales. RUTACEAE (Citrus Family) Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. Culver's-root. Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin Rue Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. Prickly ash. Com­ Common in moist prairies and along rail­ anemone. Rate in moist woodlands. mon in upland woods and brushy thickets. roads. RHAMNACEAE (Buckthom Family) SALICACEAE (Willow Family) SOLANACEAE (Nightshade Family) Ceanothus americanus L. var. pitcheri T. & G. New *Populus alba L. White poplar. Frequent escape *Datura stramonium L. Jimsonweed. Frequent in Jersey tea. Frequent on prairies. from cultivation. sandy, disturbed soil. Ceanothus herbaceus Raf. var. pubescens (T. & G.) Popu/us deltoides Bart. ex. Marsh. Cottonwood. Physalis heterophylla Nees Ground-cherry. Com­ Shinners Redroot. Infrequent on prairies. Common in alluvial bottoms. mon in sandy soil. ROSACEAE (Rose Family) Salix amygdaloides Anders. Peach-leaved willow. Physalis virginiana Mill. Ground cherry. Frequent Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Agrimony. Infre­ Common near shores of streams and marshes. on prairies and disturbed areas. quent in moist woods. Salix discolor Muhl. Pussy willow. Infrequent near Solanum americanum Mill. Black nightshade. Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. Downy agrimony. Fre­ streams. Common weed of fields, gardens, barnyards, quent in moist woods. Salix exigua Nutt. ssp. interior (Rowlee) Cronq. and other waste land. Agrimonia striata Micm. Agrimony. Infrequent Sandbar willow. Frequent on sandbars and *Solanum carolinense L. Horse nettle. Frequent in in woods and woodland edges. along streams. sandy soil. Amelanchierarborea (Micm. f.) Fem. Serviceberry. Salix humilis Marsh. Prairie willow. Common in *Solanum rostratum Dunal Buffalo but. Frequent Frequent wooded, rocky slopes in Spring­ mesic prairies. weed of pastures, barnyards, and fields. brook State Park. Salix nigra Marsh. Black willow. Common along STAPHYLEACEAE (Bladdernut Family) Crataegus mo/lis (T. & G.) Sheele Frequent in streams. Staphy/ea trifolia L. Butternut. Frequent on open uplands. *Salix pentandra L. Bay-leaved willow. Rate es­ moist, rocky wooded slopes. Crataegus punctata Jacq. Infrequent in upland cape from cultivation or possibly planted. TILIACEAE (Linden Family) woods and pastures. Salix rigida Muhl. Common on stream banks and Ttlia americana L. Basswood. Common in moist Crataegus succulenta Schrader ex. Link. Frequent in wet lowlands. woods; usually on north-facing slopes. on wet sandy slopes. Salix sericea Marsh. Silky willow. Rare along ULMACEAE (Elm Family) Fragaria vesca L. var. americana Porter Woodland streams. Ce/tis occidentalis L. Hackberry. Common in strawberry. Frequent on rocky, calcareous, SANTALACEAE (Sandalwood Family) woods. wooded slopes. Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. Bastard toadflax. Ulmus americana L. American elm. Common in Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Wild strawberry. Frequent in prairies. alluvial woods and near dwellings. Common in open woods and woodland edges. SAXIFRAGACEAE (Saxifrage Family) *Ulmus pumila L. Siberian elm. Common in Geum canadenJe Jacq. White avens. Common in Heuchera richardsonii R. Br. Alum root. Common successional areas. woods. in prairies and open woods. Ulmus rubra Muhl. Red elm. Common in upland Ma/us ioensis (Wood) Britton Wild crab. Com­ Penthorum sedoides L. Ditch-stonecrop. Common woods. mon in dry brushy uplands. in marshes and muddy ditches. URTICACEAE (Nettle Family) *Ma/us sy/vestris (L.) P. Miller Apple. Rare Ribes missouriense Nutt. ex T. & G. Wild goose­ Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. Bog hemp. Rate on escape near homesteads. berry. Common in thickets and upland muddy shores of ponds in Bear Twp. Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. Ninebark. In­ woods. Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. Wood nettle. frequent on calcareous or sandy banks. SCROPHULARIACEAE (Figwort Family) Common on floodplains. Potentilla arguta Pursh Common in prairies. Agalinis tenuifolia (Yahl) Raf. Common in wet, Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd. Pellitory. Potentilla noroegica L. Strawberry weed. Common sandy, lowlands; frequent on shores of creeks. Frquent on stream banks. FLORA OF GUTHRIE COUN1Y 27

Pi/ea pumila (L.) Gray Clearweed. Frequent in Wieg. Yellow-fruited sedge. Rare in moist in moist sandy lowlands. alluvial woods and moist wooded ravines. prairies. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Red-rooted cyperus. Urtica dioica L. Stinging nettle. Common in Carne atherodes Spreng. Awned sedge. Infrequent Frequent in marshes and on sandy shores. disturbed habitats. in marshes and prairie swales. Cyperus escu/entus L. Yellow nut grass. Common in VERBENACEAE (Vervain Family) CartX bebbii (Bailey) Fem. Rare in moist woods. open lowlands. Phyla lanceolata (Michx.) Greene Frogfruit. Carne bickne/lii Britt. Bicknell's sedge. Frequent Cyperus filicu/mis Vahl Rare in dry, sandy soil Common in marshes and along streams. in moist prairies. near Springbrook State Park. Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rode. Prostrate vervain. Carne blanda Dewey Woodland sedge. Common Cyperus odoratus L. var. squarrosus (Britt.) Gilly Common weed along railroads and on road­ in moist woods. Coarse cyperus. Infrequent in marshes and on sides. Carne brevior (Dew.) Mack. ex Lunnell Few­ muddy shores. Verbena hastata L. Blue vervain. Common in headed straw sedge. Common in dry sand; Cyperus rivularis Kunth Shining cyperus. Fre­ prairie swales and moist disturbed moist frequent in moist prairies. quent in sandy marshes and sandy alluvium. woods. Carne cephalophora Willd. Oval-headed sedge. Cyperus schweinitzii Torrey Schweinitz's cyperus. Verbena X rydbergii Moldenke Rare in pastures. Frequent in upland woods. Infrequent in sandy or rocky soil. Verbena stricta Vent. Hoary vervain. Very com­ Carne cristate/la Britton Crested sedge. Com­ Cyperus strigosus L. Straw-colored cyperus. Com­ mon weed of dry pastures, roadsides, and mon in alluvial wetlands and moist prairies. mon in marshes and in alluvium. disturbed soil. Carne davisii Schwein. & Torr. Davis' sedge. Fre­ Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. Needle spike Verbena urticifo/ia L. White vervain. Common in quent in alluvial woods and wooded ravines. rush. Infrequent on muddy shores and shal­ alluvial thickets, along streams, and at edges Carne festucacea Willd. Fescue sedge. Rare in low water. of marshes. moist woods in Springbrook State Park. Eleocharis compressa Sulliv. Flat-stemmed spike­ VIOLACEAE (Violet Family) Carne gravida Bailey. Heavy sedge. Frequent in rush. Infrequent in marshes and moist prairies. Viola missouriensis Greene Rare in alluvium. prairie remnants. Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. Spathiform spike Viola pedata L. Bird's-foot violet. Infrequent in Carne haydenii Dewey Hayden's sedge. Rare in rush. Common in marshes, wet alluvial bot­ dry upland prairies. marshes and moist prairies. tomlands, and on muddy shores. Viola pedatifida G. Don Prairie violet. Fre­ Carne hystericina Muhl. ex. Willd. Infrequent in E/eocharis macrostachya Britton Infrequent in quent, in upland prairies and on dry, rocky, seeps and alluvial woods. lowland prairies and in marshes. sparsely wooded ridges. Carne lacustris Willd. River-bank sedge. Rare in E/eocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes Infrequent in Viola pratincola Greene Common blue violet. shallow water. wet sand and marshes. Very common in woods, meadows, on road­ Carne /aevivaginata (Kuek.) Mack. Rare at edges Scirpus acutus Muhl. ex. Bigelow Hard-stemmed sides, etc. of marshes and in seeps. bulrush. Frequent in marshes. Viola pubescens Ait. Downy yellow violet. Fre­ Carne lanuginosa Michx. Rare in seeps and moist Scirpus americanus Pers. Threesquare. Infrequent quent in shady, moist woods. prairies. in shallow water of Lakin Slough. Viola sororia Willd. Hairy blue violet. Common Carne lasiocarpa Ehrh. var. americana Fem. Slender Scirpus atrovirens Willd. Pale bulrush. Very com­ in alluvial woods. sedge. Common in marshes, alluvial botrom, mon in wet places. VITACEAE (Grape Family) and moist prairies. Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth Wool-grass. Rare in Parthenocissus quinquefo/ia (L.) Planch. Virginia Carne lupulina Muhl. ex. Willd. Hop sedge. wet roadside ditches. Sec. 28, Jackson Twp. Creeper. Very common in woods. Frequent in lowland woods. Roosa no. 6670 (ISTC). Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. Woodbine CartX meadii Dewey Mead's sedge. Frequent in Scirpus fluviati/is (Torr.) Gray River bulrush. Common in woodlands. mesic prairies. Frequent in shallow water near the shore of Vitis riparia Michx. Riverbank grape. Common Carne mo/esta Mackenz. Repulsive sedge. Fre­ lakes and ponds, and in marshy places. in alluvial woods. quent in moist open ground. Scirpus pendulus Muhl. Reddish bulrush. Infre­ MAGNOLIOPHYTA: LILIATAE Carne muh/enbergii Willd. Muhlenberg's sedge. quent in marshy places, especially in wet (Monocots) Dry hillsides. Cited in Gilly (1946). roadsides. ALISMATACEAE (Water-Plantain Family) Carex pensy/vanica Lam. Pennsylvania sedge. Scirpus va/idus Vahl var. creber Fem. Soft-stemmed A/isma plantago-aquatica L. Water plantain. Com­ Common in upland woods. bulrush. Common in marshes and near the mon in shallow water of marshes. Carex praegraci/is W. Boott Clustered field shores of ponds and lakes. Sagittaria brevirostra Mack. & Bush Arrowhead. sedge. Rare in prairie swales. DIOSCOREACEAE (Yam Family) Common in shallow water or mud. Carne prairra Dewey Prairie sedge. Abundant on Dioscorra vi//osa L. Wild yam. Rare in upland Sagittaria latifo/ia Willd. Duck potato. Infre­ a degraded fen in Section 17, Highland Twp. woods. quent in shallow water. Carne rosea Willd. Stellate Sedge. HYDROCHARITACEAE (Frog's-Bit Family) ARACEAE (Arum Family) Common in moist woods. E/erxka canadensis Michx. Infrequent in shallow Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott Green dragon. Carne sartwe//ii Dewey Sarrwell's sedge. Rare in standing water in Springbrook State Park. Infrequent in alluvial woods. Shallow water of Lakin Slough. Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John Rare iii shal­ Arisaema triphy//um (1.) Schott Jack-in-the­ Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex. Willd. Pointed broom low standing water. pulpit. Common in moist woods. sedge. Frequent in moist prairies. IRIDACEAE (Iris Family) Symp/ocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt. Skunk cabbage. CartX sparganioieks Muhl. ex. Willd. Bur-reed *Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. Blackberry lily. Introduced into hillside seep in Springbrook sedge. Frequent in moist woods. Rare escape. State Park. Carex sprenge/ii Dewey ex. Spreng. Sprengel's Iris schrevei Small Blue flag. Frequent in shallow COMMELINACEAE (Spiderwort Family) sedge. Infrequent in wooded ravines. water of marshes. *Commelina communis L. Dayflower. Frequent in Carne stipata Muhl. ex. Willd. Rare in marshy Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. Blue-eyed grass. farmyards, roadsides, and other dry, disturb­ area along highway west of Springbrook State Common in prairie soil and in clearings of dry ed sites. Park. upland woods. Tradescantia bracteata Small Spiderwort. Com­ Carex stricta Lam. Tussock sedge. Common in JUNCACEAE (Rush Family) mon in sandy or gravelly soil along highways. alluvial woods and prairie swales. }tmCllS dudieyi Wieg. Infrequent in moist soil. Tradescentia ohiensis Raf. Spiderwort. Frequent on Carex tribu/oieks Wahl. Blunt broom sedge. Com­ jtmCUS interior Wieg. Common in moist prairie roadsides. mon in moist prairies, marshes and lake soil and edges of marshes. CYPERACEAE (Sedge Family) margins. ]uncus nodosus L. Infrequent in sandy marshes. Carrx a/bursina Sheldon Rare in moist wood­ Carne trichocarpa Schkuhr Hairy-fruited sedge. ]uncus tenuis Willd. Path rush. Common on road­ lands. Marshes and wet sandy areas. sides, trails and paths, and in farmyards. CartX amphibo/a Steud. var. turgida Fem. Turgid Carex vu/pinoidta Michx. Fox sedge. Common in ]uncus t°""Ji Coville Common in marshes and sedge. Frequent in alluvial woods. moist lowlands and edges of Lakin Slough. on muddy shores. CartX annt.etens (Bickn.) var. xanthocarpa (Bickn.) Cyperus aristatus Rottb. Awned cyperus. Frequent LEMNACEAE (Duckweed Family) 28 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 98(1991)

Lemna minor L. Duckweed. Common in standing Liparis /oeselii (l.) Rich. Bog Twayblade. Rare in we vi//osum (Gray) Gould & Clark Frequent watec hillside seep in Sec. 22 Valley Twp. Roosa no. in dry, sterile soil. Lemna trisulca L. Star duckweed. Infrequent in 6422 (ISTC) Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould Rare shallow water of I.akin Slough. Platanthera praec/ara Sheviak and Bowles West­ on barren hillside in Sec. 28, Jackson Twp. Spirodda polyrhi?.a (L.) Schleid. Greater duckw~. ern prairie fringed orchid. Rare. Found only Roosa no. 6734 (ISTC). Common in lakes, ponds, and marshes. on a mesic prairie in Seely Twp. Leoschke and Dichanthelium /atifo/ium (l.) Gould & Clark Wo/ffia co/umbiana Karst. Water meal. Rare in Klier no. 368 (ISC). Broad-leaved panic grass. Frequent in open marshes. Spiranthes cernua (L.) L.C. Rich. Nodding ladies' woods. LILIACEAE (Lily Family) tresses. Rare in mesic prairie in Sec. 33, Seely Dichanthe/ium linearifolium (Schrib.) Gould Allium canadense L. Wild garlic. Common in Twp. Leoschke and Klier no. 511 (ISC). Slim-leaved panic grass. Rare in dry, rocky lowland prairies. POACEAE (Grass Family) upland woods in and near Springbrook State Allium tricoccum Ait. Wild leek. Infrequent in *Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Quack grass. Com­ Park. moist wooded ravines in Bear Grove Twp. mon grass of moist, disturbed soil. Dichanthelium o/igosanthes (Schultes) Gould var. *AsparagUJ officina/is L. Asparagus. Common es­ Agropyron smithii Rydb. Western wheat grass. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould Common in dry, cape from cultivation. Frequent in open sandy areas. sandy soil. Erythronium a/bidum Nutt. Dog-tooth violet. Fre­ *Agrostis gigantea Roth Redtop. Common and Dichanthelium o/igosanthes (Schultes) Gould var. quent in moist wooded ravines in Bear Grove widespread on roadsides, prairies, and dis­ wi/coxianum (Vasey) Gould & Clark Cited in Twp. turbed soil. Pohl, 1966. Rare in dry prairies. *Hemerocallis fu/va (l.) L. Day-lily. Common Agrostis hyema/is (Walt.) BSP. Hairgrass. Infre­ Dichanthelium perlongum (Nash) Gould & Clark escape from cultivation. quent in open sand. Rare in dry sand. Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville Yellow stargrass. Agrostisperennam(Walt.)Tuckerm. Upland bent. *Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Common on prairies. Frequent in dry woodlands, often on sandy or Schreb. ex Muhl. Smooth crabgrass. Com­ Li/ium michiganense Farw. Michigan lily. Infre­ rocky ledges. mon in disturbed soil. quent in moist prairies and on borders of Alopecurus aequa/is Sobol. Shortawn foxtail. Rare. *Digitaria sanguina/is (l.) Scop. Common crab upland woods. Edge of pond in Sec. 28,Jackson Twp. Roosa grass. Common weed of lawns, and roadsides. Li/ium philadelphicum L. var. andinum (Nutt.) Ker­ no. 6667 (ISTC). Distich/is spicata (L.) Greene var. stricta (Torr.) Gawl. Wood lily. Rare on mesic prairies in Andropogon gerardii Vitman Big bluestem. Very Beede Salt grass. Roadside in Section 5, Seely Twp. common in moist prairies and roadsides. Baker Twp., and Section 24, Thompson Twp. Po/ygonatum bif/orum (Walter) Ell. Solomon's seal. Aristida basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey Three-awn. Roosa Nos. 6662, 6663 (ISTC). Common in woods. Infrequent in dry, sandy soil near Springbrook *Echinocholoa cru.rgalli (l.) Beauv. Barnyard grass. Smi/acina raamosa (L.) Desf. False solomon's seal. State Park. Common in moist disturbed soil. Common in upland woods. Aristida curtissii (Gray) Nash Rare on dry gravel *Echinoch/oa muricata (Beauv.) Fem. Weed of Smi/acina stellata (L.) Desf. Starry solomon's seal. knobs. cultivared fields. Infrequent on roadsides and borders of woods. Aristida o/igantha Michx. Common in dry soils. Elymus canadensis L. Wild rye. Common through­ Smilax ecirrhata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wars. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Side-oats out county in a wide variety of habitats. Carrion flower. Frequent in upland woods in grama. Common in dry prairies. Elymm villosUJ Muhl. ex Willd. Slender wild rye. Springbrook State Park and in Bear Grove Bouteloua gracilis (HBK. ex Willd.) Lag. Blue Common in moist woods in Bear Grove Twp. Twp. grama. Common on dry slopes. Elymm virginicu.r L. Virginia wild rye. Common Smilax herbac&:t L. Carrion-flower. Common on Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. Hairy grama. Rare on dry in moist, disturbed sites. roadsides and borders of upland woods. hills and gravel knobs. *Eragrostis ci/ianensis (All.) Mosher Stinkgrass. Smilax hispida Muhl. Greenbrier. Common in Brachye/ytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. Infrequent Common in fields and on roadsides. woods. in mesic woods in Bear Grove Twp. Eragrostis hypnboids (lam.) BSP. Pony grass. Com­ Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. Rare and *Bromus commutatllJ Schrad. Hairy chess. Fre­ mon on wet sand or muddy shores. probably introduced in Springbrook State quent in disturbed, open habitats. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees Common on Park. Riggins no. 725 (ISC). *Bromus inermis Leyss. Smooth brome. Common sandy alluvium. Trillium niva/e Riddell Snow trillium. Infre­ on roadsides, in fencerows and fields. Eragrostis spectabi/is (Pursh.) Steud. Purple love­ quent on north-facing, calcareous, wooded *Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex. Murray Japanese grass. Common in dry, sandy soil. slopes. brome. Infrequent on roadsides and cul­ *Erioch/oa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth Cup grass. U1111/aria grandif/ora Sm. Bellflower. Common in tivated fields. Rare along roadside in Sec. 28, Jackson Twp. unpastured woodlands. Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex. Willd. Canada brome. Roosa no. 6791 (ISTC). NAJADACEAE (Naiad Family) Common in moist woods on sandy, rocky Festuca obtusa Biehler Nodding fescue. Frequent Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus Rare in slopes. in moist woods. shallow water of lakes. *Bromus tectorum L. Downy chess. Common in Festuca octof/ora Walt. we tenel/a (Willd.) Fem. ORCHIDACEAE (Orchid Family) dry disturbed sites. Six-weeks fescue. Infrequent in dry, sandy Coe/og/ossum viride (L.) Hartman var. virescens Ca/amagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Blue­ soil. (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer Bracted orchid. Rare joint. Common in marshes. G/yaria grandi.r S. Wats. Manna grass. Frequent in upland woods. Cenchrus /ongispinUJ (Hackel) Fem. Sandbuc Very on muddy shores of Lakin Slough. Cypripedium ca/ceo/UJ L. we pubescens (Willd.) Cor­ common in fields, roadsides, and other waste Gykeria striata (lam.) Hitchc. Fowl manna grass. rell Yellow lady's slipper. Rare in undisturb­ places. Common in moist lowlands in Bear Grove ed, wooded ravines. Leoschke no. 336 (ISC). Cinna arundinacea L. Wood reed. Frequent in Twp. Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd. Small moist, rocky woods. *Hordeum jubatum L. Squirrel-rail grass. Common white lady's slippec Rare in mesic prairie in *Dacty/is g/omerata L. Orchard grass. Common in weeds of fields and roadsides. Sec. 33, Seely Twp. Leoschke and Klier no. roadsides and fields. Hordeum pUJillum Nutt. Little barley. Frequent on 336 (ISC). Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex R. & S. Poverty dry hillsides. Cypripedium nginae Walt. Showy lady's slippec oat grass. Very rare on dry, sandy slopes in Hystrix patu/a Moench Bottle-brush grass. Very rare. Grant Kness, August 12, 1930, Springbrook State Park. Common in woods in Bear Grove Twp. ISC. Diarrhena americana Beauv. var. obovata G 1. Infre­ Koeleria macrantha (ledeb.) Spreng. June grass. Gakaris speaabi/is (l.) Raf. Showy orchis. Rare on quent in alluvial or moist upland woods. Frequent in prairies and in sandy soil. moist wooded slopes. Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. Rice cutgrass. Frequent Liparis /i/iifo/ia (L.) Rich. ex Lindley Twayblade. we implicatum (Scrib.) Gould & Clark Rare in marshes and muddy shores. Rare in mesic woods in Sec. 4, Victory Twp. in sandy prairie soil. Leersia virginica Willd. White grass. Frequent in Leoschke no. 126 (ISC). Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark moist woods. FLORA OF GUTHRIE COUNTY 29

*Lolium perenne L. var. italicum Pam. Annual rye margins. Sporobo/uJ vaginifloruJ (Torr. ex Gray) Wood grass. Common; often used in lawngrass mix­ *Poa compreJJa L. Canadian bluegrass. Frequent in Poverty-grass. Frequent in dry, rocky soil. tures , now spreading to fields and roadsides. dry open woods and roadsides. Stipa Jpartea Trin. Porcupine grass. Common in *MiscanthuJ JaccharifloruJ (Maxim.) Hackel Poa pa!UJtriJ L. Infrequent in seeps in Springbrook prairies. Plume grass. Rare on roadsides. State Park. Triticum aeJtivum L. Cultivated wheat. Rare es­ Muhlenbergii bUJhii Pohl Rare in moist woods. *Poa pratemiJ L. Kentucky bluegrass. Common cape. Muhlenbergia cUJpidata (Torr.) Rydb. Rare on dry, in a wide variety of habitats. PONTEDERIACEAE gravelly knobs. SchedonnardUJ paniculatUJ (Nutt.) Trel. Tumble­ (Pickerel-weed Family) Muhlenbergia frondoJa (Poir.) Fern. Frequent on grass . Barren hilltop near Menlo. Miller, Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM . Water star­ prairie remnants, moist woods, and on edges 1928 (ISC). grass. Rare in shallow water or on mud. of marshes. Schizachyrium Jcoparium (Michx.) Nash Little POTAMOGETONACEAE Muhlenbergia mexicana (1.) Trin. Mexican drop bluestem. Very common in prairies and dry (Pondweed Family) seed . Sandy shore of Raccoon River in Victor openings in upland woods. Potamogeton folioJuJ Raf. Infrequent in Jakes and Twp. *Setaria faberi Herrm. Giant foxtai l. Common on ponds. Muhlenbergia racemoJa (Michx.) BSP. Frequent in roadsides and fields. Potamogeton nodoJUJ Poirer. Frequent in lakes and prairies, roadsides, and disturbed areas. *Setaria glauca (L.)· Beauv. Yellow foxtail. Com­ ponds. Muhlenbergia Jchreberi J . F. Gmel. Nimblewill. mon on roadsides, in fa rmyards, and fields. SPARGANIACEAE (Bur-Reed Family) Frequent in disturbed woodlands, farmyards , *Setaria viridiJ (1.) Beauv. Green foxtail. Com­ Sparga nium eurycarpum Engelm. Bur-reed. Fre­ and roadsides. mon in fields, farmyards , roadsides, and other quent in shallow water of ponds and marshes. Muhlenbergia JObolifera (Muhl. ex Willd.) Trin. waste places. TYPHACEAE (Cattail Family) Rare in moist woods. SorghaJtrum nutam (L.) Nash Indian grass. Com­ Typha angUJtifolia L. Narrow-leaved cattail. Rare Panicum capillare L. Witch grass . Very common in mon in prairies. in road ditches and edges of marshes. fields , roadsides, and other disturbed sites. Spartina pectinata Link Slough grass. Common Typha X glauca Godron Hybrid cattail. Common Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Very common in in prairie swales. in shallow water. farmyards, on roadsides, and in waste areas. Sphenopho!iJ obtUJata (Michx.) Scribn. Frequent in Typha latifolia L. Broad-leaved cattail. Infrequent Panicum virgatum L. Switchgrass. Common in moist prairies and sandy meadows; infrequent in shallow water oflakes, ponds, and drainage prairie swales and in sandy alluvium. in dry ro moist rocky woods. ditches. PaJpalumJetaceum Michx. var. ciliatifolium(Michx.) SphenopholiJ obtuJata (Michx .) Schribn. var. major ZANNICHELLIACEAE (Horned Pondweed Vasey Bead grass. Rare in sandy soil. (Torr.) Erd. Rare; edge on pond Sec. 25, Bear Family) PhalariJ arundinacea L. Reed canary grass. Fre­ Grove Twp . Zannichellia pa!UJtriJ L. Horned pondweed. Rare quent on shores of Jakes , ponds, and in al­ Sporobo!UJ aJper (Michx.) Kunth Dropseed . Com­ in shallow standing water. luvium. mon in prairies and dry, sandy soil. EXCLUDED SPECIES *Phleum prateme L. Timothy. Common escape Sporobo!UJ heterolepiJ (Gray) Gray Prairie drop­ Eupatori11m fiJtuloJum Barratt (Joe-pye-weed) was from cultivation. seed. Common in moist to dry prairies. reported as new to Iowa by Fay (1953). It was PhragmiteJ aUJtra!iJ (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel Fre­ Sporobo/uJ neglectuJ Nash Frequent in dry, sterile recently examined by Zager and determined quent in marshes, drainage ditches, and pond soils. ro be Eupatorium maculatum L.

Fig. 9. Opuntia macrorhiza on gravelly knob in Sec. 29, Jackson Twp. 30 JOUR. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 98(1991)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LANJOUW, J. and EA. STAFLEU. 1964. Index herbariorum. Part I., ed. 5. Regnum Vegetabile vol. 31. The following people contributed information for the checklist: LEHMANN, J. W. 1984. A vascular flora of Dubuque County, Iowa. M.S. Mark Leoschke, Deb Lewis, John Pearson, Bill Pusateri, and Paul thesis, Univ. of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls. Walther. Their contributions were extremely valuable. Duane Isely NIEMANN, D.A. 1986. The distribution of orchids in Iowa. Proc. Iowa was very helpful in providing comments on the list, especially the Acad. Sci. 93:24-34. Fabaceae. Carol Peck was very helpful in the preparation of the NOVACEK, ) .M., D.M. ROOSA, and W.P. PUSATERI. 1985. The figures. Jim Peck read and commented on the final manuscript. vegetation of the Loess Hills landforrn along the Missouri River. Proc. Iowa Acad. of Sci. 92: 199-212. LITERATURE CITED OSHWALD, W.R., F.F. RIECKEN, R.I. DIDERIKSEN, W.H. SCHOLTES, and F.W. SCHAil.ER. 1965. Principal soils of Iowa. EILERS, L.J. 1989. Checklist of Iowa vascular plants. Unpublished list. Cooperative Extension Service. Special Report No. 42. Iowa State University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls. University, Ames. FAY, M.J. 1953. The flora of southwestern Iowa. Ph.D. dissertation, State PECK, J.H. 1976. The pteridophyte flora of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. University of Iowa, Iowa City. 83: 143-160. GIU.Y, C.L. 1946. The Cyperaceae of Iowa. Iowa State College )our. Sci. PECK, J.H. 1983. Additions to the pteridophyte flora of Iowa - III. Proc. 21:55-151. Iowa Acad. Sci. 90:28-31. GRAHAM, S.A. 1979. The origin of Ammania X coccinea Rottboell. Taxon POHL, R.W. 1966. Thegrassesoflowa. IowaStateJour. Sci. 40:341-566. 28: 169-178. PRIOR, J.C. 1976. A regional guide to landform regions of Iowa. Educ. HARTLEY, T.H. 1966. The flora of the Driftless Area. Univ. of Iowa Series No. 2. Iowa Geological Survey, Iowa City. Studies Nat. Hist. 21(1):1-174. ROOSA, D.M., M.J. LEOSCHKE andL.J. EILERS. 1989. Distribution of KENNEDY, R.K. 1969. An analysis of tallgrass prairie vegetation relative Iowa's endangered and threatened vascular plants. Department of Natural to slope position, Sheeder Prairie, Iowa. M.S. thesis, Iowa State Univ., Resources, Des Moines, Iowa. Ames.