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Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University

Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data

9-17-2018

Checklist of the Vascular of Redwood National Park

James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected]

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps

Part of the Botany Commons

Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85

This Flora of Northwest -Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS

James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California

14 September 2018

The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks. They are recognized as a World Heritage Struthiopteris spicant • deer fern Site and an International Biosphere Reserve. Woodwardia fimbriata • giant chain fern

Of course, the best known member of the flora here is the coast redwood Cystopteridaceae – Brittle Fern Family (). The largest groves are in the state parks. The tallest Cystopteris fragilis • brittle bladder fern redwood, named Hyperion, is 379.1 ft (115.55 m) tall. It is the tallest living in the world and is located in the national park. Hyperion is estimated to Dennstaedtiaceae – Bracken Fern Family be 700–800 years old. Pteridium aquilinum • bracken fern

Dryopteridaceae – Wood Fern Family Dryopteris arguta • coastal wood fern L Y C O P H Y T E S Polystichum imbricans • narrow-leaved sword fern Polystichum munitum • western sword fern Lycopodiaceae – Clubmoss Family Lycopodium clavatum • running clubmoss Equisetaceae – Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense • field horsetail Selaginellaceae – Spikemoss Family Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii • giant horsetail Selaginella wallacei • Wallace’s spikemoss Ophioglossaceae – Adder’s Tongue Fern Family Botrychium multifidum • leathery grape fern

Polypodiaceae – Polypody Fern Family Polypodium californicum • California polypody

-1- Polypodium glycirrhiza • licorice fern Amaryllidaceae – Amaryllis or Onion Family Polypodium scouleri • leathery polypody Allium falcifolium • scythe-leaved onion

Pteridaceae – Brake Fern Family Amaranthaceae – Amaranth Family Adiantum aleuticum • five-finger fern Chenopodium album • lamb’s-quarters Aspidotis densa • Indian’s dream Chenopodium botrys • Jerusalem-oak goosefoot Cheilanthes gracillima • lace lip fern Pentagramma triangularis ssp. triangularis • western gold fern Anacardiaceae – Cashew Family Toxicodendron diversilobum • poison-oak Salviniaceae – Water Fern Family Azolla filiculoides • Pacific mosquito fern, water fern Apocynaceae – Dogbane Family Apocynum androsaemifolium • spreading dogbane Apocynum cannabinum • Indian-hemp Vinca major • greater or big-leaved periwinkle G Y M N O S P E R M S Aquifoliaceae – Holly Family Cupressaceae – Cypress Family Ilex aquifolium • English holly Chamaecyparis lawsoniana • Port Orford-cedar Cupressus macrocarpa • Monterey cypress Araceae – Aroid or Philodendron Family Juniperus communis var. saxitilis • common juniper Lysichiton americanus • western skunk-cabbage Sequoia sempervirens • coast redwood Thuja plicata • western red cedar Araliaceae – Ginseng Family Aralia californica • California spikenard Pinaceae – Pine Family Hedera helix • English ivy Abies grandis • grand fir Picea sitchensis • Sitka spruce Aristolochiaceae – Birthwort Family Pinus attenuata • knobcone pine Asarum caudatum • wild-ginger Pinus contorta • lodgepole pine Pinus jeffreyi • Jeffrey pine – Hyacinth Family Pinus radiata • Monterey pine elegans • elegant cluster-lily Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii • Douglas-fir Brodiaea terrestris • dwarf cluster-lily Tsuga heterophylla • western hemlock Chlorogalum pomeridianum • soap capitatum • blue dicks Taxaceae – Yew Family Dichelostemma congestum • congested snake-lily Taxus brevifolia • Pacific yew Dichelostemma multiflorum • round-toothed snake-lily Dichelostemma ida-maia • Ida May’s snake-lily Dichelostemma x venustum • rose firecracker F L O W E R I N G P L A N T S Hastingsia alba • white rush-lily Maianthemum dilatatum • false Solomon’s seal Aceraceae – Maple Family Maianthemum racemosum • feather Solomon’s seal Acer circinatum • vine maple Maianthemum stellatum• starry false Solomon’s seal Acer macrophyllum • big-leaved maple Schoenolirion album • white rush-lily Triteleia bridgesii • Bridges’ brodiaea Aizoaceae – Ice Plant Family Triteleia hyacinthina • fool’s onion Carbobortus chilensis • sea-fig Triteleia laxa • grass nut Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum • slender-leaved ice plant

-2- Berberidaceae – Barberry Family Minuartia californica • California sandwort Achlys triphylla ssp. triphylla • vanilla Minuartia douglasii • Douglas’ stitchwort Mahonia aquifolium var. repens • holly-leaved barberry Minuartia howellii • Howell’s stitchwort Mahonia nervosa • Cascade -grape Moehringia macrophylla • large-leaved sandwort Mahonia pinnata • California barberry Paronychia franciscana • San Francisco nailwort Mahonia pumila • dwarf barberry Polycarpon tetraphyllum • four-leaved many- Vancouveria hexandra • white inside-out flower Sagina maxima ssp. crassicaulis • beach pearlwort Sagina procumbens • bird’s-eye pearlwort Betulaceae – Birch Family Sagina saginoides var. hesperia • arctic pearlwort Alnus rhombifolia • white alder Saponaria officinalis • bouncing bet Alnus rubra • red alder Silene antirrhina • sleepy silene Corylus cornuta var. californica • California hazel nut Silene californica • Indian pink Silene gallica • common catch fly – Family Silene hookeri • Hooker’s silene intermedia • intermediate fiddleneck Spergula arvensis • corn spurry Amsinckia menziesii var. menziesii • common fiddleneck Spergularia marina • salt sand spurry Cynoglossum grande • Pacific hound’s-tongue Spergularia rubra • red sand spurry’ discolor • changing forget-me-not Stellaria crispa • crisp starwort Myosotis latifolia • broad-leaved forget-me-not Stellaria media • common chickweed Myosotis micrantha • small-flowered forget-me-not Stellaria nitens • shiny chickweed Myosotis stricta • forget-me-not Plagiobothrys nothofulvus • rusty popcorn flower Celastraceae – Staff Tree Family Euonymous occidentalis var. occidentalis • western burning bush Buddlejaceae – Butterfly Bush Family Buddleja davidii • butterfly bush Compositae () – Sunflower Family Achillea millefolium • common yarrow Callitrichaceae – Water-Starwort Family Adenocaulon bicolor • trail plant Callitriche heterophylla var. bolanderi • Bolander’s water starwort Agoseris apargioides var. eastwoodiae • woolly goat-chicory Agoseris apargioides var. maritima • seaside goat-chicory Campanulaceae – Harebell Family Agoseris grandiflora • big-flowered agoseris Campanula prenanthoides • California harebell Anaphalis margaritacea • pearly everlasting Anisocarpus madioides • woodland alpine tarplant Cannabaceae – Hemp Family Anthemis • mayweed, stinking chamomile Cannabis sativa • marijuana, pot spathulata • Klamath arnica douglasiana • Douglas’ mugwort Caprifoliaceae – Honeysuckle Family Artemisia suksdorfii • coastal mugwort Lonicera hispidula • California honeysuckle Baccharis pilularis ssp. consanguinea • coyote brush Lonicera involucrata var. ledebourii • twin Bellis perennis • English or lawn daisy Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus • snowberry Bidens frondosa • sticktight Symphoricarpos mollis • creeping snowberry melitensis • tocolate, Maltese star thistle Symphoricarpos rivularis • common snowberry Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos • spotted knapweed Cichorium intybus • chicory – Carnation or Pink Family arvense • Canada thistle ramosissimum • sand carpet Cirsium brevistylum • clustered thistle Cerastium arvense • field chickweed Cirsium occidentale var. candidissimum • snowy thistle Cerastium glomeratum • sticky chickweed Cirsium occidentale var. venustum • Venus or red thistle

-3- Cirsium remotifolium • few-leaved thistle Senecio glomeratus • Australian fireweed Cirsium vulgare • bull thistle Senecio integerrimus var. major • lamb’s-tongue ragwort Conyza canadensis • horse weed Senecio jacobaea • stinking willie, tansy ragwort Cotula australis • Australian water-buttons Senecio minima • coastal fireweed Cotula coronopifolia • brass-buttons Senecio sylvaticus • woodland ragwort capillaris • smooth hawk’s-beard Senecio vulgaris • common ragwort Delairea odorata • Cape-ivy Sericocarpus oregonensis • Oregon white-topped-aster Erigeron foliosus var. hartwegii • leafy fleabane Silybum marianum • milk thistle Erigeron glaucus • seaside daisy Solidago elongata • West Coast Canada goldenrod Erigeron inornatus var. inornatus • western rayless fleabane Solidago spathulata • coast goldenrod Erigeron philadelphicus var. philadelphicus • Philadelphia fleabane Sonchus asper • prickly sow thistle Eriophyllum lanatum • woolly-sunflower Sonchus oleraceus • common sow thistle Eriophyllum staechadifolium • seaside woolly-sunflower Symphyotrichum chilensis • Pacific-aster Eucephalus breweri • Brewer’s aster Symphyotrichum subspicatum • leafy-bracted American-aster Euchiton gymnocephalus • creeping cudweed Tanacetum bipinnatum • dune tansy Euchiton japonicus • father-and-child plant Taraxacum officinale • common dandelion Eurybia radulina • rough-leaved wood-aster Wyethia angustifolia • California compass plant Gnaphalium palustre • western marsh cudweed Grindelia stricta var. platyphylla • Oregon gumweed – Morning-Glory Family Helenium puberulum • rosilla, sneezeweed atriplicifolia ssp. buttensis • Butte County morning-glory Hemizonella minima • oppoiste-leaved tarweed Calystegia soldanella • beach morning-glory Hemizonia congesta ssp. tracyi • Tracy’s tarweed Convolvulus arvensis • bindweed Hieracium albiflorum • white hawkweed Cuscuta salina • salt dodder Hieracium scouleri • western hawkweed Hypochaeris glabra • smooth cat’s-ear – Dogwood Family Hypochaeris radicata • rough or hairy cat’s-ear glabrata • brown dogwood Lactuca saligna • willow-leaved lettuce Cornus nuttallii • Pacific dogwood Lapsana communis • nipplewort Cornus sessilis • black-fruited dogwood Leontodon saxitilis • hawkbit Leucanthemum vulgare • ox-eye daisy Crassulaceae – Stonecrop Family Logfia fallica • dagger-leaved cottonrose Crassula connata • sand pygmy weed Madia elegans • common madia Dudley farinosa • bluff-lettuce, powdery live forever Madia exigua • small tarweed Sedum obtusatum ssp. boreale • Sierra stonecrop Madia gracilis • gumweed Sedum spathulifolium • broad-leaved stonecrop Madia sativa • coast tarweed Matricaria discoidea • pineapple weed Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) – Mustard Family Micropus californicus var. californicus • Q-tips Anelsonia eurycarpa • dagger pod Microseris bigelovii • coastal silver-puffs Arabis glabra • tower rockcress Microseris laciniata ssp. siskiyouensis • cut-leaved silver-puffs Barbarea orthoceras var. dolichocarpa • American yellow rocket Microseris nutans • nodding microseris Brassica nigra • black mustard Packera bolanderi var. harfordii • Harford’s ragwort Brassica rapa • rape mustard Packer macounii • Siskiyou Mountain ragwort Cakile maritima • European sea rocket Petasites frigidus var. palmatus • western sweet colt’s-foot Capsella bursa-pastoris • shepherd’s-purse Pseudognaphalium californicum • ladies’-tobacco Cardamine californica var. cardiophylla • milk maids Pseudognaphalium ramosissimum • pink cudweed Cardamine californica var. sinuata • milk maids Pseudognaphalium stramineum • cotton-batting plant Cardamine oligosperma • bitter cress

-4- Coronopus didymus • lesser swine cress hispidula • Gasquet manzanita Erysimum capitatum • sand dune wallflower Arctostaphylos nevadensis • pinemat manzanita Erysimum franciscanum • San Franicsco wallflower Arctostaphylos uva-ursi • kinnikinnick Isatis tinctoria • dyer’s woad • sticky white-leaved manzanita Nasturtium officinale • water cress Erica lusitanica • Spanish heath Raphanus raphanistrum • wild radish Gaultheria shallon • salal Raphanus sativus • radish Menziesia ferruginea • rusty menziesia Sisymbrium altissimum • tall tumble mustard Rhododendron macrophyllum • Pacific rhododendron Sisymbrium officinale • hedge mustard Rhododendron occidentale • western azalea Vaccinium ovatum • evergreen huckleberry Cucurbitaceae – Gourd Family Vaccinium parvifolium • red huckleberry Marah fabaceus • California man-root Allotropa virgata • sugar stick Marah oreganus • coastal man-root Hemitomes congestum • cone plant Monotropa uniflora • Indian pipe – Sedge Family Pityopus californica • California pine foot aquatilis var. dives • Sitka sedge Pleuricospora fimbriolata • fringed pine sap Carex concinnoides • northwestern sedge Chimaphila umbellata ssp. occidentalis • pipsissewa Carex deweyana ssp. leptopoda • Dewey’s sedge Moneses uniflora ssp. reticulata • single delight Carex fracta • fragile-sheathed sedge Pyrola picta ssp. dentata • white-veined wintergreen Carex gigas • Siskiyou sedge Carex globosa • round-fruited sedge Euphorbiaceae – Spurge or Euphorb Family Carex hendersonii • Henderson’s sedge Euphorbia crenulata • Chinese caps Carex leporina • hare sedge Carex leptopoda • taper-fruited short-scale sedge Fagaceae – Beech or Oak Family Carex mendocinensis • Mendocino sedge Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. chrysophylla • golden chinquapin Carex obnupta • slough sedge Chrysolepis chrysophylla var. minor • golden chinquapin Carex phyllomanica • star sedge Notholithocarpus densiflorus var. densiflorus • tan-oak Carex praegracilis • clustered field sedge Notholithocarpus densiflorus var. echinoides • dwarf tan-oak Carex simulata • analog sedge Quercus chrysolepis • canyon live oak Carex stipata var. stipata • owl-fruited sedge Quercus garryana var. garryana • Oregon white oak Carex tumulicola • split-awned sedge Quercus kelloggii • California black oak Cyperus eragrostis • tall flat sedge Quercus sadleriana • deer oak Cyperus niger var. capitatus • black flat sedge Quercus vaccinifolia • huckleberry oak macrostachya • common spike-rush Eleocharis palustris • common spike-rush Garryaceae – Silk-Tassel Family Eleocharis parvula • dwarf spike-rush Garrya elliptica • wavy-leaved silk-tassel Scirpus microcarpus • panicled bulrush Scirpus tabernaemontani • soft-stemmed bulrush – Gentian Family davyi • Davy’s Centaury Dipsacaceae – Teasel Family Centaurium erythraea • European Centaury Dipsacus fullonum • wild teasel Centaurium floribundum • June Centaury Dipsacus sylvestris • Fuller’s teasel Centaurium muehlenbergii • Muhlenberg’s Centaury Gentiana affinis var. ovata • pleated gentian – Heath Family menziesii • Pacific madrone Geraniaceae – Geranium Family Arctostaphylos columbiana • hairy manzanita Erodium botrys • long-beaked stork’s-bill

-5- Erodium cicutarium • red-stemmed stork’s-bill Cortaderia jubata • pampas grass Geranium carolinianum • Carolina geranium Cortaderia selloana • Uruguayan pampas grass Geranium dissectum • cut-leaved geranium Crypsis schoenoides • swamp prickle grass Geranium molle • dove-foot geranium cristatus • crested dogtail grass Geranium oreganum • Oregon geranium Cynosurus echinatus • dogtail grass Geranium pusillum • small geranium Dactylis glomeerata • orchard grass Geranium rotundifolium • round-leaved geranium Danthonia californica • California oat grass Danthonia pilosa • hairy oat grass Gramineae () – Grass Family caespitosa ssp. caespitosa • tufted hair grass Agropyron repens • quack grass Deschampsia caespitosa ssp. holciformis • Pacific hair grass alba • redtop Deschampsia elongata • slender hair grass Agrostis capillaris • colonial bent grass mollis • American dune grass Agrostis exarata • spike bent grass Elymus caput-medusae • medusa head Agrostis hallii • Hall’s bent grass Elymus glaucus ssp. glaucus • blue wild-rye Agrostis idahoensis • Idaho bent grass Elymus glaucus ssp. virescens • Virginia wild-rye Agrostis longiligula • long-tongued bent grass Elymus multisetus • big squirreltail Agrostis microphylla • small-leaved bent grass Elymus repens • creeping quack grass Agrostis stolonifera • creeping bent grass Elymus spicatus • blue bunch grass Agrostis tenuis • colonial bent grass Elymus trachycaulus • slender wheat grass caryophyllea • silver hair grass Festuca arundinacea • tall fescue Aira praecox • yellow hair grass Festuca bromoides • brome fescue Alopecurus aequalis • short • awned foxtail Festuca californica • California fescue Alopecurus geniculatus • water foxtail Festuca idahoensis • Idaho fescue Ammophila arenaria • European beach grass Festuca microstachys • Pacific fescue aristatum • annual vernal grass Festuca myuros • rat-tail fescue Anthoxanthum occidentale • California sweet grass Festuca occidentalis • western fescue Anthoxanthum odoratum • sweet vernal grass Festuca perennis • rye grass Arrhenatherum elatius • tall oat grass Festuca pratensis • meadow fescue Avena barbata • slender oat Festuca temulenta • darnel Avena fatua • wild oat Festuca rubra • red fescue Avena sativa • common oat Festuca subulata • bearded fescue Brachypodium distachyon • purple false brome Festuca subuliflora • crinkle-awned fescue maxima • big quaking grass Festuca viridula • green-leaved fescue Briza minor • little quaking grass Gastridium ventricosum • nit grass carinatus • rescue grass Glyceria elata • tall manna grass Bromus catharticus • rescue grass Glyceria occidentalis • northwestern manna grass Bromus diandrus • ripgut brome Holcus lanatus • common velvet grass Bromus erectus • erect brome Hordeum geniculatum • Mediterranean barley Bromus hordeaceus • soft brome Hordeum glaucum • smooth barley Bromus inermis • smooth brome Hordeum jubatum • foxtail barley Bromus marginatus • mountain brome Hordeum murinum ssp. leporinum • mouse barley Bromus stramineus • roadside brome Hordeum marinum ssp. gussoneanum • Mediterranean barley Bromus sterilis • poverty brome Hordeum vulgare • common barley Bromus suksdorfii • Suksdorf’s brome Koeleria macrantha • June grass Bromus vulgaris • Columbian brome Melica geyeri var. geyeri • Geyer’s onion grass nutkaensis • Pacific reed grass Melica harfordii • Harford’s onion grass

-6- Melica subulata • Alaska onion grass Hydrophyllaceae – Waterleaf Family Muhlenbergia filiformis • pull-up muhly Hydrophyllum occidentale • western waterleaf Panicum acuminatum var. fasciculatum • tapered panic grass Hydrophyllum tenuipes • Pacific waterleaf Phalaris aquatica • Harding grass Nemophila menziesii var. atromaria • baby blue-eyes Phalaris arundinacea • reed canary grass Nemophila menziesii var. parviflora • small-flowered baby blue-eyes Phalaris californica • California canary grass Phacelia bolanderi • Bolander’s phacelia Phalaris paradoxa • hood canary grass Phacelia heterophylla var. virgata • variable-leaved phacelia Phleum pratense • timothy Phacelia nemoralis • shade phacelia Pleuropogon refractus • nodding semaphore grass Poa annua • annual blue grass Hypericaceae – St. John’s Wort Family Poa bolanderi ssp. howellii • Howell’s blue grass Hypericum anagalloides • tinker’s penny Poa compressa • Canada blue grass Hypericum scouleri • Scouler’s St. John’s wort Poa kelloggii • Kellogg’s blue grass Hypericum perforatum • Klamath weed Poa palustris • fowl blue grass Poa piperi • Alaska blue grass Juncaceae – Rush Family Poa pratensis • Kentucky blue grass Juncus articulatus • jointed rush Poa secunda ssp. secunda • Sandberg’s blue grass Juncus bolanderi • Bolander’s rush Poa trivialis • rough blue grass Juncus bufonius • toad rush Polypogon australis • Chilean rabbit’s-foot grass Juncus confusus • Colorado rush Polypogon monspeliensis • annual rabbit’s-foot grass Juncus effusus var. brunneus • lamp rush Puccinellia grandis • large alkali grass Juncus effusus var. pacificus • Pacific rush Puccinellia nutkaensis • Nootka alkali grass Juncus ensifolius • sword-leaved rush Rostraria cristata • annual June grass Juncus lesueurii • salt rush Stipa lemmonii • Lemmon’s needle grass Juncus occidentalis • poverty rush Torreyochloa pallida var. pauciflora • pale false manna grass Juncus patens • common rush Trisetum canescens • tall oat grass Juncus tenuis • yard rush Trisetum cernuum • nodding oat grass Juncus xiphoides • iris-leaved rush Triticum aestivum • common wheat Luzula campestris • field wood rush Luzula comosa • heath wood rish Grossulariaceae – Gooseberry Family Luzula parviflora • small-flowered wood rush Ribes bracteosum • stink current Luzula subsessilis • pine forest wood rush Ribes divaricatum var. pubiflorum • straggle bush Ribes laxiflorum • trailing black currant Iridaceae – Iris Family Ribes menziesii • canyon gooseberry Iris douglasiana • Douglas’ iris Ribes roezlii var. cruentum • shiny-leaved currant Iris inominata • Del Norte County iris Ribes sanguineum var. glutinosum • red-flowered currant Irish tenuissima • long-tubed iris Sisymbrium bellum • western blue-eyed-grass Hippuridaceae – Mare’s-Tail Family Sisymbrium californicum • golden blue-eyed grass Hippuris vulgaris • common mare’s-tail Labiatae (Lamiaceae) – Mint Family Hydrangeaceae – Hydrangea Family Melissa officinalis • common balm Philadelphus lewisii • wild mock orange Mentha arvensis • wild or field mint Whipplea modesta • modesty Mentha pulegium • pennyroyal Mentha spicata • spearmint Hydrocharitaceae – Frog-Bit Family Monardella sheltonii • Shelton’s monardella Egeria densa • Brazilian water weed Monardella villosa • coyote mint

-7- Prunella vulgaris var. lanceolata • self-heal Melilotus indica • yellow sweet clover Satureja douglasii • yerba buena Robinia pseudoacacia • black locust Scutellaria antirrhinoides • nose skullcap Rupertia physodes • forest scurf pea Stachys ajugoides • bugle hedge-nettle Trifolium albopurpureum • rancheria clover Stachys arvensis • hedge-nettle Trifolium arvense • rabbit’s-foot clover Stachys mexicana • Emerson’s hedge-nettle Trifolium barbigerum • bearded clover Stachys rigida ssp. quercetorum • marsh hedge-nettle Trifolium bifidum • notch-leaved clover Trifolium breweri • forest clover Lauraceae – Laurel Family Trifolium cyathiferum • cup clover Umbellularia californica var. californica • California-laurel Trifolium depauperatum • cow bag clover Trifolium dichotomum • branched Indian clover Leguminosae (Fabaceae) – Legume, Bean, or Pea Family Trifolium dubium • suckling clover Cytisus scoparius • Scotch broom Trifolium eriocephalum ssp. eriocephalum • woolly-headed clover Genista monspessulana • French broom Trifolium fucatum • bull clover Lathyrus brownii • Brown’s wild pea Trifolium longipes var. elmeri • long-stalked clover Lathyrus delnorticus • Del Norte wild pea Trifolium microcephalum • small-headed clover Lathyrus japonicus • seaside pea Trifolium microdon • thimble clover Lathyrus latifolius • perennial sweet pea Trifolium oliganthum • few-flowered clover Lathyrus littoralis • silky beach pea Trifolium pratense • red clover Lathyrus nevadensis var. nevadensis • Sierra pea Trifolium repens • white clover Lathyrus palustris • marsh pea Trifolium subterraneum • subterranean clover Lathyrus polyphyllus • leafy wild pea Trifolium variegatum • white-tipped clover Lathyrus sphaericus • grass pea Trifolium willdenovii • tomcat clover Lathyrus torreyi • Torrey’s wild pea Trifolium wormskioldii • cow clover Lathyrus vestitus ssp. bolanderi • Bolander’s wild pea Ulex europaeus • gorse, furze Lotus aboriginus • rosy bird’s-foot trefoil Vicia americana ssp. americana • American vetch Lotus corniculatus • bird’s-foot trefoil Vicia benghalensis • purple vetch Lotus crassifolius • big deer betch Vicia gigantea • giant vetch Lotus formosissimus • seaside bird’s-foot trefoil Vicia hirsuta • tiny vetch Lotus micranthus • desert deer vetch Vicia sativa ssp. nigra • narrow-leaved vetch Lotus oblongifolius • stream bank bird’s-foot trefoil Vicia sativa ssp. sativa • spring vetch Lotus pedunculatus • big trefoil Vicia tetrasperma • lentil or sparrow vetch Lotus pinnatus • meadow bird’s-foot trefoil Vicia villosa ssp. varia • winter vetch Lotus purshianus • prairie trefoil Lotus scoparius • common deer weed Lentibulariaceae – Bladderwort Family Lotus stipularis • balsam bird’s-foot trefoil Utricularia macrorhiza • common bladderwort Lotus wrangelianus • Chilean bird’s-foot trefoil Lupinus arboreus • yellow bush lupine – Lily Family Lupinus bicolor ssp umbellatus • bicolored lupine Calochortus tolmiei • Tolmie’s star-tulip Lupinus latifolius • broad-leaved lupine andrewsiana • red clintonia Lupinus littoralis • seashore lupine Erythronium oregonum var. leucandrum • giant white or Oregon fawn-lily Lupinus nanus • Douglas’ annual lupine Fritillaria affinis • checker-lily Lupinus rivularis • riverbank lupine Fritillaria lanceolata • rice root Medicago arabica • spotted medick Lilium bolanderi • Bolander’s lily Medicago polymorpha • bur clover Lilium canadense • Canada lily Melilotus alba • white sweet clover Lilium columbianum • Columbian lily

-8- Lilium occidentale • Eureka lily Oleaceae – Olive Family Prosartes hookeri • drops-of-gold Fraxinus latifolia • Oregon ash Prosartes smithii • large-flowered fairy bells Scoliopus bigelovii • foetid adder’s-tongue – Evening-Primrose Family Camissonia cheiranthifolia • beach evening-primrose Linaceae – Flax Family Chamerion angustifolium ssp. angustifolium • fire weed Linum bienne • pale flax Circaea alpina ssp. pacifica • enchanter’s-nightshade amoena ssp. amoena • farewell-to-spring Lythraceae – Loosestrife Family Clarkia purpurea ssp. quadrivulnera • winecup clarkia Lythrum hyssopifolia • hyssop loosestrife Epilobium brachycarpum • autumn willow herb Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum • coast willow herb Malvaceae – Mallow or Cotton Family Epilobium ciliatum ssp. watsonii • northern willow herb Sidalcea asprella • dwarf checker-mallow Epilobium hallianum • glandular willow herb Sidalcea malachroides • maple-leaved checkerbloom Epilobium minutum • small willow herb Sidalcea malvaeflora ssp. patula • dwarf checkerbloom Ludwigia peploides • water-primrose Oenothera glazioviana • red-sepalled evening-primrose Melanthiaceae – Wake Robin Family Oenothera wolfii • Wolf’s evening-primrose Trillium albidum • giant white wake robin Trillium angustipetalum • narrow-petalled wake robin Orchidaceae – Orchid Family Trillium chloropetalum • giant wake robin Calypso bulbosa • fairy slipper orchid Trillium ovatum • Pacific trillium Corallorhiza maculata • summer coral root Trillium rivale • brook wake robin Corallorhiza striata • hooded coral root Xerophyllum tenax • common bear-grass Goodyear oblongifolia • western rattlesnake-plantain Zigadenus micranthus • small-flowered death-camas Piperia elegans • hillside bog orchid Zigadenus venenosus var. venosus • meadow death-camas Listera caurina • northwestern twayblade Listera cordata • heart-leaved twayblade – Miner’s-Lettuce Family Spiranthes romanzoffiana • hooded ladies’-tresses ciliata • fringed red maids perfoliata • miner’s-lettuce Oxalidaceae – Oxalis or Sorrel Family Claytonia sibirica • Siberian spring beauty Oxalis oregana • redwood sorrel Montia chamissoi • water miner’s-lettuce Oxalis suksdorfii • Suksdorf’s wood sorrel Montia diffusa • spreading miner’s-lettuce Montia fontana • water checkweed, blinks – Poppy Family Montia parvifolia • little-leaved miner’s-lettuce Dicentra formosa • Pacific bleeding heart harfordii • Harford’s tree poppy Myricaceae – Wax Myrtle Family Eschschzolzia californica • California poppy Myrica californica • Pacific bayberry Plantaginaceae – Plantain Family – Four-O’Clock Family Plantago bigelovii • annual coast plantain latifolia • coastal sand-verbena Plantago coronopus • buckhorn plantain Abronia umbellata var. breviflora • pink sand-verbena Plantago elongata • long-leaved plantain Plantago lanceolata • narrow-leaved plantain Nymphaeaceae – Water-Lily Family Plantago major • common plantain Nuphar polycephala • cow-lily, yellow pond-lily Plantago maritima • goose-tongue Plantago subnuda • tall coastal plantain

-9- Plumbaginaceae – Leadwort Family antoninum • Anthony Peak larkspur Armeria maritima ssp. californica • thrift, sea-pink Delphinium decorum ssp. tracyi • Tracy’s larkspur Delphinium nudicaule • red larkspur Polemoniaceae – Phlox Family Delphinium trolliifolium • poison larkspur Collomia heterophylla • variable-leaved collomia Enemion stipitatum • Siskiyou rue-anemone Gilia capitata ssp. pacifica • Pacific gilia Ranunculus californicus • California buttercup Leptosiphon androsaceus • false baby-stars Ranunculus muricatus • spiny-fruited buttercup Leptosiphon bicolor • true baby-stars Ranunculus occidentalis • western buttercup Microsteris gracilis • annual- or slender-phlox Ranunculus repens • creeping buttercup Navarretia mellita • honey-scented pincushion plant Ranunculus uncinatus • hooked buttercup Navarretia squarrosa • skunk bush Phlox diffusa • spreading phlox – Buckthorn Family Phlox speciosa • showy phlox thyrsiflorus var. thyrsiflorus • blue blossom Ceanothus velutinus • snow brush ceanothus Polygalaceae – Milkwort Family Frangula californica ssp. occidentalis • California coffee berry Rhinotropis californica • California milkwort Frangula purshiana ssp. purshiana • cascara Rhinotropis cornuta var. cornuta • Sierra milkwort – Rose Family Polygonaceae – Smartweed or Knotweed Family alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia • Pacific service berry Eriogonum latifolium • seaside buckwheat Amelanchier pallida • pale service berry Eriogonum nudum var. nudum • naked buckwheat Amelanchier utahensis • Utah service berry Eriogonum nudum var. oblongifolium • naked buckwheat occidentalis • field parsley piert Polygonum cuspidatum • Japanese knotweed Argentina egedii • Pacific silver weed Polygonum douglasii ssp. spergulariiforme • scattered knotweed Cercocarpus betuloides • birch-leaved mountain-mahogany Polygonum paronychia • beach knotweed franchetii • orange cotoneaster Polygonum polystachyum • cultivated knotweed Cotoneaster pannosus • silver-leaved cotoneaster Polygonum ramosissimum ssp. ramosissimum • bushy knotweed Crataegus douglasii • black hawthorn Rumex acetosella • sheep sorrel glandulosa var. glandulosa • sticky cinquefoil Rumex crispus • curly dock Drymocallis glandulosa var. reflexa • sticky cinquefoil Rumex obtusifolius • bitter dock Fragaria californica • California strawberry Fragaria chiloensis • beach strawberry Potamogetonaceae – Pond Weed Family Fragaria vesca • woodland strawberry Potamogeton natans • floating pond weed Geum macrophyllum • large-leaved avens Potamogeton pectinatus • sago pond weed Holodiscus discolor • ocean spray Horkelia sericata • silky honeydew Primulaceae – Primrose Family Malus fusca • Oregon crab apple Anagallis arvensis • scarlet pimpernel Malus pumila • apple Dodecatheon hendersonii • mosquito-bills Oemleria cerasiformis • oso berry, Indian-plum Trientalis latifolia • broad-leaved star flower Physocarpus capitatus • Pacific nine bark Potentilla anserina ssp. pacific • Pacific silverweed – Buttercup or Crowfoot Family Potentilla gracilis • slender cinquefoil Actaea rubra • baneberry Prunus emarginata • bitter cherry Anemone deltoidea • Columbian windflower Prunus virginiana var. demissa • wester choke cherry Anemone oregana var. oregana • blue windflower Pyrus communis • common pear Aquilegia formosa • western columbine Rosa pisocarpa ssp. pisocarpa • cluster rose Caltha leptosepala • marsh-marigold Rosa spithamea • coast ground rose

-10- Rubus armeniacus • Himalayan blackberry affinis ssp. affinis • coastal Indian paintbrush Rubus laciniatus • cut-leaved blackberry Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis • Oregon coast Indian paintbrush Rubus leucodermis • white-barked raspberry Castilleja attenuata • valley tassels Rubus parviflorus • thimbleberry Castilleja miniata • scarlet Indian paintbrush Rubus spectabilis • salmonberry Castilleja subinclusa ssp. franciscana • long-leaved Indian paintbrush Rubus ursinus • California blackberry Collinsia linearis • narrow-leaved blue-eyed-Mary Sanguisorba officinalis • great burnet Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. viscidus • slender bird’s-beak Spiraea douglasii • Douglas’ spirea Digitalis purpurea • purple foxglove Mimulus aurantiacus var. aurantiacus • orange bush monkey flower Rubiaceae – Madder Family Mimulus cardinalis • crimson monkey flower Galium ambiguum ssp. siskiyouense • Siskiyou bedstraw Mimulus dentatus • coastal monkey flower Galium aparine • goose-grass, sticky willy Mimulus guttatus • seep monkey flower Galium bolanderi • Bolander’s bedstraw Mimulus moschatus • musk monkey flower Galium californicum ssp. californicum • California bedstraw Orobanche fasciculata • clustered broomrape Galium divaricatum • Lamarck’s bedstraw Orobanche uniflora • naked broomrape Galium porrigens • climbing bedstraw Parentucellia viscosa • yellow gland weed Galium trifidum ssp. subbiflorum • three-petalled bedstraw Penstemon rattanii • Rattan’s beard-tongue Galium triflorum • sweet-scented bedstraw Scrophularia californica • California figwort Sherardia arvensis • blue field madder Synthyris cordata • serpentine snow queen Tonella tenella • lesser baby’s-innocence Salicaceae – Willow Family Triphysaria pusilla • dwarf owl’s-clover Populus trichocarpa • black cottonwood Triphysaria versicolor ssp. faucibarbatus • yellow-beaked owl’s-clover Salix hookeriana • dune or coastal willow Triphysaria versicolor ssp. versicolor • owl’s-clover Salix lasiandra var. lasiandra • Pacific willow Verbascum blattaria • moth mullein Salix lasiolepis • arroyo willow Verbascum thapsus • common mullein Salix sitchensis • Sitka willow Veronica americana • American speedwell Veronica arvensis • corn speedwell Sambucaceae – Elderberry Family Veronica peregrina ssp. xalapensis • hairy purslane speedwell Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea • blue elderberry Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa • red elderberry Typhaceae – Cat-Tail Family Sparganium emersum • narrow-leaved bur-reed – Saxifrage Family Sparganium eurycarpum • broad-fruited bur-reed occidentalis • coastal brook foam Sparganium simplex • simple-stemmed bur-reed Chrysosplenium glechomaefolium • golden saxifrage Typha latifolia • broad-leaved cat-tail Heuchera micrantha • crevice almuroot Lithophragma affine • common woodland star Umbelliferae () – Parsley Family Lithophragma parviflorum var. parviflorum • small-flowered woodland star Anethum graveolens • dill Mitella ovalis • coastal miterwort hendersonii • Henderson’s angelica Mitella trifida • three-parted miterwort Angelica lucida • wild-celery californica • California saxifrage Angelica tomentosa • woolly angelica Saxifraga howellii • Howell’s saxifrage Caucalis microcarpa • false carrot Tellima grandiflora • fringe cups Conium maculatum • poison hemlock Telimma menziesii • youth-on-age, piggyback plant Daucus carota • Queen Anne’s lace Daucus pusillus • American wild carrot Scrophulariaceae – Snapdragon or Scroph Family Foeniculum vulgare • sweet fennel Boschniakia strobilacea • California ground cone Glehnia leiocarpa • American silvertop

-11- Heracleum lanatum • common cow-parsnip Ligusticum apiifolium • celery-leaved licorice root B I B L I O G R A P H Y Ligusticum californicum • California licorice root Lomatium dissectum • fern-leaved biscuit root Anonymous. 2002. Certified list for vascular plants in Redwood National Lomatium macrocarpum • big-seeded biscuit root Park. Lomatium utriculatum • common lomatium Oenanthe sarmentosa • water-parsley Anonymous. 2009. Redwood National Park (California). In, Invasive plant atlas Osmorhiza chilensis • sweet cicely of the United States. http://invasiveplantatlas.org Osmorhiza occidentalis • western sweet root Osmorhiza purpurea • purple sweet root Anonymous. 2013. Exotic plant species list. Redwood national and state parks. Perideridia gairdneri • yampa www.nps.gov/redw/naturescience/exotic-plant-species-list.htm Perideridia kelloggii • Kellogg’s yampah Sanicula arctopoides • footsteps-of-spring Becking, R. W. 1982. Pocket flora of the redwood forest. Island Press. Covelo, Sanicula bipinnatifida • purple sanicle CA. 237 pp. Sanicula crassicaulis • Pacific black snake root Sanicula laciniata • coastal black snake root Dolezal, R. J. 1974. Plant life. In, Exploring Redwood National Park. Touchstone Sanicula peckiana • Peck’s black snake root Press. Beaverton, OR. Pp. 131-145. In collaboration with J. P. Smith and J. O. Scandix pecten-veneris • shepherd’s-needle Sawyer. Tauschia kelloggii • Kellogg’s umbrella wort Torilis arvensis • spreading hedge-parsley Lester, G. 1981. Plants list of Gann’s Prairie, Redwood National Park. 4 pp. Torilis japonica • erect hedge-parsley Torilis nodosa • knotted hedge-parsley Lester, G., R. Yearout, L. Barker, and current staff of the Vegetation Management Yabea microcarpa • false carrot Group, Redwood National Park.1985. Plants of the Little Bald Hills. [4 pp.]

Urticaceae – Nettle Family Lyons, K. & M. B. Cooney-Lanaeo. 1988. Plants of the coast redwood region. Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis • American nettle Looking Press. Boulder Creek, CA. 197 pp. Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea • hoary stinging nettle Smith, J. P. 2009. Checklist of the vascular plants of the Bald Hills Road, Valerianaceae – Valerian Family Humboldt County, California. Humboldt State University Herbarium Plectritis congesta ssp. brachystemon • short-spurred sea blush Checklist Series. 4 pp. Plectritis congesta ssp. congesta • short-spurred sea blush Plectritis macrocera • long-horned plectritis Sugihara, N. & L. Reed. 1987. Vegetation ecology of the Bald Hills oak woodlands Valeriana sitchensis • Sitka valerian of Redwood National Park. RNP Research and Development Technical Report No. 21. Appendix 2. Pp. 71-77. Violaceae – Violet Family Viola adunca ssp. adunca • western dog violet Young, D. K. 1970. Redwood empire wildflower jewels. Revised edition. Viola cuneata • wedge-leaved violet Naturegraph Publ. Healdsburg, CA. 80 pp. Viola glabella • smooth yellow violet Viola lobata • yellow wood violet Viola praemorsa ssp. linguifolia • upland yellow violet Viola sempervirens • evergreen or redwood violet

Viscaceae – Mistletoe Family Arceuthobium campylopodum • western dwarf mistletoe Phoradendron serotinum ssp. tomentosum • American mistletoe

-12-