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Iowa State Journal of Research 61.2 oufiiil of Research Volume 61, No. 2 ISSN0092-6345 November, 1986 ISJRA6 61(2) 153-296 1986 From the Editors . 153 ISELY, D. Leguminosae of the United States. Astragalus L.: IV. Species Summary N-Z.. 157 Book Reviews . 291 IOWA STATE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH Published under the auspices of the Vice President for Research, Iowa State University EDITOR .................................................. DUANE ISELY ASSOCIATE EDITOR .............................. KENNETH G. MADISON ASSOCIATE EDITOR ...................................... PAUL N. HINZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR . BRUCE W. MENZEL ASSOCIATE EDITOR ................................... RAND D. CONGER COMPOSITOR-ASSISTANT EDITOR ............... CHRISTINE V. McDANIEL Administrative Board N. L. Jacobson, Chairman J. E. Galejs, I. S. U. Library D. Isely, Editor W. H. Kelly, College of Sciences and Humanities W. R. Madden, Office of Business and Finance J. P. Mahlstede, Agriculture and Horne Economics Experiment Station W. M. Schmitt, Information Service G. K. Serovy, College of Engineering Editorial Board G. J. Musick, Associate Editor for Entomology, University of Arkansas Paul W. Unger, Associate Editor for Agronomy, USDA, Bushland, Texas Dwight W. Bensend, Associate Editor for Forestry, Hale, Missouri L. Glenn Smith, Associate Editor for Education, Northern Illinois Univ. Faye S. Yates, Promotion Specialist, I. S. U. Gerald Klonglan, Consultant for Sociology, I. S. U. All matters pertaining to subscriptions, remittances, etc. should be addressed to the Iowa State University Press, 2121 South State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010. Most back issues of the IOWA STATE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH are available. Single copies starting with Volume 55 are $7.50 each, plus postage. Prior issues are $4.50 each, plus postage. Because of limited stocks, payment is required prior to shipment. The IOWA STATE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH (ISSN 0092-6345) is published quarterly in August, November, February, and May for $20.00 per year (Canada, $21.00/ other foreign countries, $25.00) by the Iowa State University Press, 2121 South State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010. Second-class postage paid at Ames, Iowa 50010. Views expressed by the authors of contributed papers or of editorials are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of Iowa State University. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to THE IOWA STATE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, c/ o Iowa State University Press, 2121 South State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010. Printed by Graphic Publishing Co., Inc., Lake Mills, Iowa 50450. IOWA STATE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH I MAY 1986 503-505 Vol. 61, No. 4 IOWA STATE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 61 (August, 1986-May, 1987) No. 1, August, 1986 From the Editors ........... ......................... 1 RUSSELL, W. A. Contribution of breeding to maize improvement in the United States, 1920s-1980s ......... 5 STOCKMAN, Y. M. and R. SHIBLES. Soybean pod and flower abscission as influenced by carbohydrate supply during flowering . 35 EL MOURID, M. , G. Q. HE, F. H. ANDRADE, and I. C. ANDERSON. Relationship of corn and soybean yields to weekly moving averages for precipitation and temperature at four climatic locations in Iowa. 49 DEKKER, J. and W. F. MEGGITT. Field emergence of vel­ vetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) in relation to time and burial depth . 65 SELF, H. L. and M. HONEYMAN. An outlying agricultural research system . 81 BERRY, E. C. , A. A. FARAGALLA, L. C. LEWIS, and W. D. GUTHRIE. Effect of diflubenzuron on European corn borer larvae . 91 CLARK, L. G. Eight new species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) . 99 STOFFERAHN, C. W. and P. F. KORSCHING. Ecological determinants of agrarian protest . 123 BAREFIELD, R. L. and C. D. ZIEBELL. Comparative feeding ability of small white and black crappie in turbid water 143 Notes . 14 7 Book Review . 149 504 TABLE OF CONTENTS No. 2, November, 1986 From the Editors . 153 ISELY, D. Leguminosae of the United States. Astragalus L.: IV. Species Summary N-Z............................... 157 Book Reviews . 291 * * * * * * * * * * No.3,February, 1987 Introduction . 299 BAKER, S. Sight and a Sight in Othello................... 301 BROMLEY, L. Men and Women Beware: Social, Political, and Sexual Anarchy in Women Beware Women . 311 DE SOUSA, G. U. Women and Chivalry in Jacobean City Comedy........... ...... .................... .. ....... 323 DREW-BEAR, A. "The Strangest Tale That Ever I Heard": Embellished Report in I Henry IV. 333 EVANS, R. C. Defending the Father: Jonson's "Sons" and The Poetry of Power . 34 7 FABER, J. A. Thomas Dekker's Gentle Craft: An Essay on The Shoemaker's Holiday . 359 FORKER, C. R. "Three Fair Medals Cast in One Figure": Discordia Concors as a Principle of Characterization in The Duchess of Malfi . 373 Book Reviews . 383 TABLE OF CONTENTS 505 No. 4, May, 1987 From the Editors . 391 LARKIN, P. J. Somaclonal variation: history, method, and meaning . 393 BEVERSDORF, W. D. and L. S. KOTT. An in vitro mutagenesis/ selection system for Brassica napus........ 435 HANSON, M. H., M. A. O'CONNELL, and C. VIDAIR. Regeneration of calli and plants following protoplast fusion in Lycopersicon . 445 BAGLEY, P . C. and N. L. TAYLOR. Evaluation of phosphorus efficiency in somaclones of red clover . 459 ORTON, T. J. Genetic instability in celery tissue and cell cultures . 481 Note . 499 Book Review.......................................... 501 IOWA STATE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH /.NOVEMBER, 1986 153-155 Vol. 61, No. 2 FROM THE EDITORS Science and the scientific language have evolved concurrently from Aristotle's work in 300 B.C. to date. As new scientific discoveries and applications were made, new words were added to the literature. However, in some cases, the wheel revolved and a new emphasis has been applied to historic word forms. A classic example currently emphasized is the case of the term 'technology'. What is 'high technology', 'biotechnology', etc? Webster's International Dictionary gives a greek meaning to technology, 'technologia' as "any practical art utilizing scientific knowledge, as horticulture or medicine; applied science contrasted with pure science" and "bios gr. life or living; biology, the science of life; the branch of knowledge which treats living organisms." Therefore, the only new application to the scientific language is a coined word coupling bio and technology as biotechnology. Thus, the evolutionary process of application, or art of applying new scientific methodology and equipment to living organisms is an attempt to make desired changes or observations, which may, or may not have been previously possible. Advances in scientific instrumentation technology during the past quarter century have exceeded those accomplished during a century of the industrial revolution. The contemporary companion term to biotechnology is high technology, generally referring to the modern state of the art in electronics, mechanics, and non-living systems. This does not mean that invention of the McCormick reaper in 1851 or Edison's light bulb patent in 1878 were not high technology. Similar examples can be given for biotechnology from the discovery of gaseous exchange by plants published by Joseph Priestly in 1771, which led to the discovery of the interactive life processes of plants and animals and ultimately photosynthesis and respiration. And biotechnology continues, and has continued throughout the last century in the thousands of plant and animal improvements through systematic breeding and genetic programs. Herein, the genetic expression of thousands of traits in plants has been modified by systematic gene transfer, induced mutations and selection. The current emphasis on biotechnology focuses attention, directs funding, and opens new opportunities that will greatly enhance progress in biotechnological developments. Also, modern laboratory instrumentation and techniques will permit the acceleration of biotechnological discovery and eliminate many barriers to previously 154 FROM THE EDITORS unattainable, or impossible discoveries. However, the key to productive conventional, or future biotech research is the dedication of keen, inquisitive, and perceptive minds of biological researchers to well defined goal-oriented research programs. As in previous generations, some of the major discoveries will come from individual researchers and others from the team approach. In the field of plant improvement or gene transfer through DNA or gene splicing to incorporate a single trait, conventional genetic transfer systems or methodology will be required to develop the final acceptable or usable product. Thus, a blend of biotechnological methods will be required and with reasonable luck will require years for development. The following quote seems to be appropriate. "The plant-breeder before making combinations should with great care select the individual plants which seem best adapted to his purpose, as by this course many years of experiment and much needless expense will be avoided. The differences in the individuals which the plant-breeder has to work upon are sometimes extremely slight. The ordinary unpracticed person cannot by any possibility discover the exceedingly minute variations in form, size, color, fragrance, precocity, and a thousand other characters which the practiced breeder perceives by a lightning-like glance. The work is not easy, requiring an exceedingly keen perception of minute differences, great practice, and extreme care in treating the organisms operated upon, and even with all the naturally acquired variations added to those secured by scientific crossing and numerous other
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