Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park

Home , Arnica gracilis, Arnica ovata, Artemisia furcata, Artemisia norvegica, Cardamine breweri, Cardamine nuttallii

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior

Natural Resource Program Center

Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR—2010/347

ON THE COVER Mount Rainier and meadow courtesy of 2007 Mount Rainier National Park Vegetation Crew

Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park

Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR—2010/347

Regina M. Rochefort

North Cascades National Park Service Complex 810 State Route 20 Sedro-Woolley, Washington 98284

June 2010

U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado

The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public.

The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations.

All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data.

Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service.

This report is available from the North Coast and Cascades Network website, http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/nccn/reportpubs.cfm and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM).

Please cite this publication as:

Rochefort, R. M. 2010. Vascular plant inventory of Mount Rainier National Park. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR—2010/347. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado.

NPS 105/104280, June 2010 ii

Contents

Page

Figures...... iv

Tables ...... v

Abstract ...... vi

Introduction ...... 1

Methods...... 3

Data mining ...... 3

Field based survey approaches ...... 3

Sensitive plant species surveys ...... 3

Under-surveyed areas ...... 3

Results ...... 5

Data mining ...... 5

Field based survey approaches ...... 7

Sensitive plant species surveys ...... 7

Under-surveyed areas ...... 7

Discussion ...... 9

Literature Cited ...... 11

Appendix A. Checklist of ferns and fern allies in Mount Rainier National Park ...... 13

Appendix B. Checklist of Forbs of Mount Rainier National Park ...... 17

Appendix C. Checklist of grasses, sedges, and rushes of Mount Rainier National Park ...... 35

Appendix D. Checklist of shrubs and vines of Mount Rainier National Park ...... 41

Appendix E. Checklist of Trees of Mount Rainier National Park ...... 44

Appendix F. Guide to abbreviations used to describe wetland indicator status1 ...... 46

Appendix G. Plant species or herbarium specimens in need of further documentation ...... 47

iii

Figures

Page Figure 1. Locations of seven parks within the North Coast and Cascades Network of Parks...... 2

Figure 2. Map illustrating locations of plant collections in Mount Rainier National Park ...... 4

Figure 3. Herbarium specimen of Castilleja oreopola collected in Mount Rainier NP by O.D. Allen in 1897 and stored in a collection at Harvard University,...... 6

Figure 4. Peter Del Zotto and Arnie Peterson pressing specimens in the Tatoosh Range (photo by Ben Legler, UW) ...... 7

Figure 5. Map illustrating locations of Botany Forays...... 8

Tables

Page

Table1. Sensitive species targeted for field surveys...... 5

Table 2. Summary of species verification by stage of inventory ...... 6

Table 3. Summary of new verifications for vascular species in Mount Rainier National Park ..... 9

Table 4. Summary of plant species in Mount Rainier by growth form and origin ...... 9

Abstract

The vascular plant inventory for Mount Rainier National Park was conducted between 2000 and 2007. Initially, the park had a vascular plant species list of 959 species, 56% of which were verified by herbarium specimens, 39% were documented by scientific studies, and the remaining 5% were unverified but were on the list based on species ranges. Our objectives for the vascular plant inventory were: 1) improve the quality of the species verification by increasing the number voucher specimens and 2) to verify the presence of sensitive plants that were listed as occurring within the park. Data mining was the first step of the project and involved in-person and on-line searches of 9 collections. Data mining located 1,099 specimens which increased the voucher- based verifications by 14%. Field inventories of undersurveyed areas and likely habitats of sensitive species were conducted from 2004 to 2007 in partnership with the University of Washington. These Botany Forays resulted in a final vascular plant species list of 973 species, verified at the 97% level: 74% by vouchers, 23% by scientific studies, and only 3% are unverified.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Laurie Kurth for planning and coordinating all field surveys. Data mining was conducted by Katherine Beirne, Ronald Holmes, Brenda Cunningham, Sharon Rodman, Josh Seerup, Catherine Bruno, Arnie Peterson, and Jason Lovelady. Dr. David Giblin supervised the Botany Forays, recruiting volunteers, identifying and preparing herbarium specimens, entering all data into databases, and developing the NPS Botany Foray website. Peter Del Zotto and Ben Legler assisted in leading many of the forays and foray participants included: Arnie Peterson, Jessica Waite, Judy Runge, Megan Jensen, Richard Ramsden, Vicki Weafer, Dan Paquette, Sharon Rodman, LaraMassey, Lindsey Kopeke, Lucia Harrison, Karen Larson, Monica Delmartinii, Sarah Gage, Cindy Gentry, Erin Younger, Navina Leibow, Deanna Goldy, and Don Knoke. Lise Grace, Ronald Holmes, and Bret Christoe entered the data into the NPSpecies database. Anne Braaten and Lise Grace developed the maps used in this report, Joe Oelfke assisted with compiling the tables, and Lise Grace and Ronald Holmes assisted with the formatting of this report.

vii

Introduction

The National Park Service's primary mission is to conserve unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the national park system for the enjoyment of this and future generations. Currently, the Service is unable to attain its mission in many parks, owing to a serious lack of scientific information about the nature and condition of resources in those parks, especially biological resources. In 1992, the National Park Service's (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring Program identified a list of candidate elements and processes for initial inventory in all natural resource parks, proposed the establishment of prototype inventory and monitoring parks, and outlined national implementation guidelines. The National Parks Omnibus Management Act of 1998 recognized the need for good scientific information to manage parks. The act mandated a "program of inventory and monitoring of National Park System resources to establish baseline information and to provide information on the long-term trends in the condition of National Park System resources". Funding acquired through the Natural Resource Challenge (1999) provided the financial resources for National Park Service to initiate Species Inventory Programs focusing on vertebrates and vascular plants. The basic goal of this program is to provide park managers with comprehensive, scientifically-based information about the nature and status of selected biological resources occurring within park boundaries in a format that increases its accessibility and utility for making management decisions, for scientific research, and to share this information with the public.

Inventory and monitoring programs were funded and designed within 32 networks of parks across the National Park Service. The North Coast and Cascade Network (NCCN) includes: Ebey’s Landing National Historical Reserve (EBLA), Fort Clatsop National Memorial (FOCL), Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (FOVA), North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA), Mount Rainier National Park (MORA), Olympic National Park (OLYM), and San Juan National Historic Park (SAJH) (Figure 1). The basic goal of the inventory program was to compile species lists of vascular plants and vertebrates, for each park, and verify these lists at the 90% level. Verification was defined as documentation by voucher specimens, scientific studies, written observations, or photographs. Summaries of existing data revealed a wide range in volume and quality of existing information on species presence in the NCCN parks (Rochefort et al 2009).

Mount Rainier National Park was established on March 2, 1899 encompassing 95,354 ha on the west-side of the Cascade Range, about 100 kilometers (50 miles) southeast of the Seattle- Tacoma metropolitan area (Figure 1). At 4,394 m (14,411 ft), Mount Rainier is the most prominent peak in the Cascade Range. Vegetation is diverse, reflecting the varied climatic and environmental conditions encountered across the park’s 3,902 m (12,800 ft) elevation gradient. Approximately 58 percent of the park is forested, 23 percent is subalpine parkland, and the remainder is alpine, half of which is vegetated and the other half consists of permanent snow and ice. Forest ages range from less than 100 years old on burned areas and moraines left by receding glaciers to old-growth stands 1,000 or more years old. Some alpine heather communities have persisted in the park for up to 10,000 years. There is a long history of plant studies and collecting in MORA (Biek, 2000). However, as we began to compile existing data and develop objectives for individual parks, we were surprised to find that the vascular plants of MORA were already documented at the 95% level (56% by vouchers). In fact, there were over 400 herbarium specimens that had been collected between 1893 and 1899. Our objectives for the

Mount Rainier vascular plant inventory were: 1) improve the quality of our verification by increasing the number of species documented by voucher specimens and 2) to verify the presence of sensitive plants that were listed as occurring within the park.

Figure 1. Locations of seven parks within the North Coast and Cascades Network of Parks.

Methods

This project used two approaches, data mining and field based surveys, to improve and update the quality of our species verification. Data mining occurred between 2000 and 2002 and field surveys were conducted between 2001 and 2007. Data mining methods included literature searches, inventories of the collections in local herbaria, and on-line searches of herbaria in other states. The second approach was to conduct field surveys that focused on habitat for sensitive plant species and under-surveyed areas in the park.

Data mining During the first two years of this project, we visited local university herbaria and searched on- line collection databases for specimens that had been collected in MORA. We also conducted literature searches to locate observation records of vascular plant species in both published and unpublished plant studies. All observation records and herbarium specimens were entered into the NPSpecies database (2001). During the data mining, we also geo-referenced all herbarium specimens so that we could determine if there were “under-surveyed” areas in the park where we should focus our field surveys (Figure 2). The data mining phase resulted in a preliminary species list for MORA with 959 species, 95% of which had been verified, 56% verified by voucher and 39% by observation.

Field based survey approaches

Sensitive plant species surveys During the data mining phase, we developed a potential list of 15 state or federally listed species (Table 1) that might occur in the park. Several of these species had historic records within the park or were placed on the list based on the availability of suitable habitat within the park. We targeted these species for field surveys based on their documented past locations and also kept an eye out for them during surveys in “under-surveyed” areas.

Under-surveyed areas In order to increase the number of species that were documented by vouchers and to look for new species that might not be on our draft species list, we focused our field surveys on the “under-surveyed” areas that we had identified when we geo-referenced specimens found in the various collections. We worked with Dr. David Giblin and Dr. Richard Olmsted of the University of Washington to conduct “Botany Forays” during the field seasons of 2004-2007. During “Botany Forays,” Dr. Giblin recruited 6-10 volunteers to search a geographic area and collect all vascular plant species that were in sufficient abundance (over 20 individual plants per population) and were identifiable to species level (ie. flowers or fruits present). Our vounteer crew was a diverse crew of people including self-taught, experienced botanists; students; and professional plant taxomonists. If possible, 3 specimens of each plant were made. One specimen was deposited in the MORA herbarium, one specimen was deposited in the University of Washington Herbarium (WTU), and the third was sent to the University of British Columbia herbarium in Vancouver, British Columbia. Once specimens were collected, Dr. Giblin brought them back to WTU where they were identified, curated, and accessioned into the designated herbaria.

Figure 2. Map illustrating locations of plant collections in Mount Rainier National Park

Table1. Sensitive species targeted for field surveys.

Scientific Name Status1 Collection Locations Date last Relocated 2001 documented Y/N prior to 2001 Agoseris elata S no records N Botrychium lanceolatum S Paradise 1998 Y Botrychium lunaria S Herbarium specimen, University no date N of Puget Sound, no location Botrychium pinnatum S Cited by Brockman , no location 1947 Y Botrychium simplex S Cited by Brockman , no location 1947 Y Carex atrata var. atrosquama S no records N Castilleja cryptantha S 27 known locations, locally 1997 Y FSC abundant Dryopteris cristata S no records N Galium kamtschaticum S Goat Island Mountain 1992 N Luzula arcuata S no records N Microseris borealis S Mowich Lake 1931 Y Pedicularis rainierensis S abundant throughout subalpine 1988 Y meadows Poa nervosa S no records N Polemonium viscosum S Goat Island Mountain 1996 N Saxifraga debilis S St. Elmo’s pass 1912 N 1S = sensitive species, FSC federal species of concern

Results

Data mining We located herbariums specimens during site visits to the University of Puget Sound (31), University of Washington (721), and Skagit Valley College (47). We also located specimens by conducting on-line searches of collections at Oregon State University (7), University of Minnesota (1), Harvard University (17), University of British Columbia (102), and Washington State University (134) (Figure 3). These specimens were entered into the NPSpecies database in addition to the 2,580 that were already in the Mount Rainier National Park collection and the 39 specimens from the New York Botanical Garden that had been entered by the NPS National I&M Office. In total, these specimens increased the number of species documented by vouchers by 143 (Table 2). However, the data mining did not increase the number of species on the preliminary list, which remained at 959 (Table 2).

Figure 3. Herbarium specimen of Castilleja oreopola collected in Mount Rainier NP by O.D. Allen in 1897 and stored in a collection at Harvard University.

Table 2. Summary of species verification by stage of inventory.

Stage Total Vouchers References or No Total verified species Observations verification Pre-inventory 959 531 (56%) 376 (39%) 52 (5%) 95%

After Data mining 959 674 (70%) 252 (26%) 33 (4%) 96%

2007 after forays 973 719 (74%) 222 (23%) 32 (3%) 97%

Field based survey approaches Sensitive plant species surveys Sensitive species were documented in 34 locations; 12 were revisits of known locations and 22 were areas where potential habitat was identified. Six of our 15 targeted species were documented (Table 1). Two ferns (Botrychium pinnatum and B. simplex) were located; previously, they had been only been cited by Brockman (1947) as occurring in the park, but without specific locations.

Under-surveyed areas Botany Forays were conducted in seven subalpine and alpine areas between 2002 and 2007 (Figure 4, 5; Table 3). Foray participants collected 864 collections representing 307 taxa including first-time vouchers for 45 species. Thirty-one vouchers represented new specimens for species that were on our preliminary plant list based on references or observations. Fourteen species or subspecies were added to our preliminary list based on these surveys.

Figure 4. Peter Del Zotto and Arnie Peterson pressing specimens in the Tatoosh Range (photo by Ben Legler, UW).

Figure 5. Map illustrating locations of Botany Forays.

Table 3. Summary of new voucher verifications for vascular species in Mount Rainier National Park.

Year: Survey area First voucher for species Vouchers for new on preliminary list1 additions to the list 2004: Palisades 9 3 2005: Tatoosh Range & Steven’s Ridge 2 2006: Mowich Lake 11 6 2006: Owyhigh Lakes 9 3 2007: Sunrise and Crystal Lakes 0 2 Total 31 14 1These species were previously documented by observations or scientific study. Discussion

Data mining and field surveys resulted in a final vascular plant list of 973 taxa for Mount Rainier National Park. Our first study objective was to increase the quality of our species verifications; we accomplished this by increasing our rate of voucher verification from 56% to 74% (Table 2). Approximately 16% of species on the plant list are non-native species (Table 4) and 11 species are listed as sensitive by either the Washington Natural Heritage Office (2009) or the USFWS (Appendices A-F).

Table 4. Summary of plant species in Mount Rainier by growth form and origin.

Growth Form Total Taxa Native Taxa (%) Exotic Taxa (%) Forbs 613 492 (80%) 121 (20%) Ferns and fern allies 53 53 0 Grasses, sedges, and 178 150 (82%) 28 (18%) rushes Shrubs and vines 86 83 (96%) 3 (4%) Trees 43 43 (100%) 0 Total 973 821 (84%) 152 (16%)

As previously mentioned, over 400 specimens were collected in the park prior to 1900. The benefit was that we started this project at a high rate of verification. However, there was a significant drawback that must be discussed. One of the most difficult components of the Mount Rainier inventory was data mining and the resolution of plant names. Many of these specimens represented taxa that had undergone name changes over the last 100 years. In most cases, we could track the changes and assign a currently accepted name to the specimen. However, these name assignments are often our best guess and there was no examination or annotation of the specimen (Appendix G). For this reason, it is recommended that annotation of Mount Rainier’s herbarium specimens is a high priority for the inventory and monitoring program. Additionally, many of the species on the park list are based on specimens that were last collected in the early 1900s. These specimens may be important for tracking phenotypic changes in the species, but updated specimens are needed.

Our second objective was to verify the presence of sensitive species that were on the park species list. We relocated and documented six species, of the fifteen, that we had targeted for this compoenent of the study. Surveys for sensitive species and surveys of under-surveyed areas of the park were conducted by park staff and with the assistance of the University of Washington through the Botany Forays program. The Botany Forays were an important component of the 9

inventory. They provided an important education/outreach opportunity while also documenting 45 species that were previously on the park list based on observations. Also, the Foray volunteers updated collections of species that had not been collected for decades. In examining the spatial distribution of existing collections and the recent forays, there are still areas within Mount Rainier that have not been surveyed either by scientific studies or collections (Figure 2). Future Forays are being planned to focus on these areas and in light of climate change, it will be important to document locations of species in these zones, especially in the subalpine and alpine habitats within them.

Literature Cited

Biek, D., 2000. Flora of Mount Rainier National Park. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.

Brockman, C. F. 1947. Flora of Mount Rainer National Park. USDI, National Park Service, US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

NPSpecies - The National Park Service Biodiversity Database. 2001. Secure online version. https://science1.nature.nps.gov/npspecies/web/main/start. Rochefort, R. M., G. Ahlstrand, A. Braaten, K. Beirne, C. Dalby, G. Fauth, S. Fradkin, B. Freet, B. Gleason, R. Glesne, and others. 2009. A study plan to inventory vascular plants and vertebrates: North Coast and Cascades Network (2001). Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRR—2009/089. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Washington Natural Heritage Program. 2009. List of Plants Tracked by the Washington Natural Heritage Program. Available Online (January 2009) http://www1.dnr.wa.gov/nhp/refdesk/lists/plantrnk.html

Appendix A. Checklist of ferns and fern allies in Mount Rainier National Park.

Family Scientific Name Common Wetland Origin State Federal Name Status Status2 Status3 (R9)1 Aspleniaceae Asplenium Maidenhair Native trichomanes ssp. Spleenwort trichomanes Aspleniaceae Asplenium Brightgreen FACU Native trichomanes- Spleenwort ramosum Blechnaceae Blechnum spicant Deer Fern FAC+ Native Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium aquilinum Hairy Native var. pubescens Brackenfern Dryopteridaceae Athyrium Alpine Lady- FAC Native americanum Fern Dryopteridaceae Athyrium Alpine Lady- Native distentifolium Fern Dryopteridaceae Athyrium filix-femina Common FAC Native Ladyfern Dryopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis Brittle FACU Native Bladderfern Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris expansa Spreading Native Woodfern Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris filix-mas Male Fern Native Dryopteridaceae Gymnocarpium Pacific Native disjunctum Oakfern Dryopteridaceae Gymnocarpium Western FAC* Native dryopteris Oakfern Dryopteridaceae Polystichum Anderson's Native andersonii Hollyfern Dryopteridaceae Polystichum Narrowleaf Native imbricans ssp. Swordfern imbricans Dryopteridaceae Polystichum Kruckeberg's Native kruckebergii Hollyfern Dryopteridaceae Polystichum lonchitis Northern FACU Native Hollyfern Dryopteridaceae Polystichum munitum Western FACU Native Swordfern Dryopteridaceae Woodsia oregana Oregon Cliff Native Fern Dryopteridaceae Woodsia scopulina Rocky Native Mountain Woodsia Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail FAC Native Equisetaceae Equisetum fluviatile Water OBL Native Horsetail Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale Scouringrush FACW Native Horsetail Equisetaceae Equisetum palustre Marsh FACW Native Horsetail

Appendix A. Checklist of ferns and fern allies in Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Wetland Origin State Federal Name Status Status2 Status3 (R9)1 Equisetaceae Equisetum telmateia Giant FACW Native Horsetail Equisetaceae Equisetum Variegated FACW Native variegatum Scouringrush Isoetaceae Isoetes bolanderi Bolander's OBL Native Quillwort Lycopodiaceae Huperzia chinensis Chinese Native Clubmoss Lycopodiaceae Huperzia haleakalae Pacific Native Clubmoss Lycopodiaceae Huperzia occidentalis Western Native Clubmoss Lycopodiaceae Huperzia selago var. Fir Clubmoss Native selago Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium alpinum Alpine FAC Native Clubmoss Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium alpinum Native x Lycopodium sitchense Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium Stiff Clubmoss FAC Native annotinum Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium clavatum Running FAC Native Clubmoss Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium Groundcedar FAC Native complanatum Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium Sitka Native sitchense Clubmoss Ophioglossaceae Botrychium Lanceleaf FACW Native lanceolatum Grapefern Ophioglossaceae Botrychium lunaria Common FAC Native Moonwort Ophioglossaceae Botrychium Mingan Native minganense Moonwort Ophioglossaceae Botrychium Leathery FAC Native multifidum Grapefern Ophioglossaceae Botrychium pinnatum Northern Native Moonwort Ophioglossaceae Botrychium simplex Little FAC* Native Grapefern Polypodiaceae Polypodium Irregular Native amorphum Polypody Polypodiaceae Polypodium Licorice Fern Native glycyrrhiza Polypodiaceae Polypodium Western Native hesperium Polypody Pteridaceae Adiantum aleuticum Aleutian Native Maidenhair Pteridaceae Cheilanthes Lace Lipfern Native gracillima Pteridaceae Cryptogramma American Native acrostichoides Rockbrake Pteridaceae Cryptogramma Cascade Native cascadensis Rockbrake

Appendix A. Checklist of ferns and fern allies in Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Wetland Origin State Federal Name Status Status2 Status3 (R9)1 Pteridaceae Pentagramma Goldback Fern Native triangularis ssp. triangularis Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Rocky Native var. scopulorum Mountain Spikemoss Selaginellaceae Selaginella wallacei Wallace's Native Spikemoss Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris Sierra Marsh NI Native nevadensis Fern 1 See Appendix F. Guide to abbreviations used to describe wetland indicator status. 2 State status: T= threatened, S= sensitive, R1 = review list 1 3 Federal status: SC candidate

Appendix B. Checklist of Forbs of Mount Rainier National Park

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Apiaceae Angelica arguta Lyall's Angelica FACW Native Apiaceae Angelica genuflexa Kneeling Angelica FACW Native Apiaceae Cicuta douglasii Western Water OBL Native Hemlock Apiaceae Heracleum Giant Hogweed Non- mantegazzianum Native Apiaceae Heracleum maximum Common FAC+ Native Cowparsnip Apiaceae Ligusticum canbyi Canby's Licorice- FAC Native Root Apiaceae Ligusticum grayi Gray's Licorice- FAC Native Root Apiaceae Lomatium martindalei Cascade Native Desertparsely Apiaceae Lomatium triternatum Nineleaf Biscuitroot Native Apiaceae Oenanthe sarmentosa Water Parsely OBL Native Apiaceae Osmorhiza berteroi Sweet cicely Native Apiaceae Osmorhiza chilensis common sweet Native cicely Apiaceae Osmorhiza occidentalis Western Sweetroot Native Apiaceae Osmorhiza purpurea Sweet Cicely FAC+ Native Apiaceae Sanicula graveolens Northern Sanicle Native Apiaceae Tauschia stricklandii Strickland's Native Umbrellawort Apocynaceae Apocynum Spreading Native androsaemifolium Dogbane Apocynaceae Vinca minor Common Non- Periwinkle Native Araceae Lysichiton americanus American OBL Native Skunkcabbage Aristolochiaceae Asarum caudatum British Colombia FACU* Native Wildginger Asteraceae Achillea millefolium var. Common Yarrow Native alpicola Asteraceae Achillea millefolium var. Western Yarrow Native occidentalis Asteraceae Adenocaulon bicolor American Trail Native Plant Asteraceae Agoseris aurantiaca var. Orange Agoseris Native aurantiaca Asteraceae Agoseris glauca var. Pale Agoseris Native dasycephala Asteraceae Agoseris grandiflora Bigflower Agoseris Native Asteraceae Agoseris heterophylla Annual Agoseris Native var. heterophylla Asteraceae Anaphalis margaritacea Western Pearly Native Everlasting Asteraceae Antennaria alpina Alpine Pussytoes Native Asteraceae Antennaria howellii Howell's Pussytoes Native Asteraceae Antennaria lanata Woolly Pussytoes Native Asteraceae Antennaria media Rocky Mountain Native Pussytoes Asteraceae Antennaria microphylla Littleleaf Pussytoes Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Asteraceae Antennaria neglecta Field Pussytoes Native Asteraceae Antennaria racemosa Raceme Pussytoes Native Asteraceae Antennaria rosea Rosy Pussytoes Native Asteraceae Antennaria umbrinella Umber Pussytoes FACU Native Asteraceae Anthemis arvensis Corn Chamomile Non- Native Asteraceae Anthemis cotula Stinking FACU Non- Chamomile Native Asteraceae Arctium minus Lesser Burdock Non- Native Asteraceae Arnica alpina Alpine Arnica Native Asteraceae Arnica amplexicaulis Clasping Arnica FACW Native Asteraceae Arnica chamissonis Chamisso Arnica FACW Native Asteraceae Arnica cordifolia Heartleaf Arnica Native Asteraceae Arnica gracilis Smallhead Arnica Native Asteraceae Arnica latifolia Broadleaf Arnica FAC- Native Asteraceae Arnica longifolia Spearleaf Arnica FACW Native Asteraceae Arnica mollis Hairy Arnica FAC Native Asteraceae Arnica ovata stidky leaf arnica Native Asteraceae Arnica parryi ssp. parryi Parry's Arnica Native Asteraceae Arnica rydbergii Rydberg's Arnica Native Asteraceae Arnica X diversifolia Curtis FACW Native Churchmouse Threeawn Asteraceae Artemisia absinthium Absinthium Native Asteraceae Artemisia arctica ssp. Boreal Sagebrush Native arctica Asteraceae Artemisia campestris Field Sagewort Native Asteraceae Artemisia douglasiana Douglas' Sagewort FACW Native Asteraceae Artemisia furcata var. Forked Wormwood Native furcata Asteraceae Artemisia ludoviciana White Sagebrush Native ssp. candicans Asteraceae Artemisia norvegica Norway Sagewort Native Asteraceae Artemisia tilesii Tilesius' Native Wormwood Asteraceae Artemisia vulgaris Common Native Wormwood Asteraceae Aster foliaceus var. Alpine Leafybract Native foliaceus Aster Asteraceae Aster subspicatus var. Leafybract Aster Native subspicatus Asteraceae Bellis perennis Lawndaisy Non- Native Asteraceae Bidens frondosa Devil's Beggartick FACW+ Native Asteraceae Canadanthus modestus Giant Mountain FAC+ Native Aster Asteraceae Centaurea biebersteinii Spotted Knapweed Non- Native Asteraceae Centaurea cyanus Garden Cornflower Non- Native Asteraceae Centaurea diffusa Diffuse Knapweed Non- Native Asteraceae Centaurea nigra Lesser Knapweed Non- Native Asteraceae Cichorium intybus Chicory Non- Native Asteraceae Cirsium arvense Canada Thistle FACU+ Non- Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Asteraceae Cirsium brevistylum Clustered Thistle Native Asteraceae Cirsium edule Edible Thistle FAC Native Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare Bull Thistle FACU Non- Native Asteraceae Conyza canadensis Canadian FACU Non- Horseweed Native Asteraceae Crepis capillaris Smooth FACU* Non- Hawksbeard Native Asteraceae Erigeron acris ssp. Bitter Fleabane Native debilis Asteraceae Erigeron acris ssp. Bitter Fleabane Native politus Asteraceae Erigeron aureus Alpine Yellow Native Fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron compositus Cutleaf Daisy Native Asteraceae Erigeron peregrinus Subalpine Native ssp. callianthemus Fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron peregrinus var. Subalpine Native peregrinus Fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia FACU Non- Fleabane Native Asteraceae Erigeron speciosus Aspen Fleabane Native Asteraceae Erigeron strigosus var. Prarie Fleabane Native strigosus Asteraceae Erigeron subtrinervis Threenerve Native var. conspicuus Fleabane Asteraceae Eriophyllum lanatum Common Woolly Native Sunflower Asteraceae Eucephalus ledophyllus Cascade Aster Native var. ledophyllus Asteraceae Gamochaeta ustulata Featherweed Native Asteraceae Hieracium albiflorum White Hawkweed Native Asteraceae Hieracium atratum Polar Hawkweed Non- Native Asteraceae Hieracium aurantiacum Orange Hawkweed Non- Native Asteraceae Hieracium caespitosum Meadow Non- Hawkweed Native Asteraceae Hieracium Houndstongue Native cynoglossoides Hawkweed Asteraceae Hieracium gracile Slender Hawkweed Native Asteraceae Hieracium scouleri var. Scouler's Native scouleri Woollyweed Asteraceae Hulsea nana Dwarf Alpinegold Native R1 Asteraceae Hypochaeris radicata Hairy Cat's Ear FACU* Non- Native Asteraceae Lactuca biennis Tall Blue Lettuce FAC Native Asteraceae Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce FACU Non- Native Asteraceae Lapsana communis Common Non- Nipplewort Native Asteraceae Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy Non- Native Asteraceae Luina hypoleuca Littleleaf Silverback Native Asteraceae Madia exigua Small Tarweed Native Asteraceae Madia gracilis Grassy Tarweed Native Asteraceae Matricaria discoidea Disc Mayweed FACU Non- Native Asteraceae Microseris borealis Northern Microseris OBL Native S

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Asteraceae Mycelis muralis Wall-Lettuce Non- Native Asteraceae Nothocalais alpestris Alpine Lake False Native Dandelion Asteraceae Oreostemma alpigenum Tundra Aster Native var. alpigenum Asteraceae Packera cymbalarioides Rocky Mountain Native Groundsel Asteraceae Packera flettii Flett's Ragwort Native Asteraceae Packera streptanthifolia Rocky Mountain FACU Native Groundsel Asteraceae Petasites frigidus var. Arctic Sweet Native frigidus Coltsfoot Asteraceae Petasites frigidus var. Arctic Sweet Native nivalis Coltsfoot Asteraceae Petasites frigidus var. Arctic Sweet FACW+ Native palmatus Coltsfoot Asteraceae Prenanthes alata Western Native Rattlesnakeroot Asteraceae Pseudognaphalium Wright's Cudweed Native canescens ssp. microcephalum Asteraceae Pseudognaphalium Winged Cudweed Native viscosum Asteraceae Rainiera stricta False Silverback Native Asteraceae Saussurea americana American Saw- Native Wort Asteraceae Senecio elmeri Elmer's Ragwort Native Asteraceae Senecio fremontii var. Dwarf Mountain Native fremontii Ragwort Asteraceae Senecio integerrimus Columbia Ragwort Native var. exaltatus Asteraceae Senecio integerrimus Paleyellow Ragwort Native var. ochroleucus Asteraceae Senecio jacobaea Stinking Willie FACU* Non- Native Asteraceae Senecio Cleftleaf Groundsel Native streptanthifolius var. streptanthifolius Asteraceae Senecio sylvaticus Woodland Ragwort Non- Native Asteraceae Senecio triangularis Arrowleaf Ragwort FACW+ Native Asteraceae Senecio vulgaris Old-Man-In-The- FACU Non- Spring Native Asteraceae Solidago canadensis Rough Canada FAC- Native var. salebrosa Goldenrod Asteraceae Solidago multiradiata Manyray Goldenrod Native var. scopulorum Asteraceae Solidago simplex var. Dwarf Goldenrod Native nana Asteraceae Solidago simplex var. Mt. Albert Native simplex Goldenrod Asteraceae Solidago simplex var. Mt. Albert Native spathulata Goldenrod Asteraceae Sonchus asper Spiny Sowthistle FAC- Non- Native Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus Common UPL Non- Sowthistle Native Asteraceae Symphyotrichum Parry's Aster Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 foliaceum var. parryi Asteraceae Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew Non- Native Asteraceae Tanacetum vulgare Common Tansy NI Non- Native Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale Common FACU Non- Dandelion Native Asteraceae Tonestus lyallii Lyall's Goldenweed Native Asteraceae Tragopogon dubius Yellow Salsify Non- Native Asteraceae Tragopogon porrifolius Salsify Non- Native Asteraceae Xanthium strumarium Canada Cocklebur Native var. canadense Berberidaceae Achlys californica Deer's Foot Native Berberidaceae Achlys triphylla Sweet After Death Native Berberidaceae Vancouveria hexandra White Insideout Native Flower Boraginaceae Amsinckia menziesii Menzies' Native Fiddleneck Boraginaceae Asperugo procumbens German-Madwort Non- Native Boraginaceae Cryptantha affinis Quill Cryptantha Native Boraginaceae Cryptantha ambigua Basin Cryptantha Native Boraginaceae Cryptantha intermedia Clearwater Native Cryptantha Boraginaceae Cryptantha simulans Pinewoods Native Cryptantha Boraginaceae Mertensia paniculata Tall Bluebells FACW- Native Boraginaceae Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-Me- FAC Non- Not Native Boraginaceae Myosotis stricta Strict Forget-Me- Non- Not Native Boraginaceae Myosotis sylvatica Woodland Forget- FAC Non- Me-Not Native Brassicaceae Arabidopsis thaliana Mouseear Cress Non- Native Brassicaceae Arabis drummondii Drummond's FACU Native Rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis furcata Columbia Gorge Native Rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis glabra Tower Rockcress Native Brassicaceae Arabis hirsuta Hairy Rockcress FACU Native Brassicaceae Arabis holboellii var. Second Rockcress Native retrofracta Brassicaceae Arabis lyallii Lyall's Rockcress Native Brassicaceae Barbarea orthoceras American FACW+ Native Yellowrocket Brassicaceae Brassica nigra Black Mustard Non- Native Brassicaceae Brassica rapa var. rapa Field Mustard Non- Native Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's Purse FACU Non- Native Brassicaceae Cardamine angulata Seaside Bittercress FACW Native Brassicaceae Cardamine bellidifolia Alpine Bittercress NI Native Brassicaceae Cardamine breweri Brewer's FACW+ Native Bittercress Brassicaceae Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bittercress Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Brassicaceae Cardamine nuttallii var. Nuttall's Toothwort FACW+ Native gemmata Brassicaceae Cardamine nuttallii var. Palmate Toothwort Native nuttallii Brassicaceae Cardamine occidentalis Big Western FACW+ Native Bittercress Brassicaceae Cardamine oligosperma Umbel Bittercress Native var. kamtschatica Brassicaceae Cardamine oligosperma Little Western Native var. oligosperma Bittercress Brassicaceae Cardamine Pennsylvania FACW Native pensylvanica Bittercress Brassicaceae Cusickiella douglasii Alkali Cusickiella Native T Brassicaceae Descurainia incana Mountain Native Tansymustard Brassicaceae Descurainia sophia Herb Sophia Non- Native Brassicaceae Draba aureola Mt. Lassen Draba Native Brassicaceae Draba incerta Yellowstone Draba Native Brassicaceae Draba lonchocarpa Lancepod Draba Native Brassicaceae Draba oligosperma Fewseed Draba Native Brassicaceae Draba paysonii Payson's Draba Native Brassicaceae Draba ruaxes Rainier Draba Native Brassicaceae Draba verna Spring Draba Native Brassicaceae Erysimum arenicola var. Cascade Native torulosum Wallflower Brassicaceae Erysimum capitatum Sanddune Native var. capitatum Wallflower Brassicaceae Lepidium campestre Field Pepperweed Non- Native Brassicaceae Lepidium perfoliatum Clasping FACU+ Non- Pepperweed Native Brassicaceae Physaria alpestris Washington Native Twinpod Brassicaceae Rorippa curvisiliqua Curvepod OBL Native Yellowcress Brassicaceae Sinapis arvensis Charlock Mustard Non- Native Brassicaceae Sisymbrium altissimum Tall FACU- Non- Tumblemustard Native Brassicaceae Sisymbrium officinale Hedgemustard Non- Native Brassicaceae Smelowskia calycina Alpine Smelowskia Native Brassicaceae Smelowskia ovalis Alpine False Native Candytuft Brassicaceae Teesdalia nudicaulis Barestem Non- Teesdalia Native Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvense Field Pennycress NI Non- Native Brassicaceae Thlaspi montanum var. Alpine Pennycress Native montanum Callitrichaceae Callitriche Northern Water- OBL Native hermaphroditica Starwort Callitrichaceae Callitriche heterophylla Bolander's Water- Native ssp. bolanderi Starwort Callitrichaceae Callitriche palustris Vernal Water- OBL Native Starwort Campanulaceae Campanula persicifolia Peachleaf Non- Bellflower Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Campanulaceae Campanula rotundifolia Bluebell Bellflower FACU+ Native Campanulaceae Campanula scouleri Pale Bellflower Native Campanulaceae Campanula uniflora Arctic Bellflower Native Caprifoliaceae Linnaea borealis ssp. Longtube Native longiflora Twinflower Caryophyllaceae Arenaria capillaris ssp. Fescue Sandwort Native americana Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpyllifolia Thymeleaf Non- ssp. serpyllifolia Sandwort Native Caryophyllaceae Cerastium arvense Field Chickweed FACU Native Caryophyllaceae Cerastium fontanum Big Chickweed FACU Non- ssp. vulgare Native Caryophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Chickweed UPL Non- Native Caryophyllaceae Dianthus armeria Deptford Pink Non- Native Caryophyllaceae Dianthus barbatus Sweetwilliam Non- Native Caryophyllaceae Minuartia nuttallii ssp. Nuttall's Sandwort Native nuttallii Caryophyllaceae Minuartia obtusiloba Twinflower FACU- Native Sandwort Caryophyllaceae Minuartia rubella Beautiful Sandwort FACU- Native Caryophyllaceae Moehringia macrophylla Largeleaf Sandwort Native Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria Tuber Starwort Native jamesiana Caryophyllaceae Sagina decumbens ssp. Western Pearlwort Native occidentalis Caryophyllaceae Sagina procumbens Birdeye Pearlwort FAC Non- Native Caryophyllaceae Sagina saginoides Arctic Pearlwort FACW- Native Caryophyllaceae Silene acaulis var. Moss Campion Native exscapa Caryophyllaceae Silene antirrhina Sleepy Silene Non- Native Caryophyllaceae Silene douglasii var. Douglas's Catchfly Native douglasii Caryophyllaceae Silene latifolia ssp. alba Bladder Campion Non- Native Caryophyllaceae Silene menziesii Menzie's Campion FAC Native Caryophyllaceae Silene noctiflora Nightflowering Non- Silene Native Caryophyllaceae Silene oregana Oregon Silene Native Caryophyllaceae Silene parryi Parry's Silene Native Caryophyllaceae Silene scouleri ssp. Simple Campion Native scouleri Caryophyllaceae Silene suksdorfii Suksdorf's Silene Native Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris Maidenstears Non- Native Caryophyllaceae Spergula arvensis Corn Spurry Non- Native Caryophyllaceae Spergularia diandra Alkali Sandspurry FACW Non- Native Caryophyllaceae Spergularia rubra Red Sandspurry FAC- Non- Native Caryophyllaceae Stellaria borealis ssp. Boreal Starwort Native borealis Caryophyllaceae Stellaria borealis ssp. Sitka Starwort FACW- Native sitchana

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Caryophyllaceae Stellaria calycantha Northern Starwort FACW+ Native Caryophyllaceae Stellaria crispa Curled Starwort FAC+ Native Caryophyllaceae Stellaria graminea Grass-Like FAC- Non- Starwort Native Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media Common FACU Non- Chickweed Native Caryophyllaceae Stellaria nitens Shiny Chickweed Native Caryophyllaceae Stellaria obtusa Rocky Mountain FACW Native Chickweed Caryophyllaceae Vaccaria hispanica Cow Soapwort Non- Native Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album Lambsquarters FAC Non- Native Clusiaceae Hypericum anagalloides Tinker's Penny OBL Native Clusiaceae Hypericum perforatum Common St. Non- Johnswort Native Cornaceae Cornus unalaschkensis Western FACW Native Cordilleran Bunchberry Crassulaceae Rhodiola integrifolia Ledge Stonecrop Native ssp. integrifolia Crassulaceae Rhodiola rosea Roseroot Native Stonecrop Crassulaceae Sedum divergens Pacific Stonecrop Native Crassulaceae Sedum oreganum Oregon Stonecrop Native Crassulaceae Sedum rupicola Curvedleaf Native Stonecrop Droseraceae Drosera rotundifolia Roundleaf Sundew OBL Native Fabaceae Astragalus alpinus Alpine Milkvetch FAC- Native Fabaceae Lathyrus latifolius Perennial Pea Non- Native Fabaceae Lathyrus nevadensis Sierra Pea Native Fabaceae Lathyrus pauciflorus Fewflower Pea Native Fabaceae Lathyrus polyphyllus Leafy Pea Native Fabaceae Lathyrus sylvestris Flat Pea Non- Native Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus Bird's-Foot Trefoil FAC Non- Native Fabaceae Lotus micranthus Desert Deervetch Native Fabaceae Lotus unifoliolatus var. American Bird's- Native unifoliolatus Foot Trefoil Fabaceae Lupinus arcticus ssp. Subalpine Lupine Native subalpinus Fabaceae Lupinus latifolius ssp. Broad-Leaf Lupine Native latifolius Fabaceae Lupinus lepidus Pacific Lupine Native Fabaceae Lupinus lyallii Dwarf Mountain Native Lupine Fabaceae Lupinus polycarpus Smallflower Lupine Native Fabaceae Lupinus rivularis Riverbank Lupine FACU Native Fabaceae Lupinus sericeus Silky Lupine Native Fabaceae Medicago lupulina Black Medick FAC Non- Native Fabaceae Medicago sativa Alfalfa Non- Native Fabaceae Melilotus alba Yellow Sweetclover Non- Native Fabaceae Melilotus indicus Annual Yellow FACU Non- Sweetclover Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Fabaceae Oxytropis monticola Yellowflower Non- Locoweed Native Fabaceae Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover UPL Non- Native Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover FAC Non- Native Fabaceae Trifolium pratense Red Clover FACU Non- Native Fabaceae Trifolium repens var. White Clover Non- repens Native Fabaceae Vicia americana ssp. American Vetch Native americana Fabaceae Vicia americana ssp. Mat Vetch Native minor Fabaceae Vicia sativa ssp. nigra Garden Vetch Non- Native Fabaceae Vicia tetrasperma Lentil Vetch Non- Native Fumariaceae Corydalis scouleri Scouler's FAC+ Native Fumewort Fumariaceae Dicentra formosa Pacific Bleeding FACW- Native Heart Fumariaceae Dicentra uniflora Longhorn Steer's- Native Head Gentianaceae Gentiana calycosa Ranier Pleated FACW- Native Gentian Geraniaceae Erodium cicutarium Redstem Stork's Non- Bell Native Geraniaceae Geranium molle Dovefoot Geranium Non- Native Geraniaceae Geranium pusillum Small Geranium Non- Native Geraniaceae Geranium robertianum Robert Geranium Non- Native Hippuridaceae Hippuris montana Mountain Mare's- FACW+ Native Tail Hippuridaceae Hippuris vulgaris Common Mare's- OBL Native Tail Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllum fendleri Fendler's Waterleaf FAC Native Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllum tenuipes Pacific Waterleaf Native Hydrophyllaceae Nemophila parviflora Smallflower Native Nemophila Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia hastata Silverleaf Phacelia Native Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia heterophylla Varileaf Phacelia FACU Native Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia leptosepala Narrowsepal Native Phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia mutabilis Changeable Native Phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia nemoralis Shade Phacelia Native Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia sericea Silky Phacelia Native Hydrophyllaceae Romanzoffia sitchensis Sitka Mistmaiden FACW- Native Iridaceae Sisyrinchium idahoense Macoun's Blue- Native var. macounii Eyed Grass Lamiaceae Clinopodium douglasii Yerba Buena Native Lamiaceae Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy FACU+ Non- Native Lamiaceae Lamium amplexicaule Henbit Nettle Non- Native Lamiaceae Lycopus uniflorus Northern OBL Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Bugleweed Lamiaceae Mentha aquatica Water Mint NO Non- Native Lamiaceae Mentha arvensis Wild Mint FACW- Native Lamiaceae Monardella Mountain FACU- Native odoratissima Monardella Lamiaceae Nepeta cataria Catnip FAC Non- Native Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris ssp. Lance Selfheal Native lanceolata Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris ssp. Common Selfheal Non- vulgaris Native Lamiaceae Stachys chamissonis Coastal FACW Native var. cooleyae Hedgenettle Lamiaceae Thymus praecox ssp. Creeping Thyme Non- arcticus Native Lemnaceae Lemna minor Common OBL Native Duckweed Lentibulariaceae Pinguicula vulgaris Common Native Butterwort Liliaceae Allium cernuum Nodding Onion Native Liliaceae Allium validum Pacific Onion OBL Native Liliaceae Clintonia uniflora Bride's Bonnet Native Liliaceae Disporum hookeri Drops Of Gold Native Liliaceae Disporum smithii Largeflower Native Fairybells Liliaceae Erythronium Yellow Avalanche- FACU Native grandiflorum Lily Liliaceae Erythronium montanum White Avalanche- Native Lily Liliaceae Fritillaria affinis var. Checker Lily Native affinis Liliaceae Lilium columbianum Columbia Lily Native Liliaceae Lloydia serotina Common Alplily FACU Native Liliaceae Maianthemum dilatatum False Lily Of The FAC Native Valley Liliaceae Maianthemum Feathery False Lily Native racemosum ssp. Of The Valley amplexicaule Liliaceae Maianthemum Feathery False Lily Native racemosum ssp. Of The Valley racemosum Liliaceae Maianthemum stellatum Starry False Lily Of FAC- Native The Valley Liliaceae Stenanthium Western FAC* Native occidentale Featherbells Liliaceae Streptopus Claspedleaf FAC- Native amplexifolius Twistedstalk Liliaceae Streptopus lanceolatus Twistedstalk Native var. curvipes Liliaceae Streptopus lanceolatus Twistedstalk Native var. roseus Liliaceae Streptopus Small Twistedstalk Native streptopoides Liliaceae Tofieldia glutinosa ssp. Sticky Tofieldia Native brevistyla Liliaceae Trillium ovatum Pacific Trillium FACU* Native Liliaceae Triteleia hyacinthina White Brodiaea FACU Native Liliaceae Veratrum californicum Cascade False OBL Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 var. caudatum Hellebore Liliaceae Veratrum viride Green False FACW Native Hellebore Liliaceae Xerophyllum tenax Common Native Beargrass Liliaceae Zigadenus venenosus Meadow Native var. venenosus Deathcamas Malvaceae Malva neglecta Common Mallow Non- Native Malvaceae Malva parviflora Cheeseweed Non- Mallow Native Menyanthaceae Menyanthes trifoliata Buckbean OBL Native Monotropaceae Allotropa virgata Sugarstick Native Monotropaceae Hemitomes congestum Coneplant Native Monotropaceae Monotropa hypopithys Pinesap Native Monotropaceae Monotropa uniflora Indianpipe FACU Native Monotropaceae Pleuricospora Fringed Pinesap Native fimbriolata Monotropaceae Pterospora andromedea Woodland Native Pinedrops Nymphaeaceae Nuphar lutea ssp. Rocky Mountain Native polysepala Pond-Lily Onagraceae Circaea alpina Small Enchanter's FAC+ Native Nightshade Onagraceae Epilobium Pimpernel FACU- Native anagallidifolium Willowherb Onagraceae Epilobium angustifolium Fireweed Native Onagraceae Epilobium Tall Annual UPL Native brachycarpum Willowherb Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum ssp. Fringed Willowherb Native ciliatum Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum ssp. Fringed Willowherb Native glandulosum Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum ssp. Fringed Willowherb Native watsonii Onagraceae Epilobium clavatum Talus Willowherb FACU+ Native Onagraceae Epilobium densiflorum Denseflower FACW- Native Willowherd Onagraceae Epilobium glaberrimum Glaucus Native ssp. fastigiatum Willowherb Onagraceae Epilobium glaberrimum Glaucus Native ssp. glaberrimum Willowherb Onagraceae Epilobium halleanum Glandular FACW Native Willowherb Onagraceae Epilobium halleanum Glandular FACW Native Willowherb Onagraceae Epilobium lactiflorum Milkflower FACW Native Willowherb Onagraceae Epilobium latifolium Dwarf Fireweed FACW Native Onagraceae Epilobium luteum Yellow Willowherb FACW Native Onagraceae Epilobium minutum Chaparral Native Willowherb Onagraceae Epilobium oregonense Oregon Willowherb FACW Native Onagraceae Epilobium X pulchrum Epilobium Native Pulchrum Onagraceae Gayophytum Pinyon Native ramosissimum Groundsmoke Orchidaceae Calypso bulbosa Fairy Slipper FAC+ Native Orchidaceae Cephalanthera Phantom Orchid Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 austiniae Orchidaceae Corallorrhiza maculata Summer Coralroot UPL Native Orchidaceae Corallorrhiza Pacific Coralroot Native mertensiana Orchidaceae Corallorrhiza striata var. Hooded Coralroot Native striata Orchidaceae Corallorrhiza trifida Yellow Coralroot FAC Native Orchidaceae Goodyera oblongifolia Western FACU- Native Rattlesnake Plantain Orchidaceae Listera caurina Northwestern FACU Native Twayblade Orchidaceae Listera convallarioides Broadlipped FACU Native Twayblade Orchidaceae Listera cordata Heartleaf FACU* Native Twayblade Orchidaceae Piperia elegans ssp. Elegant Piperia Native elegans Orchidaceae Piperia unalascensis Slender-Spine NI Native Orchid Orchidaceae Platanthera dilatata Scentbottle FACW+ Native Orchidaceae Platanthera Sierra Bog Orchid Native leucostachys Orchidaceae Platanthera stricta Slender Bog Orchid FACW+ Native Orchidaceae Spiranthes Hooded Lady's FACW Native romanzoffiana Tresses Orobanchaceae Orobanche uniflora Oneflowered FACU Native Broomrape Oxalidaceae Oxalis oregana Redwood-Sorrel Native Oxalidaceae Oxalis trilliifolia Threeleaf FAC+ Native Woodsorrel Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata Narrowleaf Plantain FAC Non- Native Plantaginaceae Plantago major var. Common Plantain Non- major Native Polemoniaceae Collomia heterophylla Variableleaf Native Collomia Polemoniaceae Collomia larsenii Talus Collomia Native Polemoniaceae Collomia linearis Tiny Trumpet FACU Native Polemoniaceae Gilia capillaris Miniature Gilia Native Polemoniaceae Gilia capitata ssp. Bluehead Gilia Native capitata Polemoniaceae Linanthus nuttallii ssp. Nuttall's Linanthus Native nuttallii Polemoniaceae Phlox gracilis ssp. Slender Phlox Native gracilis Polemoniaceae Polemonium Moving Native californicum Polemonium Polemoniaceae Polemonium elegans Elegant Jacob's Native Ladder Polemoniaceae Polemonium Jacob's-Ladder Native pulcherrimum ssp. lindleyi Polemoniaceae Polemonium Jacob's-Ladder Native pulcherrimum ssp. pulcherrimum Polygonaceae Eriogonum compositum Arrowleaf Native var. compositum Buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum ovalifolium Cushion Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 var. nivale Buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum pyrolifolium Shasta Buckwheat Native var. coryphaeum Polygonaceae Eriogonum umbellatum Sulphur-Flower Native var. majus Buckwheat Polygonaceae Oxyria digyna Alpine FACU- Native Mountainsorrel Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare Prostrate Knotweed FACW- Non- Native Polygonaceae Polygonum bistortoides American Bistort FACW* Native Polygonaceae Polygonum convolvulus Black Bindweed Non- var. convolvulus Native Polygonaceae Polygonum cuspidatum Japonese FACU* Non- Knotweed Native Polygonaceae Polygonum davisiae Davis' Knotweed Native Polygonaceae Polygonum douglasii Douglas' Knotweed Native ssp. douglasii Polygonaceae Polygonum hydropiper Marshpepper OBL Non- Knotweed Native Polygonaceae Polygonum Curlytop Knotweed FACW Non- lapathifolium Native Polygonaceae Polygonum minimum Broadleaf FACU+ Native Knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum Kellog's Knotweed FAC Native polygaloides ssp. kelloggii Polygonaceae Rumex acetosella Common FACU+ Non- Sheepsorrel Native Polygonaceae Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock FACW Non- Native Polygonaceae Rumex crispus Curly Dock FAC+ Non- Native Polygonaceae Rumex obtusifolius Bitter Dock FAC Non- Native Polygonaceae Rumex salicifolius var. Toothed Willow Native denticulatus Dock Portulacaceae Cistanthe umbellata var. Mt. Hood Native caudicifera Pussypaws Portulacaceae Cistanthe umbellata var. Mt. Hood Native umbellata Pussypaws Portulacaceae Claytonia cordifolia Heartleaf FAC Native Springbeauty Portulacaceae Claytonia lanceolata Lanceleaf Native var. chrysantha Springbeauty Portulacaceae Claytonia lanceolata Lanceleaf Native var. lanceolata Springbeauty Portulacaceae Claytonia parviflora Streambank Native Springbeauty Portulacaceae Claytonia perfoliata ssp. Miner's Lettuce Native perfoliata Portulacaceae Claytonia rubra ssp. Redstem Native rubra Springbeauty Portulacaceae Claytonia sibirica var. Siberian Native sibirica Springbeauty Portulacaceae Lewisia columbiana var. Columbian Lewisia Native rupicola Portulacaceae Lewisia pygmaea Alpine Lewisia Native pygmaea Portulacaceae Lewisia triphylla Threeleaf Lewisia UPL Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Portulacaceae Montia fontana Annual Water OBL Native Minerslettuce Portulacaceae Montia linearis Narrowleaf Native Minerslettuce Portulacaceae Montia parvifolia ssp. Littleleaf Native flagellaris Minerslettuce Portulacaceae Montia parvifolia ssp. Littleleaf Native parvifolia Minerslettuce Potamogetonacea Potamogeton natans Floating Pondweed OBL Native e Primulaceae Dodecatheon jeffreyi Sierra Shooting Native ssp. jeffreyi Star Primulaceae Dodecatheon meadia Pride Of Ohio Native Primulaceae Douglasia laevigata var. Cliff Dwarf- Native ciliolata Primrose Primulaceae Trientalis borealis ssp. Broadleaf FAC- Native latifolia Starflower Primulaceae Trientalis europaea ssp. Arctic Starflower OBL Native arctica Pyrolaceae Chimaphila menziesii Little Prince's Pine Native Pyrolaceae Chimaphila umbellata Pipissewa Native ssp. occidentalis Pyrolaceae Moneses uniflora Single Delight Native Pyrolaceae Orthilia secunda Sidebells Native Wintergreen Pyrolaceae Pyrola asarifolia ssp. Liverleaf FACW- Native asarifolia Wintergreen Pyrolaceae Pyrola asarifolia ssp. Pink Wintergreen Native bracteata Pyrolaceae Pyrola chlorantha Greenflowered FAC Native Wintergreen Pyrolaceae Pyrola minor Snowline FACU+ Native Wintergreen Pyrolaceae Pyrola picta Whiteveined Native Wintergreen Ranunculaceae Aconitum columbianum Columbian Native var. columbianum Monkflower Ranunculaceae Actaea rubra Red Baneberry Native Ranunculaceae Anemone deltoidea Columbian Native Windflower Ranunculaceae Anemone drummondii Drummond's Native ssp. drummondii Anemone Ranunculaceae Anemone multifida Pacific Anemone Native Ranunculaceae Anemone multifida var. red windflower Native saxicola Ranunculaceae Anemone occidentalis White Native Pasqueflower Ranunculaceae Aquilegia formosa Western Columbine FAC Native Ranunculaceae Caltha leptosepala ssp. Howell's Marsh Native howellii Marigold Ranunculaceae Caltha leptosepala var. White Marsh Native leptosepala Marigold Ranunculaceae Delphinium bicolor Little Larkspur Native Ranunculaceae Delphinium glareosum Olympic Larkspur Native Ranunculaceae Delphinium glaucum Sierra Larkspur FACW Native Ranunculaceae Ranunculus acris var. Showy Buttercup Non- acris Native Ranunculaceae Ranunculus alismifolius Plantainleaf FACW Native Buttercup

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Ranunculaceae Ranunculus aquatilis White Water OBL Native Crowfoot Ranunculaceae Ranunculus Eschsholtz's Native eschscholtzii var. Buttercup eschscholtzii Ranunculaceae Ranunculus occidentalis Western Buttercup FAC Native Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup FACW Non- Native Ranunculaceae Ranunculus suksdorfii Suksdorf's Native Buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus uncinatus Idaho Buttercup Native var. parviflorus Ranunculaceae Ranunculus verecundus Wetslope Buttercup FAC* Native Ranunculaceae Thalictrum occidentale Western Meadow- FACU* Native Rue Ranunculaceae Trautvetteria Western Bugbane Native caroliniensis var. occidentalis Ranunculaceae Trollius laxus ssp. American Native albiflorus Globeflower Rosaceae Aruncus dioicus var. Bride's Feathers Native acuminatus Rosaceae Comarum palustre Purple Marshlocks Native Rosaceae Dasiphora floribunda Shrubby Cinquefoil Native Rosaceae Fragaria chiloensis Beach Strawberry Native Rosaceae Fragaria crinita Pacific Strawberry Native Rosaceae Fragaria vesca ssp. Woodland Native bracteata Strawberry Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana ssp. Virginia Strawberry Native platypetala Rosaceae Geum macrophyllum Largeleaf Avens Native var. macrophyllum Rosaceae Ivesia tweedyi Tweedy's Ivesia Native Rosaceae Luetkea pectinata Partridgefoot FACU- Native Rosaceae Potentilla biennis Biennial Cinquefoil FACW Native Rosaceae Potentilla diversifolia Varileaf Cinquefoil Native var. diversifolia Rosaceae Potentilla drummondii Drummond's Native ssp. drummondii Cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla flabellifolia High Mountain Native Cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla glandulosa Sticky Cinquefoil Native ssp. glandulosa Rosaceae Potentilla gracilis var. Graceful Cinquefoil Native gracilis Rosaceae Potentilla norvegica Norwegian Non- ssp. monspeliensis Cinquefoil Native Rosaceae Potentilla rivalis var. Brook Cinquefoil FAC+ Native millegrana Rosaceae Potentilla villosa Villous Cinquefoil Native Rosaceae Sanguisorba Canadian Burnet FACW Native canadensis Rosaceae Sibbaldia procumbens Creeping Sibaldia Native Rubiaceae Galium aparine Stickywilly FACU Native Rubiaceae Galium kamtschaticum Boreal Bedstraw Native Rubiaceae Galium oreganum Oregon Bedstraw Native Rubiaceae Galium trifidum ssp. Threepetal Native columbianum Bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium triflorum Fragrant Bedstraw FACU Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Rubiaceae Galium verum Yellow Spring Non- Bedstraw Native Saxifragaceae Boykinia occidentalis Coastal Brookfoam FAC Native Saxifragaceae Chrysosplenium Pacific Golden OBL Native glechomifolium Saxifrage Saxifragaceae Elmera racemosa var. Yellow Coralbells Native racemosa Saxifragaceae Heuchera glabra Alpine Heuchera Native Saxifragaceae Heuchera micrantha Crevice Alumroot Native var. diversifolia Saxifragaceae Heuchera micrantha Crevice Alumroot Native var. micrantha Saxifragaceae Leptarrhena pyrolifolia Fireleaf FACW Native Leptarrhena Saxifragaceae Mitella breweri Brewer's Miterwort FAC* Native Saxifragaceae Mitella caulescens Slightstemmed Native Miterwort Saxifragaceae Mitella pentandra Fivestamen FAC* Native Miterwort Saxifragaceae Mitella trifida var. trifida Threeparted Native Miterwort Saxifragaceae Parnassia fimbriata var. Fringed Grass Of Native fimbriata Parnassus Saxifragaceae Saxifraga bronchialis Matted Saxifrage Native ssp. austromontana Saxifragaceae Saxifraga bronchialis Yellowdot Native ssp. vespertina Saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga caespitosa Tufted Alpine Native ssp. caespitosa Saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga ferruginea Russthair Saxifrage Native var. ferruginea Saxifragaceae Saxifraga ferruginea Vreeland's Native var. vreelandii Saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga mertensiana Wood Saxifrage FACW Native Saxifragaceae Saxifraga nelsoniana Heartleaf Saxifrage Native ssp. cascadensis Saxifragaceae Saxifraga nelsoniana Heartleaf Saxifrage Native ssp. nelsoniana Saxifragaceae Saxifraga nivalis Alpine Saxifrage Native Saxifragaceae Saxifraga occidentalis Alberta Saxifrage FAC Native Saxifragaceae Saxifraga odontoloma Brook Saxifrage Native Saxifragaceae Saxifraga oppositifolia Purple Mountain FACU- Native Saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga rivularis Weak Saxifrage FAC+ Native S Saxifragaceae Saxifraga stellaris Starry Saxifrage Native Saxifragaceae Saxifraga tolmiei Tolmie's Saxifrage Native Saxifragaceae Suksdorfia Buttercup FAC Native ranunculifolia Suksdorfia Saxifragaceae Tellima grandiflora Bigflower Tellima Native Saxifragaceae Tiarella trifoliata var. Threeleaf Native trifoliata Foamflower Saxifragaceae Tiarella trifoliata var. Oneleaf Native unifoliata Foamflower Saxifragaceae Tolmiea menziesii Youth On Age FAC* Native Scrophulariaceae Castilleja cryptantha Obscure Indian Native S SC Paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja hispida var. Harsh Indian Native hispida Paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja miniata var. Green Indain Native

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 miniata Paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja parviflora var. Henry Indian Native oreopola Paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja rupicola Cliff Indian Native Paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Collinsia grandiflora Giant Blue Eyed Native Mary Scrophulariaceae Collinsia parviflora Maiden Blue Eyed Native Mary Scrophulariaceae Digitalis purpurea var. Purple Foxglove Non- purpurea Native Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia nemorosa Common Eyebright Non- Native Scrophulariaceae Linaria dalmatica Dalmation Toadflax Non- Native Scrophulariaceae Linaria vulgaris Butter and Eggs Non- Native Scrophulariaceae Mimulus alsinoides Wingstem OBL Native Monkeyflower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus breweri Brewer's Native Monkeyflower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus guttatus Seep Monkeyflower OBL Native Scrophulariaceae Mimulus lewisii Purple FACW+ Native Monkeyflower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus moschatus var. Muskflower Native moschatus Scrophulariaceae Mimulus moschatus var. Muskflower Native sessilifolius Scrophulariaceae Mimulus tilingii var. Subalpine Native caespitosus Monkeyflower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus tilingii var. Tiling's Native tilingii Monkeyflower Scrophulariaceae Nothochelone Woodland Native nemorosa Beardtongue Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis bracteosa Towering Native var. flavida Lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis bracteosa Widepetal Native var. latifolia Lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis contorta var. Coiled Lousewort Native contorta Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis Elephanthead OBL Native groenlandica Lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis Ducksbill Native ornithorhyncha Lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis racemosa Sickletop Native ssp. alba Lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis racemosa Sickletop Native ssp. racemosa Lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis rainierensis Mt. Rainier Native S Lousewort Scrophulariaceae Penstemon barrettiae Barret's Native T SC Beardtongue Scrophulariaceae Penstemon confertus Yellow Penstemon Native Scrophulariaceae Penstemon davidsonii Davidson's Native var. davidsonii Penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon davidsonii Menzies' Native var. menziesii Penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon fruticosus Bush Penstemon Native var. fruticosus

Appendix B. Checklist of forbs of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Scrophulariaceae Penstemon ovatus Eggleaf Native Beardtongue Scrophulariaceae Penstemon procerus Pincushion Native var. procerus Beardtongue Scrophulariaceae Penstemon procerus Tolmie's Native var. tolmiei Penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon rupicola Cliff Beardtongue Native Scrophulariaceae Penstemon serrulatus Serrulate FACU* Native Penstemon Scrophulariaceae Rhinanthus minor ssp. Little Yellow Rattle Native minor Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus Common Mullein Non- Native Scrophulariaceae Veronica americana American OBL Native Speedwell Scrophulariaceae Veronica arvensis Corn Speedwell FACU* Non- Native Scrophulariaceae Veronica chamaedrys Germander Non- Speedwell Native Scrophulariaceae Veronica cusickii Cusick's Speedwell FAC* Native Scrophulariaceae Veronica officinalis var. Common Non- officinalis Gypsyweed Native Scrophulariaceae Veronica peregrina ssp. Hairy Purslane Native xalapensis Speedwell Scrophulariaceae Veronica scutellata Skullcap Speedwell OBL Native Scrophulariaceae Veronica serpyllifolia Brightblue Native ssp. humifusa Speedwell Scrophulariaceae Veronica serpyllifolia Thymeleaf Non- ssp. serpyllifolia Speedwell Native Scrophulariaceae Veronica wormskjoldii American Alpine FAC* Native Speedwell Solanaceae Solanum physalifolium Hoe Nightshade Non- Native Sparganiaceae Sparganium Narrowleaf Bur- OBL Native angustifolium Reed Sparganiaceae Sparganium natans Small Bur-Reed OBL Native Typhaceae Typha latifolia Broadleaf Cattail OBL Native Urticaceae Urtica dioica ssp. California Nettle Native gracilis Valerianaceae Valeriana scouleri Scouler's Valerian FAC Native Valerianaceae Valeriana sitchensis Sitka Valerian FAC Native Violaceae Viola adunca var. Hookedspur Violet Native adunca Violaceae Viola glabella Pioneer Violet FACW+ Native Violaceae Viola howellii Howell's Violet Native Violaceae Viola langsdorfii Aleutian Violet FACW Native Violaceae Viola macloskeyi ssp. Smooth White OBL Native pallens Violet Violaceae Viola orbiculata Darkwoods Violet Native Violaceae Viola palustris var. Marsh Violet Native palustris Violaceae Viola purpurea ssp. Goosefoot Violet Native venosa Violaceae Viola sempervirens Evergreen Violet Native 1 See Appendix F. Guide to abbreviations used to describe wetland indicator status.

Appendix C. Checklist of grasses, sedges, and rushes of Mount Rainier National Park.

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Cyperaceae Carex albonigra Black and white FACU Native Sedge Cyperaceae Carex amplifolia Bigleaf Sedge FACW+ Native Cyperaceae Carex aperta Columbian Sedge FACW Native Cyperaceae Carex aquatilis var. aquatilis Water Sedge Native Cyperaceae Carex arcta Northern Cluster OBL Native Sedge Cyperaceae Carex aurea Golden Sedge FACW+ Native Cyperaceae Carex bolanderi Bolander's Sedge FAC Native Cyperaceae Carex breweri Brewer's Sedge Native Cyperaceae Carex brunnescens ssp. Brownish Sedge Native brunnescens Cyperaceae Carex canescens Silvery Sedge FACW+ Native Cyperaceae Carex cusickii Cusick's Sedge OBL Native Cyperaceae Carex deweyana Dewey Sedge FACU* Native Cyperaceae Carex echinata ssp. Star Sedge OBL Native echinata Cyperaceae Carex engelmannii Engelmann's Sedge Native Cyperaceae Carex epapillosa Different-Nerve Native Sedge Cyperaceae Carex exsiccata Western Inflated OBL Native Sedge Cyperaceae Carex geyeri Geyer's Sedge Native Cyperaceae Carex globosa Roundfruit Sedge Native Cyperaceae Carex halliana Hall's Sedge Native Cyperaceae Carex hendersonii Henderson's Sedge FAC Native Cyperaceae Carex hoodii Hood's Sedge FAC Native Cyperaceae Carex illota Sheep Sedge FAC Native Cyperaceae Carex laeviculmis Smoothstem Sedge FACW Native Cyperaceae Carex lenticularis var. Lakeshore Sedge Native lenticularis Cyperaceae Carex lenticularis var. Kellogg's Sedge FACW+ Native lipocarpa Cyperaceae Carex leporinella Sierra Hare Sedge Native Cyperaceae Carex leptalea Bristlystalked Sedge OBL Native Cyperaceae Carex limosa Mud Sedge OBL Native Cyperaceae Carex luzulina Woodrush Sedge OBL Native Cyperaceae Carex mertensii Merten's Sedge FAC Native Cyperaceae Carex microptera Smallwing Sedge FAC Native Cyperaceae Carex nardina var. hepburnii Hepburn's Sedge Native Cyperaceae Carex neurophora Alpine Nerve Sedge FACW Native Cyperaceae Carex nigricans Black Alpine Sedge FACW Native Cyperaceae Carex nudata Naked Sedge FACW Native Cyperaceae Carex pachystachya Chamisso Sedge FAC Native Cyperaceae Carex paysonis Payson's Sedge FACU Native Cyperaceae Carex pellita Woolly Sedge OBL Native Cyperaceae Carex phaeocephala Dunhead Sedge FACU Native Cyperaceae Carex praegracilis Clustered Field FACW Native Sedge Cyperaceae Carex praticola Meadow Sedge FACW Native Cyperaceae Carex preslii Presl's Sedge FACU Native Cyperaceae Carex proposita Great Smoky Native T Mountain Sedge

Appendix C. Checklist of grasses, sedges and rushes of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Cyperaceae Carex pyrenaica Pyrenean Sedge FAC Native Cyperaceae Carex raynoldsii Raynold's Sedge FACU Native Cyperaceae Carex rossii Ross' Sedge Native Cyperaceae Carex scirpoidea ssp. Northern Singlespike FAC* Native stenochlaena Sedge Cyperaceae Carex scirpoidea ssp. Alaska single spike FAC* Native stenochlaena sedge Cyperaceae Carex scopulorum var. Mountain Sedge FACW Native bracteosa Cyperaceae Carex spectabilis Showy Sedge FACW* Native Cyperaceae Carex stipata Awlfruit Sedge OBL Native Cyperaceae Carex utriculata Northwest Territory OBL Native Sedge Cyperaceae Eleocharis obtusa Blunt Spikerush OBL Native Cyperaceae Eleocharis ovata Ovate Spikerush OBL Native Cyperaceae Eleocharis quinqueflora Fewflower Spikerush OBL Native Cyperaceae Eriophorum angustifolium Tall Cottongrass Native ssp. angustifolium Cyperaceae Eriophorum angustifolium Tall Cottongrass Native ssp. scabriusculum Cyperaceae Eriophorum chamissonis Chamisso's OBL Native Cottongrass Cyperaceae Eriophorum gracile Slender Cottongrass OBL Native Cyperaceae Scirpus microcarpus Panicled Bulrush OBL Native Cyperaceae Trichophorum caespitosum Tufted Bulrush Native Isoetaceae Isoetes tenella Spiny-Spore Native Quillwort Juncaceae Juncus balticus Baltic Rush FACW+ Native Juncaceae Juncus bufonius Toad Rush FACW Native Juncaceae Juncus covillei var. Coville's Rush Native obtusatus Juncaceae Juncus drummondii var. Drummond's Rush Native drummondii Juncaceae Juncus drummondii var. Threeflower Rush Native subtriflorus Juncaceae Juncus effusus var. gracilis Lamp Rush Native Juncaceae Juncus filiformis Thread Rush FACW+ Native Juncaceae Juncus mertensianus Merten's Rush OBL Native Juncaceae Juncus parryi Parry's Rush FAC+ Native Juncaceae Juncus regelii Regel's Rush FACW Native Juncaceae Juncus tenuis Poverty Rush FACW- Native Juncaceae Juncus xiphioides Irisleaf Rush Native Juncaceae Luzula arcuata ssp. Alaska Curved Rush Native S unalaschkensis Juncaceae Luzula comosa Pacific Woodrush FAC* Native Juncaceae Luzula divaricata Forked Woodrush Native Juncaceae Luzula glabrata var. Hitchcock's Smooth Native hitchcockii Woodrush Juncaceae Luzula multiflora ssp. Common Woodrush Native multiflora Juncaceae Luzula parviflora Smallflowered FAC- Native Woodrush Juncaceae Luzula piperi Piper's Woodrush Native Juncaceae Luzula spicata Spiked Woodrush FACU Native Poaceae Achnatherum occidentale Western Native ssp. occidentale Needlegrass Poaceae Agrostis aequivalvis Arctic Bentgrass OBL Native Poaceae Agrostis capillaris Colonial Bentgrass FAC Non-

Appendix C. Checklist of grasses, sedges and rushes of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Native Poaceae Agrostis exarata Spike Bentgrass FACW Native Poaceae Agrostis gigantea Redtop NI Non- Native Poaceae Agrostis humilis Alpine Bentgrass FACW Native Poaceae Agrostis idahoensis Idaho Bentgrass FACW- Native Poaceae Agrostis oregonensis Oregon Bentgrass FAC Native Poaceae Agrostis pallens Seashore Bentgrass Native Poaceae Agrostis scabra Rough Bentgrass FAC Native Poaceae Agrostis variabilis Mountain Bentgrass NI Native Poaceae Aira caryophyllea Silver Hairgrass Non- Native Poaceae Aira praecox Yellow Hairgrass Non- Native Poaceae Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernalgrass FACU Non- Native Poaceae Avena fatua Wild Oat Non- Native Poaceae Bromus carinatus California Brome Native Poaceae Bromus commutatus Bald Brome Non- Native Poaceae Bromus hordeaceus ssp. Soft Brome UPL Non- hordeaceus Native Poaceae Bromus orcuttianus Orcutt's Brome Native Poaceae Bromus sitchensis var. Sitka Brome Native sitchensis Poaceae Bromus tectorum Cheatgrass Non- Native Poaceae Bromus vulgaris Columbia Brome UPL Native Poaceae Calamagrostis canadensis Bluejoint FACW Native var. canadensis Poaceae Calamagrostis canadensis Bluejoint Native var. langsdorfii Poaceae Calamagrostis purpurascens Purple Reedgrass Native Poaceae Calamagrostis sesquiflora One And A Half Native Flowered Reedgrass Poaceae Cinna latifolia Drooping Woodreed FACW Native Poaceae Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dogstail UPL Non- Grass Native Poaceae Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass FACU Non- Native Poaceae Danthonia intermedia Timber Oatgrass FACU+ Native Poaceae Deschampsia caespitosa Tufted Hairgrass FACW Native Poaceae Deschampsia danthonioides Annual Hairgrass FACW- Native Poaceae Deschampsia elongata Slender Hairgrass FACW- Native Poaceae Elymus alaskanus ssp. Alaskan Wheatgrass Native latiglumis Poaceae Elymus canadensis Canada Wildrye FAC Native Poaceae Elymus elymoides ssp. Squirreltail FACU- Native elymoides Poaceae Elymus glaucus ssp. Blue Wildrye Native glaucus Poaceae Elymus glaucus ssp. Blue Wildrye Native virescens Poaceae Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Slender Wheatgrass FAC Native trachycaulus Poaceae Elymus X hansenii Hansen's Squirreltail Native Poaceae Elytrigia repens var. repens Quackgrass FAC- Non-

Appendix C. Checklist of grasses, sedges and rushes of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Native Poaceae Festuca brachyphylla ssp. Alpine Fescue FACU* Native brachyphylla Poaceae Festuca heteromalla Varioushair Fescue Non- Native Poaceae Festuca occidentalis Western Fescue Native Poaceae Festuca ovina Sheep Fescue Native Poaceae Festuca roemerii Roemer's fescue Native Poaceae Festuca rubra ssp. rubra Red Fescue Native Poaceae Festuca subulata Bearded Fescue FACU+ Native Poaceae Festuca viridula Greenleaf Fescue Native Poaceae Glyceria borealis Small Floating OBL Native Mannagrass Poaceae Glyceria grandis var. grandis American Native Mannagrass Poaceae Glyceria leptostachya Davy Mannagrass OBL Native Poaceae Glyceria striata Fowl Mannagrass OBL Native Poaceae Holcus lanatus Common FAC Non- Velvetgrass Native Poaceae Hordeum brachyantherum Meadow Barley Native ssp. brachyantherum Poaceae Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barley FAC Native Poaceae Hordeum vulgare Common Barley Non- Native Poaceae Lolium perenne ssp. Italian Ryegrass Non- multiflorum Native Poaceae Lolium perenne ssp. Perennial Ryegrass Non- perenne Native Poaceae Lolium pratense Meadow Fescue Non- Native Poaceae Melica subulata var. Alaska Oniongrass Native subulata Poaceae Muhlenbergia filiformis Pullup Muhly FACW- Native Poaceae Pascopyrum smithii Western FACU Native Wheatgrass Poaceae Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canarygrass FACW Non- Native Poaceae Phleum alpinum Alpine Timothy FACW Native Poaceae Phleum pratense Timothy FAC- Non- Native Poaceae Pleuropogon refractus Nodding OBL Native Semaphoregrass Poaceae Poa annua Annual Bluegrass FAC Non- Native Poaceae Poa arctica ssp. grayana Arctic Bluegrass Native Poaceae Poa bulbosa Bulbous Bluegrass Non- Native Poaceae Poa compressa Canada Bluegrass FACU+ Non- Native Poaceae Poa cusickii ssp. epilis Cusick's Bluegrass Native Poaceae Poa cusickii ssp. Cusick's Bluegrass Native purpurascens Poaceae Poa fendleriana ssp. Muttongrass Native fendleriana Poaceae Poa laxa Mt. Washington Native Bluegrass Poaceae Poa leptocoma Marsh Bluegrass FACW+ Native Poaceae Poa lettermanii Letterman's Native

Appendix C. Checklist of grasses, sedges and rushes of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Bluegrass Poaceae Poa nervosa Wheeler Bluegrass FACU- Native S Poaceae Poa palustris Fowl Bluegrass FAC Non- Native Poaceae Poa paucispicula Alaska Bluegrass Native Poaceae Poa pratensis Kentucky Bluegrass FAC Non- Native Poaceae Poa pringlei Pringle's Bluegrass Native Poaceae Poa secunda Sandberg Bluegrass Native Poaceae Poa stenantha Northern Bluegrass FACU Native Poaceae Poa suksdorfii Western Bluegrass Native Poaceae Poa trivialis Rough Bluegrass FACW Non- Native Poaceae Poa wheeleri Wheeler's Bluegrass Native Poaceae Polypogon monspeliensis Annual Rabbitsfoot FACW Non- Grass Native Poaceae Puccinellia distans Weeping Alkaligrass FACW+ Native Poaceae Setaria viridis Green Bristlegrass Non- Native Poaceae Torreyochloa pallida var. Pale False OBL Native pauciflora Mannagrass Poaceae Trisetum canescens Tall Trisetum FACU Native Poaceae Trisetum cernuum var. Nodding Oatgrass Native cernuum Poaceae Trisetum spicatum Spike Trisetum UPL Native Poaceae Vahlodea atropurpurea Mountain Hairgrass FACW Native Poaceae Vulpia microstachys var. Desert Fescue Native microstachys 1 See Appendix F. Guide to abbreviations used to describe wetland indicator status.

Appendix D. Checklist of shrubs and vines of Mount Rainier National Park.

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Araliaceae Oplopanax horridus Devils Club FAC+ Native Berberidaceae Mahonia aquifolium Hollyleaved Native Barberry Berberidaceae Mahonia nervosa Cascade Barberry Native Caprifoliaceae Lonicera ciliosa Orange Native Honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lonicera conjugialis Purpleflower FAC Native Honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lonicera involucrata Twinberry FAC+* Native Honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Sambucus cerulea var. Blue Elderberry Native cerulea Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos albus Common FACU Native Snowberry Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos hesperius Trailing Native Snowberry Caprifoliaceae Viburnum edule Squashberry FACW Native Celastraceae Paxistima myrsinites Oregon Boxleaf Native Cornaceae Cornus sericea ssp. sericea Redosier Native Dogwood Empetraceae Empetrum nigrum Black Crowberry FAC Native Ericaceae Arctostaphylos nevadensis Pinemat Native Manzanita Ericaceae Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Kinnikinnick FACU- Native Ericaceae Arctostaphylos columbiana Hairy Manzanita Native Ericaceae Cassiope mertensiana Western Moss FACU+ Native Heather Ericaceae Gaultheria humifusa Alpiine FAC+ Native Spicywintergreen Ericaceae Gaultheria ovatifolia Western Teaberry FAC Native Ericaceae Gaultheria shallon Salal FACU* Native Ericaceae Harrimanella stelleriana Alaska FACU Native Bellheather Ericaceae Kalmia microphylla Alpine Laurel FACW+ Native Ericaceae Kalmia polifolia Bog Laurel Native Ericaceae Ledum groenlandicum Bog Labrador Tea OBL Native Ericaceae Menziesia ferruginea Rusty Menziesia FACU+ Native Ericaceae Phyllodoce empetriformis Pink FACU* Native Mountainheath Ericaceae Phyllodoce glanduliflora Yellow FACU* Native Mountainheath Ericaceae Rhododendron albiflorum Cascade Azalea FACU Native Ericaceae Vaccinium alaskaense Alaska Blueberry NI Native Ericaceae Vaccinium caespitosum var. Dwarf Bilberry Native paludicola Ericaceae Vaccinium deliciosum Cascade Bilberry Native Ericaceae Vaccinium membranaceum Thinleaf FACU+ Native Huckleberry Ericaceae Vaccinium myrtilloides Velvetleaf FACU Native S Huckleberry Ericaceae Vaccinium myrtillus Whortleberry NI Native Ericaceae Vaccinium ovalifolium Oval-Leaf UPL Native Blueberry

Appendix D. Checklist of shrubs and vines of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Ericaceae Vaccinium ovatum California Native Huckleberry Ericaceae Vaccinium parvifolium Red Huckleberry Native Ericaceae Vaccinium scoparium Grouse FACU- Native Whortleberry Fabaceae Cytisus scoparius Scotch Broom Non- Native Grossulariaceae Ribes acerifolium Mapleleaf Currant NI Native Grossulariaceae Ribes bracteosum Stink Currant FAC Native Grossulariaceae Ribes divaricatum Spreading FAC* Native Gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes lacustre Prickly Currant FAC+ Native Grossulariaceae Ribes laxiflorum Trailing Black Native Currant Grossulariaceae Ribes lobbii Gummy Native Gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes sanguineum Redflower Currant Native Grossulariaceae Ribes triste Red Currant FAC Native Grossulariaceae Ribes viscosissimum Sticky Currant FAC Native Grossulariaceae Ribes watsonianum Spring Native Gooseberry Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus confusus Piper's Mock Native Orange Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus lewisii Lewis' Mock Native Orange Hydrangeaceae Whipplea modesta Common Whiplea Native R1 Polemoniaceae Phlox caespitosa Tufted Phlox Native Polemoniaceae Phlox diffusa ssp. longistylis Spreading Phlox Native Rhamnaceae Ceanothus sanguineus Redstem UPL Native Ceanothus Rhamnaceae Ceanothus velutinus var. Hooker's Native hookeri Ceanothus Rosaceae Dryas octopetala Eightpetal FACU Native Mountain-Avens Rosaceae Holodiscus discolor Oceanspray Native Rosaceae Oemleria cerasiformis Indian Plum FACU Native Rosaceae Physocarpus capitatus Pacific Ninebark FACW- Native Rosaceae Rosa gymnocarpa var. Wood Rose Native gymnocarpa Rosaceae Rosa nutkana var. hispida Bristly Nootka Native Rose Rosaceae Rosa pisocarpa Cluster Rose FAC Native Rosaceae Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus Grayleaf Red FAC- Native Raspberry Rosaceae Rubus laciniatus Cutleaf Blackberry FACU+ Non- Native Rosaceae Rubus lasiococcus Roughfruit Berry Native Rosaceae Rubus leucodermis var. Whitebark Native leucodermis Raspberry Rosaceae Rubus nivalis Snow Raspberry Native Rosaceae Rubus parviflorus var. Thimbleberry Native parviflorus Rosaceae Rubus pedatus Strawberryleaf FAC- Native Raspberry Rosaceae Rubus spectabilis var. Salmonberry Native spectabilis Rosaceae Rubus ursinus ssp. California Native macropetalus Blackberry Rosaceae Spiraea betulifolia var. lucida Shinyleaf Spirea Native

Appendix D. Checklist of shrubs and vines of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status Status Status (R9)1 Rosaceae Spiraea densiflora var. Native densiflora Rosaceae Spiraea douglasii var. Rose Spirea Native douglasii Rosaceae Spiraea douglasii var. Menzies' Spirea Native menziesii Rosaceae Spiraea splendens var. Rose Native splendens Meadowsweet Rosaceae Spiraea x hitchcockii Spirea hybrid Native Salicaceae Salix boothii Booth's Willow OBL Native Salicaceae Salix cascadensis Cascade Willow Native Salicaceae Salix commutata Undergreen OBL Native Willow Salicaceae Salix nivalis Snow Willow Native Solanaceae Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade FACU Non- Native Viscaceae Arceuthobium abietinum Fir Dwarf Native Mistletoe Viscaceae Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas-Fir Dwarf Native Mistletoe Viscaceae Arceuthobium tsugense ssp. Hemlock Dwarf Native tsugense Mistletoe 1 See Appendix F. Guide to abbreviations used to describe wetland indicator status.

Appendix E. Checklist of Trees of Mount Rainier National Park

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status (R9)1 Status Status Aceraceae Acer circinatum Vine Maple FAC- Native Aceraceae Acer glabrum var. Douglas Maple Native douglasii Aceraceae Acer macrophyllum Bigleaf Maple FACU Native Betulaceae Alnus rubra Red Alder FAC Native Betulaceae Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata Sitka Alder FACW Native Betulaceae Corylus cornuta var. California Native californica Hazelnut Caprifoliaceae Sambucus racemosa Red Elderberry Native var. racemosa Cornaceae Cornus nuttallii Pacific Dogwood Native

Cupressaceae Chamaecyparis Alaska Cedar Native nootkatensis Cupressaceae Juniperus communis var. Common Juniper Native montana Cupressaceae Thuja plicata Western Red FAC Native Cedar Pinaceae Abies amabilis Pacific Silver Fir FACU Native Pinaceae Abies grandis Grand Fir FACU-* Native Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Subalpine Fir FACU Native Pinaceae Abies procera Noble Fir Native Pinaceae Picea engelmannii Engelmann FAC Native Spruce Pinaceae Picea sitchensis Sitka Spruce FAC Native Pinaceae Pinus albicaulis Whitebark Pine Native Pinaceae Pinus contorta var. Lodgepole Pine Native latifolia Pinaceae Pinus monticola Western White FACU Native Pine Pinaceae Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa Pine FACU- Native Pinaceae Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir FACU* Native Pinaceae Tsuga heterophylla Western Hemlock FACU- Native Pinaceae Tsuga mertensiana Mountain Hemlock FACU Native Rhamnaceae Frangula purshiana Cascara FAC- Native Buckthorn Rosaceae Amelanchier alnifolia var. Saskatoon Native semiintegrifolia Serviceberry Rosaceae Malus fusca Oregon Crabapple FACW Native Rosaceae Prunus emarginata var. Bitter Cherry Native mollis Rosaceae Prunus virginiana var. Black Native melanocarpa Chokecherry Rosaceae Sorbus scopulina var. Cascade Native cascadensis Mountain Ash Rosaceae Sorbus sitchensis var. Western Mountain Native grayi Ash Rosaceae Sorbus sitchensis var. Sitka Mountain Native sitchensis Ash Salicaceae Populus balsamifera ssp. Black Cottonwood Native trichocarpa Salicaceae Salix barclayi Barclay's Willow FACW Native Salicaceae Salix geyeriana Greyer Willow Native Salicaceae Salix hookeriana Dune Willow FACW- Native

Appendix D. Checklist of trees of Mount Rainier National Park (continued).

Family Scientific Name Common Name Wetland Origin State Federal Status (R9)1 Status Status Salicaceae Salix lasiolepis Arroyo Willow FACW Native Salicaceae Salix lucida ssp. Pacific Willow FACW+ Native lasiandra Salicaceae Salix planifolia ssp. Diamondleaf Native planifolia Willow Salicaceae Salix prolixa MacKenzie's Native Willow Salicaceae Salix scouleriana Scouler's Willow FAC Native Salicaceae Salix sitchensis Sitka Willow FACW Native Taxaceae Taxus brevifolia Pacific Yew NI Native 1 See Appendix F. Guide to abbreviations used to describe wetland indicator status.

Appendix F. Guide to abbreviations used to describe wetland indicator status1

Indicator Wetland Comment Code Type

OBL Obligate Occurs almost always (estimated probability 99%) under natural conditions in wetlands. Wetland

FACW Facultative Usually occurs in wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in Wetland non-wetlands.

FAC Facultative Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%).

FACU Facultative Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found Upland on wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%).

UPL Obligate Occurs in wetlands in another region, but occurs almost always (estimated probability Upland 99%) under natural conditions in non-wetlands in the regions specified. If a species does not occur in wetlands in any region, it is not on the National List.

NI No indicator Insufficient information was available to determine an indicator status.

NL Not Listed Species that were not included within the USFWS list and were not known to be UPL species

1 The Wetland Indicator Status for each species is data gathered from USFWS lists of vascular plant species that occur in wetlands. The indicator codes are explained above. The MORA list also includes a denotation of NL, Not Listed; this code was used for wetland species that were not included in the USFWS list and were not known to be obligate upland plants (UPL).

Appendix G. Plant species or herbarium specimens in need of further documentation

Species Annotation Needs Notes Voucher Penstemon X herbarium specimen from HW Bailey, 7/25/1911, Goat barretiae Rock; species is threatened in park, habitat seems unlikely in park Mimulus tilingii var. X X Biek mentions collections made by J.R. Slater for 2 tilingii locations : Lee Creek near Mowich and Cayuse Pass, it would be nice to document where these are and find new specimens. Collinsia grandiflora X X Goat Island Mountain collection by O.D. Allen June 30, 1896, alpine – it would be nice to check specimen and then conduct other field surveys. Mimulus alsinoides X no herbarium specimen, just Biek’s notes of locations: 3500’ on Rampart Ridge Trail, 1.5 miles up Westside road, mossy rocks where the road crosses Cowlitz Divide, main road south of Tumtum Penstemon X on the list but no herbarium specimens or literature procerus var. other than Dunwiddie procerus Selaginella densa X needs specimen, one listed in Biek from Irene Creso var. scopulorum on rocks at Klapatchee & Gobbler’s Knob

Selaginella X not in Biek, specimen at UPS only has ¼ mile north of rupestris Carbon glacier for location, no author, and no date, removed from list. Selaginella wallacei X needs specimen, Biek mentions specimens at Longmire, but there’s one from 1936 & Jones at Tipsoo Lake

Solanum nigrum X need to check FA Warren specimen at WTU to determine if it is nigrum or americanum Solanum X X Not included on plant list; Biek states it is an infrequent americanum weed and he feels that the specimen collected by F.A. Warren may be misidentified as S. nigrum but he did not key it out. Solanum X originally on Jones 1938 plant list – need to check, sarrachoides entered as S. physalifolium

Sparganium X listed in Biek but no evidence other than so taken off erectum the plant list, states uncommon at low and middle elevations; probably S. eurycarpum

Sparganium X not put on the list, listed in Brockman 1947 but no simplex locations, may be S. emersum Saxifraga X new name of Saxifraga punctata var. cascadensis, nelsoniana ssp. observations by Biek no specimens cascadensis S. nelsoniana ssp X X S. nelsoniana ssp nelsoniana nelsoniana S. nelsoniana ssp X Most species not represented in the herbarium nelsoniana S. lasiolepis X 3 specimens by Brockman in herbarium, Biek did not examine them but assumed he confused it with S. lucida ssp. lasiandra Populus X Biek states that Jones listed it but no other evidence, tremuloides deleted from potential list

Appendix G. Plant species or herbarium specimens in need of further documentation (continued).

Species Annotation Needs Notes Voucher Galium X O.D. Allen specimen from Goat Island Mtn should be kamtschaticum checked; Biek calls this G. oreganum, but does not mention of checking specimen; left on list a G. kamtschaticum Pyrus sambucifolia X specimens collected by O.D. Allen in 1896 on Goat Island Mtn and Bear Prairie Trail should be checked to determine if really Sorbus sitchensis var. sitchensis

Potentilla dissecta X Need to check the specimen by OD Allen to see if it is P. drummondii ssp drummondii

Fragaria chiloensis X specimen probably misidentified and needs to be checked to see it is F. crinita

Ranunculus X left on list as unconfirmed because Biek states it is R. occidentalis uncinatus, but no one has annotated the 1894 herbarium specimen collected by O.D. Allen R. aquatilis, R. X left on without varieties because there are no alismifolius herbarium records to determine the variety Delphinium bicolor X 3 specimens need to be annotated, unlikely that species is in park Anemone multifida X collected by O.D. Allen on Goat Island Mtn, should be checked to see if it is var. saxicola or A. hudsoniana (Brockman) Anemone lyalii X Biek lists as being in Ohana, needs to be checked. Deleted since it is a coastal plant

Dodecatheon X Collected by O.D. Allen needs to be reviewed probably meadia misidentified since species is from Midwest US Polypodium vulgare X O.D.Allen specimen needs to be checked to determine if it is P. hesperium or P. glycyrrhiza

Gilia heterophylla X Specimen collected by O .D. Allen in MORA herbarium; no ITIS name for this. Biek says it is Collomia heterophylla but he did not annotate the specimen and did not record how he made his determination. Poa laxa X specimen by O.D. Allen, species only listed as occurring in OR, not WA state Melica bromoides X O.D. Allen specimen needs to be checked. No name in var. howellii IT IS and very old name, no easily found synonym Glyceria fluitans X Biek states this OD Allen specimen is G. leptostachya Festuca jonesii X O.D. Allen 1893 specimen, Biek states it is probably F. subulata F. howellii X 1895 O.D. Allen specimen, Biek states it is probably F. viridula Delphiniums X –need collections. D. glareosum ssp glareosum – Biked says it is widespread in the park, but there are no specimens Montia parviflora X O.D. Allen specimen should be checked to determine if its is a Montia or Claytonia parviflora ssp parviflora

Bromus orcuttianus X O.D. Allen specimen should be checked , Biek says it is probably B. sitchensis var sitchensis Agrostis varians X specimen of OD Allen should be annotated to see if it is A.rossiae Pinus contorta var. X specimens of OD Allen should be checked to see if contorta they are really latifolia (or now murryana)

Appendix G. Plant species or herbarium specimens in need of further documentation (continued).

Species Annotation Needs Notes Voucher Habenaria gracilis X O.D. Allen specimen should be checked to determine if it is Platanthera stricta as Biek states Cephalanthera X specimen by O.D. Allen needs annotation oregana

Botrychium X O.D. Allen specimen should be annotated – probably is ternatum B. multifidum Epilobium x X hybrid mentioned by Brockman and Biek, needs to be pulchrum confirmed, no specimens

Epilobium X 1895 O. D. Allen specimen needs to be annotated glaberrimum var. since var. is not and accepted name; Biek suggests it latifolium is probably it is ssp fastigiatum Epilobium X Needs verification, observed by J. B. Flett around densiflorum 1901 (cited in Biek) Luzula spadicea X O.D. Allen specimen should be annotated to see if it is L. piperi as Biek surmises Luzula major X Check 1938 specimen by Smith to determine if it is L. piperi Juncus xiphioides X Biek states it is common but no herbarium specimens Lupinus rivularis, L. X Need to check O.D. Allen specimens lyallii, L. sericeus Vaccinium X O.D. Allen specimen, Biek states is really V. myrtilloides membranaceum Carex sterilis X eastern US species; the 1895 O.D. Allen voucher actually has var excelsior and Looking in IPNI a synonym is Carex echinata which is in WA,Bieks list as spp echinata. The Carex working group lists two ssp and although ssp phyllomanica has not been reported away from the coast, we should annotate it to ssp Carex rostrata X Listed by Brockman, but probably misapplied to C. utriculata, need specimen C. scirpoidea var. Need to go with Carex working group name not ITIS stenochlaena since it does not recognize spp. C. rigida ssp X 1897 O.D. Allen specimen, Biek states is misapplied to inferalpina C. scopulorum var bracteosa, so this specimen is used as evidence for the latter but specimen needs to be annotated C. muricata X 1935 Thompson specimen from Ohana , but the species is an eastern introduced sedge, Biek says it was misapplied to and should be C. echinata ssp echinata Carex halliana X F.A. Warren specimen in UW herbarium, perhaps should be checked C. globosa X 1895 O.D. Allen specimen should be annotated since species is not known from WA C. aurea X C. atratiformis X C. aperta X although Biek says probably not in park based on his examination of an Irene Creso specimen, he appears not to have been aware of the 2 specimens at UBC that were originally under the name of C. accedens so it should stay on the list Hypericum mutilim X O.D. Allen specimen Lonicera conjugialis X 1935 H.E. Bailey specimen and this species is not listed as occurring in WA Campanula uniflora X old specimen in UBC, this species does not occur in WA, probably needs annotating Physaria alpestris X Biek lists as above 7,000’, no specific observation

Appendix G. Plant species or herbarium specimens in need of further documentation (continued).

Species Annotation Needs Notes Voucher Draba glacialis X Old name on 1937 J. Hoverson specimen, needs annotation Draba douglasii X 1937 specimen needs annotation to determine if it is Cusickiella dougalsii Cryptantha X 1933 specimen by F.A. Warren, Biek states is clearly ambigua incorrect, needs annotation Troximon X Specimens of 4 species collected by O.D. Allen need to be annotated since they are probably all Agoseris species or Microseris Aster foliaceus v. X 1897 O.D. Allen specimen gray

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