DOCSLIB.ORG

Biological Evaluation for Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Sensitive Botanical Species For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION FOR PACIFIC SOUTHWEST REGION (R5) SENSITIVE BOTANICAL SPECIES FOR JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT MODOC NATIONAL FOREST WARNER MOUNTAIN RANGER DISTRICT September 14, 2017 Prepared by: Heidi Guenther 9.14.2017 Heidi Guenther, Forest Botanist Date Modoc National Forest BOTANY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 1 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2 3 Proposed Project and Description ....................................................................................... 2 3.1 Purpose and Need ........................................................................................................... 2 3.2 Proposed Action.............................................................................................................. 2 3.3 Environmental Setting ................................................................................................... 2 4 Species Considered and Species Evaluated ........................................................................ 4 5 Analysis Process and Affected Environment ...................................................................... 4 5.1 Analysis Process.............................................................................................................. 4 6 Consultation........................................................................................................................... 7 7 Surveys ................................................................................................................................... 8 8 Species Information for Sensitive Plants ............................................................................ 8 9 Effects Analysis and Determinations for Sensitive Plants............................................... 18 9.1 Direct and Indirect Effects of the Proposed Action .................................................. 18 9.2 Cumulative Effects of the Proposed Action ............................................................... 19 9.3 Determinations of the Proposed Action ..................................................................... 21 10 References ............................................................................................................................ 24 TABLES Table 1: Summary Determinations for Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Sensitive Plant Species with Potential Habitat in the Treatment Area ............................................. 1 Table 2: Vegetation Communities in the Proposed Treatment Area ..................................... 3 Table 3: Summary of the Pre-Field Analysis for the MDF R5 Sensitive Plant Species ........ 4 Table 4: Past Actions Producing Ground Disturbance within the Treatment Area over the Last 30 Years .............................................................................................................. 19 APPENDICES Appendix A: Figure Appendix B: Federally- and Regionally-Listed Plant Species Description Table for the MDF Appendix C: United States Fish and Wildlife Service Data Response Appendix D: Floral Compendium i Joseph Creek Botany BE.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT BOTANY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Pre-field analysis indicated no potential habitat within the treatment area for the following Forest Service (FS) Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Sensitive plant species: Ash Valley milkvetch (Astragalus anxius); Lemmon’s milkvetch (Astragalus lemmonii); long-haired star-tulip (Calochortus longebarbatus var. longebarbatus); talus collomia (Collomia larsenii); Modoc bedstraw (Galium glabrescens ssp. modocense); Ash Creek ivesia (Ivesia paniculata); adobe lomatium (Lomatium roseanum); playa phacelia (Phacelia inundata); Black Rock potentilla (Potentilla basaltica); Columbia yellow cress (Rorippa columbiae); and Howell’s thelypodium (Thelypodium howellii ssp. howellii). Therefore, the project would have no impact on these 11 plant species. Potential habitat within the treatment area for the following FS R5 Sensitive plant species was surveyed, and no occurrences were observed: Modoc Plateau milkvetch (Astragalus pulsiferae var. coronensis); upswept moonwort (Botrychium ascendens); scalloped moonwort (Botrychium crenulatum); common moonwort (Botrychium lunaria); Mingan moonwort (Botrychium minganense); western goblin (Botrychium montanum); northwestern moonwort (Botrychium pinnatum); Bolander’s moss (Bruchia bolanderi); Buxbaumia moss (Buxbaumia viridis); mountain lady’s-slipper (Cypripedium montanum); prostrate buckwheat (Eriogonum prociduum); Warner Mountains buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum var. glaberrimum); Warner Mountains bedstraw (Galium serpenticum ssp. warnerense); Blandow’s bog moss (Helodium blandowii); bearded lupine (Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus); broad-nerved hump-moss (Meesia uliginosa); ephemeral monkeyflower (Mimulus evanescens); and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). The determinations for these 18 Sensitive plant species as related to the Proposed Action are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Summary Determinations for Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Sensitive Plant Species with Potential Habitat in the Treatment Area Species Present in Proposed Scientific Name Common Name Treatment Area Action Astragalus pulsiferae var. coronensis Modoc Plateau milkvetch No NI Botrychium ascendens Upswept moonwort No MINT Botrychium crenulatum Scalloped moonwort No MINT Botrychium lunaria Common moonwort No MINT Botrychium minganense Mingan moonwort No MINT Botrychium montanum Western goblin No MINT Botrychium pinnatum Northwestern moonwort No MINT Bruchia bolanderi Bolander’s moss No MINT Buxbaumia viridis Buxbaumia moss No MINT Cypripedium montanum Mountain lady’s-slipper No NI Eriogonum prociduum Prostrate buckwheat No NI Eriogonum umbellatum var. glaberrimum Warner Mountains buckwheat No NI Galium serpenticum ssp. warnerense Warner Mountains bedstraw No NI Helodium blandowii Blandow’s bog moss No MINT Lupinus latifolius var. barbatus Bearded lupine No NI Meesia uliginosa Broad-nerved hump-moss No MINT Mimulus evanescens Ephemeral monkeyflower No NI Pinus albicaulis Whitebark pine No NI MINT: May impact individuals but is not likely to cause a trend toward federal listing or loss of viability (May Impact, Not likely to Trend). NI: No Impact 1 Joseph Creek Botany BE.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT BOTANY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION 2 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this Biological Evaluation (BE) is to identify the likely effects of the Proposed Action to Forest Service (FS) Sensitive species. This BE conforms to the legal requirements set forth under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) (19 U.S.C. 1536 (c), 50 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 402.12 (f), and 402.14 (c)) (USFWS and NOAA 2008), and Forest Service Manual direction (FSM 2672.42) (USFS 2005). Current management direction on desired future conditions for Sensitive species on the Modoc National Forest (MDF) can be found in the following documents: • Forest Service Manual and Handbooks (FSM/H 2670) (USFS 2005) • National Forest Management Act (NFMA) (USFS 1976) • Endangered Species Act (ESA) (USFWS 1973) • National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (CEQ 1969) • MDF Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) (USFS 1991) • Forest Service (FS) Pacific Southwest Region (R5) Regional Forester’s 2013 Sensitive Species List (USFS 2013) 3 PROPOSED PROJECT AND DESCRIPTION This section summarizes the proposed project. For further details about the project, please consult the Decision Memorandum (USFS 2017a). 3.1 Purpose and Need The purpose of the Proposed Action is to restore forest health, vigor, and resiliency within forest stands. In concordance with this purpose, there is a need for fuel load reduction in order to reduce the risk of stand-level mortality from insect infestation, disease, and/or wildfire. 3.2 Proposed Action The Proposed Action involves the implementation of forest health improvement and fuels reduction activities on approximately 2,870 acres within the Joseph Creek Forest Health Project analysis area through the use of standard forest harvesting operations and prescribed burning treatments. The project is located approximately 11.5 miles northeast of the town of Alturas, California in Modoc County, California and occurs along the Warner Mountains on lands administered by the MDF Warner Mountain Ranger District (RD). The proposed treatments will occur in portions of Township 43 North, Range 14 East (T43N, R14E); T43N, R15E; T44N, R15E; and T45N, R14E, Mount Diablo Base and Meridian (treatment area). Figure 1 in Appendix A delineates the locations of the analysis area and treatment area for the project. 3.3 Environmental Setting The proposed treatment area occurs along the foothills and mountains of the western slope of the Warner Mountains at elevations between 5,264 to 7,686 feet. The vegetation communities, along with their associated acreages, within the treatment area are listed in Table 2 below. Descriptions of the four largest vegetation communities, according to the USFS R5 Classification and Assessment with Landsat of 2 Joseph Creek Botany BE.docx JOSEPH CREEK FOREST HEALTH PROJECT BOTANY BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION Visible Ecological Groupings (CALVEG) classification system (USFS 2014), are provided in the paragraphs below. Table 2: Vegetation Communities in
Recommended publications
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny

    Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny

    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
  • Chapter Vii Table of Contents

    Chapter Vii Table of Contents

    CHAPTER VII TABLE OF CONTENTS VII. APPENDICES AND REFERENCES CITED........................................................................1 Appendix 1: Description of Vegetation Databases......................................................................1 Appendix 2: Suggested Stocking Levels......................................................................................8 Appendix 3: Known Plants of the Desolation Watershed.........................................................15 Literature Cited............................................................................................................................25 CHAPTER VII - APPENDICES & REFERENCES - DESOLATION ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS i VII. APPENDICES AND REFERENCES CITED Appendix 1: Description of Vegetation Databases Vegetation data for the Desolation ecosystem analysis was stored in three different databases. This document serves as a data dictionary for the existing vegetation, historical vegetation, and potential natural vegetation databases, as described below: • Interpretation of aerial photography acquired in 1995, 1996, and 1997 was used to characterize existing (current) conditions. The 1996 and 1997 photography was obtained after cessation of the Bull and Summit wildfires in order to characterize post-fire conditions. The database name is: 97veg. • Interpretation of late-1930s and early-1940s photography was used to characterize historical conditions. The database name is: 39veg. • The potential natural vegetation was determined for each polygon in the analysis
  • Atlas of the Flora of New England: Fabaceae

    Atlas of the Flora of New England: Fabaceae

    Angelo, R. and D.E. Boufford. 2013. Atlas of the flora of New England: Fabaceae. Phytoneuron 2013-2: 1–15 + map pages 1– 21. Published 9 January 2013. ISSN 2153 733X ATLAS OF THE FLORA OF NEW ENGLAND: FABACEAE RAY ANGELO1 and DAVID E. BOUFFORD2 Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2020 [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Dot maps are provided to depict the distribution at the county level of the taxa of Magnoliophyta: Fabaceae growing outside of cultivation in the six New England states of the northeastern United States. The maps treat 172 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids, but not forms) based primarily on specimens in the major herbaria of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, with most data derived from the holdings of the New England Botanical Club Herbarium (NEBC). Brief synonymy (to account for names used in standard manuals and floras for the area and on herbarium specimens), habitat, chromosome information, and common names are also provided. KEY WORDS: flora, New England, atlas, distribution, Fabaceae This article is the eleventh in a series (Angelo & Boufford 1996, 1998, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c) that presents the distributions of the vascular flora of New England in the form of dot distribution maps at the county level (Figure 1). Seven more articles are planned. The atlas is posted on the internet at http://neatlas.org, where it will be updated as new information becomes available. This project encompasses all vascular plants (lycophytes, pteridophytes and spermatophytes) at the rank of species, subspecies, and variety growing independent of cultivation in the six New England states.
  • National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation

    National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation

    National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation Project ID(s): R01Y19P01: Quinault Indian Nation, fiscal year 2019 Project area The project area (Figure 1) is restricted to the Quinault Indian Nation, bounded by Grays Harbor Co. Jefferson Co. and the Olympic National Park. Appendix A: USGS 7.5-minute Quadrangles: Queets, Salmon River West, Salmon River East, Matheny Ridge, Tunnel Island, O’Took Prairie, Thimble Mountain, Lake Quinault West, Lake Quinault East, Taholah, Shale Slough, Macafee Hill, Stevens Creek, Moclips, Carlisle. • < 0. Figure 1. QIN NWI+ 2019 project area (red outline). Source Imagery: Citation: For all quads listed above: See Appendix A Citation Information: Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Publication Date: 2017 Publication place: Salt Lake City, Utah Title: Digital Orthoimagery Series of Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Other_Citation_Details: 1-meter and 1-foot, Natural Color and NIR-False Color Collateral Data: . USGS 1:24,000 topographic quadrangles . USGS – NHD – National Hydrography Dataset . USGS Topographic maps, 2013 . QIN LiDAR DEM (3 meter) and synthetic stream layer, 2015 . Previous National Wetlands Inventories for the project area . Soil Surveys, All Hydric Soils: Weyerhaeuser soil survey 1976, NRCS soil survey 2013 . QIN WET tables, field photos, and site descriptions, 2016 to 2019, Janice Martin, and Greg Eide Inventory Method: Wetland identification and interpretation was done “heads-up” using ArcMap versions 10.6.1. US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) mapping contractors in Portland, Oregon completed the original aerial photo interpretation and wetland mapping. Primary authors: Nicholas Jones of SWCA Environmental Consulting. 100% Quality Control (QC) during the NWI mapping was provided by Michael Holscher of SWCA Environmental Consulting.
  • Palouse Forbs for Landscaping

    Palouse Forbs for Landscaping

    More Palouse Forbs for Landscaping. by David M. Skinner, Paul Warnick, Bill French, and Mary Fauci November, 2005 The following is an additional list of native forbs which may be found in the Palouse region. These forbs may be less suitable for the landscape because of growth habit, aggressiveness, difficulty in propagating and growing, rarity, or it simply may be that we haven’t yet tried to do anything with them. For a list of Palouse forbs which may be more suitable for landscaping and about which we have more information to share, please see “Characteristics and Uses of Native Palouse Forbs in Landscaping.” Nomenclature used in this document also follows Hitchcock, C. Leo, and Arthur Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Univ. of Washington Press. Seattle, WA. In order to facilitate searching for a particular species, we have included some common names and alternate scientific names, but this is by no means intended to be a comprehensive source of common names or synonyms. Detailed information on propagation of many native species can be found at <http://nativeplants.for.uidaho.edu/network/search.asp?SearchType=Continental> Agastache urticifolia is probably too large a plant for a small garden. Requires a moist site. Easy to grow from seed. Plants have a minty smell and a very interesting flower. Common names include nettle-leafed giant hyssop, horsemint. Agoseris grandiflora is not a particularly attractive plant, it looks rather like a weed. Short-lived and attracts rodents, which eat the taproot and kill the plants. Easy to grow from seed, which is wind-borne and goes everywhere.
  • Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park

    Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR—2010/347 ON THE COVER Mount Rainier and meadow courtesy of 2007 Mount Rainier National Park Vegetation Crew Vascular Plant Inventory of Mount Rainier National Park Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NCCN/NRTR—2010/347 Regina M. Rochefort North Cascades National Park Service Complex 810 State Route 20 Sedro-Woolley, Washington 98284 June 2010 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data.
  • Appendix 1. Species Summaries and Element Occurrence Records For

    Appendix 1. Species Summaries and Element Occurrence Records For

    Appendix 1. Species summaries and element occurrence records for Campanula uniflora, Cymopterus evertii, Descurainia torulosa Helictotrichon hookeri, Papaver kluanense, and Thalictrum alpinum in the Carter Mountain Area of Critical Environmental Concern UYC»4ING NATURAL DIVERSITY DATABASE - The Nature Conservancy Key to Selected Fields in the Element Occurrence Database SNAME - The scientific name, in Latin, used in Wyoming (may be different in another state). SCOMNAME - The common name used in Wyoming. GRANK - The global rank assigned by TNC's network of Heritage Programs, based on world-wide distribution and threats. Ranks vary from G1, very rare or greatly threatened, through GS, common and secure. SRANK- The state rank assigned by each state Heritage Program, based on distribution within the state. Again, these ranks vary from S1, very rare or threatened, through SS, common and secure. These ranks may be different from state to state depending on the range of the taxon in each state. WYPLANT L!Sl-- WYNDD maintains a state lis~ where plants of special concern in the state appear on List 1, High Priority (rare, threatened, or endangered), List 2, Medium Priority, or List 3, Low Priority. PRECISION - The degree of refinement for an occurrence when it is mapped on a USGS quad; S=within seconds, M=within minutes, G=general (somewhere on the cited quad). COUNTYNAME - The county where the occurrence is located. QUADNAME - The name of the USGS 7.5 minute quad. MARG NUM indicates the dot on the map at the WYNDD office. LAT, LONG - Central latitude and longitude of the location if known from mapping procedures.
  • APPENDIX D Biological Technical Report

    APPENDIX D Biological Technical Report

    APPENDIX D Biological Technical Report CarMax Auto Superstore EIR BIOLOGICAL TECHNICAL REPORT PROPOSED CARMAX AUTO SUPERSTORE PROJECT CITY OF OCEANSIDE, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: EnviroApplications, Inc. 2831 Camino del Rio South, Suite 214 San Diego, California 92108 Contact: Megan Hill 619-291-3636 Prepared by: 4629 Cass Street, #192 San Diego, California 92109 Contact: Melissa Busby 858-334-9507 September 29, 2020 Revised March 23, 2021 Biological Technical Report CarMax Auto Superstore TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 3 SECTION 1.0 – INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 6 1.1 Proposed Project Location .................................................................................... 6 1.2 Proposed Project Description ............................................................................... 6 SECTION 2.0 – METHODS AND SURVEY LIMITATIONS ............................................ 8 2.1 Background Research .......................................................................................... 8 2.2 General Biological Resources Survey .................................................................. 8 2.3 Jurisdictional Delineation ...................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Jurisdiction .................................................... 9 2.3.2 Regional Water Quality
  • Chromosome Numbers in the Polemoniaceae Representatives Of

    Chromosome Numbers in the Polemoniaceae Representatives Of

    1937 171 Chromosome Numbers in the Polemoniaceae By Walter S. Flory Division of Horticulture, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station This family is divided by systematists into two subfamilies. Cobaeoideae is composed of the genera Cantua, Huthia, and Cobaea which are tall shrubs, trees, or vines. The approximately fourteen other (herbaceous or low shrubby) genera comprise the subfamily Polemonioideae. From the standpoint of number of included species the most important of these latter genera are Gilia, Phlox, Polemo nium, and Collomia. The genera Phlox and Polemonium are each quite distinct and their species are seldom confused with those of other genera, but the remaining twelve genera of this subfamily apparently do not have taxonomic boundaries of equivalent distinctness. Certain species have been placed in one genus by one author, and in one or more different genera by others. The genus Gilia has been ex tended by some writers to include practically all species of the Polemonioideae outside of the genera Phlox and Polemonium. This was first pointed out to me by Professor Edgar T. Wherry who is making a taxonomic and geographic study of the Polemoniaceae, and was increasingly emphasized as literature sources and herbarium specimens were consulted and examined. It has been the purpose of the work herein presented to secure data on all obtainable polemoniaceous species with respect to chro mosome numbers, size, and general morphology. Especial attention has been given to securing information of significance from a taxono mic standpoint. Since several factors combine to make the immedi ate completion of the original program impossible it seems desirable, meanwhile, to present the accumulated data, together with suggested conclusions.
  • Griffith Park Rare Plant Survey

    Griffith Park Rare Plant Survey

    Cooper Ecological Monitoring, Inc. EIN 72-1598095 Daniel S. Cooper, President 5850 W. 3rd St. #167 Los Angeles, CA 90036 (323) 397-3562 [email protected] Griffith Park Rare Plant Survey Plummer's mariposa-lily Calochortus plummerae (CNPS 1B.2) blooms near Skyline Trail in the northeastern corner of Griffith Park, 26 May 2010 (ph. DSC). Prepared by: Daniel S. Cooper Cooper Ecological Monitoring, Inc. October 2010 1 Part I. Summary of Findings Part II (species accounts) begins after p. 26. We present information on extant occurrences of 15 special-status species, subspecies and/or varieties of vascular plants in Griffith Park and contiguous open space, including three for which no known local specimen existed prior to this study: slender mariposa-lily (Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis; CNPS 1B.2), Humboldt lily (Lilium humboldtii var. ocellatum; CNPS 4.2), and Hubby's phacelia (Phacelia hubbyi; CNPS 4.2). Using lists developed by local botanists, we document - from specimens or digital photographs - extant occurrences of nearly 40 additional plant taxa felt to be of conservation concern in the eastern Santa Monica Mountains, including 16 for which no prior specimen existed for the park or surrounding open space. We also identify several dozen taxa known from the specimen record but unconfirmed in the park in recent years. From this information, we discuss patterns of occurrence of rare plants in the park, drawing attention to "hotspots" for rare species diversity, such as Spring Canyon and Royce Canyon, and identify areas, particularly in the northeastern corner of the park and along the southeastern border, where rare plants are relatively poorly represented in the landscape.
  • Phylogeny of the Genus Lotus (Leguminosae, Loteae): Evidence from Nrits Sequences and Morphology

    Phylogeny of the Genus Lotus (Leguminosae, Loteae): Evidence from Nrits Sequences and Morphology

    813 Phylogeny of the genus Lotus (Leguminosae, Loteae): evidence from nrITS sequences and morphology G.V. Degtjareva, T.E. Kramina, D.D. Sokoloff, T.H. Samigullin, C.M. Valiejo-Roman, and A.S. Antonov Abstract: Lotus (120–130 species) is the largest genus of the tribe Loteae. The taxonomy of Lotus is complicated, and a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus is needed. We have conducted phylogenetic analyses of Lotus based on nrITS data alone and combined with data on 46 morphological characters. Eighty-one ingroup nrITS accessions represent- ing 71 Lotus species are studied; among them 47 accessions representing 40 species are new. Representatives of all other genera of the tribe Loteae are included in the outgroup (for three genera, nrITS sequences are published for the first time). Forty-two of 71 ingroup species were not included in previous morphological phylogenetic studies. The most important conclusions of the present study are (1) addition of morphological data to the nrITS matrix produces a better resolved phy- logeny of Lotus; (2) previous findings that Dorycnium and Tetragonolobus cannot be separated from Lotus at the generic level are well supported; (3) Lotus creticus should be placed in section Pedrosia rather than in section Lotea; (4) a broad treatment of section Ononidium is unnatural and the section should possibly not be recognized at all; (5) section Heineke- nia is paraphyletic; (6) section Lotus should include Lotus conimbricensis; then the section is monophyletic; (7) a basic chromosome number of x = 6 is an important synapomorphy for the expanded section Lotus; (8) the segregation of Lotus schimperi and allies into section Chamaelotus is well supported; (9) there is an apparent functional correlation be- tween stylodium and keel evolution in Lotus.
  • National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands

    National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands

    ;>\ ....--'. PB89-169940 BIOLOGICAL REPORT 88(26.9) MAY 1988 NATIONAL LIST OF PLANT SPECIES THAT OCCUR IN WETLANDS: . NORTHWEST (REGION 9) " h d W"ldl"f S· In Cooperation with the National and FIS an I I e ervlce Regional Interagency Review Panels U.S. Department of the Interior REPR~EDBY u.s. DEPARTMENTOF COMMERCE NATIONAL TECHNICAL ItEORMATJON SERVICE SPRINGFIELD. VA 22161 S02n-'Ol RE?ORT DOCUMENTATION 11. REPORT NO. PAG, iBioloqical Report 88(26.9) 4. TItle arld SUbtitle National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetiands: Northwe~t (Region 9). 7. Autllor(s) Porter B. Reed, Jr. 9. Perfonnlnc O,..nl.etton H..... • nd _ .... National Ecology Research Center U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 11. <:omncttC) or Gr.ntCG) No. Creekside One Bldg., 2627 Redwing Rd. Fort Collins, CO 80526-2899 CGl 12. SIlO....,.;n. O,..nlUtlon H_ .rld Acid.... 13. TYIMI of Repott & Period e-Nd Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Research and Development 14. Washington, DC 20240 The National list of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands represents the combined efforts of many biologists over the last decade to define the wetland flora of the United States. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service initially developed the list in order to provide an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (FWS/OBS 79/31) to assist in the field identification of wetlands. Plant species that occur in wetlands, as used in the National List, are defined as species that have demonstrated an ability to achieve maturity and reproduce in an environment where all or portions of the soil within the root zone become, periodically or continuously, saturated or inundated during the growing season.