2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT 1 2 4 41 56 25 55 53 12 35 52 46 ...... RespondentProfile Acknowledgements References When Schools Fall Short Schools Fall When the Intersection: Racism-relatedAt Stress Need Our Support Youth Transgender Out Be or Not to Be To Do Can You What Table of Contents Table LGBTQSupporting Youth Latinx of Family The Importance of RejectionThe Burden 2018 YOUTH REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx Supporting LGBTQ Latinx Youth
In 2017, the Human Rights Campaign Foundation partnered with researchers at the University of Connecticut to conduct a groundbreaking survey of over 12,000 LGBTQ youth and capture their experiences in their families, schools, social circles and 1
communities. More than 2,900 LGBTQ Latinx youth responded to the survey. This resource presents data collected from these Latinx youth, shedding light on their challenges and triumphs encountered while navigating multiple, intersecting identities. Too often, holding multiple minority identities magnifies discrimination faced by LGBTQ Latinx youth, which can have a dangerous impact on their mental health. Furthermore, blatantly discriminatory laws and policies, inflammatory rhetoric from the Trump-Pence administration, negative portrayals in media, and historical systems of anti-Latinx and anti-immigrant oppression complicate the ability of LGBTQ Latinx youth to fully express and explore their intersecting racial and LGBTQ identities.2
For youth-serving professionals This resource draws on a subset of data from the 2018 HRC LGBTQ Youth Report to highlight the experiences of LGBTQ Latinx youth. We hope this information helps to encourage youth-serving professionals to apply an intersectional lens to their work.
2 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
Supportive parents, school administrators, teachers, counselors and other youth-serving professionals play an essential role in the lives of LGBTQ Latinx youth. Their support is especially important as LGBTQ Latinx youth can struggle in the absence of affirmation from their families and communities regarding their sexual orientation or gender identity. | Supporting LGBTQ Youth Latinx Supporting However, LGBTQ Latinx youth continue to be their own powerful forces of change; their stories of empowerment, resilience, activism and advocacy are pronounced in these findings. Across the country, they are advocating for inclusivity and equality. They need us to do the same. We must support LGBTQ Latinx youth in their pursuit of LGBTQ equality and racial justice. It’s time that we acknowledge the intersectional nature of the LGBTQ Latinx experience and begin creating spaces that are safe, affirming and welcoming for all.
A note on the use of Latinx Throughout this document, we use Latinx as a gender-inclusive term to refer to those who hold Latin American and/or Hispanic cultural or racial identities, including Latinos and Latinas, but also individuals with non-binary or gender-expansive identities.
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Parents and families play an essentialParents role in adolescentpromoting and well-being. health TheImportance of Family
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT 4 2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | The Importance of Family 5
”
When I told my mom, she said: said: she mom, my told I When “ bring the love of your life with life you. of your love the bring with falling in love?’ So it’s normal. normal. So it’s love?’ in with falling Not a praise or mistake, it’s normal. it’s mistake, or a praise Not Just bring a girl over and I’ll treat her I’ll and over a girl bring Just ‘Honey I want you to come home and and home to come I want you ‘Honey with all my love as well. What’s wrong What’s well. as love my with all I don’t see why you have to announce this. to announce have why you see I don’t .
3 LGBTQ families youth whose are and accepting are supportive outcomes health positive several across to experience more likely self-esteem greater dimensions including: and resilience; a lowered risk of depression, distress and feelings of hopelessness; and a reduced risk of substance use. However, many LGBTQ their sexual sharing that youth report However, identity with their family is incredibly or gender orientation stressful. youth surveyedLatinx their real and perceived fears of say that rejection compounded are comments they hear about by negative the LGBTQ community from parents and family members. As a youth-serving professional, you can provide life-changing support to LGBTQ youth who may not receive it from their Latinx parents or family members. also be possible, you may able Where to play a role in educating families in your community. Negative attitudes voicedNegative members, by family peers and other community LGBTQmembers can make youth reluctant to disclose or embrace their processown identity. Living authentically is a deeply personal can and one that professionals who for LGBTQ Youth-serving be more complex even of color. youth wish to better understand the specific challenges LGBTQ youth face on their Latinx coming out journeys are encouraged to read HRC’s resource Coming Out: Living Authentically as LGBTQ Americans Latinx
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | The Importance of Family 6 2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | The Importance of Family 7 72% have heard family members say members family heard have of LGBTQ Latinx youth surveyed LatinxofLGBTQ youth negative things about LGBTQ people 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx | The Importance of Family of Importance The Only 1 in 5 have had family get involved in the larger LGBTQ community
8 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx | “I don’t like talking Family of Importance The about myself in general, and I live in a small town, so it’s not always safe to be myself.”
9 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx | The Importance of Family of Importance The
45% 28% of transgender youth of cisgender LGBQ youth have been taunted or mocked by family
10 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
“I never actually came out to | my parents, they just asked Family of Importance The me. When I said yes, I do like girls, my mom said something I will never forget: ‘I just need you to know that what you’re doing is not right.’ It tore me.”
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In addition to the fear of In addition familial rejection, LGBTQ a variety youth face Latinx of stressors – harassment, peer rejection, bullying have – that and isolation a major impact on their well-being.overall
The Burden of Rejection
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT 12 2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | The Burden of Rejection 13 31% or gender expression because of their sexual sexual of their because orientation, gender identity have received verbal threats 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx | The Burden of Rejection 85% rate their average stress a five or higher on a 10 point scale 93% of genderqueer Latinx youth rate their stress a five or higher on a 10 point scale
14 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx | “Although I have come out The Burden of Rejection to a few of my friends, I am still not sure if I should open up to my counselor. If the counselor mentioned it, I would open up, though.”
15 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
“I came out to my counselor in | The Burden of Rejection hopes of her helping me, which she did. My teachers don’t know me by my preferred name, but she made a point that when I step in her office, that’s what she’ll call me.”
16 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
LGBTQ Latinx youth face significant challenges accessing affirming, supportive counseling services or mental health support. LGBTQ Latinx youth are also wary of opening up; only six percent of respondents said they would be very comfortable discussing a question about their LGBTQ identity with a counselor. This may
be because their counselors do not seem open to discussing LGBTQ topics. | The Burden of Rejection However, several respondents wrote in that they would be more willing to talk about their identities if they knew their counselors were supportive. Access to mental health service providers that are culturally competent and LGBTQ-affirming is essential to the well-being of these youth. Many learning opportunities, from web-based learning modules to large-scale conferences, are available to professional counselors and therapists who work with LGBTQ youth and wish to improve their skills, knowledge and competence in working with young people who have intersecting LGBTQ and Latinx identities.5
17 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx | The Burden of Rejection 95% have had trouble getting to sleep
18 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
“usually” | 79% feel depressed The Burden of Rejection or down
73% 82% “usually” feel “usually” feel worthless or worried, nervous hopeless or panicked
19 Only 34% in the past year past the in received counseling
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | The Burden of Rejection 20 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
“I don’t know where my | counselor stands on LGBTQ The Burden of Rejection rights. In her office, there are things that say ‘no whining,’ which I find makes it more difficult to discuss things without thinking that she just assumes I’m whining about everything.”
21 ” community and racism. I definitely would feel more comfortable makes him such an incredible role model. model. role incredible an such him makes “ religion get in the way of his opinion, which which opinion, of way his the in get religion he takes his job seriously and never lets his never and seriously job takes his he Although, I do believe I would be more open open more be I would believe I do Although, if he would talk about things like the LGBTQ the like things about talk would if he I know he has religion outside of school, but of school, outside religion has I know he open about the LGBTQ community in school. school. in community LGBTQ the about open talking to my counselor if he would be more be would if he counselor to my talking
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | The Burden of Rejection 22 2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | The Burden of Rejection 23 43% LGBTQ identities feel critical of their of their critical feel 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
“Being straight is ‘normal’ so I’m | The Burden of Rejection not confident that a counselor in my school would be much help because they would have no experience in the issues I may be facing due to my being gay. Also, I would trust an LGBTQ person more, especially one of color.”
24 2018 YOUTH REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx When Schools Fall Short While some schools offer safe and affirming spaces that enable LGBTQ youth to thrive, many young people still experience negative, and even hostile, school environments.
Without non-discrimination laws and state-wide policies to protect LGBTQ students or comprehensive cultural competency training, the majority of LGBTQ Latinx youth remain vulnerable to discrimination, harassment, and bullying from peers, teachers and administrators.6 Youth-serving professionals must be attentive to how racial and ethnocultural oppression uniquely affect the experiences of LGBTQ Latinx youth.
25 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx | When Schools Fall Schools Short When Only 28%
always feel safe in the classroom
26 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx | “If anyone ever mentioned Fall Schools Short When any LGBT themes at school, it would either be met with homophobic jokes or our teacher would quickly move on from the subject.”
27 ” ‘offend’ or ‘inflame’ anyone. some people don’t. It depends on what on It depends don’t. people some LGBTQ topics are not talked about at all. at all. about talked are not topics LGBTQ my school; some people get sex ed and and ed sex get people some school; my just not brought up in school so as to so not as school in up brought not just People pretend like we don’t exist. There don’t we like pretend People isn’t even a consistent sex ed program at program ed sex a consistent even isn’t who didn’t teach it. But LGBTQ topics are it. topics LGBTQ But teach didn’t who health teacher you get and I got a teacher teacher a I got and get you teacher health “
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | When Schools Fall Short 28 | 2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT When Schools Fall Short 29 5 Over in 3 were teased at school at school teased were about their race/ethnicity their about 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx | When Schools Fall Schools Short When *#!@?! 73% have been verbally insulted because of their LGBTQ identity 40% say this has happened three or more times
30 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
“Being in a Catholic, all-girls school, LGBTQ topics aren’t really discussed | and are put on the back burner. The only Fall Schools Short When message given to us is that if our sexuality is something other than heterosexuality, we should practice a life of chastity. We are taught that it is okay to be queer, so long as we do not act on it (through marriage, sexual intercourse, etc.).”
31 ” Most LGBTQ things are things LGBTQ Most “ usually in casual settings. casual in usually discussed outside of health of health outside discussed class. I found out most of my most out I found class. club and the Internet. There are many ally teachers at my school school my at teachers ally many who like to discuss LGBTQ topics, topics, LGBTQ to discuss like who information from my school’s GSA school’s my from information
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | When Schools Fall Short 32 | 2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT When Schools Fall Short 33 Only have received information about 15% 13% Only safer sex that was relevant school to in them about being LGBTQ in school in LGBTQ being about have heard positive messages messages positive heard have 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
“Same-sex relationships were briefly alluded to in our ‘relationships’ unit (we learned how | When Schools Fall Schools Short When to create and sustain healthy relationships) but only because the omission would have been glaring. You could tell that LGBTQ+ people and issues didn’t come across our teacher’s radar often, and it was met with a little laughter from the class. It felt like a topic that was being ignored or skirted around, and was not discussed in any way.”
34 2018 YOUTH REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx At the Intersection: Racism-related Stress
Negative experiences, whether in the classroom, in the halls, at lunch or during extracurricular activities, have a tremendous impact on LGBTQ Latinx youth’s overall health and well-being.7
We also cannot discuss the experiences of LGBTQ Latinx youth without acknowledging the historical and contemporary realities of white supremacy and its impact on Latinx people in the United States. The combination of discriminatory policies, systems, portrayals and biases complicate the ability of LGBTQ Latinx youth to fully express and explore their intersecting racial and LGBTQ identities.8
35 5 in 4 have experienced racial discrimination
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | At the Intersection: Racism-related Stress 36 2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | At The Intersection: Racism-related Stress 37
95% believe racism affects the lives of Latinx people of Latinx lives the ” Being in such a “ about the LGBTQ+ LGBTQ+ the about easiest thing to do. community, while also being a minority, isn’t the the isn’t a minority, being conservative state, talking talking state, conservative
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | At the Intersection: Racism-related Stress 38 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
Only | 7% Stress Racism-related Intersection: the At believe Latinx people are regarded positively in the United States
39 5 in every day 1 thinks about racism
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | At the Intersection: Racism-related Stress 40 2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT 41 Transgender and gender-expansive youth Transgender serious face particularly of all backgrounds challenges the school system. in transgender youth, all transgender youth,Latinx like report that they often feel unsafe and unprotected school. at Furthermore, youth report beingtransgender Latinx barred using locker from their gender identity, facilities match rooms and bathroom that being misgendered and being called the wrong name by adults and peers. Combined,effects the and physical harassment along of verbal discriminatorywith overtly practices and policies damaging have youth. for transgender and gender-expansive Latinx implications Transgender Youth Youth Transgender Support Need Our Only ze/hir/hirs they/them she/her they/them 19% the correct pronouns were always called by called always were
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | Transgender Youth Need Our Support 42 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx | HELLO Transgender Youth Support Our Need my name is Only are always called by their 38% true name
43 Only 33% their gender identity that completely reflects completely that are able to dress in a way to dress in able are
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | Transgender Youth Need Our Support 44 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
MEN WOMEN | Transgender Youth Support Our Need 72% use restrooms that do not align with their gender identity at least some of the time 64% of transgender Latinx youth try to avoid using the restroom during the school day
45 2018 YOUTH REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx To Be or Not to Be Out Every coming out story is unique. LGBTQ youth who identify as Latinx often face a more complex process than some of their peers as they reconcile multiple and intersecting identities.
46 2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | To Be or Not to Be Out 47 ” finally come out and shine. and out come finally as LGBTQ who are still hiding in the shadows shadows the in hiding LGBTQ are who as still This school year, I am working together with a together working I am year, school This group of my friends to make a LGBTQ club that a LGBTQ club to make of friends my group all grade levels and allow them to freely express them allow and levels grade all who they really are. There are really are. There total a they who of six of us, will provide a safe place for our classmates from our for a safe provide place will “ I am part of that community. I am one of the few of the one I am partI am of that community. to be able to help and to see all those who identify who those all to see and to help able to be who is out and proud in our school. I am so excited so excited I am school. our in proud and out is who including our sponsor, and I am grateful I am to say that and sponsor, our including ” background and bisexuality. background Being able to speak on diversity, diversity, on to speak able Being and I’ve become a vocal activist a vocal become I’ve and part of, including my multicultural “ standing up for any identity I am a I am identity any for up standing inclusivity and equity at my school school my at equity and inclusivity on campus. I am very I am comfortable campus. on has led me to leadership opportunities opportunities to leadership me led has
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT | To Be or Not to Be Out 48 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
Potential language barriers, culture, nationality, religious identities and family dynamics can pull youth in different directions as they navigate the coming out process. | To Out or Not to Be Be Yet, studies show that LGBTQ youth who live openly are more likely to experience positive outcomes such as better academic performance, higher self esteem and lower rates of anxiety and depression.9
To best support LGBTQ Latinx youth through the coming out process, youth-serving professionals must take into account how intersectional factors shapes each individual’s experience. Resources like HRC’s Coming Out: Living Authentically as LGBTQ Latinx Americans are a good place to start.
49 2018 REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx Who are Latinx youth out as LGBQ to?
Teacher 43% 50% 7%
Parent 30% 51% 19% | To Out or Not to Be Be Sibling 36% 27% 37%
Extended family 64% 31% 5%
LGBTQ friend 5% 32% 63%
Non-LGBTQ friend 7% 60% 33%
Classmate 16% 69% 16%
Coworker 70% 20% 10%
Coach 79% 15% 6%
Religious community 82% 16% 3%
Strangers 47% 48% 5%
Doctor 74% 20% 6%
Out to some, Out to none Out to all but not all
Percentages may add up to over 100 due to rounding.
50 2018 Who are Latinx youth out as transgender, REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx non-binary, or gender expansive to?
Teacher 45% 43% 12%
Parent 40% 37% 19% | To Out or Not to Be Be Sibling 47% 23% 30%
Extended family 64% 29% 6%
LGBTQ friend 7% 47% 47%
Non-LGBTQ friend 22% 56% 22%
Classmate 26% 64% 10%
Coworker 75% 18% 7%
Coach 78% 12% 10%
Religious community 85% 11% 3%
Strangers 51% 46% 3%
Doctor 68% 22% 10%
Out to some, Out to none Out to all but not all
Percentages may add up to over 100 due to rounding.
51 We must also confront the very real and present discriminatoryWe policies, institutional obstacles and anti-Latinx too many LGBTQ hinder bias that youth from fully Latinx to be.thriving as who they are meant supporting LGBTQWhen youth, to address Latinx the anti-LGBTQ it’s imperative attitudes,and other systems of oppression racism present that undue challenges to their well-being. professionals, Youth-serving parents, policy-makers school staff, and community members can find general tips here that, always, as should be viewed through an intersectional lens. What You Can Do Can You What Every in changing the landscape adult can play a role for LGBTQ youth. Latinx Often, impactful small but loving and supportive reinforce inclusive, actions can environments in homes, and communities. schools
2018 Latinx LGBTQ YOUTH REPORT 52 2018 Respondent Profile REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
Gender Identity
N Values Cisgender boy, cisgender girl, transgender boy and transgender girl Cisgender boy 938 numbers are a combination of self-identification and concordance with sex assigned at birth. N-values may add up to more than
Cisgender girl 1379 number of respondents as some participants self identity with Transgender boy 355 more than one answer choice provided. Transgender girl 43 Non-binary 296 Includes write-ins such as: agender, androgynous, Genderqueer 247 bigender, confused/don’t know, demigender, Different Identity 121 genderfluid/flux, questioning, not listed and more.
Ability Age 31% 27%
20% 12% 19% 14% 8% have a disability don’t know
13 14 15 16 17
Percentages may add up to over 100 due to rounding.
53 2018
REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx Sexual Orientation Location 41% Gay or Lesbian 38% 34%
Bisexual 37% 13% 13%
Pansexual 14% | Respondent Profile Respondent Northeast Midwest South West Asexual 3% Parental Country of Origin Queer 3%
both parents Questioning 2% 46% born in USA
Other 2%
23% 31%
Straight some parents no parents 1% born in USA born in USA
are multiracial speak English as a 36% 1 in 4 second language
Percentages may add up to over 100 due to rounding. 54 2018 Acknowledgements REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx
The HRC Foundation’s Children, Youth and Families Program creates welcoming, Public Education & Research Program affirming and supportive environments for LGBTQ The HRC Foundation’s Public Education & Research prospective parents, LGBTQ-led families and LGBTQ Program spearheads a wide variety of LGBTQ advocacy youth. Special thanks to Ellen Kahn and Jay Brown for and outreach campaigns, working to ensure that their leadership and guidance on this and similar resources the HRC Foundation’s resources and programs are related to the well-being of LGBTQ youth. timely, impactful and inclusive. In addition to publishing This survey and report would not be possible without resource guides, informational materials and reports, Dr. Ryan Watson and Dr. Rebecca Puhl of the the team conducts original quantitative and qualitative Department of Human Development and Family Studies research exploring the lived experiences of LGBTQ at the University of Connecticut. Additional thank you to people. The program also collaborates with academic Dialectic for all their work on this resource. researchers and provides guidance to other HRC initiatives in support of efforts to advance LGBTQ equality Thank you to the many LGBTQ Latinx advocates and and well-being. Special thanks to Senior Research allies who shared their stories and expertise in this and Manager Liam Miranda and Senior Content Manager similar resources. Additional thank you to many current Mark Lee for their leadership and work on this resource. and former HRC staff members that contributed to the creation and development of this resource. Children, Youth & Families Program Becoming a parent, sending your 5-year-old to We would also like to thank the Coca-Cola Foundation kindergarten, watching your teenager graduate from high for their generous support that helped us create this school — these are life’s biggest moments. For LGBTQ important resource. parents and LGBTQ children, they can also be some of life’s most challenging moments. That’s where HRC’s Children, Youth and Families Program comes in. Through innovative training and direct consultation with schools, child welfare agencies and other service providers, HRC’s
55 2018 YOUTH REPORT YOUTH LGBTQ Latinx References
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1 LGBTQ Latinx youth includes all youth who selected “Latinx, Hispanic, or Mexican-American” as one or more of their ethnoracial identities 2 Wray-Lake, L, Wells, R., Alvis, L., Delgado, S., Syversten, A.K., Metzger. (2018) Being a Latinx Adolescent Under a Trump Presidency: Analysis of Latinx Youth’s Reactions to Immigration Politics, Children and Youth Services Review, Vol. 87. 192-204. Eaton A. & Rios D. (2017), Social Challenges Faced by Queer Latino College Men: Navigating Negative Responses to Coming Out in a Double Minority Sample of Emerging Adults, Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, Vol.23, No.4, 457-467. Cerezo, A. (2016). The Impact of Discrimination on Mental Health Symptomatology in Sexual Minority Immigrant Latinas, Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 2015, Col. 3 No.3, 283-292.
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3 Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Diaz, R.M. & Sanchez, J. (2009). Family Rejection as a Predictor of Negative Health Outcomes in White and Latino Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual
Young Adults. Pediatrics, 123 (1), 346-352. Ryan, C., Russell, S., Huebner, D., Diaz, R., & Sanchez, J. (2010). Family Acceptance in Adolescence and the Health of LGBT Young Adults. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 23(4), 205-213.
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4 Birkett, M., Newcomb, M.E., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Does it Get Better? A Longitudinal Analysis of Psychological Distress and Victimization in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Questioning Youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56 (3), 280-285.
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5 The marginalization of ethnically diverse LGBTQ communities has resulted in ineffective treatment and poor outcomes with mental health services. In their 2009 article, Wynn and West-Olatunji advocate for the use of Culture-Centered Counseling with ethnically diverse LGBTQ clients. They note that this approach “emphasizes social-cultural conditions by examining contextual factors that influence client empowerment and self-awareness. Additionally, this theoretical framework uses the clients’ own value-based conceptualization of psychological wellness to situate the therapeutic process. Thus, Culture-Centered Counseling offers a more effective approach for intervening with this population because it addresses the unique needs, experiences, and worldviews of ethnically diverse LGBT individuals. Wynn & West-Olatunji, (2009) Use of Culture-Centered Counseling Theory with Ethnically Diverse LGBT Clients, Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 3:198-2014.
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6 According to data from a 2016 Pew Research Center report, Latinx youth drop out of high school at a higher rate than their peers. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/07/28/5-facts-about-latinos-and-education/
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7 Zewditu, D., Rasberry, C., Steiner, R., Brener, N., & McManus, T. (2018). Trends in Secondary Schools’s Practices to Support Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Students, 2008-2014). American Journal of Public Health, 108 (4), 557-564. 8 Wray-Lake, L, Wells, R., Alvis, L., Delgado, S., Syversten, A.K., Metzger. (2018) Being a Latinx Adolescent Under a Trump Presidency: Analysis of Latinx Youth’s Reactions to Immigration Politics, Children and Youth Services Review, Vol. 87. 192-204. Eaton A. & Rios D. (2017), Social Challenges Faced by Queer Latino College Men: Navigating Negative Responses to Coming Out in a Double Minority Sample of Emerging Adults, Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, Vol.23, No.4, 457-467. Cerezo, A. (2016). The Impact of Discrimination on Mental Health Symptomatology in Sexual Minority Immigrant Latinas, Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity 2015, Col. 3 No.3, 283-292.
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9 Russell, S. & Fish, J.N., (2016) Mental Health in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Youth. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 465-487.
56 As the largest civil rights organization working to achieve equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer Americans, the Human Rights Campaign represents a force of more than 3 million members and supporters nationwide — all committed to making HRC's vision a reality. HRC envisions a world where lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people are embraced as full members of society at home, at work and in every community.