BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION FOR PACIFIC SOUTHWEST REGION (R5) SENSITIVE BOTANICAL SPECIES FOR

JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT

MODOC NATIONAL FOREST WARNER MOUNTAIN RANGER DISTRICT

September 14, 2017

Prepared by: Heidi Guenther 9.14.2017 Heidi Guenther, Forest Botanist Date Modoc National Forest

BOTANY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Executive Summary ...... 1 2 Introduction ...... 2 3 Proposed Project and Description ...... 2 3.1 Purpose and Need ...... 2 3.2 Proposed Action...... 2 3.3 Environmental Setting ...... 2 4 Species Considered and Species Evaluated ...... 4 5 Analysis Process and Affected Environment ...... 4 5.1 Analysis Process...... 4 6 Consultation...... 7 7 Surveys ...... 8 8 Species Information for Sensitive ...... 8 9 Effects Analysis and Determinations for Sensitive Plants...... 18 9.1 Direct and Indirect Effects of the Proposed Action ...... 18 9.2 Cumulative Effects of the Proposed Action ...... 19 9.3 Determinations of the Proposed Action ...... 21 10 References ...... 24

TABLES

Table 1: Summary Determinations for Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Sensitive Species with Potential Habitat in the Treatment Area ...... 1 Table 2: Vegetation Communities in the Proposed Treatment Area ...... 3 Table 3: Summary of the Pre-Field Analysis for the MDF R5 Sensitive Plant Species ...... 4 Table 4: Past Actions Producing Ground Disturbance within the Treatment Area over the Last 30 Years ...... 19

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Figure Appendix B: Federally- and Regionally-Listed Plant Species Description Table for the MDF Appendix C: United States Fish and Wildlife Service Data Response Appendix D: Floral Compendium

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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Pre-field analysis indicated no potential habitat within the treatment area for the following Forest Service (FS) Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Sensitive plant species: Ash Valley milkvetch ( anxius); Lemmon’s milkvetch (Astragalus lemmonii); long-haired star-tulip ( longebarbatus var. longebarbatus); talus (); Modoc bedstraw ( glabrescens ssp. modocense); Ash Creek (Ivesia paniculata); adobe (Lomatium roseanum); playa (Phacelia inundata); Black Rock potentilla (); Columbia yellow cress ( columbiae); and Howell’s (Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii). Therefore, the project would have no impact on these 11 plant species.

Potential habitat within the treatment area for the following FS R5 Sensitive plant species was surveyed, and no occurrences were observed: Modoc Plateau milkvetch (Astragalus pulsiferae var. coronensis); upswept moonwort (Botrychium ascendens); scalloped moonwort (Botrychium crenulatum); common moonwort (Botrychium lunaria); Mingan moonwort (Botrychium minganense); western goblin (Botrychium montanum); northwestern moonwort (Botrychium pinnatum); Bolander’s moss (Bruchia bolanderi); Buxbaumia moss (Buxbaumia viridis); mountain lady’s-slipper (Cypripedium montanum); prostrate buckwheat ( prociduum); Warner Mountains buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum var. glaberrimum); Warner Mountains bedstraw (Galium serpenticum ssp. warnerense); Blandow’s bog moss (Helodium blandowii); bearded lupine (Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus); broad-nerved hump-moss (Meesia uliginosa); ephemeral monkeyflower (Mimulus evanescens); and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). The determinations for these 18 Sensitive plant species as related to the Proposed Action are listed in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary Determinations for Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Sensitive Plant Species with Potential Habitat in the Treatment Area

Species Present in Proposed Scientific Name Common Name Treatment Area Action Astragalus pulsiferae var. coronensis Modoc Plateau milkvetch No NI Botrychium ascendens Upswept moonwort No MINT Botrychium crenulatum Scalloped moonwort No MINT Botrychium lunaria Common moonwort No MINT Botrychium minganense Mingan moonwort No MINT Botrychium montanum Western goblin No MINT Botrychium pinnatum Northwestern moonwort No MINT Bruchia bolanderi Bolander’s moss No MINT Buxbaumia viridis Buxbaumia moss No MINT Cypripedium montanum Mountain lady’s-slipper No NI Eriogonum prociduum Prostrate buckwheat No NI Eriogonum umbellatum var. glaberrimum Warner Mountains buckwheat No NI Galium serpenticum ssp. warnerense Warner Mountains bedstraw No NI Helodium blandowii Blandow’s bog moss No MINT Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus Bearded lupine No NI Meesia uliginosa Broad-nerved hump-moss No MINT Mimulus evanescens Ephemeral monkeyflower No NI Pinus albicaulis Whitebark pine No NI MINT: May impact individuals but is not likely to cause a trend toward federal listing or loss of viability (May Impact, Not likely to Trend). NI: No Impact

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2 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this Biological Evaluation (BE) is to identify the likely effects of the Proposed Action to Forest Service (FS) Sensitive species. This BE conforms to the legal requirements set forth under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) (19 U.S.C. 1536 (c), 50 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 402.12 (f), and 402.14 (c)) (USFWS and NOAA 2008), and Forest Service Manual direction (FSM 2672.42) (USFS 2005).

Current management direction on desired future conditions for Sensitive species on the Modoc National Forest (MDF) can be found in the following documents:

• Forest Service Manual and Handbooks (FSM/H 2670) (USFS 2005) • National Forest Management Act (NFMA) (USFS 1976) • Endangered Species Act (ESA) (USFWS 1973) • National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (CEQ 1969) • MDF Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) (USFS 1991) • Forest Service (FS) Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Regional Forester’s 2013 Sensitive Species List (USFS 2013)

3 PROPOSED PROJECT AND DESCRIPTION

This section summarizes the proposed project. For further details about the project, please consult the Decision Memorandum (USFS 2017a).

3.1 Purpose and Need

The purpose of the Proposed Action is to restore forest health, vigor, and resiliency within forest stands. In concordance with this purpose, there is a need for fuel load reduction in order to reduce the risk of stand-level mortality from insect infestation, disease, and/or wildfire.

3.2 Proposed Action

The Proposed Action involves the implementation of forest health improvement and fuels reduction activities on approximately 2,870 acres within the Joseph Creek Forest Health Project analysis area through the use of standard forest harvesting operations and prescribed burning treatments. The project is located approximately 11.5 miles northeast of the town of Alturas, in Modoc County, California and occurs along the Warner Mountains on lands administered by the MDF Warner Mountain Ranger District (RD). The proposed treatments will occur in portions of Township 43 North, Range 14 East (T43N, R14E); T43N, R15E; T44N, R15E; and T45N, R14E, Mount Diablo Base and Meridian (treatment area). Figure 1 in Appendix A delineates the locations of the analysis area and treatment area for the project.

3.3 Environmental Setting

The proposed treatment area occurs along the foothills and mountains of the western slope of the Warner Mountains at elevations between 5,264 to 7,686 feet. The vegetation communities, along with their associated acreages, within the treatment area are listed in Table 2 below. Descriptions of the four largest vegetation communities, according to the USFS R5 Classification and Assessment with Landsat of

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Visible Ecological Groupings (CALVEG) classification system (USFS 2014), are provided in the paragraphs below.

Table 2: Vegetation Communities in the Proposed Treatment Area

CALVEG Vegetation Community/Alliance Area (Acres) Name Code Eastside Pine EP 1,024.2 Mixed - Fir MF 808.6 Ponderosa Pine - White Fir PW 418.9 White Fir WF 413.0 Ponderosa Pine PP 70.3 Mountain Sagebrush TV 57.7 Mixed Conifer - Pine MP 40.1 Yellow Pine - Western Juniper JJ 8.5 Western Juniper WJ 7.2 Perennial Grasses and Forbs HM 7.1 Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany BM 2.9 Big Basin Sagebrush TT 2.3 Quaking Aspen QQ 1.8 Barren BA 1.6 Upper Montane Mixed Chaparral CX 1.3 Mixed Scrub BQ 0.3

The Eastside Pine vegetation community covers the largest area within the treatment area at approximately 1,024 acres. According to the USFS R5 CALVEG classification system, the Eastside Pine community is dominated by Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) or occasionally by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Other trees commonly associated with this community include quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) (USFS 2014).

The Mixed Conifer-Fir alliance covers approximately 809 acres within the treatment area and is typically dominated by at least three of the following coniferous species: white fir (Abies concolor); red fir (); lodgepole pine ( ssp. murrayana); and Jeffrey pine. The understory of this forest community often includes bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), and curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius) (USFS 2014).

The Ponderosa Pine - White Fir vegetation community occurs on approximately 419 acres within the treatment area with ponderosa pine and white fir as the co-dominant species (USFS 2014).

The White Fir alliance comprises approximately 413 acres within the treatment area and is composed of pure stands of white fir (USFS 2014).

Hydrologic features within the treatment area include various perennial and intermittent streams, springs/seeps, and marshes. Perennial streams that run through the treatment area include Couch Creek, Franklin Creek, Joseph Creek, and Linnville Creek (USFS 2016a).

According to the MDF Fire History Database, no wildfires have occurred within the treatment area between 1900 and 2010 (USFS 2010).

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4 SPECIES CONSIDERED AND SPECIES EVALUATED

Appendix B contains the federally- and regionally-listed plant species for the MDF along with descriptions of each species that includes their United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant List of Accepted Nomenclature, , and Symbols (PLANTS) code (USDA 2016); various rank statuses; phenological periods; and habitat. Geographically, each of the Sensitive plant species has potential to occur within the MDF, as their known geographic ranges are either within or near the MDF. These 29 Sensitive species will be analyzed at a smaller geographical scale within the MDF, as well as for the presence of suitable habitat within the treatment area, in the following section.

5 ANALYSIS PROCESS AND AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT

5.1 Analysis Process

Information from district surveys as well as the following databases were used to determine known occurrences of rare plants: United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Information for Planning and Conservation (IPaC) (USFWS 2016) Database; California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB) (CDFW 2016); USFS Natural Resource Information System (NRIS) Database; and the MDF Rare Plant Database (USFS 2016b). The FS R5 Regional Forester’s 2013 Sensitive Species List (USFS 2013), existing databases including state databases, and current literature were reviewed to determine potential habitat requirements for the FS R5 Regional Forester’s 2013 Sensitive Species List (USFS 2013) (Table 3).

Table 3: Summary of the Pre-Field Analysis for the MDF R5 Sensitive Plant Species

Species Habitat Determination for Treatment Area Scientific Name Common Name No. The treatment area lacks the habitat parameters of arid flats in or near juniper - sagebrush (Juniperus spp. - Artemisia spp.) steppe or upper montane yellow pine (i.e., ponderosa pine [Pinus ponderosa] and/or Jeffrey pine [Pinus jeffreyi]) woodlands with spongy, ash-gravel aggregate overlying semi-exposed bedrock and well-drained, loose soils Astragalus anxius Ash Valley milkvetch often only a few centimeters deep at elevations between 4,725 and 5,450 feet (Gauna 2016). Additionally, this species is endemic to Lassen County, California in the MDF Big Valley RD and is known from seven occurrences (CNPS 2014; NatureServe 2015). These occurrences are approximately 42 miles southwest of the treatment area. Thus, the project would have no impact on this species. No. The treatment area lacks the habitat parameters of wetland (e.g., alkaline meadows, lakes shores, seeps, marshes, and swamps) in Astragalus lemmonii Lemmon’s milkvetch Great Basin Mixed Scrub communities at elevations between 3,075 to 9,520 feet (Gauna 2016). Thus, the project would have no impact on this species. Yes. The habitat parameters of loose, often rocky, volcanic soils composed of sandy silt that is friable at the surface and hard-packed Astragalus pulsiferae var. Modoc Plateau beneath among basalt cobbles and gravel in Great Basin Mixed Scrub, coronensis milkvetch lower montane coniferous forests, and piñon-juniper (Pinus spp. - Juniperus spp.) woodlands at elevations between 4,100 to 6,200 feet (Gauna 2016) may be present within the treatment area.

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Species Habitat Determination for Treatment Area Scientific Name Common Name Yes. Mesic landscapes in lower montane yellow pine forests; open habitats in coniferous woodlands near streams, grassy fields, meadows, Botrychium ascendens Upswept moonwort fens, and creek banks; and/or moist soils on shady, north-facing slopes at elevations between 4,575 to 10,500 feet (Gauna 2016) occur within the treatment area. Yes. The habitat parameters of saturated soils of meadows, seeps, and freshwater marshes in lower montane yellow pine forests and along Botrychium crenulatum Scalloped moonwort stabilized margins of small streams among dense herbaceous vegetation at elevations between 4,920 and 11,820 feet. (Gauna 2016) may be present within the treatment area. Yes. The habitat parameters of fields, meadows, and seeps in upper montane to subalpine coniferous forests with moist but well-drained Botrychium lunaria Common moonwort soils at neutral pH levels at elevations between 7,495 to 11,150 feet (Gauna 2016) occur within the treatment area. Yes. Streamsides, wet or dry meadows, and seeps in dense or open, lower or upper montane yellow pine forests in association with Botrychium minganense Mingan moonwort disturbances over ten years old and open sun to dense herbaceous cover at elevations between 4,925 and 10,170 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) may occur within the treatment area. Yes. Saturated, wet landscapes (e.g., meadows, riparian corridors, and seeps) with high mineral and/or organic matter (often Cupressaceous Botrychium montanum Western goblin litter) content under incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) in montane yellow pine forest at elevations between 5,800 and 9,190 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) may be present within the treatment area. Yes. The habitat parameters of moist grassy fields, shrubby slopes, Northwestern meadows, and seeps in montane lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and/or Botrychium pinnatum moonwort yellow pine forests at elevations between 5,800 and 9,190 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) may occur within the treatment area. Yes. The habitat parameters of montane lodgepole forests, subalpine and Bruchia bolanderi Bolander’s moss alpine meadows, and streamlet banks in meadows at elevations between 5,575 to 9,200 feet (Gauna 2016) may occur within the treatment area. Yes. The habitat parameters of rotting, decorticated wood (i.e., logs and Buxbaumia viridis Buxbaumia moss stumps) or humus banks in subalpine coniferous forest (FNA 1993; Gauna 2016) may be present within the treatment area. No. Although the habitat parameters of grassy meadows, openings, and drainages in lower montane yellow pine forests or Great Basin Mixed Scrub and heavy clay or possibly sandy soils at the margins of seasonally wet meadows and along grassy streamlet banks, often on the edge of Calochortus longebarbatus pine forests at elevations between 2,950 and 6,250 feet (Gauna 2016) Long-haired star-tulip var. longebarbatus may occur within the treatment area, this species is not known to occur within the Warner Mountain RD but rather in the west-central portion of the MDF, which is located approximately 33 miles to the southwest of the treatment area (JFP 2016; USFS 2016b). Thus, the project would have no impact on this species. No. Although volcanic talus and alpine boulder/rock fields in closed-cone coniferous forests, subalpine coniferous forests, and upper montane forests between 7,300 and 11,485 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) may occur within the treatment area, the nearest known location of this Collomia larsenii Talus collomia species occurs approximately 68 miles west of the treatment area directly adjacent to the MDF on the Shasta-Trinity National Forest in the Cascade Mountains (JFP 2016; USFS 2016b). Thus, the project would have no impact on this species.

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Species Habitat Determination for Treatment Area Scientific Name Common Name Yes. The habitat parameters of open, moist lower montane yellow pine Mountain and/or coniferous forests on dry mountain slopes; and alpine meadows Cypripedium montanum lady's-slipper at elevations between 600 and 7,300 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) may occur within the treatment area. Yes. Dry, rocky, barren, volcanic slopes and flats with clay soils in upper montane sagebrush-juniper woodlands to Jeffrey pine forests, and Eriogonum prociduum Prostrate buckwheat possibly among lodgepole pine forests at elevations between 4,250 and 8,875 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) may be present within the treatment area. Yes. The habitat parameters of montane yellow pine and lodgepole pine Eriogonum umbellatum Warner Mountains forests on sand or gravel soils at elevations between 4,250 and 8,875 feet var. glaberrimum buckwheat (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) is present within the treatment area. No. Gravelly slopes and/or volcanic talus in Great Basin Mixed Scrub near pine-white fir (Pinus spp. - Abies concolor) forests at elevations Galium glabrescens ssp. Modoc bedstraw between 5,076 to 9,300 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) are not present modocense within the treatment area. Thus, the project would have no impact on this species. Yes. The habitat parameters of gravelly slopes, scree, and talus and at the bases of rock outcrop and in road cuts within subalpine coniferous Galium serpenticum ssp. Warner Mountains woodlands, juniper and piñon-juniper woodlands, meadows, and seeps warnerense bedstraw at 4,750 to 9,025 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) may occur within the treatment area. Yes. The habitat parameters of damp soils in meadows, seeps, and Helodium blandowii Blandow's bog moss subalpine coniferous forests at elevations between 6,105 and 8,860 feet (CNPS 2014) occur within the treatment area. No. Open sagebrush scrub on shallow, rocky soils on volcanic ridges; exposed volcanic mounds; barren shallow, rocky and/or gravelly soils; or open gravelly flats at elevations between 4,925 and 6,400 feet (Gauna Ivesia paniculata Ash Creek ivesia 2016; JFP 2016) does not occur within the treatment area. Additionally, the nearest known occurrences are located 41 miles southwest of the treatment area in the MDF Big Valley RD (USFS 2016b). Thus, the project would have no impact on this species. No. Although suitable habitat of gravelly or rocky openings in Great Basin Mixed Scrub or lower montane coniferous forests between 6,800 Lomatium roseanum Adobe lomatium to 7,400 feet may be present within the treatment area, the nearest known occurrence is approximately 23 miles south-southwest of the project (CNPS 2014). Thus, the project would have no impact on this species. Yes. The habitat parameters of wet landscapes in mesic upper montane Lupinus latifolius var. Bearded lupine coniferous forests at elevations between 4,920 and 8,205 feet barbatus (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) are present within the treatment area. Yes. The habitat parameters of upper montane coniferous forests, Broad-nerved Meesia uliginosa meadows, fens, seeps, and damp soils at elevations between 4,250 to hump-moss 8,200 feet (Gauna 2016) occur within the treatment area. Yes. Although this species is not known to occur within the Warner Mountain RD, the nearest known occurrence is located approximately six miles west of the treatment area in the MDF Devil’s Garden RD. The Ephemeral habitat parameters of Great Basin Mixed Scrub and lower montane Mimulus evanescens monkeyflower yellow pine or coniferous forests among rock fragments and alongside small boulders in moist, heavy gravel that is inundated in spring at elevations between 4,000 and 5,575 feet (CNPS 2014; Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) may be present within the treatment area.

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Species Habitat Determination for Treatment Area Scientific Name Common Name No. Clay soils on alkaline or subalkaline sinks, flats, playas, and dry lake margins within Great Basins Mixed Scrub and lower montane yellow pine or coniferous forests between elevations of 4,265 to 6,565 feet (CNPS 2014; Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) are not present within the Phacelia inundata Playa phacelia treatment area. Additionally, the nearest known occurrence is approximately 23 miles southeast of the treatment area and outside of the MDF (CNPS 2014; JFP 2016). Thus, the project would have no impact on this species. Yes. The habitat parameters of subalpine coniferous forests and/or rocky Pinus albicaulis Whitebark pine outcrops at elevations between 6,560 and 12,140 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) may occur within the treatment area. No. Alkaline and subalkaline meadows (CNPS 2014; Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) at elevations between 4,460 and 5,105 feet (CNPS 2014) do not occur within the treatment area. Additionally, the nearest known Potentilla basaltica Black Rock potentilla occurrence is approximately 40 miles southwest of the treatment area and outside of the MDF (CNPS 2014; JFP 2016; USFS 2016b). Thus, the project would have no impact on this species. No. Gravelly soils and pumice sand among volcanic boulders and away from competing species in open, high-light locations within mesic western juniper woodlands at elevations between 3,280 to 5,850 feet Rorippa columbiae Columbia yellow cress (Gauna 2016) do not occur within the treatment area. Additionally, the nearest known occurrence is approximately 14 miles west of the treatment area in the MDF Devil’s Garden RD (CNPS 2014; JFP 2016; USFS 2016b). Thus, the project would have no impact on this species. No. Alkaline meadows, seeps, and flats within Great Basin Mixed Scrub communities at elevations between 3,280 and 5,850 feet (FNA 1993; CNPS 2014; Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) at elevations between 3,280 and Thelypodium howellii ssp. 5,850 feet (Gauna 2016) do not occur within the treatment area. Howell's thelypodium howellii Additionally, the nearest known occurrence is approximately 11 miles east-southeast of the treatment area and outside the Warner Mountain RD (CNPS 2014; JFP 2016). Thus, the project would have no impact on this species. Shaded rows indicate species targeted for plant survey within the treatment area.

Ash Valley milkvetch, Lemmon’s milkvetch, long-haired star-tulip, talus collomia, Modoc bedstraw, Ash Creek ivesia, adobe lomatium, playa phacelia, Black Rock potentilla, Columbia yellow cress, and Howell’s thelypodium were eliminated from further analysis based on the geographic range and/or lack of habitat in the treatment area. This project would have no impact on these 11 plant species.

6 CONSULTATION

A list of Threatened, Endangered, Proposed, and Candidate species for the treatment area was received from the USFWS on January 27, 2017 (Consultation Code: 08EKLA00-2017-SLI-0034) and is on file at the Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office in Klamath Falls, for public review. It is also included as Appendix C. The following three federally-listed plant species were identified by the USFWS as having potential to occur within the treatment area: Greene’s tuctoria (Tuctoria greenei); slender Orcutt grass (Orcuttia tenuis); and whitebark pine. Greene’s tuctoria is listed as an Endangered species, while slender Orcutt grass is listed as a Threatened species. Effects analyses for both of these grass species in regard to the project are included in the Biological Assessment (BA) for botanical species (USFS 2017b). Whitebark pine is a R5 Sensitive species and a federally-listed Candidate species. This BE will analyze the potential effects of the proposed project on whitebark pine, as well as other R5 Sensitive plant species with potential to occur within the treatment area. 7 Joseph Creek Botany BE.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT BOTANY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

7 SURVEYS

On July 18 and 19, 2016 and various days between May 1 and August 16, 2017, intuitive controlled botanical surveys for the project were conducted by MDF botanists and botany crews in accordance with California Native Plant Society (CNPS) protocols (CNPS 2001). The surveys consisted of a general plant species inventory, rare plant species survey and habitat assessment, and noxious weed survey. The surveys coincided with the bloom/reproductive periods of the rare plant species determined to have potential habitat within the treatment area. To the extent possible, suitable habitats for rare plants with potential to occur, as well as prominent topographic features (e.g., rock outcrops, drainages, open areas, and disturbed landscapes) and key soil types (e.g., sandy soils, boulder fields, talus, and lacustrine deposits) were specially targeted during the surveys, unless prevented by safety issues. Every observed plant species was identified to a taxonomic level to determine if the species was rare. If encountered, rare plant species occurrences are documented with a hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, and the boundaries of the occurrences are delineated to the extent possible. The botanical inventory for the project is included in Appendix D.

8 SPECIES INFORMATION FOR SENSITIVE PLANTS

Modoc Plateau Milkvetch (Astragalus pulsiferae var. coronensis)

Distribution: In California, Modoc Plateau milkvetch is presumed extant in Lassen, Modoc, and Plumas counties where it can be locally common. Outside of California, this legume species is known to occur in Washoe County, (CNPS 2014; JFP 2016). From the MDF Rare Plant Database (USFS 2016b), 17 occurrences are known within the Big Valley RD and Warner Mountain RD of the MDF. In the MDF, Modoc Plateau milkvetch is known to occur at elevations between 4,100 and 6,200 feet (Gauna 2016).

Description: Modoc Plateau milkvetch is a delicate, prostrate, tufted, perennial herb covered in fine hairs. The stems are widely branched and slender. The are one to 5.5 centimeters (cm) long with stipule sheaths often present and three to 13 crowded, obovate leaflets per leaf. An contain three to 13 that generally have white, lavender-veined with lilac-tipped keels. The of Modoc Plateau milkvetch contains one chamber and is generally spheric or half-ovate, bladdery, and thinly papery with hairs that are often sparse, long, and wavey (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Modoc Plateau milkvetch grows on loose, often rocky, volcanic soils composed of sandy silt that is friable at the surface and hard-packed beneath among basalt cobbles and gravel. These soil types occur in Great Basin Mixed Scrub, lower montane coniferous forests, and piñon-juniper woodlands, often among juniper, pine(s), and sagebrush (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016).

Threats: Grazing, trampling, development, and timber harvest activities are identified as major threats to Modoc Plateau milkvetch (CNPS 2014).

Upswept Moonwort (Botrychium ascendens)

Distribution: Upswept moonwort is widely scattered in western United States and is also known to occur in eastern Canada, Minnesota, and Vermont (JFP 2016; NatureServe 2015). In California, upswept moonwort is presumed extant in north-central and northeastern California and along the Sierra Nevada Mountains in central and central-eastern California (CNPS 2014). Only one occurrence is known within the MDF, which is located in the south-central region of the Warner Mountain RD (CNPS 2014; USFS 2016b). The elevational range of upswept moonwort within northern California is 4,575 to 10,500 feet (Gauna 2016). 8 Joseph Creek Botany BE.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT BOTANY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Description: Upswept moonwort is a rhizomatous fern species with a sporophore and trophophore joined distally to mid-leaf. The trophophore has a stalk less than one millimeter (mm) long and a once-pinnate blade of less than six cm long and 1.5 cm wide. The blade is oblong to oblong-deltate, thin but firm, veiny, and yellowish-green with less than five pairs of pinnae that are well separated, ascending, acutely wedge-shaped, and non-midribbed. The outer margins of the pinnae are dentate, and the basal pinnae often have scattered marginal sporangia. The sporophore is once- to twice-pinnate and oblong with short, stiffly erect, slightly to non-overlapping branches and crowded sporangia (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Upswept moonwort occupies mesic landscapes in lower montane yellow pine forests; open habitats in coniferous woodlands near grassy fields, meadows, fens, streams, and creek banks; and/or moist soils on shady, north-facing slopes. According to the JFP (2016), upswept moonwort occurs in moist meadows and open woodlands near streams or seeps. Plant species associated with this species include starry false lily of the valley (Maianthemum stellatum); western columbine (Aquilegia formosa) (Gauna 2016); scalloped moonwort (Botrychium crenulatum); common moonwort (Botrychium lunaria); and Mingan moonwort (Botrychium minganense) (FNA 1993).

Threats: Possible threats to upswept moonwort include logging, trampling (CNPS 2014), changes to hydrology of its streamside habitat, and small animal herbivory (NatureServe 2015).

Scalloped Moonwort (Botrychium crenulatum)

Distribution: Scalloped moonwort is scattered throughout western from British Columbia to Alberta and northwestern to and southern California. This fern species is also know to occur in Ontario, Canada (NatureServe 2015). Scalloped moonwort is scattered but not common anywhere in California (CNPS 2014). According to the MDF Rare Plant Database (USFS 2016b), nine occurrences are known within the Warner Mountain RD. In the MDF, scalloped moonwort is known to occur at elevations between 4,920 to 11,820 feet (Gauna 2016).

Description: Scalloped moonwort is a rhizomatous fern species with a sporophore and trophophore joined distally to mid-leaf. The trophophore has a stalk of two to eight mm and a once-pinnate blade of less than six cm long and two cm wide. The blade is oblong, thin, soft, shiny, and green to yellowish-green with three to five pairs of pinnae that are spreading and non-midribbed. The outer margins of the pinnae are generally finely crenate to dentate. The sporophore is once- to twice-pinnate and triangular to deltate with spreading branches and spaced sporangia (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Scalloped moonwort occupies saturated soils of fens, meadows, seeps, freshwater marshes, and swamps in lower montane yellow pine forests and occurs along stabilized margins of small streams among dense herbaceous vegetation that is partly to heavily shaded. Scalloped moonwort is one of the most hydrophilic species within the moonwort (Botrychium spp.) (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). This species is associated with little grapefern (Botrychium simplex) (FNA 1993).

Threats: Grazing, trampling, recreational activities, fuel reduction projects, road deconstruction, and vehicles are identified as threats to scalloped moonwort (CNPS 2014; NatureServe 2015).

Common Moonwort (Botrychium lunaria)

Distribution: Common moonwort appears in North and South America, Eurasia, Australia, and New Zealand. In North America, it occurs from Newfoundland and Labrador west to and south to Massachusetts, New York, Michigan, Minnesota, Saskatchewan, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. In California, common moonwort is presumed extant in Modoc, Mono, Plumas, and Sierra counties

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(CNPS 2014). Within the MDF, five occurrences of this species are located within the Warner Mountain RD (USFS 2016b). The elevational range of common moonwort within northern California is 7,495 to 11,150 feet (Gauna 2016).

Description: Common moonwort is a rhizomatous fern species with a sporophore and trophophore joined distally to mid-leaf. The trophophore has a stalk of zero to eight mm and a once-pinnate blade of between six and ten cm long and two to four cm wide. The blade is oblong, thick, and dark green with four to six (and occasionally up to nine) pairs of pinnae that are touching to overlapping, broadly fan-shaped, and non-midribbed. The outer margins of the pinnae are generally entire. The sporophore is mostly once-pinnate and deltate with spreading branches (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Common moonwort is located in moist but well-drained soils with neutral pH levels in fields, meadows, and seeps in upper montane to subalpine coniferous forests. At high elevations, common moonwort occurs in open to lightly wooded meadows or sparsely vegetated scree slopes. At low elevations, it occupies mesic woodlands, meadows, and sparsely vegetated sand dunes (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). Common moonwort typically grows with other moonworts and occasionally hybridizes with them (FNA 1993).

Threats: According to NatureServe (2015), the primary threat to common moonwort is the loss of its open habitats to successional overgrowth. Common moonwort may also be threatened by grazing (CNPS 2014).

Mingan Moonwort (Botrychium minganense)

Distribution: Mingan moonwort is one of the most widespread moonworts in North America, occurring throughout Canada, Alaska, and the western United States south to Arizona and in all of the states that border Canada (NatureServe 2015). This moonwort species also occurs in Iceland (JFP 2016). Mingan moonwort is scattered throughout California but is especially concentrated in the Sierra Nevada Mountains (CNPS 2014; JFP 2016). Only one occurrence is known on the MDF and is located in the south-central portion of the Warner Mountain RD (CNPS 2014; USFS 2016b). In the MDF, Mingan moonwort is known to occur at elevations between 4,925 to 10,170 feet (Gauna 2016).

Description: Mingan moonwort is a rhizomatous fern species with a sporophore and trophophore joined distally to mid-leaf. The trophophore stalk is commonly five to ten mm in length, and the trophophore blade is once-pinnate and generally two to five cm long and less than 1.5 cm wide. The blade is linear to oblong, firm, dull, and pale green with three to six pairs of pinnae that are fan- or wedge-shaped and non-midribbed. The outer margins of the pinnae are entire to coarsely toothed or lobed. The sporophore is once-pinnate and deltate with spreading branches and stalks that are one to 1.5 times the length of the trophophore (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Mingan moonwort occupies streamsides, wet or dry meadows, and fens in dense or open lower or upper montane yellow pine forests. This moonwort species is associated with disturbances that are over ten years old but occurs in open sun to dense herbaceous cover (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016)

Threats: Grazing, trampling, fire, vehicles, habitat alteration, and logging and associated road use are potential threats to Mingan moonwort (CNPS 2016).

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Western Goblin (Botrychium montanum)

Distribution: Western goblin occurs in western North America (i.e., Alaska, British Columbia, , Oregon, northern California, , and Montana). Most of the known occurrences have been reported from Oregon, Montana, and Washington and to a lesser extent in British Columbia, California, and Idaho (NatureServe 2015). In California, western goblin is located in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, Klamath Mountains, and Warner Mountains (CNPS 2014). Three occurrences of western goblin are known within the MDF, which are located in the central portion of the Warner Mountain RD (USFS 2016b). In the MDF, this moonwort species is known to occur at elevations between 5,800 and 9,190 feet (Gauna 2016).

Description: Western goblin is a rhizomatous fern species with a sporophore and trophophore joined distally to mid-leaf. The trophophore has a stalk of two to 15 mm in length and a once-pinnate blade that is 0.5 to 2.5 cm long and less than one cm wide. The blade is irregularly linear to oblong, dull, and gray-green with square to oblong, non-midribbed pinnae. The sporophore is unbranched to once-pinnate with sporangial clusters or branches widely spaced. The sporophore stalk is one to 2.5 times the length of the trophophore (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Western goblin occupies saturated, wet landscapes (e.g., fens, meadows, riparian corridors, and seeps) in shady montane yellow pine forests among incense cedar. The habitat contains moist soils with high mineral and/or organic matter (often Cupressaceous leaf litter) content (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016).

Threats: Habitat loss, grazing, trampling, and hydrological alternations are possible threats to western goblin (CNPS 2014). Many occurrences may be protected from logging due to their location within riparian buffer zones (NatureServe 2015).

Northwestern Moonwort (Botrychium pinnatum)

Distribution: Northwestern moonwort occurs throughout western North America and in parts of eastern Canada (NatureServe 2015). In California, it is located in the northern counties of Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Shasta, and Siskiyou (CNPS 2014). Two occurrences of northwestern moonwort are known within the MDF, which are located in the central portion of the Warner Mountain RD (USFS 2016b). In the MDF, this moonwort species is known to occur at elevations between 5,800 and 9,190 feet (Gauna 2016).

Description: Northwestern moonwort is a rhizomatous fern species with a sporophore and trophophore joined distally to mid-leaf. The trophophore has a stalk of zero to 0.2 mm in length and a pinnately lobed to twice-pinnate blade that is three to six cm long and two to four cm wide. The blade is oblong to deltate with four to seven pairs of pinnae. The pinnae are ovate to elliptic, shiny, midribbed, bright green, and deeply lobed at the base to entire near the tip with entire to minutely crenate margins. The sporophore is twice pinnate and deltate (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Northwestern moonwort occupies moist, grassy landscapes in open forests and meadows near streams and in other locations where soils moisture is constant (Gauna 2016). Northwestern moonwort occurs in grassy fields, shrubby slopes, meadows, and seeps in montane red fir (Abies magnifica), lodgepole pine, and yellow pine forests (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). This moonwort species is commonly associated with lanceleaf grapefern (Botrychium lanceolatum) and common moonwort (FNA 1993).

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Threats: Threats to northwestern moonwort are not well understood, as this species occurs in both naturally and artificially disturbed landscapes and may be displaced by natural plant succession as well as the same anthropogenic activities (e.g., recreation, road and trail maintenance, and livestock) that have also apparently resulted in suitable habitat. Other potential threats to northwestern moonwort include agriculture and forestry (NatureServe 2015).

Bolander’s Moss (Bruchia bolanderi)

Distribution: Bolander’s moss is endemic to western North America and is known to occur in California, Oregon, Nevada, and Utah (CNPS 2014; NatureServe 2015). In California, it is located in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and Warner Mountains. Two occurrences are mapped within the MDF, which are located within the northern portion of the Warner Mountain RD (CNPS 2014; USFS 2016b). The known elevational range of Bolander’s moss within the MDF is 5,575 to 9,200 feet (Gauna 2016).

Description: Bolander’s moss is a tiny, erect bryophyte with the seta (i.e., stem) and together reaching lengths of 5.1 to 12 mm tall. The leaves are 1.1 to 2.8 mm long, costate, linear, and green to light brown. The seta are straight and usually longer than three mm. The capsules are the most conspicuous part of the plant with the following characteristics: light brown when young; beige to grayish at maturity; widest at the rounded top, and containing a long tapering neck. Peristome teeth are lacking around the capsule mouth of Bolander’s moss (NatureServe 2015). The spores are warty and papillose (NatureServe 2015; Wilson 2017).

Habitat: Bolander’s moss is located in montane lodgepole pine forests, subalpine and alpine meadows, and streamlet banks in meadows. It forms large colonies in openings on moist, disturbed soils with high organic content; and also occurs individually among grasses. Bolander’s moss occupies landscapes in shade to full sun and takes advantage of disturbed sites with minimal competition. This moss species is commonly associated with Aulacomnium moss (Aulacomnium palustre) and pohlia moss (Pohlia spp.) (Gauna 2016).

Threats: Fuel reduction activities, trampling, and recreational activities are possible threats to Bolander’s moss (CNPS 2014; NatureServe 2015).

Buxbaumia Moss (Buxbaumia viridis)

Distribution: Buxbaumia moss is known from Asia, Australia, Europe, New Zealand, and North America. In North America, it occurs in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and California (Harpel and Hoover 2006). In northern California, Buxbaumia moss is located in the Northern Coast Ranges, Klamath Mountains, and Warner Mountains (Harpel and Hoover 2006; CNPS 2014). Seventeen occurrences are known within the MDF; they are located in the central portion of the Warner Mountain RD. In the MDF, this moss species is known to occur at elevations between 6,585 and 7,295 feet (USFS 2016b).

Description: Buxbaumia moss is a small, annual bryophyte that develops a sporophyte from a persistent protonema. The gametophyte lacks chlorophyll, is extremely reduced in size and not visible with a hand lens. The seta is five to 10 mm long with a slightly swollen base. The capsule is three to five mm in size, ovoid, flattened on the dorsal side, rounded on the ventral side, not glossy, green when young, and yellowish-brown to brown when mature. In mature capsules, the cuticle on the upper surface splits down the length of the urn and peels back along the margins. The spores are yellowish to yellowish-brown (Harpel and Hoover 2006).

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Habitat: Buxbaumia moss occurs on very well-rotted, decorticated wood (i.e., logs and stumps) and on peaty soil or humus and occasionally on mineral soils. On the MDF, it is known to occupy logs adjacent to creeks in subalpine forests consisting of white fir, (Pinus monticola), lodgepole pine, and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) (Harpel and Hoover 2006; Gauna 2016).

Threats: Logging, fuels reduction activities, and hydrological alterations may threaten Buxbaumia moss through the reduction of suitable habitat (i.e., well-rotted wood) (Harpel and Hoover 2006). According to the CNPS (2014), trampling and logging also threaten Buxbaumia moss.

Mountain Lady’s-Slipper (Cypripedium montanum)

Distribution: Mountain lady’s-slipper occurs in western North America from Alaska to central California and east to Alberta and Wyoming (Seevers and Lang 1998; NatureServe 2015). It is widely scattered throughout northern and central California (CNPS 2014; JFP 2016). Within the MDF, 45 occurrences of mountain lady’s-slipper are mapped in the Big Valley RD and Warner Mountain RD (USFS 2016b). The elevational range of this species is 600 to 7,300 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016).

Description: Mountain lady’s-slipper is a perennial rhizomatous herb reaching heights of 25 to 70 cm. Four to six leaves alternate along the stem. The leaves are five to 18 cm long and elliptic to ovate. The inflorescence is open and generally contains one to three flowers. The upper of this orchid species is three to six cm in length, lanceolate, twisted or wavy, and red- to dark-brown or sometimes green. The lateral petals are 25 to 50 mm long, narrow-lanceolate, down-curved, and twisted. The lip of the is 20 to 30 mm long, white, and may have red stripes below (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Mountain lady’s-slipper occupies open, moist lower montane yellow pine, mixed evergreen, and other coniferous forests on dry mountain slopes. It may also occur in alpine meadows (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). Mountain lady’s-slipper habitat exhibits 60 to 80 percent canopy closure, from full sun on eastern mountain slopes to full shade in moist wooded valleys (Gauna 2016).

Threats: Habitat loss, including logging, fire suppression, and horticultural harvesting, threaten Mountain lady’s-slipper. Other possible threats are road maintenance, vehicles, recreational activities, park and campground maintenance, exotic plant invasion, herbicide, and grazing (Seevers and Lang 1998; CNPS 2014; NatureServe 2015).

Prostrate Buckwheat (Eriogonum prociduum)

Distribution: Prostrate buckwheat is endemic to the western United States in the following states: California; Nevada, Oregon, and Idaho (NatureServe 2015). Within California, it occurs in the northeastern corner of the state in Lassen and Modoc counties (CNPS 2014; NatureServe 2015). Twenty-three occurrences of prostrate buckwheat are mapped within the Big Valley RD and Warner Mountain RD of the MDF. The elevational range of this buckwheat species is 4,250 to 8,875 feet (FNA 1993; Gauna 2016; JFP 2016).

Description: Prostrate buckwheat is a perennial, scapose mat with a diameter of one to three decimeters (dm). The stems are glabrous with length generally between 0.2 to 0.6 dm, occasionally reaching to 0.8 dm. The basal leaves are tomentose, narrow to wide, and generally 0.3 to one cm long and 0.15 to 0.4 cm wide. The umbellate are 0.8 to 1.2 cm wide and lack peduncles. Four to seven involucres occur at the base of an umbel. The involucres are weakly rigid and glabrous or sparsely tomentose with five to six teeth. The flowers are two to three mm long and glabrous with bright yellow

13 Joseph Creek Botany BE.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT BOTANY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION perianths and oblong to oblong-obovate lobes. The are also two to three mm long and glabrous (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Prostrate buckwheat occupies clay soils (JFP 2016) in dry, rocky, barren, volcanic slopes and flats within upper montane sagebrush-juniper woodlands to Jeffrey pine forests and possibly among lodgepole pine and/or red fir forests. The habitat is very sparsely vegetated with shallow soils among basalt flows (Gauna 2016).

Threats: Trampling is identified as a threat to prostrate buckwheat (CNPS 2014), while possible threats include grazing, exotic plant invasion, recreation, and mining (CNPS 2014; NatureServe 2015). Prostrate buckwheat, however, appears to be fairly resistant to disturbance (NatureServe 2015).

Warner Mountain Buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum var. glaberrimum)

Distribution: Warner Mountains buckwheat occurs in south-central Oregon and northeast California. In California, it is located in Siskiyou and Modoc counties (CNPS 2014). Eleven occurrences of Warner Mountain buckwheat are mapped within the MDF with nine occurrences in the Warner Mountain RD, one occurrence in the Big Valley RD, and one occurrence within the Devil’s Garden RD (USFS 2016b). The elevational range of this buckwheat species is from 5,000 to 8,875 feet (CNPS 2014; Gauna 2016).

Description: Warner Mountains buckwheat is a perennial herb or subshrub that forms a mat three to eight dm in diameter. The stems are one to two dm long. The leaf blades are glabrous, one to two cm long, and 0.3 to one cm wide. Floral characteristics distinguish Warner Mountains buckwheat from other varieties of Sulphur buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum). The glabrous, umbel-like inflorescence has a whorl of bracts near the middle and produce cream or white flowers that are four to seven mm in size. The flower has a stalk-like base (i.e., stipe) that is generally 1.3 to two mm long and has six entire, spoon-shaped to obovate lobes, and contains nine . The fruit is a two- to seven-mm achene that is generally three angled and glabrous except for a sparsely hairy tip (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Warner Mountains buckwheat occurs in sand or gravel (JFP 2016) in Great Basin Mixed Scrub, lower and upper coniferous forests, and quaking aspen stands (FNA 1993; CNPS 2014; JFP 2016).

Threats: Grazing, logging, vehicles, and road and trail maintenance are identified as threats to Warner Mountains buckwheat (CNPS 2014; NatureServe 2015).

Warner Mountains Bedstraw (Galium serpenticum ssp. warnerense)

Distribution: Warner Mountains bedstraw is endemic to California and Oregon. In California, Warner Mountains bedstraw occurs in the northeastern corner of the state in Modoc County. Fifteen occurrences of this species are mapped on the MDF, all of which are located in the northern portion of the Warner Mountain RD (USFS 2016b). The elevational range for Warner Mountains bedstraw is 4,750 to 9,025 feet (JFP 2016).

Description: Warner Mountains bedstraw is a dioecious, tufted, few-branched, erect, perennial herb. The stems are five to 32 cm long. The leaves are six to 15 mm long, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic acute tipped, and in whorls of four. The white rotate flowers are arranged in panicle inflorescences that are both narrow and leafy. The ovaries are two-lobed with the bases more or less fused. The paired fruits are three- to six-mm nutlets and include long, straight, yellowish hairs. The lanceolate to narrowly elliptic leaves with reflexed tips and rotate corollas distinguish this subspecies of Intermountain bedstraw (Galium serpenticum) from others (JFP 2016).

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Habitat: Warner Mountains bedstraw is located on gravelly slopes, scree, and talus, at the bases of rock outcrops, among rocks, and in road cuts in subalpine coniferous woodlands, juniper and piñon-juniper woodlands, and meadows (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016).

Threats: Grazing, exotic plant invasion, recreation, roads, and road maintenance pose threats to Warner Mountains bedstraw (NatureServe 2015).

Blandow's Bog Moss (Helodium blandowii)

Distribution: In the United States, Blandow’s bog moss is located in the following six western states: California; Idaho; Montana; Oregon; Washington; and Wyoming. In California, Blandow’s bog moss is documented in the of north-central California and the Sierra Nevada Range of central-eastern California (CNPS 2014). There are no known occurrences in the MDF (USFS 2016b). The elevational range of Blandow’s bog moss is 6,105 to 8,860 feet (CNPS 2014).

Description: Blandow’s bog moss is a plumose bryophyte with closely pinnate branches that occur in one plane somewhat elevated above the substratum. The stem leaves are large, appressed except at the tips, decurrent, and are a distinguishing feature of this moss due to paraphyllia emanating from the decurrent leaf bases. The branch leaves are small and contorted when dry. Capsules are rare. Blandow’s bog moss has a distinct feather-like branching pattern and yellow-green color (Huff 2009).

Habitat: Blandow’s bog moss forms mats and small hummocks in medium to rich montane fens with calcareous groundwater (Huff 2009). It prefers damp soils in meadows, seeps, and subalpine coniferous forests (CNPS 2014). Blandow’s bog moss also occurs along streams, at the edges of swamp forests, at wet tree bases on hummocks in peat bogs, in tundra benches, and on gravel bars of creeks (FNA 1993).

Threats: CNPS (2014) identifies grazing, trampling, and hydrological alterations as potential threats to Blandow’s bog moss. Anthropogenic nutrient inputs and succession from fen to forests in the absence of fire (i.e., fire suppression) are additional threats (Huff 2009).

Bearded Lupine (Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus)

Distribution: Bearded lupine is endemic to California and Oregon. In California, this legume species is limited to Modoc and Lassen counties (CNPS 2014). There are no known occurrences of bearded lupine on the MDF (USFS 2016b). The elevational range of bearded lupine is 4,920 to 8,205 feet (JFP 2016).

Description: Bearded lupine is an erect perennial herb that reaches heights of three to 24 dm. Its palmately compound leaves are somewhat abaxially hairy, adaxially glabrous to hairy, both stipulate and petiolate, and are composed of five to 11 leaflets that range from 40 to 100 mm in length. The open inflorescence grows to lengths between 16 and 60 cm. The flowers are eight to ten mm long and blue or purple to white with a banner spot that is generally white to yellow turning to purple. The upper margins of the keel are ciliate from the claw to the middle, and the lower margins are generally ciliate. The fruits range from two to 4.5 cm and are somewhat densely hairy with mottled dark brown . Bearded lupine is distinct from other varieties of broadleaf lupine (Lupinus latifolius) in that the flowers are smaller, and the stems are glabrous to strigose (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Bearded lupine occupies wet landscapes (JFP 2016), particularly in mesic upper montane coniferous forests (CNPS 2014).

Threats: Although bearded lupine is toxic, grazing is the only listed threat (CNPS 2014).

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Broad-Nerved Hump-Moss (Meesia uliginosa)

Distribution: Broad-nerved hump-moss may occur in North American, South America, and Europe (i.e., Scandinavia), but distribution data for this moss species are incomplete (CNPS 2014; NatureServe 2015; Wilson 2017). In California, broad-nerved hump-moss is located on the Sierra Nevada Range, Klamath Mountains, Cascade Range, and Warner Mountains (CNPS 2014). On the MDF, two occurrences have been mapped in the Warner Mountain RD (USFS 2016b). Broad-nerved hump-moss occurs at elevations between 3,970 to 9,200 feet (CNPS 2014).

Description: Broad-nerved hump-moss is a bryophyte that grows up to four cm in small dark green to grass green tufts/cushions. It has dense rhizoids that appear red-brown below. The stems are red to near black with closely foliate, ligulate leaves that grow up to four mm and are erect-spreading when moist. Broad-nerved hump-moss is distinguished from other members of the Meesiaceae by lingulate (i.e., tongue-shaped), non-squarrose leaves with strongly recurved margins throughout and a costa that fills one-half to two-thirds of the leaf base and gradually tapers to the leaf apex. Median cells of lamina are moderately thick-walled with rectangular lumens that are variable in length. The seta is generally straight, brown to yellow-brown, and may reach lengths up to 80 mm. The urn can be up to four mm long and is arcuate, asymmetric, oblong to short cylindric, brown to yellow-brown, and wrinkled when dry but not regularly sulcate. The opercula are short conic. The necks of capsules are strongly wrinkled when dry, may comprise up to one-half of the capsule length, and have inconspicuous peristome teeth (Wilson 2017).

Habitat: Broad-nerved hump moss prefers damp soil in bogs, fens, meadows, seeps, and upper montane to subalpine coniferous forests (CNPS 2014). It occurs in rich to extremely rich fens, and is an indicator of such conditions (Dillingham 2005).

Threats: Development, grazing, trampling, and hydrological alterations threaten the broad-nerved hump-moss (CNPS 2014). Dillingham (2005) lists hydrology and nutrient concentrations of incoming water sources as the most critical threats. Trampling by livestock and uninformed peatland recreationists also pose threats to this moss species (NatureServe 2015).

Ephemeral Monkeyflower (Mimulus evanescens)

Distribution: Ephemeral monkeyflower is endemic to California, Idaho, Nevada, and Oregon. In California, this species is located in Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, and Siskiyou counties. The four RDs within the MDF (i.e., Big Valley, Devil’s Garden, Doublehead, and Warner Mountain) each contain occurrences of ephemeral monkeyflower with nine total occurrences known on the MDF (USFS 2016b). The elevational range of ephemeral monkeyflower is 4,000 to 5,575 feet within the MDF (Gauna 2016).

Description: Ephemeral monkeyflower is a glandular, puberulent annual that range in height from six to 25 cm. The opposite leaves are one to four cm long, sessile (excluding the basal leaves), and broadly ovate to more or less lanceolate. The yellow flowers occur in a raceme inflorescence and are exerted from an equal ciliate lobed calyx that measures 3.5 to 6.5 mm and swells to almost double its size when in fruit. The fruit is a five- to nine-mm ovoid to fusiform capsule with one to two chambers (JFP 2016).

Habitat: Ephemeral monkeyflower grows among rocks and boulders on moist, previously flooded gravel (JFP 2016) within Great Basin Mixed Scrub, lower montane yellow pine or coniferous forests, and piñon-juniper woodlands (CNPS 2014; Gauna 2016). They generally prefer vernally mesic, gravelly or rocky habitats but may occasionally occupy fine textured lake deposits (Gauna 2016).

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Threats: CNPS (2014) identifies trampling and hydrologic alterations as threats to ephemeral monkeyflowers. NatureServe (2015) identifies recreation, livestock grazing, and exotic plant species invasion as additional threats.

Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis)

Distribution: Whitebark pine occurs in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada with the Canadian Coastal Mountains of British Columbia as its northern distribution limit and its southern limit as the California Sierra Nevada Mountains (Perkins 2017). Within the MDF, the known distribution of this five-needled pine is on the Warner Mountains in the USFS Warner Mountain RD (JFP 2016). Throughout its range, whitebark pine occurs at elevations between 4,250 and 12,150 feet (FNA 1993). Between 81 to over 300 occurrences of whitebark pine are thought to exist throughout its range (NatureServe 2015).

Description: Whitebark pine is a small to medium-sized conifer tree with heights typically ranging between 40 and 60 feet and diameters reaching five feet at maturity. Trees at this species’ upper elevational limits grow in low and krummholz forms that are generally less than three feet tall. Whitebark pine is also extremely wind firm, as high-elevation trees on shallow, undeveloped soils frequently endure near-hurricane-force winds. Trees may have a single-stemmed or a clumped, multi-stemmed habit. Landscape differences and Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) -caching behavior may affect the frequency of tree clumping. Whitebark pine trees at high elevations often attain extreme ages. The oldest recorded specimen is on the Sawtooth National Forest of Idaho and is over 1,270 years old (Fryer 2002).

The bark of whitebark pine is pale gray and from a distance appears whitish to light gray and smooth. The bark thickness of whitebark pine is thin to moderate and seldom reaches 0.4 inch. The branches of mature trees are spreading to ascending and often persist on the trunk base. The twigs are stout and pale red-brown with light brown, often glandular puberulence. The twigs are somewhat roughened by elevated scars and age to gray and pale gray-brown hues. Fresh-cut whitebark pine wood has a sweet scent (FNA 1993; Perkins 2017).

The needles/leaves of whitebark pine are bundled as five per fascicle and are mostly ascending and upcurved and connivent with a deep yellow-green color. The adaxial leaf surface is conspicuously whitened by stomata (FNA 1993). The needles persist for five to eight years (FNA 1993) and may reach seven inches in length or as little as 1.5 inches (Perkins 2017).

Whitebark pine cones do not reach full cone production until 60 to 100 years of age. Peak cone production extends for another 250 years, then gradually declines (NatureServe 2015). Male whitebark pine cones are cylindro-ovoid with deep pink to scarlet hues and lengths between 0.4 and 0.6 inches (FNA 1993).

Mature female cones have a purple cast and are 1.6 to three inches long and located primarily at the tops of the upswept branches. The female cone contains an average of 75 seeds. Whitebark pine’s wingless seeds are large and heavy compared to other pine species (Pinus spp.) with lengths ranging between 0.2 to 0.4 inches and an average mass of 72 milligrams per seed (Perkins 2017). The nutrient-rich seeds remain in the indehiscent cone after maturity, which causes the seeds to be almost entirely dependent on Clark’s nutcracker for successful dispersal and reproduction. Clark’s nutcrackers feed almost exclusively on whitebark pine seeds, when they are available, and store the seeds for year-round use. With a full pouch of seeds, Clark’s nutcrackers fly to suitable habitats and cache clusters of up to 15 seeds at 0.7 to 1.2 inches beneath the soil surface. Various mammals (e.g., American black bear [Ursus americanus],

17 Joseph Creek Botany BE.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT BOTANY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION grizzly bear [Ursus arctos], chipmunk [Neotamias spp.], North American deermouse [Peromyscus maniculatus], golden-mantled ground squirrel [Callospermophilus lateralis], and red squirrel [Tamiasciurus hudsonicus]) also transport and cache whitebark pine seeds but not nearly to the extent of the Clark’s nutcracker (NatureServe 2015).

Habitat: Whitebark pine occurs in montane and subalpine forests at or near timberline on thin, rocky, cold soils (FNA 1993). In California, pure or nearly pure whitebark pine communities occur at treeline in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges. These ranges also contain whitebark pine and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) co-dominated forests. In upper montane and subalpine forests at elevations ranging between 6,000 and 11,000 feet, whitebark pine is common in mixed stands with Sierra lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. murrayana), mountain hemlock, and/or foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana). At lower elevations (i.e., 7,500 feet in the north and 9,000 feet in the south), whitebark pine merges with mixed Sierra lodgepole pine, red fir, and/or Jeffrey pine forests. Krummholz whitebark pine merges into alpine fell-fields at high elevations between 9,500 to 11,100 feet, depending on latitude. In the Warner Mountains, whitebark pine co-occurs with Sierra lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, and white fir (Fryer 2002).

Threats: Whitebark pine is severely threatened in the majority of its range by introduced white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), outbreaks of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), succession resulting from decades of fire suppression, climate change resulting in decreases in suitable habitat, and various synergies between these factors. Although a few areas such as the southern Sierra Nevada Range in California and the interior Great Basin ranges, as well as scattered stands in the rest of the range, still appear to contain large numbers of relatively healthy trees, blister rust is expected to eventually become abundant in the vast majority of the range, causing signification tree mortality (NatureServe 2015).

9 EFFECTS ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATIONS FOR SENSITIVE PLANTS

The 18 Sensitive plant species under analysis are: (1) Modoc Plateau milkvetch; (2) upswept moonwort; (3) scalloped moonwort; (4) common moonwort; (5) Mingan moonwort; (6) western goblin; (7) northwestern moonwort; (8) Bolander’s moss; (9) Buxbaumia moss; (10) mountain lady’s-slipper; (11) prostrate buckwheat; (12) Warner Mountains buckwheat; (13) Warner Mountains bedstraw; (14) Blandow’s bog moss; (15) bearded lupine; (16) broad-nerved hump-moss; (17) ephemeral monkeyflower; and (18) whitebark pine.

9.1 Direct and Indirect Effects of the Proposed Action

Since no Sensitive plant species occur within or near the treatment area, the Proposed Action would have no direct or indirect effects on Sensitive plant species. Potential direct effects to the suitable habitats of the 18 Sensitive plant species within the treatment area would relate to the temporary disturbance resulting from project activities, as the project would involve the use of vehicles and other heavy equipment and prescribed burning treatments for tree removal. The increased traffic along the access roads during the proposed project operations may also indirectly influence the potential germination of the 18 Sensitive plant species by disrupting the access of animal vectors to the treatment area that could potentially transport seeds of these 18 Sensitive plants.

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9.2 Cumulative Effects of the Proposed Action

Since no Sensitive plant species occur within or near the treatment area, the Proposed Action would not contribute to cumulative effects on Sensitive plant species. The effects of the Proposed Action on the potential habitats of the 18 Sensitive plant species would contribute to combined effects from recreational activities, invasive species, and livestock grazing. Recreational activities and livestock grazing are not expected to increase during the project operations. Table 4 lists the past actions, and their associated acreages within the treatment area, that may contribute to the cumulative effects. Other than recreational activities and livestock grazing, no future actions that would contribute to the cumulative effects are currently known.

Table 4: Past Actions Producing Ground Disturbance within the Treatment Area over the Last 30 Years

Past Action Acreage 1987 Plant Trees 128 Rearrangement of Fuels 27 TOTAL 155 1988 Commercial Thin 16 Patch Clearcut 18 Rearrangement of Fuels 111 Sanitation Cut 83 Site Preparation for Planting - Mechanical 133 Stand Clearcut 115 Tree Release and Weed 128 TOTAL 604 1989 Commercial Thin 377 Overstory Removal Cut (from Advanced Regeneration) 34 Patch Clearcut 71 Plant Trees 133 Rearrangement of Fuels 314 Sanitation Cut 546 TOTAL 1,476 1990 Commercial Thin 42 Rearrangement of Fuels 432 Site Preparation for Planting - Mechanical 71 TOTAL 546 1991 Fill-in or Replant Trees 92 Plant Trees 71 TOTAL 163 1992

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Past Action Acreage Patch Clearcut 12 Rearrangement of Fuels 134 Sanitation Cut 134 Stand Clearcut 26 Tree Release and Weed 133 TOTAL 440 1993 Rearrangement of Fuels 93 Sanitation Cut 93 Tree Release and Weed 192 TOTAL 379 1994 Fill-in or Replant Trees 18 Sanitation Cut 38 Site Preparation for Planting - Mechanical 225 Stand Clearcut 188 Wildlife Habitat Regeneration Cut 125 TOTAL 595 1995 Broadcast Burning 29 Plant Trees 225 Rearrangement of Fuels 553 Sanitation Cut 721 Tree Release and Weed 83 TOTAL 1,610 1996 Rearrangement of Fuels 77 Sanitation Cut 17 TOTAL 94 1997 Commercial Thin 418 Fill-in or Replant Trees 243 Precommercial Thin 111 Sanitation Cut 628 Tree Release and Weed 243 TOTAL 1,644 1998 Commercial Thin 398 Sanitation Cut 398 TOTAL 796 1999 Plant Trees 234 Tree Release and Weed 157

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Past Action Acreage TOTAL 392 2000 Tree Release and Weed 68 TOTAL 68 2001 Plant Trees 89 Tree Release and Weed 89 TOTAL 178 2003 61 Broadcast Burning 61 TOTAL 61 2011 220 Fuel Break 92 Sanitation Cut 128 TOTAL 220 GRAND TOTAL 9,421

9.3 Determinations of the Proposed Action

All suitable habitats for the 18 Sensitive plant species were surveyed within the treatment area, and no individuals were observed. The botanical surveys for the project were conducted during the time of year that is appropriate for viewing the typical development of all 18 Sensitive plant species (FNA 1993; Morefield 2001; CNPS 2014; Calflora 2016; Gauna 2016; JFP 2016).

9.3.1 Modoc Plateau Milkvetch (Astragalus pulsiferae var. coronensis)

According to the MDF, no known occurrences of Modoc Plateau milkvetch are located within the treatment area (USFS 2016b). The project would have no impact on Modoc Plateau milkvetch.

9.3.2 Moonworts (Botrychium spp.)

Upswept moonwort, scalloped moonwort, common moonwort, Mingan moonwort, western goblin, and northwestern moonwort are Sensitive moonwort species (Botrychium spp.) with suitable habitat within the treatment area. According to the MDF Rare Plant Database, no known occurrences of these six moonwort species are located within the treatment area (USFS 2016b). The small size of moonworts and their ability to remain dormant for several years often allow these ferns to be overlooked (Johnson-Groh and Lee 2002). Therefore, the project may impact individuals but is not likely to cause a trend in federal listing or loss of viability for these six species.

9.3.3 Bolander’s Moss (Bruchia bolanderi)

According to the MDF Rare Plant Database, no known occurrences of Bolander’s moss are located within the treatment area, and the nearest occurrence is approximately 21 miles north-northeast of the treatment area (USFS 2016b). Bolander’s moss is not highly competitive, and disturbance appears to provide suitable substratum for successful spore growth and development, and bruchia mosses (Bruchia spp.) are suggested to be pioneer species in early stages of succession (Harpel 2008). Therefore,

21 Joseph Creek Botany BE.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT BOTANY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION the disturbance associated with the Proposed Action may promote the establishment of Bolander’s moss. Overall, the project would have no impact on this species.

9.3.4 Buxbaumia Moss (Buxbaumia viridis)

According to the MDF Rare Plant Database, no known occurrences of Buxbaumia moss are located within the treatment area, and the nearest occurrence is approximately 0.6 mile east of the treatment area (USFS 2016b). The small size of this moss often allow it to be overlooked. Therefore, the project may impact individuals but is not likely to cause a trend in federal listing or loss of viability for Buxbaumia moss.

9.3.5 Mountain Lady’s-Slipper (Cypripedium montanum)

According to the MDF Rare Plant Database, no known occurrences of mountain lady’s-slipper are located within the treatment area, and the nearest occurrence is approximately three miles east of the treatment area (USFS 2016b). The project would have no impact on this species.

9.3.6 Buckwheats (Eriogonum spp.)

Prostrate buckwheat and Warner Mountains buckwheat are two Sensitive buckwheat species with suitable habitat within the treatment area. According to the MDF, no known occurrences of these two buckwheat species are located within the treatment area. The nearest known occurrence of prostrate buckwheat is approximately 2.5 miles east of the treatment area, while the nearest known occurrence of Warner Mountains buckwheat is approximately 1.5 miles east of the treatment area (USFS 2016b). The project would have no impact on these two species.

9.3.7 Warner Mountains Bedstraw (Galium serpenticum ssp. warnerense)

No known occurrences of Warner Mountains bedstraw are located within the treatment area, and the nearest occurrence is approximately 19 miles north of the treatment area (USFS 2016b). Therefore, the project would have no impact on this species.

9.3.8 Blandow’s Bog Moss (Helodium blandowii)

No known occurrences of Blandow’s bog moss are located within the MDF (USFS 2016b). The small size of this moss often allow it to be overlooked. Therefore, the project may impact individuals but is not likely to cause a trend in federal listing or loss of viability for this species.

9.3.9 Bearded Lupine (Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus)

No known occurrences of bearded lupine are located within the MDF (USFS 2016b). The project would have no impact on this species.

9.3.10 Broad-Nerved Hump-Moss (Meesia uliginosa)

No known occurrences of broad-nerved hump-moss are located within the treatment area, and the nearest known occurrence is located approximately one mile east of the treatment area (USFS 2016b). The project may impact individuals but is not likely to cause a trend in federal listing or loss of viability for this species.

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9.3.11 Ephemeral Monkeyflower (Mimulus evanescens)

No known occurrences of ephemeral monkeyflower are located within the treatment area with the nearest known occurrence located approximately six miles west of the treatment area (USFS 2016b). The project would have no impact on this species.

9.3.12 Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis)

No known occurrences of whitebark pine are located within the treatment area with the nearest known occurrence located approximately one mile east of the treatment area (USFS 2016b). This Sensitive tree species is easily identifiable at all life stages throughout the year, as it is an evergreen coniferous tree. Therefore, the possibility of overlooking individuals or population of whitebark pine during the botanical surveys is unlikely. For these reasons, the project would have no impact on this species.

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10 REFERENCES

Calflora. 2016. The Calflora Database. Berkeley, California. Available online at: https://www.calflora.org/. Accessed December 20, 2016.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2016. California Natural Diversity Database. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Sacramento, California. Available online at: https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/CNDDB. Accessed January 18, 2017.

California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2001. CNPS Botanical Survey Guidelines. Sacramento, California. Three pages. Available online at: http://www.cnps.org/cnps/ rareplants/pdf/cnps_survey_guidelines.pdf. Accessed September 8, 2017.

California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2014. Rare and Endangered Plant Inventory. Online edition, v8-02. Rare Plant Program. Sacramento, California. Available online at: http://www.rareplants.cnps.org/. Accessed December 20, 2016.

Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). 1969. National Environmental Policy Act. Department of Energy, Council on Environmental Quality. Washington, D.C. Available online at: https://ceq.doe.gov/. Accessed on February 15, 2017.

Dillingham, C. 2005. Conservation Assessment for Meesia triquetra (L.) Aongstr. (Three-Ranked Hump- Moss) and Meesia unliginosa Hedwig (Broad-Nerved Hump-Moss) in California with a Focus on the Sierra Nevada Bioregion. Version 1.2. May 3, 2015. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Vegetation Management Solutions (VMS) Team. Quincy, California. 29 pages.

Fryer, J.L. 2002. Pinus albicaulis. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available online at: https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/ tree/pinalb/all.html. Accessed January 19, 2017.

Flora of North America (FNA). 1993. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 20+ volumes. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Editors). New York, New York, United States of America and Oxford, South East England, United Kingdom. Available online at: http://floranorthamerica.org/. Accessed December 20, 2016.

Gauna, F. 2016. Modoc National Forest Listed Species and Noxious Weeds - February 29, 2016. Modoc National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Alturas, California. 15 pages.

Harpel, J.A. 2008. Species Fact Sheet. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 6 (Pacific Northwest). Portland, Oregon. Seven pages.

Harpel, J.A. and L. Hoover. 2006. Conservation Assessment for Buxbaumia viridis (DC.) Moug. & Nestl. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, California Region. September 2006. Vallejo, California. 18 pages.

Huff, R. 2009. Species Fact Sheet. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 6 (Pacific Northwest). Portland, Oregon. Four pages.

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Jepson Flora Project (JFP) (Editors). 2016. Jepson eFloras. University of California, Berkeley. Berkeley, California. Available online at: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/. Accessed December 20, 2016.

Johnson-Groh, C.L. and J.L. Lee. 2002. Phenology and demography of two species of Botrychium (Ophioglossaceae). American Journal of Botany 89(10): 1624-1633.

Morefield, J.D. 2001. Nevada Rare Plant Atlas. Nevada Natural Heritage Program, Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Carson City, Nevada. Available online at: http://heritage.nv.gov/atlas. Accessed December 20, 2016.

NatureServe. 2015. NatureServe Explorer. Version 7.1. Arlington, Virginia. Available online at: http://explorer.natureserve.org/. Accessed December 20, 2016.

Perkins, D.L. 2017. Ecology. Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Foundation. Available online at: http://whitebarkfound.org/ecology-management/41-2/. Accessed January 19, 2017.

Seevers J. and F. Lang. 1998. Management Recommendations for Mountain Lady’s-Slipper (Cypripedium montanum Douglas ex Lindley). Version 2.0. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 6 (Pacific Northwest) and United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Oregon and Washington. December 1998. Portland, Oregon. 22 pages. Available online: https://www.blm.gov/or/plans/ surveyandmanage/MR/VascularPlants/section10.htm. Accessed February 15, 2017.

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2016. The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, North Carolina. Available online at: https://plants.usda.gov/java/. Accessed January 27, 2017.

United States Forest Service (USFS). 1976. National Forest Management Act. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, D.C. 13 pages. Available online at: https://www.fs.fed.us/emc/nfma/includes/NFMA1976.pdf. Accessed February 15, 2017.

______. 1991. Modoc National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Modoc National Forest. Alturas, California. 384 pages. Available online at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/main/modoc/ landmanagement/planning. Accessed February 15, 2017.

______. 2005. Forest Service Manual (FSM). Chapter 2670 - Threatened and Endangered, and Sensitive Plants and Animals. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Washington, D.C. 22 pages. Available online at: https://www.fs.fed.us/cgi-bin/Directives/get_dirs/fsm?2600. Accessed February 15, 2017.

______. 2010. Modoc National Fire History Database. ArcGIS database. Modoc National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Alturas, California.

______. 2013. Forest Service (FS) Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Regional Forester’s 2013 Sensitive Species List. Pacific Southwest Region, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Vallejo, California. 15 pages. Available online at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/main/r5/plants-animals. Accessed February 15, 2017.

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______. 2014. Vegetation Classification & Mapping. Pacific Southwest Region, United States Forest Service. Available online at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r5/landmanagement/ resourcemanagement/?cid=stelprdb5347192. Accessed January 18, 2017.

______. 2016a. Modoc National Forest Hydrography Database. ArcGIS database. Modoc National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Alturas, California.

______. 2016b. Modoc National Forest Rare Plant Database. ArcGIS database. Modoc National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Alturas, California.

______. 2017a. Decision Memorandum - Joseph Creek Forest Health Project. Modoc National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Alturas, California. Manuscript in preparation.

______. 2017b. Biological Assessment for Federally-Listed Threatened, Endangered, and Proposed Botanical Species for Joseph Creek Forest Health Project. Modoc National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Alturas, California. Manuscript in preparation.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1973. Endangered Species Act. Department of the Interior, United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington, D.C. Available online at: https://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/esa.html. Accessed February 15, 2017.

______. 2016. IPaC Information for Planning and Conservation. The Environmental Conservation Online System (ECOS), United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Department of the Interior. Falls Church, Virginia. Available online at: https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/. Accessed January 18, 2017.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USFWS and NOAA). 2008. 50 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 402 - Interagency Cooperation - Endangered Species Act of 1973, as Amended; Final Rule. October 1, 2008 Edition. Department of the Interior, United States Fish and Wildlife Service and Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Washington, D.C. 19 pages. Available online at: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/laws/sec7regs.pdf. Accessed September 14, 2017.

Wilson, P. (Editor). 2017. California Moss eFlora. University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California. Available online at: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/CA_moss_eflora/. Accessed January 31, 2017.

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APPENDIX A

FIGURE

JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT

¯

Analysis Area Figure 1: Project Location Treatment Area

0 0.5 1 2 3 Miles H. Guenther 1:55,008 August 28, 2017

APPENDIX B

FEDERALLY- AND REGIONALLY-LISTED PLANT SPECIES DESCRIPTION TABLE FOR THE MDF

Federally- and Regionally-Listed Plant Species for Modoc National Forest

USDA CRP 1 Global 2/ Name Phenological Periods 4 Habitat Code Rank State 3 Rank ENDANGERED Tuctoria greenei Vernal pools and swales (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). TUGR 1B.1 G1/S1 (May-Sept.) (Greene's tuctoria) (JFP 2016) Elevations: < 3,445 feet (JFP 2016) THREATENED Orcuttia tenuis Vernal pools and swales (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). ORTE 1B.1 G2/S2 (May-Oct.) (Slender Orcutt grass) (JFP 2016) Elevations: 85 - 5,760 feet (USFS 2011) SENSITIVE 5 Arid flats in or near juniper-sagebrush (Juniperus spp. - Artemisia spp.) steppe or upper montane yellow pine (i.e., ponderosa pine [Pinus ponderosa] and/or Jeffrey pine [Pinus jeffreyi]) woodlands. Spongy, ash-gravel aggregate overlying semi-exposed bedrock. Well-drained, loose soils often only a few centimeters deep (Gauna 2016). Gravelly, volcanic soils among pines (Pinus spp.) and sagebrush (JFP 2016).

Astragalus anxius Associations: big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata); western juniper ASAN18 1B.3 G1/S1 (June-July) (Ash Valley milkvetch) (JFP 2016) (Juniperus occidentalis); prostrate buckwheat (Eriogonum prociduum); silverleaf phacelia (Phacelia hastata); whitestem blazingstar (Mentzelia albicaulis); ballhead ipomopsis (Ipomopsis congesta); woolly groundsel (Packera cana); Ash Creek ivesia (Ivesia paniculata); curveseed butterwort (Ceratocephala testiculata); pale madwort (Alyssum alyssoides) (Gauna 2016)

Elevations: 4,725 - 5,450 feet (Gauna 2016) Great Basin and sagebrush scrub, usually in wetlands (e.g., alkaline Astragalus lemmonii meadows, lake shores, seeps, marshes, and swamps) (Gauna 2016). ASLE6 1B.2 G2/S2 (May-July) (Lemmon's milkvetch) (JFP 2016) Moist, alkaline meadows and lake shores (JFP 2016).

Elevations: 3,075 - 9,520 feet (Gauna 2016) Loose, often rocky, volcanic soils composed of sandy silt friable at the surface and hard-packed beneath among basalt cobble and gravel. Great Basin scrub, lower montane coniferous forests, and piñon- Astragalus pulsiferae var. juniper (Pinus spp. - Juniperus spp.) woodlands (Gauna 2016). Sandy coronensis ASPUC5 4.2 G4T3/S3 (May-July) or gravelly soils, often with juniper, pine(s) (Pinus spp.), and (JFP 2016) sagebrush (JFP 2016). (Modoc Plateau milkvetch) Associations: Western juniper, big sagebrush, bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), and yellow pine (Gauna 2016)

Elevations: 4,100 - 6,200 feet (Gauna 2016) USDA CRP 1 Global 2/ Name Phenological Periods 4 Habitat Code Rank State 3 Rank Mesic landscapes in lower montane yellow pine forests. Open habitats in coniferous woodlands near streams, grassy fields, meadows, fens, and creek banks. Moist soils on shady, north-facing slopes (Gauna 2016). Moist meadows and open woodlands near streams or seeps (JFP 2016). In grassy fields, widely scattered (FNA 1993). Botrychium ascendens BOAS2 2B.3 G3/S2 May-(May-Aug.) Associations: Starry false lily of the valley (Maianthemum stellatum); (Upswept moonwort) (FNA 1993; Morefield 2001) western columbine (Aquilegia formosa) (Gauna 2016); scalloped moonwort (Botrychium crenulatum); common moonwort (Botrychium lunaria); and Mingan moonwort (Botrychium minganense) (FNA 1993)

Elevations: 4,575 - 10,500 feet (Gauna 2016) Fens, meadows, seeps, freshwater marshes, and swamps in lower montane yellow pine forests. In saturated soils of seeps and along stabilized margins of small streams among dense herbaceous Botrychium crenulatum vegetation, partly to heavily shaded. One of the most hydrophilic of BOCR 2B.2 G3/S2 Apr.-(June-Sept.)-Sept. (Scalloped moonwort) (FNA 1993; CNPS 2013) the genus (Gauna 2016). Saturated hard water seeps and stream margins (JFP 2016).

Association: little grapefern (Botrychium simplex) (FNA 1993)

Elevations: 4,920 - 11,820 feet (Gauna 2016) Fields, meadows, and seeps in upper montane to subalpine coniferous forests. Moist but well-drained soils with neutral pH levels. At high elevations, in open to lightly wooded meadows or sparsely vegetated Botrychium lunaria scree slopes. At low elevations, in mesic woodlands, meadows, and BOLU 2B.3 G5/S2 Apr.-(Aug.)-Sept. (Common moonwort) (FNA 1993; Calflora 2016) sparsely vegetated sand dunes (Gauna 2016). Moist meadows (JFP 2016). Grows with other moonworts (Botrychium spp.) and occasionally hybridizes with them (FNA 1993).

Elevations: 7,475 - 11,150 feet (Gauna 2016) Streamsides, wet or dry meadows, and fens in dense or open lower or upper, montane yellow pine forests. Associated with disturbances Botrychium minganense over ten years old and open sun to dense herbaceous cover BOMI 2B.2 G4G5/S2 Apr.-(June-Sept.) (Mingan moonwort) (FNA 1993; Calflora 2016) (Gauna 2016). Meadows and open forests along streams or around seeps (JFP 2016).

Elevations: 4,925 - 10,170 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) Montane yellow pine forests among incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). Saturated, wet landscapes (e.g., fens, meadows, riparian corridors, and seeps). Moist soils with high mineral and/or organic matter (often Cupressaceous leaf litter) content under incense cedar. Botrychium montanum BOMO 2B.1 G3/S2 Apr.-(June-Sept.)-Sept. Low elevations to subalpine communities (Gauna 2016). Shady (Western goblin) (FNA 1993; Calflora 2016) conifer woodlands, especially under incense cedar along streams (JFP 2016).

Association: incense cedar (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016)

Elevations: 5,800 - 9,190 feet (Gauna 2016) USDA CRP 1 Global 2/ Name Phenological Periods 4 Habitat Code Rank State 3 Rank Grassy fields, shrubby slopes, meadows, and seeps in montane red fir (Abies magnifica), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and yellow pine forests (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). Moist grassy landscapes in open Botrychium pinnatum forests and meadows near streams and other locations where soil BOPI 2B.3 G4?/S2 June-(July-Oct.) (FNA 1993; Calflora 2016) moisture is constant (Gauna 2016). (Northwestern moonwort) Associations: lanceleaf grapefern (Botrychium lanceolatum) and common moonwort (FNA 1993)

Elevations: 5,800 - 9,190 feet (Gauna 2016) Montane lodgepole pine forests, subalpine and alpine meadows, and streamlet banks in meadows. Forms large colonies in openings on moist, disturbed soils with organic content; and occurs individually Bruchia bolanderi among grasses. In shade to full sun. Takes advantage of disturbed sites BRBO2 4.2 G3/S3? (June-Aug.) (FNA 1993) with minimal competition (Gauna 2016). (Bolander's moss) Associations: Aulacomnium moss (Aulacomnium palustre) and pohlia moss (Pohlia spp.) (Gauna 2016)

Elevations: 5,575 - 9,200 feet (Gauna 2016) Buxbaumia viridis Rotting, decorticated wood (i.e., logs and stumps) or humus banks in BUVI2 2B.2 G4G5/S1 (Aug.-Oct.) (Buxbaumia moss) (FNA 1993) subalpine coniferous forest (FNA 1993; Gauna 2016). Grassy meadows, openings, and drainages in lower montane yellow pine forests or Great Basin scrub. On heavy clay or possibly sandy Calochortus longebarbatus var. soils at the margins of seasonally wet meadows and along grassy longebarbatus CALOL 1B.2 G4T3/S3 (June-Aug.) (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) streamlet banks, often on the edge of pine forests (Gauna 2016). (Long-haired star-tulip) Heavy clay soils in vernal meadows (FNA 1993; JFP 2016).

Elevations: 2,950 - 6,250 feet (Gauna 2016) Volcanic talus, alpine boulder/rock fields, closed-cone coniferous Collomia larsenii (June-Sept.) forests, subalpine coniferous forests, and upper montane forests COLA8 2B.2 G4/S2 (Calflora 2016; Gauna 2016; (Talus collomia) (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). JFP 2016) Elevations: 7,300 - 11,485 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) Open, moist lower montane yellow pine or mixed evergreen and/or coniferous forests on dry mountain slopes; and alpine meadows Cypripedium montanum (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). In communities with 60 to 80 percent CYMO2 4.2 G4/S4 (Mar.-June) (Mountain lady's-slipper) (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) canopy closure from full sun on eastern mountain slopes to full shade in moist wooded valleys (Gauna 2016).

Elevations: 600 - 7,300 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) Dry, rocky, barren, volcanic slopes and flats within upper montane sagebrush-juniper woodlands to Jeffrey pine forests, and possibly Eriogonum prociduum (May-July) among lodgepole pine and/or red fir forests. Very sparsely vegetated ERPR9 1B.2 G3/S3 (FNA 1993; Gauna 2016; JFP landscapes with shallow soils among basalt flows (Gauna 2016). Clay (Prostrate buckwheat) 2016) soils (JFP 2016).

Elevations: 4,250 - 8,875 feet (FNA 1993; Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) USDA CRP 1 Global 2/ Name Phenological Periods 4 Habitat Code Rank State 3 Rank Montane yellow pine, red fir and lodgepole pine forests on sand or Eriogonum umbellatum var. (July-Sept.) gravel soils (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). Sandy to gravelly slopes in glaberrimum ERUMG 1B.3 G5T2?/S2 (FNA 1993; Gauna 2016; JFP sagebrush shrublands and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) (Warner Mountains buckwheat) 2016) stands, and montane coniferous woodlands (FNA 1993).

Elevations: 4,250 - 8,875 feet (FNA 1993; Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) Great Basin scrub near pine-white fir (Pinus spp. - Abies concolor) Galium glabrescens ssp. forests. On gravelly slopes under the edges of rocks and talus. modocense GAGLM 1B.2 G4T3/S3 (June-Aug.) (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) Volcanic talus (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). (Modoc bedstraw) Elevations: 5,076 - 9,300 feet (Gauna 2016) Subalpine coniferous woodlands, juniper and piñon-juniper Galium serpenticum ssp. woodlands, meadows, and seeps. On gravelly slopes, scree, and talus. G4G55T2T3/ warnerense GASEW 1B.2 (June-July) At the bases of rock outcrops, among rocks, and in road cuts S2 (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) (Warner Mountains bedstraw) (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016).

Elevations: 4,750 - 9,025 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) Hydric soils in open or wooded fens and muskegs, along streams and edges of swamp forests, at wet tree bases on hummocks in peat bogs, Helodium blandowii HEBL2 2B.3 G5/S1 (Apr.-May) tundra benches, and gravel bars of creeks (FNA 1993). On damp soils (Blandow's bog moss) (FNA1993) in meadows, seeps, and subalpine coniferous forests (CNPS 2014).

Elevations: 6,105 - 8,860 feet (CNPS 2014) Open sagebrush scrub somewhat near upper montane juniper-Jeffrey pine woodlands or possibly lodgepole pine or red fir forests. On low, open volcanic ridges; exposed volcanic mounds; barren, shallow, rocky or gravelly soils; and open gravelly flats (Gauna 2016). Shallow, rocky soils in open sagebrush (JFP 2016).

Associations: granite prickly ( pungens); sulphur- flower buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum); Blue Mountain Ivesia paniculata IVPA 1.B2 G2/S2 (May-July) buckwheat (Eriogonum strictum); silverleaf phacelia; spearleaf (Ash Creek ivesia) (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) stonecrop (Sedum lanceolatum); oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor); spreading phlox (Phlox diffusa); wallflower phoenicaulis (Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides); stemless mock goldenweed (Stenotus acaulis); mountain monardella (Monardella odoratissima); doublet ( howellii); and goldenbush (Ericameria spp.) (Gauna 2016)

Elevations: 4,925 - 6,400 feet (Gauna 2016) Gravelly or rocky openings in Great Basin scrub and lower montane Lomatium roseanum LORO7 1B.2 G2G3/S2 (May-July) coniferous forests (CNPS 2014). (Adobe lomatium) (CNPS 2014) Elevations: 6,800 - 7,400 feet (CNPS 2014) Wet places in mesic upper montane coniferous forest (Gauna 2016; Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus LULAB 1B.1 G5T1T2/S1 (June-July) JFP 2016). (Bearded lupine) (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) Elevations: 4,920 - 8,205 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) USDA CRP 1 Global 2/ Name Phenological Periods 4 Habitat Code Rank State 3 Rank Upper montane coniferous forests, meadows, fens, seeps, and damp Meesia uliginosa MEUL70 2B.2 G4/S3 (July-Oct.) soils (Gauna 2016). (Broad-nerved hump-moss) (Gauna 2016) Elevations: 4,250 - 8,200 feet (Gauna 2016) Sagebrush or Great Basin scrub, lower montane yellow pine or coniferous forests, and piñon-juniper woodlands (CNPS 2014; Gauna 2016). Among rock fragments and alongside small boulders in moist, heavy gravel that is inundated in spring. Often near the edge of reservoirs, on fluctuating banks of intermittent streams or pools, and along streambanks (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). Vernally mesic, gravelly or rocky habitats (CNPS 2014). Mimulus evanescens MIEV 1B.2 G2/S2 (May-Aug.) (Ephemeral monkeyflower) (CNPS 2014; Gauna 2016) Associations: big sagebrush; western juniper; manyflowered monkeyflower (Mimulus floribundus); fleshy porterella (Porterella carnosula); giant blue eyed Mary ( grandiflora); maiden blue eyed Mary (Collinsia parviflora); false monkeyflower (Mimetanthe pilosa); rareflower heterocodon (Hetercodon rariflorum); and calicoflower (Downingia spp.)

Elevations: 4,000 - 5,575 feet (Gauna 2016) Sagebrush or Great Basin scrub, lower montane yellow pine or coniferous forests, and playas (CNPS 2014; Gauna 2016). Clay soils Phacelia inundata (May-Aug.) PHIN3 1B.3 G2/S2 (Calflora 2016; Gauna 2016; in landscapes inundated in early spring. Alkaline or subalkaline sinks, (Playa phacelia) JFP 2016) flats, playas, and dry lake margins (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016).

Elevations: 4,265 - 6,565 feet (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) Subalpine coniferous and upper red-fir forests to timberline, and on rocky outcrops (Gauna 2016). Upper red-fir forests to timberline, Pinus albicaulis PIAL N/A G3/SNR (April-May) Evergreen especially subalpine forests (JFP 2016). On thin, rocky, cold soils at (Whitebark pine) (Calflora 2016) or near timberline in montane forests (FNA 1993).

Elevations: 6,560 - 12,140 (Gauna 2016; JFP 2016) Alkaline meadows (JFP 2016). Moist, subalkaline meadows in shrub Potentilla basaltica steppe (FNA 1993). Alkaline, sandy, and volcanic meadows and seeps POBA6 1B.3 G1/S1 (May-Aug.) (Black Rock potentilla) (JFP 2016) (CNPS 2014).

Elevations: 4,460 - 5,105 feet (CNPS 2014) USDA CRP 1 Global 2/ Name Phenological Periods 4 Habitat Code Rank State 3 Rank Mesic western juniper woodlands. In cyclically moist areas, generally along rivers and seasonal riverbeds; drying slopes of shallow lakes; meadows, seeps, playas, alkali sinks, mud flats of old lake shores; and other vernally wet landscapes near water’s edge. In gravelly soils and pumice sand among volcanic boulders and away from competing Rorippa columbiae (June-Aug.) species in open, high-light locations (Gauna 2016). Streambanks, ROCO3 1B.2 G3/S1 (FNA 1993; Gauna 2016; ditches lake and pond margins, meadows, wet fields, roadsides, and (Columbia yellow cress) JFP 2016) gravel bars (FNA 1993; JFP 2016).

Associations: woollyheads (Psilocarphus spp.); popcornflower (Plagiobothrys spp.); knotweed (Polygonum spp.); and rush ( spp.) (Gauna 2016)

Elevations: 3,280 - 5,900 feet (Gauna 2016) Great Basin and/or sagebrush scrub, desert shrub communities, Thelypodium howellii ssp. (May-July) alkaline meadows, seeps, and flats (FNA 1993; CNPS 2014; howellii THHOH 1B.2 G2T2/S2 (FNA 1993: Gauna 2016; Gauna 2016; JFP 2016). (Howell's thelypodium) JFP 2016) Elevations: 3,280 - 5,850 feet (Gauna 2016) 1 CRP (California Rare Plant) Ranks from CNPS (California Native Plant Society) (2014) 1A: Plants presumed extinct in California 1B: Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere 2A: Plants presumed extirpated in California but more common elsewhere 2B: Plants, rare, threatened, or endangered in California but more common elsewhere 3: Plants that need more information (i.e., review list species) 4: Plants of limited distribution (i.e., watch list species) 0.1: Seriously threatened in California (i.e., over 80% of occurrences threatened / high degree and immediacy of threat) 0.2: Fairly threatened in California (i.e., 20% - 80% occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat) 0.3: Not very threatened in California (i.e., less than 20% of occurrences threatened / low degree and immediacy of threat or no current threats known)

2 Global Ranks from NatureServe (2015) G1: Critically Imperiled - at very high risk of extinction due to extreme rarity (i.e., often 5 or fewer populations), very steep declines, or other factors G2: Imperiled - at high risk of extinction due to very restricted range, very few populations (i.e., often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors G3: Vulnerable - at moderate risk of extinction due to a restricted range, relatively few populations (i.e., often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors G4: Apparently Secure - Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors G5: Demonstrably Secure - Common; widespread and abundant T: ‘T’ denotes the condition of the subspecies, while ‘G’ denotes the condition of the species

3 State Ranks from NatureServe (2015) S1: Critically Imperiled - due to extreme rarity (i.e., often 5 or fewer occurrences) or some factor(s) such as very steep declines making it especially vulnerable to extirpation from the state/province S2: Imperiled - because of rarity due to very restricted range, very few populations (i.e., often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors making it very vulnerable to extirpation from the nation or state/province S3: Vulnerable - due to restricted range, relatively few populations (i.e., often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation S4: Apparently Secure - Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors S5: Secure - Common; widespread, and abundant in the state

4 Emergence, Bloom/ Reproductive, &/or Senescence Period(s) - Formatted as Emergence-(Bloom or Reproductive Period)-Senescence [example: April-(May-August)-October]

5 Sensitive species from the 2013 FS R5 Sensitive Plant Species List (USFS 2013)

REFERENCES:

Calflora. 2016. The Calflora Database. Berkeley, California. Available online at: http://www.calflora.org. Accessed December 20, 2016.

California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2014. Rare and Endangered Plant Inventory. Online edition, v8-02. Rare Plant Program. Sacramento, California. Available online at: http://www.rareplants.cnps.org/. Accessed December 20, 2016.

Flora of North America (FNA). 1993. Floras of North America North of Mexico. 20+ volumes. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Editors). New York, New York, United States of America and Oxford, South East England, United Kingdom. Available online at: http://floranorthamerica.org/. Accessed December 20, 2016.

Gauna, F. 2016. Modoc National Forest Listed Species and Noxious Weeds - February 29, 2016. Modoc National Forest, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Alturas, California. 15 pages.

Jepson Flora Project (JFP) (Editors). 2016. Jepson eFloras. University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California. Available online at: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html. Accessed December 20, 2016.

NatureServe. 2016. NatureServe Explorer. Version 7.1. Arlington, Virginia. Available online at: http://explorer.natureserve.org. Accessed December 20, 2016.

United States Forest Service (USFS). 2011. Conservation Strategy for Orcuttia Tenuis. Version 1.1. April 11, 2011. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Lassen National Forest and Modoc National Forest and Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Alturas Field Office. Vallejo, California. Available online at: http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/r5/plants-animals. Accessed December 20, 2016.

______. 2013 Forest Service (FS) Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Regional Forester’s 2013 Sensitive Species List. Pacific Southwest Region, United States Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Vallejo, California. Available online at: http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/r5/plants-animals. Accessed December 20, 2016.

APPENDIX C

UNITED STATES FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE DATA RESPONSE

United States Department of the Interior

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office 1936 CALIFORNIA AVENUE KLAMATH FALLS, OR 97601 PHONE: (541)885-8481 FAX: (541)885-7837

Consultation Code: 08EKLA00-2017-SLI-0034 January 27, 2017 Event Code: 08EKLA00-2017-E-00056 Project Name: Joseph Creek Project

Subject: List of threatened and endangered species that may occur in your proposed project location, and/or may be affected by your proposed project

To Whom It May Concern:

The enclosed species list identifies threatened, endangered, proposed, and candidate species, as well as designated and proposed critical habitat that may occur within the boundary of your proposed project and/or may be affected by your proposed project. The species list fulfills the requirements of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) under section 7(c) of the Endangered Species Act (Act) of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). For anadromous fish species (i.e., salmon), please contact the National Marine Fisheries Service at http://www.westcoast.fisheries.noaa.gov/protected_species/species_list/species_lists.html.

Under sections 7(a)(1) and 7(a)(2) of the Act and its implementing regulations (50 CFR 402 et seq.), Federal agencies are required to utilize their authorities to carry out programs for the conservation of threatened and endangered species and to determine whether projects may affect threatened and endangered species and/or designated critical habitat. These provisions apply to non-Federal lands when there is a Federal nexus (e.g., funding or permits).

New information based on updated surveys, changes in the abundance and distribution of species, changed habitat conditions, or other factors could change this list. Please feel free to contact us if you need more current information or assistance regarding the potential impacts to federally threatened, endangered, proposed, and candidate species and federally designated and proposed critical habitat. Please note that under 50 CFR 402.12(e) of the regulations implementing section 7 of the Act, the accuracy of this species list should be verified after 90 days. This verification can be completed formally or informally as desired. The Service recommends that verification be completed by visiting the ECOS-IPaC website at regular intervals during project planning and implementation for updates to species lists and information. An updated list may be requested through the ECOS-IPaC system by completing the same process used to receive the enclosed list. Please be aware that bald and golden eagles are protected under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668 et seq.; http://www.fws.gov/midwest/eagle/protect/laws.html). The Service developed the National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines ( http://www.fws.gov/northeast/ecologicalservices/eaglenationalguide.html) to provide guidance on measures that may be used to avoid and minimize adverse impacts to bald eagles. Projects affecting bald or golden eagles may require development of an eagle conservation plan ( http://www.fws.gov/windenergy/eagle_guidance.html). Additionally, wind energy projects should follow the wind energy guidelines (http://www.fws.gov/windenergy/) for minimizing impacts to migratory birds, including bald and golden eagles, and bats.

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703-712; http://www.fws.gov/midwest/eagle/protect/laws.html) implements protections for migratory birds. Guidance for minimizing impacts to migratory birds for projects including communications towers (e.g., cellular, digital television, radio, and emergency broadcast) can be found at: http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/CurrentBirdIssues/Hazards/towers/towers.htm; http://www.towerkill.com; and http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/CurrentBirdIssues/Hazards/towers/comtow.html.

We appreciate your concern for threatened and endangered species. The Service encourages Federal agencies to include conservation of threatened and endangered species into their project planning to further the purposes of the Act. Please include the Consultation Tracking Number in the header of this letter with any correspondence about your project that you submit to our office.

For projects in California, the office shown in the letterhead may not be the lead office for your project. Table 1 below provides lead Service field offices by county and land ownership/project type for northern California. Please refer to this table when you are ready to contact the field office corresponding to your project; a map and contact information for the Pacific Southwest Region field offices is located here: http://www.fws.gov/cno/es/.

Table 1: Lead Service offices by County and Ownership/Program in Northern California

County Ownership/Program Office Lead*

Modoc National Forest KFFWO

Lassen National Forest SFWO

Toiyabe National Forest RFWO

BLM Surprise and Eagle Lake Resource Areas RFWO Lassen

2 BLM Alturas Resource Area KFFWO

Lassen Volcanic National Park SFWO

By jurisdiction All other ownerships (see map)

Modoc National Forest KFFWO

BLM Alturas Resource Area KFFWO

Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuge Complex KFFWO Modoc

BLM Surprise and Eagle Lake Resource Areas RFWO

By jurisdiction All other ownerships (see map)

Shasta Trinity National Forest except Hat Creek Ranger District YFWO (administered by Lassen National Forest)

Hat Creek Ranger District SFWO

Whiskeytown National Recreation Area YFWO

Shasta BLM Alturas Resource Area KFFWO

Caltrans SFWO/AFWO

Ahjumawi Lava Springs State Park SFWO

3 By jurisdiction All other ownerships (see map)

Klamath National Forest YFWO (except Ukonom District)

Six Rivers National Forest and Ukonom District of Klamath National AFWO Forest

Shasta Trinity National Forest YFWO

Lassen National Forest SFWO

Siskiyou Modoc National Forest KFFWO

Lava Beds National Volcanic Monument KFFWO

BLM Alturas Resource Area KFFWO

Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuge Complex KFFWO

By jurisdiction All other ownerships (see map)

By jurisdiction All FERC-ESA (see map)

*Office Leads:

AFWO=Arcata Fish and Wildlife Office

BDFWO=Bay Delta Fish and Wildlife Office

4 KFFWO=Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office

RFWO=Reno Fish and Wildlife Office

YFWO=Yreka Fish and Wildlife Office

Attachment

5 United States Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service

Project name: Joseph Creek Project

Official Species List

Provided by: Klamath Falls Fish and Wildlife Office 1936 CALIFORNIA AVENUE KLAMATH FALLS, OR 97601 (541) 885-8481

Consultation Code: 08EKLA00-2017-SLI-0034 Event Code: 08EKLA00-2017-E-00056

Project Type: LAND - RESTORATION / ENHANCEMENT

Project Name: Joseph Creek Project Project Description: Modoc National Forest, Warner Mountain Ranger District

Please Note: The FWS office may have modified the Project Name and/or Project Description, so it may be different from what was submitted in your previous request. If the Consultation Code matches, the FWS considers this to be the same project. Contact the office in the 'Provided by' section of your previous Official Species list if you have any questions or concerns.

http://ecos.fws.gov/ipac, 01/27/2017 01:02 PM 1 United States Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service

Project name: Joseph Creek Project

Project Location Map:

Project Coordinates: MULTIPOLYGON (((-120.35041809082033 41.682399615789706, - 120.35007476806642 41.56768317090462, -120.26802062988283 41.564600721867755, - 120.26836395263673 41.68291242979092, -120.26733398437501 41.70752269548983, - 120.33153533935548 41.70649745576231, -120.33119201660158 41.68265602330117, - 120.35041809082033 41.682399615789706)))

Project Counties: Modoc, CA

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Project name: Joseph Creek Project

Endangered Species Act Species List

There are a total of 6 threatened, endangered, or candidate species on your species list. Species on this list should be considered in an effects analysis for your project and could include species that exist in another geographic area. For example, certain fish may appear on the species list because a project could affect downstream species. Critical habitats listed under the Has Critical Habitat column may or may not lie within your project area. See the Critical habitats within your project area section further below for critical habitat that lies within your project. Please contact the designated FWS office if you have questions.

Birds Status Has Critical Habitat Condition(s)

Yellow-Billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus Threatened Proposed americanus) Population: Western U.S. DPS

Conifers and Cycads

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) Candidate Population: Wherever found

Flowering Plants

Greene's tuctoria (Tuctoria greenei) Endangered Final designated Population: Wherever found

Slender Orcutt grass (Orcuttia tenuis) Threatened Final designated Population: Wherever found

Mammals

Gray wolf (Canis lupus) Endangered Population: U.S.A.: All of AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, IA, IN, IL, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NV, NY, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, VT, WI, and WV; and portions of AZ, NM,

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Project name: Joseph Creek Project

OR, UT, and WA. Mexico.

North American wolverine (Gulo gulo Proposed luscus) Threatened Population: Wherever found

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Project name: Joseph Creek Project

Critical habitats that lie within your project area There are no critical habitats within your project area.

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Project name: Joseph Creek Project

Appendix A: FWS National Wildlife Refuges and Fish Hatcheries

There are no refuges or fish hatcheries within your project area.

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Project name: Joseph Creek Project

Appendix B: FWS Migratory Birds

The protection of birds is regulated by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA). Any activity, intentional or unintentional, resulting in take of migratory birds, including eagles, is prohibited unless otherwise permitted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (50 C.F.R. Sec. 10.12 and 16 U.S.C. Sec. 668(a)). The MBTA has no otherwise lawful activities. For more information regarding these Acts see: http://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations/laws-legislations/migratory-bird-treaty-act.php http://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations/laws-legislations/bald-and-golden-eagle-protection-act.php

All project proponents are responsible for complying with the appropriate regulations protecting birds when planning and developing a project. To meet these conservation obligations, proponents should identify potential or existing project-related impacts to migratory birds and their habitat and develop and implement conservation measures that avoid, minimize, or compensate for these impacts. The Service's Birds of Conservation Concern (2008) report identifies species, subspecies, and populations of all migratory nongame birds that, without additional conservation actions, are likely to become listed under the Endangered Species Act as amended (16 U.S.C 1531 et seq.).

For information about Birds of Conservation Concern, go to: http://www.fws.gov/birds/management/managed-species/birds-of-conservation-concern.php

For information about conservation measures that help avoid or minimize impacts to birds, please visit: http://www.fws.gov/birds/management/project-assessment-tools-and-guidance/conservation-measures.php

To search and view summaries of year-round bird occurrence data within your project area, go to the Avian Knowledge Network Histogram Tools at: http://www.fws.gov/birds/management/project-assessment-tools-and-guidance/akn-histogram-tools.php

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Project name: Joseph Creek Project

Migratory birds that may be affected by your project: There are 24 birds on your migratory bird list. The list may include birds occurring outside this FWS office jurisdiction.

Species Name Bird of Seasonal Occurrence in Project Area Conservation Concern (BCC)

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) Yes Year-round

Black Rosy-Finch (Leucosticte atrata) Yes Year-round

Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri) Yes Breeding

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) Yes Breeding

Calliope Hummingbird (Stellula calliope) Yes Breeding

Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) Yes Breeding

Flammulated owl (Otus flammeolus) Yes Breeding

Fox Sparrow (Passerella liaca) Yes Breeding

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus Yes Year-round urophasianus)

Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilo chlorurus) Yes Breeding

Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) Yes Year-round

Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) Yes Year-round

Long-Billed curlew (Numenius Yes Breeding americanus)

Olive-Sided flycatcher (Contopus Yes Breeding cooperi)

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) Yes Year-round

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Project name: Joseph Creek Project

Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus Yes Year-round cyanocephalus)

Rufous hummingbird (selasphorus rufus) Yes Breeding

Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus) Yes Breeding

Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) Yes Year-round

Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) Yes Breeding

Swainson's hawk (Buteo swainsoni) Yes Breeding

Western grebe (aechmophorus Yes Breeding occidentalis)

White-headed Woodpecker (Picoides Yes Year-round albolarvatus)

Williamson's Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus Yes Year-round thyroideus)

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Project name: Joseph Creek Project

Appendix C: NWI Wetlands

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is the principal Federal agency that provides information on the extent and status of wetlands in the U.S., via the National Wetlands Inventory Program (NWI). In addition to impacts to wetlands within your immediate project area, wetlands outside of your project area may need to be considered in any evaluation of project impacts, due to the hydrologic nature of wetlands (for example, project activities may affect local hydrology within, and outside of, your immediate project area). It may be helpful to refer to the USFWS National Wetland Inventory website. The designated FWS office can also assist you. Impacts to wetlands and other aquatic habitats from your project may be subject to regulation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, or other State/Federal Statutes. Project Proponents should discuss the relationship of these requirements to their project with the Regulatory Program of the appropriate U.S. Army Corps of Engineers District.

The Service's objective of mapping wetlands and deepwater habitats is to produce reconnaissance level information on the location, type and size of these resources. The maps are prepared from the analysis of high altitude imagery. Wetlands are identified based on vegetation, visible hydrology and geography. A margin of error is inherent in the use of imagery; thus, detailed on-the-ground inspection of any particular site may result in revision of the wetland boundaries or classification established through image analysis.

The accuracy of image interpretation depends on the quality of the imagery, the experience of the image analysts, the amount and quality of the collateral data and the amount of ground truth verification work conducted. Metadata should be consulted to determine the date of the source imagery used and any mapping problems.

Wetlands or other mapped features may have changed since the date of the imagery and/or field work. There may be occasional differences in polygon boundaries or classifications between the information depicted on the map and the actual conditions on site.

Exclusions - Certain wetland habitats are excluded from the National mapping program because of the limitations of aerial imagery as the primary data source used to detect wetlands. These habitats include seagrasses or submerged aquatic vegetation that are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and nearshore coastal waters. Some deepwater reef communities (coral or tuberficid worm reefs) have also been excluded from the inventory. These habitats, because of their depth, go undetected by aerial imagery.

Precautions - Federal, state, and local regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over wetlands may define and describe wetlands in a different manner than that used in this inventory. There is no attempt, in either the design or products of

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Project name: Joseph Creek Project this inventory, to define the limits of proprietary jurisdiction of any Federal, state, or local government or to establish the geographical scope of the regulatory programs of government agencies. Persons intending to engage in activities involving modifications within or adjacent to wetland areas should seek the advice of appropriate federal, state, or local agencies concerning specified agency regulatory programs and proprietary jurisdictions that may affect such activities.

The following NWI Wetland types intersect your project area in one or more locations. To understand the NWI Classification Code, see https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/wetlands/decoder. To view the National Wetlands Inventory on a map go to http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.html.

Wetland Types NWI Classification Code

Freshwater Emergent Wetland PEMC

Freshwater Emergent Wetland PEMA

Freshwater Emergent Wetland PEMF

Freshwater Emergent Wetland PEMAh

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland PSSC

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland PFOA

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland PFOC

Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetland PSSA

Freshwater Pond PABGh

Freshwater Pond PABFh

Other PUSA

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APPENDIX D

FLORAL COMPENDIUM

JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT APPENDIX D: FLORAL COMPENDIUM

Floral Compendium for the Joseph Creek Forest Health Project

Species Family Form 1 USDA Code Scientific Name Common Name Adoxaceae SANIC5 Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea blue elderberry SH/TR Alliaceae ALAC4 acuminatum tapertip onion PF Alliaceae ALCA2 Allium campanulatum dusky onion PF Alliaceae ALPL2 Allium platycaule broadstemmed onion PF HEMA80 Heracleum maximum cow parsnip PF Apiaceae LODIM Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum carrotleaf biscuitroot PF Apiaceae LONE Lomatium nevadense Nevada biscuitroot PF Apiaceae LONU2 Lomatium nudicaule barestem biscuitroot PF Apiaceae LOTR2 Lomatium triternatum nineleaf biscuitroot PF Apiaceae OSBE Osmorhiza berteroi sweet cicely PF Apiaceae OSOC Osmorhiza occidentalis western sweetroot PF Apiaceae PEOR6 Perideridia oregana Oregon yampah PF Apiaceae SAGR5 Sanicula graveolens northern sanicle PF Apocynaceae APAN2 Apocynum androsaemifolium bitter dogbane PF Apocynaceae ASSP Asclepias speciosa snowy milkweed PF ACMI2 Achillea millefolium common yarrow PF Asteraceae ADBI Adenocaulon bicolor trail plant PF Asteraceae AGOC2 Ageratina occidentalis western snakeroot PF/SS Asteraceae AGGLG Agoseris glauca var. glauca pale agoseris PF Asteraceae ANAR5 Antennaria argentea silver pussytoes PF Asteraceae ANLU2 Antennaria luzuloides rush pussytoes PF/SS Asteraceae ANRO2 Antennaria rosea rosy pussytoes PF Asteraceae ARCH3 Arnica chamissonis Chamisso arnica PF Asteraceae ARCO9 Arnica cordifolia heartleaf arnica PF Asteraceae ARAR8 low sagebrush SH Asteraceae ARDO3 Artemisia douglasiana mugwort PF Asteraceae ARLU Artemisia ludoviciana silver wormwood PF Asteraceae BASA3 Balsamorhiza sagittata arrowleaf balsamroot PF Asteraceae BLSC Blepharipappus scaber rough eyelashweed AF Asteraceae CHVI8 Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus yellow rabbitbrush SH Asteraceae CICY Cirsium cymosum peregrine thistle BF/PF Asteraceae CIOC Cirsium occidentale cobwebby thistle BF Asteraceae CISC2 Cirsium scariosum meadow thistle BF/PF Asteraceae CIVU Cirsium vulgare 3 bull thistle BF Asteraceae CRAC2 Crepis acuminata tapertip hawksbeard PF Asteraceae CROC Crepis occidentalis largeflower hawksbeard PF Asteraceae ERBL2 Ericameria bloomeri Bloomer's goldenbush SH Asteraceae ERNA10 rubber rabbitbrush SH Asteraceae ERBL bloomeri Bloomer's goldenbush PF

1 Appendix D Floral Compendium.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT APPENDIX D: FLORAL COMPENDIUM

Species Family Form 1 USDA Code Scientific Name Common Name Asteraceae EREAP2 Erigeron eatonii var. plantagineus Eaton's fleabane PF Asteraceae ERGL5 Erigeron glacialis subalpine fleabane PF Asteraceae ERIN2 Erigeron inornatus western rayless fleabane PF Erigeron philadelphicus var. Asteraceae ERPHP Philadelphia fleabane AF/PF philadelphicus Asteraceae ERPUI Erigeron pumilus var. intermedius shaggy fleabane PF Asteraceae ERLA6 Eriophyllum lanatum common woolly sunflower AF/PF Asteraceae GRNA Grindelia nana Idaho gumweed PF Asteraceae HIAL2 Hieracium albiflorum white hawkweed PF Asteraceae HISC2 Hieracium scouleri western hawkweed PF Asteraceae LASE Lactuca serriola 2 prickly lettuce AF Asteraceae MAGL2 Madia glomerata mountain tarweed AF Asteraceae ONAC Onopordum acanthium 3 Scotch thistle BF Asteraceae SEIN2 Senecio integerrimus lambstongue ragwort BF/PF Asteraceae SESES Senecio serra var. serra tall ragwort PF Asteraceae SETR Senecio triangularis arrowleaf ragwort PF Asteraceae SYFO2 Symphyotrichum foliaceum alpine leafybract aster PF Asteraceae TAOF Taraxacum officinale 2 common dandelion PF Asteraceae TRDU Tragopogon dubius 2 yellow salsify AF/BF Asteraceae WYMO mollis woolly mule-ears PF Berberidaceae BEAQR Berberis aquifolium var. repens creeping barberry SH CREC Cryptantha echinella prickly cryptantha AF Boraginaceae CRTO4 Cryptantha torreyana Torrey's cryptantha AF Boraginaceae HACA californica California stickseed PF Boraginaceae HAVE Hackelia velutina velvety stickseed PF Boraginaceae N/A Hydrophyllum alpestre alpine breeches PF Boraginaceae LIRU4 Lithospermum ruderale western stoneseed PF Boraginaceae NEPAA Nemophila parviflora var. ausiniae smallflower nemophila AF Boraginaceae PHHA Phacelia hastata silverleaf phacelia PF Boraginaceae PHHEV Phacelia heterophylla var. virgata varileaf phacelia BF/PF ALDE Alyssum desertorum 2 desert madwort AF Brassicaceae N/A pinetorum woodland rockcress PF Brassicaceae BOSP7 Boechera sparsiflora sicklepod rockcress BF/PF Brassicaceae BOST4 Boechera stricta Drummond's rockcress BF/PF Brassicaceae N/A Boechera suffrutescens woody rockcress PF Brassicaceae CABR6 Cardamine breweri Brewer's bittercress PF Brassicaceae DEIN5 incana mountain tansymustard BF Brassicaceae DEPI Descurainia pinnata western tansymustard AF Brassicaceae NAOF Nasturtium officinale 2 water cress PF NABR breweri Brewer's navarretia AF Polemoniaceae NADI3 Navarretia divaricata mountain navarretia AF Brassicaceae PHCH Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides wallflower phoenicaulis PF

2 Appendix D Floral Compendium.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT APPENDIX D: FLORAL COMPENDIUM

Species Family Form 1 USDA Code Scientific Name Common Name SYALL Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus snowberry SH Caprifoliaceae SYRO Symphoricarpos rotundifolius roundleaf snowberry SH Caryophyllaceae ERCO24 Eremogone congesta ballhead sandwort PF Caryophyllaceae PSJA2 Pseudostellaria jamesiana tuber starwort PF Caryophyllaceae SIDO Silene douglasii Douglas' catchfly PF Caryophyllaceae SIME Silene menziesii Menzies' catchfly PF Caryophyllaceae SIOR3 Silene oregana Oregon campion PF Chenopodiaceae CHAT Chenopodium atrovirens pinyon goosefoot AF Convolvulaceae CAOCO Calystegia occidentalis ssp. occidentalis chaparral false bindweed PF Cornaceae COSE16 Cornus sericea American dogwood SH/TR Crassulaceae SEST2 Sedum stenopetalum wormleaf stonecrop PF Cupressaceae JUOC Juniperus occidentalis western juniper TR CAAB2 abrupta abrupt-beaked sedge PG Cyperaceae CAAQ Carex aquatilis water sedge PG Cyperaceae CAAU3 Carex aurea golden sedge PG Cyperaceae CACA13 Carex capitata capitate sedge PG Cyperaceae CADO2 Carex douglasii Douglas' sedge PG Cyperaceae CAGE2 Carex geyeri Geyer's sedge PG Cyperaceae CAHE8 Carex heteroneura smooth-fruited sedge PG Cyperaceae CAHO5 Carex hoodii Hood's sedge PG Cyperaceae CAJO Carex jonesii Jones' sedge PG Cyperaceae CALU7 Carex luzulina woodrush sedge PG Cyperaceae CAMI7 Carex microptera small-winged sedge PG Cyperaceae CANE2 Carex nebrascensis Nebraska sedge PG Cyperaceae CAPA14 Carex pachystachya starry broomsedge PG Cyperaceae CAPE7 Carex petasata Liddon's sedge PG Cyperaceae CASH Carex sheldonii Sheldon's sedge PG Cyperaceae CAST7 Carex straminiformis Mount Shasta sedge PG Cyperaceae CASU6 Carex subfusca rusty broomsedge PG Cyperaceae CATU3 Carex tumulicola foothill sedge PG Cyperaceae CAWH Carex whitneyi Whitney's sedge PG Cyperaceae SCMI2 Scirpus microcarpus panicled bulrush PG Equisetaceae EQAR Equisetum arvense common horsetail AF Equisetaceae EQHYA Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine common scouring rush PF Equisetaceae EQLA Equisetum laevigatum smooth scouring rush AF/PF Ericaceae CHUM Chimaphila umbellata prince's pine PF Ericaceae PTAN2 Pterospora andromedea woodland pinedrops PF Ericaceae PYDE Pyrola dentata toothed wintergreen PF ACAM4 americanus American bird's-foot trefoil AF Fabaceae LALA3 Lathyrus lanszwertii Nevada pea PF Fabaceae LANEN3 Lathyrus nevadensis var. nevadensis Sierra pea PF

3 Appendix D Floral Compendium.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT APPENDIX D: FLORAL COMPENDIUM

Species Family Form 1 USDA Code Scientific Name Common Name Fabaceae LUAR3 Lupinus argenteus silvery lupine PF Fabaceae LUPOB3 Lupinus polyphyllus var. burkei largeleaf lupine PF Fabaceae TRCY Trifolium cyathiferum bowl AF Fabaceae TRLO Trifolium longipes long-stalked clover PF Fabaceae TRPR2 Trifolium pretense 2 red clover PF Fabaceae TRRE3 Trifolium repens 2 white clover PF Gentianaceae FRSP Frasera speciosa monument plant PF Grossulariaceae RICE Ribes cereum wax currant SH Grossulariaceae RIIN2 Ribes inerme white-stemmed gooseberry SH Grossulariaceae RIVE Ribes velutinum desert gooseberry SH Grossulariaceae RIVI3 Ribes viscosissimum sticky currant SH Hypericaceae HYAN2 Hypericum anagalloides tinker's penny AF/PF Iridaceae SIID Sisyrinchium idahoense Idaho blue-eyed-grass PF JUBA mountain rush PG Juncaceae JUCO2 Juncus confusus Colorado rush PG Juncaceae JUEN Juncus ensifolius dagger rush PG Juncaceae JUNE Juncus nevadensis Sierra rush PG Juncaceae LUPA4 parviflora smallflowered woodrush PG Juncaceae LUSU7 Luzula subcongesta Donner woodrush PG Lamiaceae AGUR Agastache urticifolia nettleleaf giant hyssop PF Lamiaceae PRVUL2 Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata lance selfheal PF Lamiaceae SAAE Salvia aethiopis 3 Mediterranean sage BF Lemnaceae LEMNA Lemna sp. duckweed PF CAMA5 Calochortus macrocarpus sagebrush mariosa lily PF Liliaceae FRAT Fritillaria atropurpurea spotted fritillary PF Liliaceae FRPU2 Fritillaria pudica yellow fritillary PF Malvaceae MAPA5 Malva parviflora 2 cheeseweed AF Malvaceae SIOR Sidalcea oregana Oregon checkerbloom PF TOPA5 paniculatum foothill deathcamas PF Melanthiaceae TOVE2 Toxicoscordion venenosum meadow deathcamas PF Melanthiaceae VECAC2 Veratrum californicum var. californicum California false hellebore PF Montiaceae CLPE Claytonia perfoliata miner's lettuce AF Chamerion angustifolium ssp. CHANC fireweed PF circumvagum Onagraceae CIALP2 Circaea alpina ssp. pacifica small enchanter's nightshade PF Onagraceae CLRH Clarkia rhomboidea diamond clarkia AF Onagraceae EPBR3 brachycarpum tall annual willowherb AF Onagraceae EPCI Epilobium ciliatum fringed willowherb PF Onagraceae EPGL Epilobium glaberrimum glaucus willowherb PF Onagraceae GADI2 Gayophytum diffusum spreading groundsmoke AF Orchidaceae PLDIL Platanthera dilatata var. leucostachys white-flowered bog-orchid PF CAAP4 Castilleja applegatei wavyleaf Indian paintbrush PF

4 Appendix D Floral Compendium.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT APPENDIX D: FLORAL COMPENDIUM

Species Family Form 1 USDA Code Scientific Name Common Name Orobanchaceae CATE26 Castilleja tenuis hairy Indian paintbrush AF Orobanchaceae ORFA Orobanche fasciculata clustered broomrape AF Orobanchaceae ORCUC2 cuspidatus ssp. cryptanthus cryptantha owl's-clover AF Orobanchaceae PESE2 Pedicularis semibarbata pinewoods lousewort PF Paeoniaceae PABR Paeonia brownii Brown's peony PF Phrymaceae MIGU Mimulus guttatus seep monkeyflower AF/PF Phrymaceae MILE2 Mimulus lewisii purple monkeyflower PF Phrymaceae MIMO3 Mimulus moschatus musk monkeyflower PF Pinaceae ABCO Abies concolor white fir TR Pinaceae PIJE Pinus jeffreyi Jeffrey pine TR Pinaceae PILA Pinus lambertiana sugar pine TR Pinaceae PIPO Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine TR COPA3 Collinsia parviflora blue-eyed Mary AF Plantaginaceae PEGR4 Penstemon gracilentus slender penstemon PF Plantaginaceae PELA7 Penstemon laetus mountain blue penstemon PF Plantaginaceae PERYO Penstemon rydbergii var. oreocharis herbaceous penstemon PF Plantaginaceae VEAM2 Veronica americana American brooklime PF Plantaginaceae VESEH2 Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa brightblue speedwell PF Poaceae ALPR3 Alopecurus pratensis 2 meadow foxtail PG Poaceae BRBR5 Bromus briziformis 2 rattlesnake chess AG Poaceae BRCA5 Bromus carinatus California brome PG Poaceae BRIN2 Bromus inermis 2 smooth brome PG Poaceae BRJA Bromus japonicas 2 Japanese chess AG Poaceae BRSU2 Bromus suksdorfii Suksdorf's brome PG Poaceae BRTE 2 cheat grass/cheatgrass AG Poaceae CACA4 Calamagrostis canadensis bluejoint PG Poaceae DACA3 Danthonia californica California oat grass PG Poaceae DAUN Danthonia unispicata one-spike oat grass PG Poaceae DEEL Deschampsia elongata slender hair grass PG Poaceae ELEL5 squirreltail PG Poaceae ELGL Elymus glaucus blue wild-rye PG Poaceae ELHI6 Elymus hispidus 2 intermediate wheatgrass PG Poaceae ELSP3 Elymus spicatus blue bunch wheat grass PG Poaceae FEID Festuca idahoensis Idaho fescue PG Poaceae KOMA Koeleria macrantha June grass PG Poaceae MUFI2 Muhlenbergia filiformis pullup muhly AG Poaceae PHPR3 Phleum pretense 2 cultivated timothy PG Poaceae POBU Poa bulbosa 2 bulbous bluegrass PG Poaceae POCO Poa compressa 2 Canadian blue grass PG Poaceae POLE2 Poa leptocoma marsh bluegrass PG Poaceae POPRP2 Poa pratensis ssp. pratensis 2 Kentucky blue grass PG

5 Appendix D Floral Compendium.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT APPENDIX D: FLORAL COMPENDIUM

Species Family Form 1 USDA Code Scientific Name Common Name Poaceae POSE Nevada blue grass PG Poaceae STNE4 Stipa nevadensis Nevada needle grass PG Poaceae STOC2 Stipa occidentalis western needlegrass PG Poaceae TOPAP3 Torreyochloa pallida var. pauciflora weak manna grass PG Poaceae VEDU Ventenata dubia 2 North Africa grass AG Polemoniaceae ALIN3 Allophyllum integrifolium white false gilyflower AF Polemoniaceae COGR4 large-flowered collomia AF Polemoniaceae LEHA11 harknessii Harkness' flaxflower AF Polemoniaceae MIGR Microsteris gracilis slender phlox AF Polemoniaceae NASI2 Navarretia sinistra Alva Day's pincushionplant AF Polemoniaceae PHDI3 Phlox diffusa spreading phlox PF EREL5 Eriogonum elatum tall woolly buckwheat PF Polygonaceae ERMI4 Eriogonum microthecum slender buckwheat SH Polygonaceae ERNU3 Eriogonum nudum naked buckwheat PF Polygonaceae ERSP6 Eriogonum spergulinum spurry buckwheat AF Polygonaceae ERUM Eriogonum umbellatum sulphur flower PF/SH Polygonaceae PODO4 Polygonum douglasii Douglas' knotweed AF Polygonaceae RUAC3 Rumex acetosella 2 sheep sorrel PF Polygonaceae RUCA8 Rumex californicus toothed willow dock PF Polygonaceae RUCR Rumex crispus 2 curly dock PF Ranunculaceae AQFO Aquilegia formosa western columbine PF Ranunculaceae DEAN Delphinium andersonii Anderson's larkspur PF Ranunculaceae DENU2 Delphinium nuttallianum twolobe larkspur PF Ranunculaceae RAOC Ranunculus occidentalis western buttercup PF Ranunculaceae RAOR3 Ranunculus orthorhynchus straightbeak buttercup PF Ranunculaceae RAUN Ranunculus uncinatus woodland buttercup PF Ranunculaceae THFEF Thalictrum fendleri var. fendleri Fendler's meadow-rue PF Rhamnaceae CEPR Ceanothus prostratus prostrate ceanothus SH Rhamnaceae CEVE Ceanothus velutinus snowbrush ceanothus SH/TR AMUT Amelanchier utahensis Utah service-berry SH/TR Rosaceae CELE3 Cercocarpus ledifolius curl-leaf mountain-mahogany SH/TR Rosaceae DRGL7 Drymocallis glandulosa sticky cinquefoil PF Rosaceae GEAL3 Geum aleppicum yellow avens PF Rosaceae GEMA4 Geum macrophyllum large-leaved avens PF Rosaceae GETR Geum triflorum old man's whiskers PF Rosaceae HODI Holodiscus discolor oceanspray SH Rosaceae POGR9 Potentilla gracilis slender cinquefoil PF Rosaceae POAN16 Poteridium annuum western burnet PF Rosaceae PREM Prunus emarginata bitter cherry SH/TR Rosaceae PRVID Prunus virginiana var. demissa western choke cherry SH/TR Rosaceae PUTR2 Purshia tridentata bitterbrush SH

6 Appendix D Floral Compendium.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT APPENDIX D: FLORAL COMPENDIUM

Species Family Form 1 USDA Code Scientific Name Common Name Rosaceae ROWO Rosa woodsii Woods' rose SH Rosaceae SOSC2 Sorbus scopulina Rocky Mountain ash SH GAAP2 Galium aparine goose grass/stickywilly AF Rubiaceae GATR2 Galium trifidum threepetal bedstraw PF Rubiaceae GATR3 Galium triflorum sweet-scented bedstraw PF Rubiaceae KEGA Kelloggia galioides milk kelloggia PF Ruscaceae MARA7 Maianthemum racemosum feathery false lily of the valley PF Ruscaceae MAST4 Maianthemum stellatum starry false lily of the valley PF Salicaeae POTR5 Populus tremuloides quaking aspen TR Salicaeae SALA5 Salix lasiandra Pacific willow SH/TR Salicaeae SALE Salix lemmonii Lemmon's willow SH Salicaeae SAPR3 Salix prolixa MacKenzie's willow SH Salicaeae SASC Salix scouleriana Scouler's willow SH/TR HECY2 cylindrica roundleaf alumroot PF Saxifragaceae LIPA5 Lithophragma parviflorum smallflower woodland-star PF Saxifragaceae PEPE16 Pectiantia pentandra fivestamen miterwort PF Scrophulariaceae VETH Verbascum thapsus 2 woolly mullein BF Solanaceae CHNA3 Chamaesaracha nana dwarf chamaesaracha PF Themidaceae TRHY3 Triteleia hyacinthina white brodiaea PF Urticaceae URDI Urtica dioica stinging nettle PF Valerianaceae PLMA4 Plectritis macrocera longhorn plectritis AF Valerianaceae VACA2 californica California valerian PF Violaceae VIAD Viola adunca hookedspur violet PF Violaceae VINE Viola nephrophylla Leconte violet PF Violaceae VIMA2 Viola macloskeyi MacLoskey's violet PF Violaceae VIPR3 Viola praemorsa canary violet PF Violaceae VIPU4 Viola purpurea goosefoot violet PF Woodsiaceae CYFR2 Cystopteris fragilis brittle bladderfern PF 1 Plant form acronym definitions: AF: Annual Forb AG: Annual Grass BF: Biennial Forb PF: Perennial Forb PG: Perennial Grass SS: Subshrub SH: Shrub TR: Tree 2 Exotic/Introduced/Naturalized species 3 California noxious weed (CDFA 2015) * The plant families, scientific names, common names, and forms are referenced in the JFP (2017). When common names and/or forms are not included in the JFP (2017), the USDA (2017) is referenced. The USDA (2017) assigns the USDA codes.

7 Appendix D Floral Compendium.docx