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Draft Programmatic EIS for Fuels Reduction and Rangeland

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NATIONAL SYSTEM OF PUBLIC LANDS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. Department of the Interior March 2020 BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT Draft Programmatic EIS for Fuels Reduction and Rangeland Restoration in the Great Basin Volume 3: Appendices B through N Estimated Lead Agency Total Costs Associated with Developing and Producing this EIS $2,000,000 The Bureau of Land Management’s multiple-use mission is to sustain the health and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. The Bureau accomplishes this by managing such activities as outdoor recreation, livestock grazing, mineral development, and energy production, and by conserving natural, historical, cultural, and other resources on public lands. Appendix B. Acronyms, Literature Cited, Glossary B.1 ACRONYMS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Full Phrase ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation AML appropriate management level ARMPA Approved Resource Management Plan Amendment BCR bird conservation region BLM Bureau of Land Management BSU biologically significant unit CEQ Council on Environmental Quality EIS environmental impact statement EPA US Environmental Protection Agency ESA Endangered Species Act ESR emergency stabilization and rehabilitation FIAT Fire and Invasives Assessment Tool FLPMA Federal Land Policy and Management Act FY fiscal year GHMA general habitat management area HMA herd management area IBA important bird area IHMA important habitat management area MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act MOU memorandum of understanding MtCO2e metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NIFC National Interagency Fire Center NRCS National Resources Conservation Service NRHP National Register of Historic Places NWCG National Wildfire Coordination Group OHMA other habitat management area OHV off-highway vehicle Programmatic EIS for Fuels Reduction and Rangeland Restoration in the Great Basin B-1 B. Acronyms, Literature Cited, Glossary PAC priority area for conservation PEIS Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement PFYC Potential Fossil Yield Classification PHMA priority habitat management area PILT payment in lieu of taxes PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter, 10 and 2.5 microns or smaller RCA riparian conservation area RMP resource management plan RMPA resource management plan amendment ROD record of decision ROS Recreation Opportunity Spectrum RSC Recreation Setting Characteristics SHPO State Historic Preservation Office SOP standard operating procedure SRP special recreation permit TCP Traditional Cultural Property USDA United States Department of Agriculture USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service WFM wildland fire management WUI wildland-urban interface B-2 Programmatic EIS for Fuels Reduction and Rangeland Restoration in the Great Basin B. Acronyms, Literature Cited, Glossary B.2 LITERATURE CITED Balch, J. K., B. A. Bradley, C. M. D’Antonio, and J. Gómez-Dans. 2013. “Introduced annual grass increases regional fire activity across the arid western USA (1980–2009).” Global Change Biology 19: 173– 183. Balda, R. P. 2002. Pinyon Jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus. In: Poole, A.; Gill, F. (ed.), The birds of North America, No. 605, pp. 1-32. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and the American Ornithologists' Union, Philadelphia and Washington, DC. Bakker, J. D., P. W. Dunwiddie, S. A. Hall, J. R. Evans, G. M. Davies, and E. Dettweiler-Robinson. 2011. Vegetation Impacts of Recurring Fires on Sagebrush Ecosystems in Washington: Implications for Conservation and Rehabilitation. Final report to the Joint Fire Science Program for Project 08-1- 5-20. Internet website: https://www.firescience.gov/projects/08-1-5-20/project/08-1-5- 20_final_report.pdf. Barbour, M. G. and W. D. Billings. 2000. North American Terrestrial Vegetation. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. Google Books. Bawa, R. 2017. “Effects of wildfire on the value of recreation in western North America.” Journal of Sustainable Forestry 36(1): 1–17. Belnap, J. 1994. Potential Role of Cryptobiotic Soil Crusts in Semiarid Rangelands. Symposium on Ecology, Management, and Restoration of Intermountain Annual Rangelands. May 18–22: 179–185. Belnap, J., and J. S. Gardner. 1993. “Soil microstructure of the Colorado Plateau: The role of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus.” Great Basin Naturalist 53: 40–47. Belnap, J., and D. A. Gillette. 1998.” Vulnerability of desert soil surfaces to wind erosion: Impacts of soil texture and disturbance.” Journal of Arid Environments 39: 133–142. Belsky, J. A., and D. M. Blumenthal. 1997. “Effects of livestock grazing on stand dynamics and soils in upland forests of the interior West.” Conservation Biology 11(2): 315–327. Internet website: https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr292/1997_belsky.pdf. Benton, N., J. Fleckenstein, A. Frances, and A. Treher. December 2016. Estimating the Effect of BLM Treatment Types on Endangered, Threatened, and Sensitive Species in Sagebrush Habitats. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Final Report for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. BLM (US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management). 2003. Resource Notes. No. 63. Risk of Cheatgrass Invasion After Fire in Selected Sagebrush Community Types. Internet website: https://www.blm.gov/nstc/resourcenotes/respdf/RN63.pdf. _____. 2007a. Final Vegetation Treatments Using Herbicides on Bureau of Land Management Lands in 17 Western States Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. Reno, Nevada. _____. 2007b. H-1742-1 - Burned Area Emergency Stabilization and Rehabilitation Handbook (Public). Washington, DC. Programmatic EIS for Fuels Reduction and Rangeland Restoration in the Great Basin B-3 B. Acronyms, Literature Cited, Glossary _____. 2008a. BLM Handbook H-1790-1, National Environmental Policy Act Handbook. Washington, DC. _____. 2008b. BLM Handbook H-1740-2, Integrated Vegetation Management Handbook. Washington, DC. _____. 2011. Paradigm Fuel Break Project. Internet website: https://eplanning.blm.gov/epl-front-office/ eplanning/planAndProjectSite.do?methodName=renderDefaultPlanOrProjectSite&projectId= 15052. _____. 2014. Handbook H-8320-01–Planning for Recreation and Visitor Services. Rel. 8-85. Washington, DC. August 22, 2014. _____. 2015a. Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan Amendments for the Great Basin Region, Including the Greater Sage-Grouse Sub-Regions of Idaho and Southwestern Montana, Nevada and Northeastern California, Oregon, and Utah. Washington, DC. _____. 2015b. Managing for Pollinators on Public Lands. Instruction Memorandum No. 2016-013. Washington, D.C. _____. 2016a. Vegetation Treatments Using Aminopyralid Fluroxypyr and Rimsulfuron on BLM Lands in 17 Western States PEIS. Internet website: https://eplanning.blm.gov/epl-front-office/eplanning/ planAndProjectSite.do?methodName=renderDefaultPlanOrProjectSite&projectId=70301&dctmI d=0b0003e8807ca411. _____. 2016b. Record of Decision and Land Use Plan Amendment for the Nevada and California Greater SageGrouse Bi-State Distinct Population Segment in the Carson City District and Tonopah Field Office. Available at: https://eplanning.blm.gov/epl-front- office/projects/lup/60909/74562/82120/BSSG_ROD_Final.05272016.Final.pdf. _____. 2017. Public Land Statistics 2016. Volume 201. May 2017. Internet website: https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/PublicLandStatistics2016.pdf.3 _____. 2018a. Incorporating Assessment, Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) for Monitoring Fuels Project Effectiveness. Washington, D.C. December 2018. _____. 2018b. Socioeconomic Baseline Report. Prepared for the Fuels Breaks and Fuels Reduction and Habitat Restoration PEISs. _____. 2018c. Record of Decision for the Bruneau-Owyhee Sage-grouse Habitat Project (DOI-BLM-ID- B000-2014-0002-EIS). Department of the Interior, Washington DC. _____. 2019a. Draft Programmatic EIS for Fuel Breaks in the Great Basin. BLM Idaho State Office, Boise. _____. 2019b. BLM unpublished data regarding wildfire suppression costs and acres treated annually. Obtained from the BLM Idaho State Office, Boise. BLM GIS. 2018. GIS data used to support alternatives, affected environment, and environmental consequences. Great Basin Region. B-4 Programmatic EIS for Fuels Reduction and Rangeland Restoration in the Great Basin B. Acronyms, Literature Cited, Glossary Block, W. M., L. M. Conner, P. A. Brewer, P. Ford, J. Haufler, A. Litt, R. E. Masters, L. R. Mitchell and J. Park. 2016. Effects of Prescribed Fire on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat in Selected Ecosystems of North America. The Wildlife Society Technical Review 16-01. The Wildlife Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 69 pp. Bombaci, S. L. Pejchar. 2016. “Consequences of pinyon and juniper woodland reduction for wildlife in North America.” Forest Ecology and Management 365: 34-50. Boyko, A. R., Gibson, R. M., and J. R. Lucas. 2004. "How Predation Risk Affects the Temporal Dynamics of Avian Leks: Greater Sage Grouse versus Golden Eagles." The American Naturalist 163(1): 154- 165. Bradbury, J. W., et al. 1989. “Dispersion of Displaying Male Sage Grouse: II. The Role of Female Dispersion.” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 24(1): 15–24. Bradley, B. A., C. A. Curtis, and J. C. Chambers. 2016. “Bromus Response to Climate and Projected Changes with Climate Change,” in Exotic Brome Grasses in Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems of the Western US: Causes, Consequences, and Management Implications, eds M. J. Germino, J. C. Chambers, and C. S. Brown (Cham: Springer International Publishing).
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  • Appendix F.7

    Appendix F.7

    APPENDIX F.7 Biological Evaluation Appendix F.7 Pacific Connector Gas Pipeline Project Biological Evaluation March 2019 Prepared by: Tetra Tech, Inc. Reviewed and Approved by: USDA Forest Service BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION This page intentionally left blank BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 PROPOSED ACTION AND ACTION ALTERNATIVES .................................................... 1 PRE-FIELD REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 4 RESULTS OF FIELD SURVEYS ...................................................................................... 4 SPECIES IMPACT DETERMINATION SUMMARY .......................................................... 5 DETAILED EFFECTS OF PROPOSED ACTION ON SPECIES CONSIDERED ............ 25 6.1 Global Discussion ........................................................................................................ 25 6.1.1 Analysis Areas and Current Environment ............................................................. 25 6.1.2 Impacts .................................................................................................................. 33 6.1.3 Conservation Measures and Mitigation ................................................................. 62 6.2 Species Accounts and Analysis of Impacts ................................................................. 63 6.2.1 Mammals ..............................................................................................................