9202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 3 SENATE S. 1009. An act granting a pension to Bert W. Helmer; S. 1251. An act for the relief of certain settlers in the town WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 1940 site of Ketchum, Idaho; (Legislative day of Monday, July 1, 1940) S.1376. An act for the relief of Cothran Motors, Inc.; S. 1531. An act for the relief of EdmundS. Dennis; The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration S. 1789. An act to authorize the cancelation of deportation of the recess. proceedings in the case of Florence Sinclair Cooper and Rev. Duncan Fraser, assistant rector, Church of the Epiph­ daughter, Margaret Lavallie, and PhilipP. Roy; any, Washington, D. C.. offered the following prayer: S. 1810. An act for the relief of the Citizens State Bank Almighty and most gracious God, who in olden times hast of Marianna, Fla.; declared Thy will and love for us through Thy law and S. 2111. An act to amend the act entitled "An act granting prophets, and hast spoken to us through Thine only begotten additional quarantine powers and imposing additional duties Son: Grant us grace, we beseech Thee, to speak a good word upon the Marine Hospital Service," approved February 15, for Thee, and ever glory in the privilege of being called Thy 1893, as amended; children. Through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. S. 2413. An act granting a pension to Arminda Bauman; S. 2595. An act for the relief of Lloyd S. Harris; SENATOR FROM VERMONT S. 2704. An act for the relief of Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Black Mr. AUSTIN. Mr. President, I present the credentials of and Marion Rabren; ERNEST W. GIBSON, formerly known as ERNEST W. GIBSON, Jr., S. 2768. An act authorizing the naturalization of Thomas as a Senator from the State of Vermont. A. Lambie; The VICE PRESIDENT. The credentials will be read. · S. 2773. An act to authorize the payment of compensation The Chief Clerk read as follows: to recess appointees in certain cases; To the PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES: S. 2774. An act for the relief of Jose Mauri; This is to certify that, pursuant to the power vested in me by S. 2775. An act for the relief of Henry Gideon Schiller; the Constitution of the United States and the laws of the State of Vermont, I, George D. Aiken, the Governor of said State, do S. 2799. An act for the relief of James George Mayfield; hereby appoint ERNEST W. GIBSON, formerly known as ERNEST W. S. 2817. An act for the relief of J. H. Ch'L;trchwell Wholesale GmsoN, Jr., a Senator from said State to represent said State 1n Co., of Jacksonville, Fla.; the Senate of the United States until the vacancy therein, caused by the death of Ernest W. Gibson, is filled by election, as proVided S. 2909. An act for the relief of Dexter and Elizabeth by law. Shiomi; Witness: His Excellency, our Governor, George D. Aiken, and our S. 2915. An act relating to rentals in certain oil and gas seal hereto affixed at Montpelier, thif! 24th day of June, 1n the year leases issued under authority of the act of February 25, 1920, of our Lord, 1940. (SEAL) GEORGE D. AIKEN, as amended, and for other purposes; Governor. S. 2969. An act for the relief of Louise Thorne; By the Governor: S. 2988. An act for the relief of Bessie Sharrah; RAWSON C. MYRICK, Secretary of State. S. 3021. An act for the relief of A. A. Ramsay; S. 3023. An act for the relief of Clarence E. Enders and The VICE PRESIDENT. The credentials will be placed on Gertrude Ray Enders; file. S. 3039. An act for the relief of Twila Snyder; Mr. AUSTIN. Mr. President, the Senator-designate is S. 3059. An act for the relief of Velvie W. Smith and the present and ready to take the oath. legal guardian of Glenn Richard Smith; The VICE PRESIDENT. If the Senator-designate will pre­ S. 3062. An act for the relief of the Rodgers Tile Co.; sent himself at the desk, the oath will be administered to S. 3101. An act for the relief of certain purchasers of, and him. entrymen upon, opened lands of certain Indian reservations; Mr. GffiSON, accompanied by Mr. AUSTIN, advanced to the S. 3111. An act for the relief of Thomas L. Gardner; Vice President's desk, and, the oath prescribed by law having S. 3146. An act relating to the citizenship of William Law­ been administered to him, be took his seat in the Senate. rence Tan; THE JOURNAL S. 3256. An act to enable Sadao Tanaka to remain perma­ On request of Mr. HARRISON, and by unanimous consent, nently in the United States; the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of the calendar S. 3351. An act for the relief of I. M. Cook, J. J. Allen, and day of Monday, July 1, 1940, was dispensed with, and the the Radiator Specialty Co.; Journal was approved. S. 3401. An act for the relief of Charles N. Barber, former MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT-APPROVAL OF BILLS AND JOINT United States property and disbursing offi.cer, Vermont Na­ RESOLUTION tional Guard, and for other purposes; Messages in writing from the President of the United S. 3412. An act for the relief of John Nicholas Chicouras; States were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Latta, one S. 3424. An act for the relief of George 0. Elliott and Wins­ of his secretaries, who also announced that the President had low Farr Smith; approved and signed the following bills and joint resolution: S. 3436. An act for the relief of Ethel G. Hamilton; On June 29, 1940: S. 3456. An act to provide for the reimbursement of cer­ S. 2047. An act to divest prize-fight films of their character tain personnel or former personnel of the United States Ma­ as subjects of interstate or foreign commerce, and for other rine Corps for the value of personal effects destroyed as a purposes; . result of a fire at Raritan Arsenal, Metuchen, N.J., on October S. 3927. An act to provide for the administration of the 10, 1938; Washington National Airport, and for other purposes; and S. 3502. An act for the relief of the Epes Transportation S. J. Res. 260. Joint resolution to make emergency provi­ Corporation; sion for the maintenance of essential vessels affected by the S. 3587. An act for the relief of Earl P. Collins; Neutrality Act of 1939, and for adjustment of obligations with S. 3597. An act for the relief of Vernon C. Brown and F. L. respect to such vessels. Copeland; MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE s. 3647. An act f<>r the relief of the legal guardian of Paul A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Sanford, a minor; Calloway, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House S. 3649. An act for the relief of Harry D. Gann; bad passed without amendment the following bills and joint S. 3706. An act for the relief of Alfred G. Balls; resolution of the Senate: S. 3707. An act for the relief of certain disbursing agents S. 349. An act for the relief of C. F. Cooley, administrator and certifying officers of the Indian Service, the United States of the estate of Charles F. Cooley, Jr.; Veterans' Administration, and the Treasury Department; s. 993. An act for the relief of J. H. Wootton; S. 3742. An act for the relief of M. E. McGivern; 1940_ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9203 S. 3748. An act for the relief of Guy F. Allen, chief dis­ S. 3550. An act to make unlawful the transportation of bursing officer, Division of Disbursement, Treasury Depart­ convict-made goods in interstate and foreign commerce; ment; · S. 3929. An act to extend the times for commencing and S. 3749. An act to relieve certain employees of the Veterans' completing the construction of a bridge across the Mississippi Administration from financial liability for certain overpay­ ' River at or near Memphis, Tenn.; and ments and allow such credit therefor as is necessary in the S. 4097. An act to provide for the disposition of estates of accounts of certain disbursing officers, and for other purposes; American citizens who die abroad. S. 3763. An act for the relief of Capt. David H. Passell and The message further announced that the House had passed First Lt. Paul E. LaMaster; the following bills and joint resolution, severally with amend­ S. 3769. An act for the relief of Jerry McKinley Thompson; ments, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate;­ S. 3780. An act authorizing Alabama Bridge Commission S. 29. An act to authorize the use of certain facilities of ·(an agency of the State of Alabama) to construct, maintain, national parks and national monuments for elementary school and operate a toll bridge and causeway between Dauphin purposes; Island and the mainland at or near Cedar Point, within the S. 134. An act providing for continuing retirement pay. State of Alabama; under certain conditions, of officers and former officers of the s. 3794. An act for the relief of certain Navajo Indians, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps of the United States, other and for other purposes; than officers of the Regular Army, NavY, or Marine Corps, S. 3807. An act to extend the times for commencing and who incurred physical disability while in the service of the completing the construction of a bridge across the Missouri United States during the World War, and for other purposes; . River at or near Arrow Rock, Mo.; S.182. An act for the relief of Edward Hagenson; S. 3808. An act to provide for the reimbursement of certain S. 2018. An act for the relief of Nile Shaw and Edgar C. officers apd enlisted men or former officers and enlisted men Bardin; of the United States Navy for personal property lost in the S. 2570. An act for the relief of Mary Boyd; hurricane and flood at New London, Conn., on September 21, S. 2717. An act for the relief of Edward J. Broggi; 1938; S. 2800. An act for the relief of Edward J. Ross, and the S. 3899. An act to defray the cost of returning to the United legal guardian of Betty Ross, a minor; States the remains, families, and effects of officers and em­ S. 3131. An act to extend the benefits of the United States ployees dying abroad, and for other purposes; Employees' Compensation Act to members of the Officers' Re­ S. 3916. An act for the relief of Lawrence T. Post, G. F. serve Corps and of the Enlisted Reserve Corps of the Army Allen, and D. Buddrus; who were physically injured in line of duty while performing S. 3931. An act for the acquisition of Indian lands for the · active duty or engaged in authorized training between dates Parker Dam and Reservoir project, and for other purposes; · of February 28, 1925, and July 15, 1939, both inclusive, and S. 3972. An act to authorize exchanges of lands within the for other purposes; Navajo Indian Reservation, Ariz.; S. 3280. An act for the relief of the estate of Leslie Everett. S. 3978. An act for the relief of certain former employees deceased; of the National Reemployment Service; S. 3617. An act granting the consent and approval of Con­ S. 4032. An act to provide for the reimbursement of Philip gress to an interstate compact relating to control and reduc­ A. Penston, pharmacist's mate, first class, United States Coast tion of pollution in the Ohio River drainage basin; Guard, for the value of personal and household effects lost S. 3676. An act to withdraw certain portions of land within and destroyed during the hurricane of September 21, 1938, the Hawaii National Park, and to transfer the same to the at New London, Conn.; jurisdiction and control of the Secretary of War for military S. 4048. An act for the relief of Elizabeth K. Peeples; purposes; and S. 4090. An ·act to authorize the Attorney General to do­ S. J. Res. 133. A joint resolution to confer jurisdiction on nate on behalf of the United States to H. S. Scott, D. W. the Court of Claims or the District Court of the United States Collins, Fred M. Gross, trustees, Ashland District Council, for the Northern District of Georgia to hear, determine, and · Boy Scouts of America, the log house known as the John render judgment upon the claim of Mrs. J. W. Marks, of Secrest home, located on the site of the Federal Correctional Stephens County, Ga. Institution near Ashland, Ky.; The message also announced that the House had sevenally S. 4126. An act for the relief of Anne Howard Lay; and agreed to the amendment of the Senate to the following bills S. J. Res. 222. Joint resolution granting the consent of Con­ of the House: gress to the States of Maryland and West Virginia and the H. R.1435. An act for the relief of A. . s. Tait; Commonwealths of Virginia and Pennsylvania and the Dis­ H. R. 2358. An act for the relief of Alfred Joseph Wright; trict of Columbia as signatory bodies, to enter into a compact H. R. 3171. An act for the relief of George L. Sheldon; for the creation of a Potomac Valley Conservancy District H. R. 6424. An act to provide for the transportation and and the establishment of the Interstate Commission on the distribution of mails on motor-vehicle routes; Potomac River Basin. H. R. 7861. An act conferring jurisdiction upon the Court of Claims to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the The message also announced that the House had passed the claims of HannahS. Bray, Jane Bickers, and Frances Bickers; following bills of the Senate, severally with an amendment, H. R. 8024. An act to provide for the leasing of restricted· in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate: allotments of deceased Indians in certain circumstances, and S. 458. An act extending the benefits of the Emergency Offi­ for other purposes; and cers' Retirement Act of May 24, 1928, to provisional, pro-. H. R. 8499. An act relating to adoption of minors by Indians: bationary, or temporary officers of the Army, Navy, Marine The message further announced that the House had sev­ Corps, and Coast Guard who served during the World War; erally agreed to the amendments of the Senate to· the follow­ S. 527. An act for the relief of J. J. Greenleaf; ing bills of the House: S. 1114. An act to extend the jurisdiction of the United H. R. 3161. An act for the relief of the estate and minor States District Court, Territory of Hawaii, over the Midway children of Dale W. and Gladys M. Guise, Sally C. Guise, and Islands, Wake Island, Johnston Island, Sand Island, King­ Martha G. and Arnold E. Orner; man Reef; Kure Island, Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis H. R. 4828. An act to amend the law limiting the operation Island, Canton Island, Enderbury Island, and for other of statutes of limitations in certain cases; purposes; H. R. 5258. An act for the relief of Betty Lou Prady; S. 2289. An act for the relief of the Leesburg Welding & H. R. 6831. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior Garage Co.; to lease certain of the public lands to the Metropolitan Water S. 2560. An act for the relief of Marjorie Buchek; District of Southern California for the extraction of sodium S. 2561. An act for the relief-of Ina Jones; chloride for water-conditioning purposes; 9204 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 3 H. R. 7843. An act for the relief of Clifford J. Williams; and H. R. 6456. An act for the relief of John Toepel, Robert H. R. 9114. An act authorizing advancements from the Fed­ Scott, Widmer Smith, and Louis Knowlton; eral Emergency Administration of Public Works for the con­ H. R. 6639. An act for the relief of George F. Kermath; struction of a recorder-of-deeds building in the District of H. R. 6699. An act for the relief of special tax school dis­ Columbia, and for other purposes. tricts Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5, Broward County, Fla.; The message also announced that the House had disagreed H. R. 6740. An act for the relief of the estate of J. L. Fret­ to the amendment of the Senate to the bill Federal Security Agency, Social Security Board (2), and the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi­ Federal Works Agency, Work Projects Administration (3), cation from the President of the United States, which, with which are not needed in the conduct of business and have no the accompanying report, was referred to the Committee on permanent value or historical interest, and requesting action Banking and Currency and ordered to be printed in the looking to their disposition, which, with the accompanying RECORD, as follows: papers, were referred to a Joint Select Committee on the THE WHITE HOUSE, Disposition of Papers in the Executive Departments. Washington, July 1, 1940. The VICE PRESIDENT appointed Mr. BARKLEY and Mr. ToBEY members of the committee on the part of the Senate. MY DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I have the honor to transmit here­ with for the information of the Congress a letter dated June PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS 27, 1940, from the Secretary of the Treasury transmitting, The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a resolution pursuant to the provisions of the act approved March 8, 1938 of the Civic Center Auxiliary Club, protesting against steps (52 Stat. 107), an act to maintain unimpaired the capital of leading toward war and condemning any move which would the Commodity Credit Corporation at $100,000,000 and for lead to the sacrifice of American men on foreign soil, which other purposes, an appraisal of all the assets and liabilities of was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. the said Corporation as of March 31, 1940. He also laid before the Senate a telegram in the nature of a On the basis of such appraisal the Commodity Credit Cor­ petition from Lewis Norton, of San Francisco, Calif., praying poration has been directed to deposit in the Treasury the sum for the enactment of legislation to deport Harry Bridges, of $43,756,731.01. During the fiscal year 1938 it was neces­ which was referred to the Committee on Immigration. sary for the Congress to appropriate $94,285,404.73 to main­ He also laid before the Senate a telegram in the nature of tain unimpaired the capital of the Commodity Credit Cor­ a memorial from the crew of theM. S. Jeff Da.vis, signed by poration and it was necessary for the Congress to appropriate R. J. Corbin, T. F. Blaney, and M. F. Crossby, committee, for the fiscal year 1939, a further amount of $119,599,918.05 Houston, Tex., remonstrating against the enactment of House to maintain unimpaired the capital of the Corporation. bill 9766, providing for the deportation of Harry Bridges, There has been appropriated $213,885,322.78 for this purpose, which was referred to the Committee on Immigration. and after giving effect to the recovery of $43,756,731.01 during · He also laid before the Senate a telegram in the nature of the current fiscal year, the net expenditures for the last a petition from G. Wilhelm Kunze, national leader, German­ 3 years amount to $170,128,591.77. American Bund, New York City, N.Y., requesting a hearing The policy adopted by the Congress and incorporated in the before a bill requiring registration of German-American Bund act approved March 8, 1938, providing for an annual appraisal with the Department of Justice is acted upon, which was of the assets of the Commodity Credit Corporation makes it referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. possible to include currently in each annual budget the ex­ He also laid before the Senate a telegram in the nature of penditures necessary to support the program which that Cor­ a memorial from George W. Russell, of Augusta, Maine, poration is engaged upon or the receipts which the Govern­ remonstrating against confirmation of the nominations of ment receives from that activity. Henry L. Stimson to be Secretary of War and Frank Knox Respectfully, to be Secretary of the Navy, which was ordered to lie on the FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. table. Han. JOHN NANCE GARNER, He also laid before the Senate a letter in the nature of a President of the Senate, Washington, D. C. petition from the United Business Men's Association of Phil­ [Enclosure.] adelphia, Pa., praying that as much of the cost of the defense 9206 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 3 program as possible be secured from current income, and also He also presented resolutions of U. 0. P. W. A., No. 2 that as much of the money spent for relief as possible be Massachusetts, favoring Oil City, Pa., pledging its full support to the national-defense the preservation of liberty and democracy in the United program, which was ordered to lie on the table. States, which was ordered to lie on the table. He also laid before the Senate a resolution adopted by the Paderewski Singing Society, of Amsterdam, N. Y., favoring OUTLAWING OF SUBVERSIVE POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS President Roosevelt's policies with respect to aid to the Allies, Mr. KING. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to whfch was ordered to lie on the table. · have inserted in the RECORD and appropriately referred a He also laid before the Senate resolutions of the Lions Clubs letter which I have received from the American Legion of of Cameron and Detroit, Tex., and the convention of the Salt Lake City, Utah, Post No. 2, together with a resolution Pennsylvania Association of Lions Clubs, at Oil City, Pa., adopted· by that splendid organization. · favoring the adoption of an adequate national-defense pro­ There being no objection, the letter and the resolution were gram and the suppression of all subversive activities, which referred to the Committee on the Judiciary and ordered to be were ordered to lie on the table. printed in the RECORD, as follows: Mr. VANDENBERG presented a petition of sundry citizens THE AMERICAN LEGION, SALT LAKE PosT, No. 2, of the State of Michigan, praying for the enactment of the Salt Lake City, Utah, June 21, 1940. so-called Townsend pension plan, which was referred to the Hon. WILLIAM H. KING, United States Senator, Senate Building, Washington, D. C. Committee on Finance. DEAR SENATOR KING: We transmit herewith copy of resolution He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of the State adopted by Salt Lake Post, No. 2, the American Legion, at its reg­ of Michigan, praying that the United States keep out of war, ular meeting held at Salt Lake City, Utah, on June 20, 1940, con­ which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. cerning certain legislation now pending before Congress outlawing the illegal and improper use of political organiz.ations for subver­ He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Michigan, sive purposes. As there indicated, we trust you will give your praying that Congress remain in session during the existing full support to the adoption of such legislation. emergency, endorsing an adequate national-defense program, We will appreciate your prompt acknowledgment of the enclosed and the suppression of subversive activities, which was ordered resolution and an indication as to your attitude on the proposed legislation. - to lie on the table. Very truly yours, Mr. WALSH presented a resolution of Quincy Local, No. (Signed) B. K. FARNSWORTH, 366, Oil Workers' International Union, of East Braintree, Commander, Salt Lake Post, No. 2, the American Legion. Mass., favoring the enactment of legislation to give the l!ous­ (Signed) WM. J. HIGBEE, ing Authority the right to carry on work in localities neces­ Adjutant, Salt Lake Post, No. 2, the American Legion. sary for industrial-workers engaged in the defense program, which was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. Resolution adopted by Salt Lake Post, No. 2, the American Legion, He also presented petitions numerously signed by sundry at a regular meeting of the post held at Salt Lake City, Utah, on June 20, 1940 citizens of the State of Massachusetts, praying that all pos­ Salt Lake Post, No. 2, the American Legion, acting in con­ sible aid, short of war, be granted to the Allies, which were formity with the policy of the American Legion as indicated by referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. resolutions adopted at its national convention assembled at Chi­ He also presented a telegram in the nature of a petition cago, State of lllinois, September 25-28, 1939, inclusive, hereby requests the Members of the House of Representatives and the from the local branch of the William Allen White Committee Members of the United States Senate from the State of Utah to to Defend America, signed by Lawrence K. Miller, chairman, support legislation now pending before the Congress of the United praying that all possible aid, short of war, be granted to the States having for its purpose the outlawing as political parties Allies, which was referred to the Committee on Foreign groups sponsored by or affiliated with any foreign power or foreign political regime. Relations. We recognize the necessity at this time of guarding jealously the He also presented resolutions adopted by the Beverly and civil liberties of the citizens of the Republic. We believe it is Worcester Boston, However, it has been definitely and surely established that sub­ versive groups in the United States have used, and are using, the Mass., stating "That the United American Veterans go on privileges of citizenship in order to destroy our system of free record as being in favor of some sort of a military training government. It is, therefore, the duty of every citizen to prevent and education for all males between the ages of 18 and 45," such illegal and wrongful devices and subterfuges to the end that and so forth, which was referred to the Committee on Military the liberties of all loyal citizens may be protected and sustained. Liberty of conscience, freedom of press, freedom of assembly, free­ Affairs. dom of speech, and the right of suffrage must not become imple­ He also presented petitions of sundry citizens of Norfolk ments of those who seek to destroy the American way of life. and Watertown, Mass., praying that the United States keep There has been a notorious abuse and subversion of the right of out of war, which were ordered to lie on the table. suffrage. Communist, Nazi, and Fascist groups have used the dis­ gufse of political organization to further their nefarious objectives. He also presented resolutions of the Foreign Commerce They have not been, and are not now traditional political parties. Club of Boston, the Irish-American Progressive Association They have used constitutional facilities for the purpose of destroy­ of Massachusetts, of Roxbury, and the Massachusetts Fu­ ing the Government of the United States and imposing upon this neral Directors' Association, all in the State of Massachusetts, Nation a form or forms of government sponsored by tyrants and dictators of the Old World. favoring the adoption of an adequate national-defense pro­ Political differences must and should exist in a free republic, and gram, which were ordered to lie on the table. the spirit of any bona fide and loyal political groups to organize as He also presented resolutions of the Board of Aldermen of a political party must always be protected. The use of party the city of Medford, the executive committee of the Republi­ organization, however, for the purpose of destroying the govern­ ment which gives this freedom of suffrage cannot be tolerated by can Town Committee, of Saugus, and Belmont Post, No. 165, loyal citizens, American Legion, of Belmont, all in the State of Massachu­ Upon this basis and for these reasons, this petition is submitted setts, favoring that Congress remain in session during the With the hope that proposed legislation above-described will be existing emergency, which were ordered to lie on the table. adopted by the Congress of the United States. (Signed) B. K. FARNSWORTH, He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Spring­ Commander, Salt Lake Post, No. 2. field, Mass., praying that Congress remain in session during (Signed) WM. J. HIGBEE, the present crisis, which was ordered to lie on the table. Adjutant. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9207 AMERICAN DECLARATION OF NATIONAL UNITY · Resolved, - That, in view of the present world . situation, we hereby urge our President to proclaim a national day of prayer Mr. AUSTIN. Mr. President, on behalf of the Senator from so that both our leaders and people may seek God's guidance and New Jersey [Mr. BARBOUR] I ask unanimous consent to have strength, and that His will may prevail. · We hope that this resolution may receive your thoughtful con­ incorporated in the RECORD at this point and appropriately sideration. referred the American declaration of national unity by the Sincerely, Council Against Intolerance in America, of which the Sena­ WILLIAM F : RoGERS, tor from New Jersey is one of the co-chairmen. Secretary, Lamoille County Ministers' Association. There being no objection, the declaration was ordered to REPORT OF NAVAL AFFAIRS COMMITTEE lie on the table and to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: Mr. WALSH, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, to AMERICAN DECLARATION OF NATIONAL UNITY which was referred the bill (S. 4165) to provide, .in coopera­ Independence Day has greater significance this year than ever tion with the Port of New York Authority, for the construe- . before. Always an occasion of rejoicing, it has become a festival of thanksgiving, a call to rededication, a symbol of hope. tion in New York Harbor of a graving drydock large eno:ugh For today, war and tyranny have overwhelmed many foreign na­ to accommodate the largest naval ships built or building, tions; disloyal elements within our borders undermine national reported it with an amendment and submitted a report (No. unity by fomenting racial hatred and religious bigotry; antidemo­ 1943) thereon. cratic forces seek to abrogate civil, political, and economic liberties; dictatorships abroad and traitors at home assail the very ideals of BILLS INTRODUCED freedom and equality on which this Nation was founded. Bills were introduced, read the first time, and, by unani­ These ideals and the institutions derived from them, however, are no less precious to. the American people today than in 1776. They mous, consent, the second time, and referred as follows: are our treasured heritage, our most sacred trust. They still make By Mr. OVERTON: . life worth living. They are still worth defending. If need be, they A bill (S. 4177) for the relief of the estate of Dr. John C. are still worth dying for. It is therefore· fitting that on this fourth day of July 1940 we Fitzpatrick and Katherine H. Clagett, and for other pur­ Americans renew the covenant of our ·forefathers, and reaffirm poses; to the Committee on Claims. among ourselves and before all mankind: By Mr. GURNEY: That all men are created equal. A bill Philadelphia, Pa. The following bills were severally read twice by their titles There being no objection, the petition was ordered to and referred, or ordered to be placed on the calendar, as lie on the table . and to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: indicated below: "WE THE AMERICANS," INC., H. R. 719. An act for the relief of Francis G. McDougall; Philadelphia, Pa., June 19, 1940. H. R. 1284. An act for the relief of Sophrania Holmes; A PETITION H. R. 1874. An act for the relief of Mrs. -E. V. Maki; To the Congress of the United States: H. R. 2278. An act for the relief of Carl Hurt; Whereas it is necessary that eternal vigilance be exercised by our H. R. 2490. An act for the relief of Fulton Combs; representatives in the Congress of the United States in order that our American form of government may be preserved and to avoid H. R. 3009. An act for the relief of June Thompson, a the danger of unconstitutional actions by individual officials who minor; might involve this country in a foreign war; and H. R. 3768. An act for the relief of Louis J. Banderet; Whereas the world situation is most critical and requires care­ ful and sound reasoning by our representatives in the Congress: H. R. 3992. An act for the relief of Frank Spears; Now, therefore, H. R. 4628. An act for the relief of John C. Gibbs; "We the Americans," a national organization for the protec­ H. R. 4815. An act for the relief of Henry J. Wise; tion of constitutional government, and for other purposes, hereby H. R. 5040. An act for the relief of Arthur Joseph Reiber, a petit ions the Congress of the United States to remain in continuous session for the duration of the war in Europe. minor; Respectfully submitted. H. R. 5116. An act for the relief of Thomas Miralia and "WE THE AMERICANS," INC., Betty Miralia; By HERBERT J. KOEHLER, President. H. R. 5154. An act for the relief of Charles Kliewe; Attest: H. A. RENNER, Secretary. H. R. 5254. An act for the reli'ef of the captain and crew of the fishing boat Unione No. 1; NATIONAL DAY OF PRAYER-PETITION H. R. 5309. An act for the relief of Robert L. Taylor; Mr. AUSTIN. I present and ask to have printed in the H. R. 5314. An act for the relief of Paul J. Kohanik; REcORD and appropriately referred letter and resolution in . H. R. 5400. An act for the relief of those rendering medical the nature of a petition from the Lamoille County NEBRASKA'S CHALLENGE TO MAKE DEMOCRACY WORK-ADDRESS BY • ROBERT LASCH Mr. SCHWELLENBACH. I move that the Senate concur in the House amendments. [Mr. NoRRis asked and obtained leave to have printed in The motion was agreed to. the RECORD an address delivered by Robert Lasch, State edi­ tor of the Omaha World-Herald, on the subject Nebraska's TRANSPORTATION OF CONVICT GOODS Challenge To Make Democracy Work, which appears in the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amend­ Appendix.] ment of the House of Representatives to the bill (S. 3550) ARTICLE BY REAR ADMIRAL YATES STIRLING ON UNITED STATES­ to make unlawful the transportation of convict-made goods BRITISH ACCORD WITH JAPAN in interstate and foreign commerce. [Mr. VANDENBERG asked and obtained leave to have printed Mr. ASHURST. I move the Senate disagree to the amend­ in the RECORD an article by Rear Admiral Yates Stirling, Jr., ments of the House, ask for a conference with the House United States Navy, retired, on the subject United States­ thereon, and that the Chair appoint the conferees on the British Accord With Japan, which appears in the Appendix.] part of the Senate. CONFUSION IN DEFENSE-EDITORIAL FROM THE NEW YORK TIMES The motion was agreed to; and the Vice President ap­ pointed Mr. McCARRAN, Mr. NEELY, and Mr. NORRIS conferees [Mr. NYE asked and obtained leave to have printed in the on the part of the Senate. RECORD an editorial from the New York Times of July 1, 1940, under the heading "Confusion in Defense," which ap­ EDWARD HAGENSON pears in the Appendix. J The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amend­ ments of the House of Representatives to the bill (S. 182) WILL WE DO IT?-EDITORIAL FROM SATURDAY EVENING POST for the relief of Edward Hagenson, which were on page 1, [Mr. NYE asked and obtained leave to have printed in the line 9, after "Railroad", to insert "during the period 1932 REcoRD an editorial under the heading "Will We Do It?" to May 3, 1934"; on page 1, line 10, after "to", to insert published in the Saturday Evening Post of the issue of July "hear"; on page 1, line 11, to strike out "act upon" and in­ 6, 1940, which appears in the Appendix.] sert "determine"; on page 2, line 1, after "Hagenson", to THE REPUBLICAN PLATFORM-EDITORIAL FROM HARTFORD TIMES insert "or by his heirs, executors, or administrators"; and on [Mr. MINTON asked and obtained leave to have printed in page 2, line 3, to strike out all after "silicosis" down to and REcORD an editorial from the Hartford Times entitled "The including "railroad" in line 6, and insert "Provided, That Republican Platform," which appears in the Appendix.] no benefits hereunder shall accrue prior to the enactment of DANGER TO UNITED STATES FROM "SIXTH COLUMN" this act." Mr. ASHURST. I move that the Senate concur in the [Mr. MURRAY asked and obtained leave to have printed in House amendments. the RECORD an article published in the Daily Republic, of The motion was agreed to. Mitchell, S. Dak., of June 20, 1940, entitled "Sixth, Not Fifth, Column Greatest Danger to United States, Reports Watwood," INTERSTATE COMPACT--QHIO RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN which appears in the Appendix.] The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amend­ EDITORIAL FROM WAUSAU (WIS.) PILOT ON PROGRAM OF DEFENSE ments of the House of Representatives to the bill (S. 3617) granting the consent and approval of Congress to an 'inter­ [Mr. WILEY asked and obtained leave to have printed in state compact relating to control and reduction of pollution the RECORD an editorial from the Wausau (Wis.) Pilot of the in the Ohio River drainage basin, which were on page 12, issue of June 20, 1940, under the heading "United States after line 8, to insert: Program of Defense," which appears in the Appendix.] SEc. 4. Nothing contained in this act or in the compact herein EDITORIAL FROM MILWAUKEE JOURNAL ON "WHAT'S WRONG IN approved shall be construed as impairing or affecting t he sovereignty WASHINGTON" of the United States or any of its rights or jurisdiction in and over [Mr. WILEY asked and obtained leave to have printed in the area or waters which are the subject of such compact. the RECORD an editorial from the Milwaukee Journal of the And on page 12, line 9, to strike out "4" and insert "5." issue of July 1, 1940, under the heading "What's Wrong in Mr. BARKLEY. I move the Senate concur in the House Washington," which appears in the Appendix.] amendments. BOULDER DAM-CONFERENCE REPORT RECOMMITTED The motion was agreed to. The VICE PRESIDENT. When the Senate took a recess ESTATE OF LESLIE EVERETT, DECEASED day before yesterday the pending business was the conference The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the amend­ report, which is in charge of the Senator from Nevada [Mr. ments of the House of Representatives to the bill m the .date of the receipt of the effects by the General Accounting Office, the funds so deposited, with_any 1_9, to .strike out all after "SEc. 2" down to and including remaining unsold effects, less transmittal_charges, shall be trans­ "act" in line 22. · mitted by that office to the proper officer of the State or Territory · · Mr. GEORGE. I move the Senate concur in the House of the last domicile in the United States of the deceased citizen, 1f known, or if not, such funds shall be covered into the general amendments. fund of the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts on account of pro- _ The motion was agreed to. ceeds of deceased citizens, and any such remaining unsold effects ESTATES OF, AMERICAN CITIZENS WHO PIE ABROAD shall be disposed of by the General Accounting Office in such man­ ner as, in the judgment. of the Comptroller General, is -deemed The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the ·Senate. the amend­ appropriate, or they. may b.e destroyed _if considered no longer pos­ ment of the House of Representatives to the bill Greece. friend. It was sea power that saved Greece from Persia. It was sea power that gave to the Phoenicians the command of EXTRACT FROM AN ARTICLE BY ALVA JOHNSTON IN THE SATURDAY the ancient maritime world. Sea power built up the far-flung EvENING POST, DEcEMBER 25, 1937 commercial empire of Carthage. Sea power made Athens ruler of vast territories, and it was sea power that made the Rome of Senator AsHURST has always had reverence for the elder Senator antiquity mistress of the civilized world. Rome could not have Lodge and for other scholars in politics, like President Theodore subsisted without her sea power, because nearly all her wheat came Roosevelt and the late Senator Bronson Cutting. He probably overseas. knows more quotations than the three of them together, but they · When Spain had great sea power she dominated Christendom; knew Greek, and AsHURST doesn't. The Arizonian is not a Latin and Spain's decline began when storms and British seamanship scholar, but he has memorized innumerable Latin quotations. All wrecked her great Armada. the Latin that he knows he knows by heart. It is almost as dan­ The sea power of the American Colonies with the sea power of gerous to misquote Latin as English in his presence. He is in­ France won the American Revolution, and the naval blockade dustrious and is vigilant about Arizona affairs. One of the points defeated the Confederacy. · in his favor is that he has refused to practice law on the side. During the World War the Allies would have starved had it not AsHURST regards that sort of thing as beneath his dignity; he been for sea power. · thinks, also, it would interfere with his scholarly pursuits and with his diligence in Arizona's and the Nation's business. He could In the Senate, June 15, 1940 roll in wealth if he were willing to sell his name, for his prestige as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee could be made an To AUTHORIZE LOANS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC AND important commercial asset. CRITICAL MINERALs-LOANS TO SMALL MINES Mr. AsHURST. Mr. President, we 'should read history because we learn from reading history that we learn nothing from history. WASHINGTON, D. C., April 11, 1940. Let us for once, however, learn something from history. In times Gen. FRANK T. HINEs, of antiqUity when men went to battle, personal valor and esprit de Administrator, Veterans' Affairs, Washington, D. C. corps usually turned the tide. In those far-off days, weapons were DEAR GENERAL HINES: When H. R. 12175 was pending in the Sen• of iron, copper, zinc, sometimes of bronze, a composition of copper ate of the Sixty-ninth Congress, I offered an amendment which was and tin; sometimes of brass, a combination of copper and zinc; adopted by the Senate and became a part of Public Law No. 448. sometimes a weapon was fashioned of hardwood, and often a spear My amendment provided for certain compensation to ex-service head or arrow point was made from volcanic glass called obsidian; men suffering from tuberculosis of a "compensable degree," and, for and now and then, forsooth, a shield was made from tough bull the lack of a better description, has come to be known as the hide. Some armies used catapults to hurl stones and some armies Ashurst amendment. were equipped with chariots with bladed wheels. Those days have Will you please inform me as to the number of ex-service men gone. Chivalry, personal courage, physical prowess, and moral in­ now receiving compensation under the provisions of my amend­ dignation then counted for much and frequently determined the ment, and also please further advise me as to the gross sum of destiny of nations. But, Mr. President, in recent years we have 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9213 learned that the valor of the brave is of little or no avail against finds "float." He stakes out his claim, he does "discovery work." mechanized armies or remorseless engines pointed at human hearts With strong arm and unerring eye he directs the point of a miner's which are only flesh and blood. We have recently seen France, pick and develops his mining claim. with a valor beyond the range of eulogy, walk the path of duty, He may not have adequate means, and his backers may not have death, and glory. Valor availed nothing against mechanized adequate means with which practically to develop the discovery, armies. but if he can borrow $2,000, $3,000, or $5,000 he may develop his Mr. President, at this time I refer to the labors of the junior discovery. He may meet failure. But he is--I was going to say Senator from Utah [Mr. THOMAS] and the labors of the junior Sen­ endowed, but I shall say he is endued with hope and zeal. He be­ ator from Montana [Mr. MuRRAY] in the efforts they have put forth lieves in the mineral resources of his country; he believes in his . to procure for the Nation strategic, critical, and essential minerals. luck and, with courage and strength, he strikes the breast of the It will be remembered that during the World War we were required mountain and minerals gush forth--£ometimes, not always. Small to depend upon importations from foreign countries for many mines sometimes become great mines, and most great mines were strategic and critical minerals. once small mines. In a time of trouble we cannot depend upon supplies of strategic Mr. President, the Government may not, in the nature of things, and critical minerals from foreign countries. The Creator in His employ prospectors and direct prospecting. For the discovery of beneficence and judgment has deposited in the hills of the United these critical and strategic minerals so important to industry and to States nearly all, if not all, the minerals necessary for industry and national defense we cannot depend upon the Government; we must for the defense of the United States if we will but develop them. depend upon the initiative, the boldness, the energy, and the cour- Mr. President, there has been talk of an adjournment of Congress. age of the prospector. · , In the most perilous age of the world's history, when civilization is in deadly danger, there are men-they are not in the Senate, they LATTER-DAY SAINTS are not in the House--who talk of adjourning, of running away and abandoning duties. Let me say to you, Mr. President, that those who [Remarks of Han. HENRY F. AsHURST, of Arizona, Tuesday, Novem­ vote to go home should be kept there. We cannot add to the effi.­ ber 11, 1919] ciency and strength of the United States by running away and Mr. AsHURST. Mr. President, I am glad that the Senator from abandoning the duties we were elected, sworn, and paid to perform. Utah, Mr. Smoot, has spoken as he has. It was time for such a There is no remorse so inveterate, so keen, as that which comes speech. A matchless maker of epigrams said that when "once a from the consciousness that we abandoned duty in a day of national lie or a counterfeit statement gets into circulation it is well- • distress. There is no happiness more sustaining and unselflsh than ntgh impossible to overtake it"; and therefore I believe the Sena­ that derived from the consciousness that we performed our duty in tor from Utah has done a service to his country in exposing this a manner worthy of American Senators. Success, safety, and effi.­ infamous slander which has been published broadcast against so ciency fly upon high and rapid wing; they must be seized as they many worthy people. pass by; once gone they may not be overtaken. When I read the article I felt offended because there are in I have announced that I am a candidate for reelection to the Arizona a large number of Mormon people, or peopie who belong Senate. I am opposed by able and worthy opponents. I have some to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints; and I would fences in a bad state of disrepair; I should like to go home to repair be false to that principle of fair play for which I have always pre­ them; but, Mr. President, I would be unworthy to be heard here for tended that I stood if I failed at this time to say a word on the a moment if I placed the mending of my political fences and the subject. care of my political fortunes above the success, safety, and effi.ciency It may be that I do not understand fully the theology of the of my country and above the preparation and rearmament for its Mormon Church; . but, Mr. President, the first church I ever at­ defense. tended was a Mormon church. When there was no other church If we are to assist the President of the United States in carrying within 100 miles of the lonely frontier cabin where my parents out his program of preparedness, let us take steps toward acquiring lived, we found solace and comfort in attending the Mormon the strategic and critical minerals so necessary to our national life. church situated 9 miles distant. Our nearest--in fact, our only­ I refer particularly to manganese. We have an abundance of neighbors for years were the Mormon people. Better neighbors no · manganese if it is developed. During the World War the ship pioneer ever had. I am proud of the Mormon people. I am Cyclops, laden with manganese from Brazil, was sunk without trace proud of the friendship that I have for them and that I believe with over 300 souls on board. Laden with manganese for the United they have for me, and I am able to say here in the Senate of States, she went down to the airless meadows of the cavernous deep. the United States that their church has elevated many intellect~ Nothing has been heard of her since. and purified many hearts in my State. Manganese, as every Senator knows, is used to "sweeten" pig iron As pioneers in a new country the Mormons are unrivaled. They and to make steel. I shall not tire the Senate by reciting the are sober, industrious, frugal, honest. They are preeminently long list of the strategic and critical minerals necessary for our State builders; and today, if called upon to name a people who defense. It is not proposed to put the Government into the min· could most expeditiously transform a desert into splendid fields ing business. The Government, forsooth,. cannot go out and dis­ and farms, I would unhesitatingly choose the Mormon people. cover a mine. It is not equipped to do so. The prospectors and In many places where once the cacti lifted thorn arms into the miners of our country, if given an opportunity to obtain credit, will brazen and heated air Mormon industry has reared temples, hos­ produce the necessary strategic and critical minerals. pitals, homes, factories, and schools. Moreover, I never saw a Mormon I. W. W.; but I have at some In the Senate, July 28, 1939 county courthouses in my State heard disgruntled, lazy, and indo­ To AUTHORIZE LOANS FOR THE DEvELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC AND lent men who did not belong to the Mormon Church sit on the CRITICAL MINERALs--LOANS TO SMALL MINES steps of the courthouse and curse the Government, while Mor­ mon citizens were going into the same county courthouse to pay Mr. AsHURST. Mr. President, the amendment extends and enlarges taxes without complaint. the power of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation so that the Mr. OWEN. Mr. President-- Reconstruction Finance Corporation may make loans to small mines Mr. AsHURST. I yield for a question. and prospectors. In the present situation the Reconstruction Finance Corporation may make loans only to facilitate the explora­ Mr. OWEN. I should like to ask the Senator if it is not a tenet tion and development of gold mines, silver mines, and tin mines. of the Mormons to teach and preach industry and thrift? The American prospector dwells in the future; he has faith in the Mr. AsHURsT. I am able to state that industry and thrift are future, and has faith in himself. He is w1lling that a couple of amongst the foundation stones of the Mormon Church. Abso­ burros may be his companions. I wish I had the time, as I have lute and unquestioned obedience to law is a tenet of the Mormon the inclination, to pay a tribute to the burro; he conquered the Church. Respect for authority is one of the tenets of the Mor­ desert. The prospector with his burro and a grubstake--the word mon .Church. We need more of such people in these perilous "grubstake" is a definite, valid locution, it is known to the law­ times of the Republic; and, again, I would be false to every prin­ searches for minerals. ciple of justice and to every sentiment of gratitude if I failed to His grubstake arises from the fact that some friend, possibly state at this time that when savage Indians galloped along by our some merchant or other person, advances to the prospector sup­ pioneer homes, burnfng and murdering, plundering and scalping as plies, blankets, powder, and other equipment, with the understand­ they went, it was to the Mormon people that my defenseless but ing that as to what the prospector may discover in the way of heroic parents went for refuge and defense. minerals, the man furnishing the grubstake shall be entitled to Mr. President, I - say the Senator from Utah has done well in whatever proportion of the "discovery" the contract calls for, and "scotching" this falsehood, which has been given such wide circu­ such a contract is valid. ·- lation. I believe the American people are coming at last fully to Many able and thoughtful persons erroneously believe that any understand the Mormon people. Their temples, schools, fields, man may go out and through some happy stroke; without much homes, industry, ·frugality, their morality, and their patriotism effort, discover a rich mine. That might happen in the realm of testify for them in more eloquent terms than the Senator or I fiction, but such experience is so rare in this practical world that no could speak. Then, again, observe their Representatives in the substantial dependence may be placed upon it. The development House and in the Senate. Look at the high class of public servants of a mine is like the gathering of waters to form a great river. they send here. I ask that the Mormons be judged as a people, The Mississippi River, for example, does not spring forth full pane­ judged as a religion, by their fruits; and if they be judged by their plied like Minerva from the brow of Jove; it comes from a small fruits the verdict of the world will be in their favor. alpine spring here, a slender stream there, snow melting on yonder It seems to me that the time should be welcomed in America. hills, slender stream joining stream, multiplied again and again, when men shall not further be assailed because of their religion swelling in volume as it flows, until it becomes a mighty river, fed or lack of religion. ;Men ought not further be assailed or dis­ originally by a multitude of meandering streams. criminated against because of their particular view of how to follow So it is with a great mine. The prospector goes forth with his the Master. America was built up, and one of the reasons for the grubstake; he finds what appears to him to be a good prospect; he migrations from the old countries to these shores was that our 9214 CONGRESSIO~AL RECORD-SENATE .JULY 3 ancestors desired to find a place to build free and strong States examination and could not pass. I requested a reexamination. where such ignoble sentiments as bigotry could not survive. Still he did not pass. So, far from feeling any resentment against I do not forget that the splendid domain of Arizona, one of the Mr. Hoover, I admire him rather for the strong and sterling imperial States of this Union, came into being largely through the way in which he disregarded what might be called a political brave exploits of the Mormon people. When Gen. Stephen Kearney endorsement. was beleaguered near San Diego during the Mexican War, and it The F. B. I. req1,1ires men of unusual types, sagacious, prudent; seemed as though the Mexicans were going to capture and annihilate they must know when to speak and when to withhold speech. They him and his entire command, it was the Mormon battalion that must know what a criminal would do in certain circumstances. marched all the long way from Iowa into Tucson, Ariz., and occupied They must even know who would be likely to commit a crime of a in then Mexican territory a domain we now know as the Gadsden particular nature. They must be trained to know what a suspected Purchase, which was purchased by our Government in 1854. When person will do in certain circumstances. In order to be a successful the commanding officer of the Mormon battalion, Lt. Col. St. George member of the force of the F. B. I., one must understand physics­ Cooke, entered the then Mexican town of Tucson and raised the that is, natural philosophy; one must understand psychology-that American flag, he issued a pronunciamento, as follows: is, the science of human emotions-to an almost perfect degree. "We do not war upon civilians. We make war against men in The persons against whom the F. B. I. agents are operating con­ uniform only. The property of individuals will be held sacred. stitute some of the boldest, most desperate, most cruel, and invet­ All civil rights will be upheld. Those who obey the law and con­ erate criminals ever known. Such criminally disposed or antisocial form to order will be protected." persons desire sensations, wines, high-powered cars, bright lights, The command remained there some days to refresh itself and ease, comfort, luxury, but lack the ability to earn these things. then marche~ on to the relief of General Kearney who, as I said, Therefore they seek to. take them by indirection and in violation of was beleaguered and surrounded near San Diego. the law. . So, Mr. President, the Mormon people, as pioneers, as State As to communism, I suppose one has a right, under our Constitu­ builders, as statesmen, as people of industry and patriotism in every tion, to preach communism. Comrimnism cannot prevail, because department of life, compare well and favorably with the general it is contrary to the inborn, ineradicable sentiments of the human mass of their fellow citizens. This much I should have said; more heart. Deep in the human instincts and enshrined in the hearts of than this I need not say. all humans are three things that may not be repealed by any government or any law: WASIDNGTON, D. C., January 22, 1940. Something to possess. That desire cannot be repealed. Therefore Mr. FREDERIC E. Fox, ccmmunism will fail because it cannot wipe out the desire to Flagstaff, Ariz. possess something tangible; some property. DEAR MR. Fox: Your letter of January 15 received, advising that Something in which to believe. you are compiling a history of the five Babbitt brothers. Someone for whom to care. It is now more than 53 years since I first met the Babbitt These three things are invincible, and communism will attempt brothers-David, George, Charles, William, and Edward. Within in vain to repeal them. They are part of human life and human a short time after they settled in northern Arizona they, severally, destiny. established character as forward-looking, courageous, reliable citi­ The Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. Wn.EY] opened the debate. I zens, and down through the years they contributed toward the listened to him with care, as I listened, of course, with care to what upbuilding and the dramatic progress of Arizona. was said by the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. NoRRIS] and by the When I was trying to earn $20 per month as a cowboy (I was Senator from Florida [Mr. PEPPER]. I agree with them that a man · overpaid) I rode scores of days and many hundreds of miles under charged with murder or any other crime should be tried strictly the summer sun and winter stars with Bill Babbitt. Bill was a according to law. The only hope we have of maintaining this Gov­ clean-spoken, chivalrous cowhand. ernment is to assure the accused person, no matter how lowly, how The thundering herd would sometimes stampede, and this caused poor, how despised such person may be, that he will be tried by the some cowhands to let out profanity as they rode furiously and hard, same system of government, the same law, the same rule of evidence, but Bill was serene, and silent as he rode, and let out no profanity, and possibly by the same judge and the same system of jury selec­ even of the low, sweet, soft kind. tion under which the wealthiest, most eminent, most learned citizen When the chuck wagon would break down or get lost, or the camp would be tried. cook would turn cranky and there was nothing for supper but Mr. President, more than a hundred years ago--yes; longer ago "wind pudding," Bill was patient and pleasant and endured all than that-an eminent orator-! leave it to some surer scholar to hardships with an almost royal humor. discover whom it was-said: Some years ago Bill went to that vast realm where kings and "If all the men who have fallen under American justice and have queens are probably counted as deuces and the American cowboys suffered the death penalty in America could be resurrected at the are probably counted as aces. foot of the gallows and, after their resurrection, were to form a With kind regards. government, they would form a government of the same kind as Sincerely yours, the one under whose justice they fell." HENRY F. AsHURST. There is no doubt about that, because it is the fairest system ever devised by man. Therefore, of course, it behooves us all to see to THE F. B. I. it that the civil liberty of citizens shall not be swept away, and that (Remarks of Han. HENRY F. AsHURST, of Arizona, in the Senate of th:e lowliest and poorest citizen, the most meager in funds, shall be the United States, Thursday, April 25, 1940] tned by the same law as the most opulent citizen. It is a singular circumstance which, if it were not so poignant in Mr. AsHURsT. Mr. President, the speeches just delivered in the its tragedy, would be ironical to the point of humor that when a Senate regarding the F. B. I. are timely and pertinent. cold-blooded, desperate, cruel, and inveterate gangster is arrested . Charging the able senior Senator from Nebraska [Mr. NoRRIS] after spending a lifetime inveighing against the Constitution of the with attempting to smear somebody is about like charging Abe United States, after spending much of his ill-gotten gains in an Lincoln with engaging in a similar endeavor. attempt to subvert our system of government, the first thing that Mr. NoRRIS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? gangster does when brought into court is to appeal to this very Mr. ASHURST. Certainly. Constitution for the preservation of his own liberty and for a fair Mr. NoRRIS. When Abraham Lincoln lived he was charged with trial. Sirs, the document he tried to destroy, the system against that and everything else imaginable in the category of. crime and which he inveighed, and against which he bored from within, is the ridicule. system to which in his day of trial and trouble he appeals for his Mr. AsHURST. No one believed it. freedom and his acquittal, if he is to have such. That statement Mr. NoRRIS. They do not now; they know better now.; but shows the strength, the power, the beneficence, and the justice of many believed it then. the American system of government under our Constitution. Mr. AsHURST. If the Senator will pardon me, no one believed it then. As to Mr. Hoover, let me say that he is a young man. So far as Mr. President, it is not my function, certainly not my duty, to I know, he is a good man. He is not a great man, for no man is make any elaborate defense of the F. B. I. or of the Department ever great until he has had much sorrow, humiliation, and disap­ of Justice. Some 1,600 men make up the personnel of the F. B. I. pointment. No man will be great, or can expect to be great, until It would be impossible to imagine that out of 1,600 men there he has had full measure of those chastening and refining influences. could be no weak member, no rotten bough. The greatest Wis­ But measuring Mr. Hoover by his accomplishments-of course, he is dom, the greatest Mind, the greatest Good on earth, in choosing not without error-measuring him by what has been done, the a cabinet found that He had a denying Peter, a doubting Thomas, record seems good. and a bribe-taking Judas. Finite man will labor in vain to select When Mr. Cummings was appointed Attorney General in 1933, I men in large numbers without finding some weak one. There­ happen to know that tremendous pressure was brought to bear fore, I do not doubt that out of 1,600 men there may be, and upon him to try to induce him not to retain Mr. Hoover as the doubtless is, some unworthy man. Chief of the F. B. I. Mr. Cummings made an investigation, which I speak now as a whole regarding the work of the F. B. I. I lasted nearly a year, and at the conclusion of the investigation shall not even refer to the Detroit cases, because it is my habit made by Mr. Cummings he determined-and I think wisely deter­ neve:r to discuss a matter pending in the courts. It was wise on the mined-to retain Mr. Hoover. part of the speakers who preceded me not to descend into the When Mr. Murphy succeeded Mr. Cummings, the same pressure details of those cases. It is proper in such circumstances to stand was not brought to bear on Attorney General Murphy to release in awe of justice and let justice speak. and discharge Mr. Hoover, but there was some opinion that it The members of the F. B. I.-that is, the Federal Bureau of should be done. Attorney General Murphy retained Mr. Hoover as Investigation-are trained men. In my service as a Senator I Chief of the F. B. I. have made but one recommendation to the F. B. I. I did recom­ When Mr. Jackson succeeded Mr. Murphy as Attorney General­ mend that a young gentleman be appointed. He was given an ! do not now speak with authen~icity or with any real degree of 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9215 accuracy-he considered the question, and after his investigation Ariz.) to authorize the use by the city of Tucson, Ariz., of certain be also retained Mr. Hoover as the Director of the F. B. I. public land for a municipal aviation field. It would be childlike in simplicity to pretend that in such a wide A bill for the relief of Edgar K. Miller. field, a field so pregnant with possibilities for mistakes, no mistake A bill for completion of the road from Tucson to Ajo via Indian has been made. Whenever you find a public man who has made no Oasis, Ariz. mistakes you will find one who has been asleep. I say to my fellow IN THE SEVENTIETH CONGRESS Senators, when they go out into the field to begin their campaigns A bill to authorize (appropriations for the survey, construction, for reelection they will be charged with having made mistakes. and maintenance of highways on or adjacent to untaxed Indian Admit it, certainly, for it shows that you are active; you are trying lands) an appropriation for roads on Indian reservations. to do something. Those in the graveyard and those who are asleep A bill to authorize the use by the county of Yuma, Ariz., of cer­ probably make no mistakes. I have no doubt, Mr. Hoover has made . tain public lands for a municipal aviation field. mistakes. I hope he has not made as many as I have made; but it A b111 granting a pension to Lois I. Marshall, widow of Vice should not frighten one to be accused of having made a mistake. President Marshall. Mr. President, again referring to the men required in the F. B. I., A bill for the relief of William A. Light. some Senators may have a phonographic brain. I congratulate them A bill authorizing the paving of the Federal strip known as if they have. It is not, however, conclusive· evidence of mental International Street, adjacent to Nogales, Ariz. strength to have a phonographic brain, one which can reproduce A bill for the relief of William E. Thackrey. like a phonograph. While it happens to be no sure evidence of A bill for the relief of C. R. Olberg. mental strength, the F. B. I. man must have it. A bill authorizing the Secretary of War to donate certain build­ How many Senators have a photographic eye? I congratulate such Ings in the city of Tucson, Ariz. as have. With the photographic eye, what you see in a flash is A bill authorizing "the construction of a fence along the east engraved on your mind forever. If you have such an eye, you are a boundary of the Papago Indian Reservation, Ariz. remarkable man. The F. B. I. man must have both a photographic A bill authorizing the Federal Power Commission to Issue permits eye and a phonographic brain. . and licenses on Fort Apache and White Mountain Indian Reserva­ The F. B. I. man must be cool. He must be so deliberate and so tions, Ariz. cool that he even appears to be like a gangster in temperament. A bill to authorize the construction of a telephone line from Gangsters are the coolest of all men. There is no excitement about Flagstaff to Kayenta on the Western Navajo Indian Reservation, them. The first thing they learn about gangster warfare is to keep Ariz. cool. A false move and the game is over. . A bill authoriZing the Secretary of the Interior to dispose of two Mr. President, these men in the F. B. I., moreover, must be above bridges on the San Carlos Indian Reservation in Arizona. reproach. They must have no social ambition; they must have no political ambition; and, above all, they must have no financial IN THE SEVENTY-SECOND CONGRESS ambition. It is not easy to find men, certainly regiments of men, A bill for the relief of Hainilton Grounds. who can meet such a test, and that is the test they must meet, A bill to amend the United States mining laws applicable to the otherwise the inexorable law of efficiency soon will exclude them city of Prescott municipal watershed in the Prescott National Forest !rom their positions in the F. B. I. within the State of Arizona. As for Mr. Hoover, I have never had sip or sup with him. We are A resolution authorizing an Investigation of the subject of the not social, fraternal, political companions or comrades, and when utilization of the water resources of the San Pedro River in Arizona. I speak of him, as I have done before, I do it because I believe I IN THE SEVENTY-THIRD CONGRESS would exhibit a sort of cowardice, I would certainly exhibit a sort A blll to amend the act of March 4, 1915, relative to desert-land o! timidity, if I did not lay before the Senate and the country these entry. observations concerning impressions of the F. B. I. which have come A b1ll for the relief of A. E. Shelley. to me down through the years. A bill to provide for the selection of certain lands in the State I could tire the Senate by a long and detailed account o! hun­ of Arizona for the use of the University of Arizona. dreds of cases which have been solved. by the F. B. I., cases so star­ A bill providing that no Indictment shall be insufficient because tling in their nature, so remarkable, that one might imagine that of formal defects or because of presence of clerks or stenographers. the F. B. I. men themselves were endowed with some sort of tele­ A b111 to provide punishment for killing or assaulting Federal pathic sense, so remarkable and so startling have been their achieve­ officers. ments. A b1ll to limit the operation of the statutes of limitations in certain criminal cases. BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED BY SENATOR AsHURST THAT A bil'l to amend the act giving the Supreme Court authority to BECAME LAWS prescribe rules with respect to proceedings in criminal cases. IN THE SIXTY-THIRD CONGRESS A b1ll to punish smuggling contraband articles Into penal institu­ tions, inciting riots therein, etc. A bill authorizing the survey and sale of certain lands in Coco­ A bill to punish certain offenses committed against banks op­ nino County, Ariz., to the occupants thereof. erating under laws of the United States or any member of the IN THE SIXTY-FOURTH CONGRESS Federal Reserve System. A bill for the relief of Warren E. Day. A bill to extend the provisions of the National Motor Vehicle A bill authorizing the adjustment of rights of settlers on a part Theft Act to other stolen property. of the Navajo Indian Reservation in the State of Arizona. A bill giving Supreme Court authority to make and publish rules A bill to provide for the storing and cleansing of commonly 1n civil actions at law. called garbanzo. A bill permitting employment of certain counsel in case of United A bill to provide for an auxiliary reclamation project in connec­ States against Weirton Steel Co. tion with the Yuma project, Arizona. A bill permitting employment of certain counsel in cases of A bill to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to lease, !or pro­ United States against Electro Metallurgical Co., New-Kanawha duction of oil and gas, ceded lands of the Shoshone or Wind River Power Co., and Union Carbide & Carbon Co. Indian Reservation in the State of Wyoming. A bill vesting courts with discretion relative to the forfeiture of A blll providing that Indian schools may be maintained without vessels and aircraft seized for violations of law. restriction as to annual rate of expenditure per pupil. IN THE SEVENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS IN THE SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS A bill to amend an act entitled "An act to regulate the manner In A blll to extend the time for cutting timber on the Coconino and which property shall be sold under orders and decrees of any United Tusayan National Forests, Ariz. States courts." A bill to establish the Grand Canyon National Park in the State A b111 to prohibit the Interstate transportation of prison-made of Arizona. products in certain cases. A joint resolution authorizing the assistant to the Secretary of A bill to authorize the acquisition of land on McNeil Island. the Interior to sign official papers and documents. A resolution providing for the celebration on September 17, 1937, IN THE SIXTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the A bill for the relief of Walter Runke. Constitution of the United States of America by the Constitutional A bill to amend the act entitled "An act authorizing the survey Convention. and sale of certain lands in Coconino County, Ariz., to the occupants A bill to amend an act entitled "An act to establish a uniform thereof." system of bankruptcy throughout the United States.'' A bill to provide for the completion of the bridge across the Little A bill limiting the operation of sections 109 and 113 of the Crimi­ Colorado River, near Leupp, Ariz. nal Code and section 190 of the Revised Statutes of the United States with respect to counsel in certain cases. IN THE SIXTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS A bill" to amend the act entitled "An act forbidding the trans­ A bill to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to issue patent in portation of any person In interstate or foreign commerce kidnaped fee simple to the board of regents of the University of Arizona for a or otherwise unlawfully detained, and making such act a felony." certain described tract of land. A bill to authorize and direct the Secretary of the Treasury to A bill authorizing the Secretary of War to grant a right-of-way transfer certain moneys to "Funds of Federal Prisoners." over the Government levee at Yuma, Ariz. A bill to provide an official seal for the United States Veterans' IN THE SIXTY-NINTH CONGRESS Administration. A bill for the relief of Eustacia B. Davison. A bill to authorize the Attorney General to determine and pay A bill (authorizing the withdrawal of certain public lands tn certain claims against the Government for damage to person or Arizona for use as a municipal aviation field by the city of Tucson, property in sum not exceeding $500 in any one case. 9216 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 3 A bill to amend section 103 of the Code of Criminal Procedure Mr. CONNALLY. A large number of Senators ought to be for the Canal Zone and section 542 of the Code of Civil Procedure for the Canal Zone. · here. A resolution to print additional copies of the revised annotated Mr. BARKLEY. Of course, the Senator will understand Constitution, and further to revise the same. that when we recessed over the Republican convention there A bill to supplement the act of June 25, 1929, which authorized was a gentleman's understanding that no business of any and directed the Attorney General to institute suit against the Northern Pacific Railway Co. and others. importance would be taken up during the · ·week. I try to A bill to amend an act entitled "An act to establish a uniform carry out such understandings, though probably they ought system of bankruptcy throughout the United States." not to be entered into. A bill for the relief of Lt. Robert A. J . English, United States Navy. It A bill to reenact and amend certain provisions of the various Mr. CONNALLY. seems to me that we have been re­ national liquor laws. minded and we have proclaimed that there is an emergency. IN THE SEVENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS These gentlemen are nominated to be the head of the Army A bill for -the relief of Stanley A. Jerman, receiver for A. J. Peters and the head of the Navy, and we sit around here and wait a Co., Inc. week merely because, somebody is abseri·t. . A bill limiting the operation of sections 109 and 113 of the Mr. BARKLEY. The committee waited a week before Criminal Code and section 190 of the Revised Statutes of the United States with respect to counsel in certain cases. they took up the nominations. I sup:t::ose the Senate may be A bill to authorize the transfer to the Attorney General of a excused for waiting 3 or 4 days. · portion of the Fort Reno Quartermaster Depot Military Reservation, Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, I merely wish to add that Okla. I am very happy over the decision of the able Senator from A bill to amend the Criminal Code by providing punishment for impersonation of officers and employees of Government-owned and Kentucky. A number of Senators are absent, as they nat­ Government-controlled corporations. urally would be on account of the Fourth of July. In antici­ A bill to amend the act authorizing the Attorney General to pation of their absence I personally said to a great many of ·compromise suits on certain contracts of insurance. A bill to authorize certain officers and employees of Federal-penal them that I was sure there would be no transaction of busi- and correctional institutions to administer oaths. ness this week. _ A bill to provide for the appointment of additional judges in I do not know of any great emergency calling for imme­ certain United States courts. (Introduced by Senator AsHURST and diate action on the nominations of these able gentlemen. Senator HATCH.) A bill to authorize membership on behalf of the United States in A postponement until Monday is not an undue delay; and I the International Criminal Police Commission. hope the Senator from Texas does not_feel disturbed on that A bill to provide for the care and treatment of juvenile delin­ account. quents. What I rose to say was that next week, about the end of IN THE SEVENTY-SIXTH CONGRESS A bill to amend section 224 of the Criminal Code so as to penalize the week or a little after the middle of the week, I assume the making of false claims for the loss of insured mail matter. some of the Members of the Senate will want to travel to A bill to provide for the administration of the United States Chicago. I have been asked many times if we would have courts, and for other purposes. sessions during the whole of the week. I desire to suggest A bill to provide for the confiscation of firearms in possession of persons convicted of felony and disposition thereof. that probably it would be accommodating to the Members A bill to authorize the temporary appointment of a special judge -of the Senate who want to go to Chicago to attend the for the district court of the Virgin Islands. Democratic convention, if the Senate could recess about A bill to provide that records certified by the Court of Claims to the Supreme Court, in response to writs of certiorari, may include Thursday, or not later than Friday, in order that they may material portions of the evidence. . be there in time. A bill to amend the act entitled "An act making appropriations If we could come to more or less of an u~derstanding on for the naval service," so as to extend commissary privileges to the subject now, it would be very much to the delight and civilian officers and employees of the United States at naval stations -beyond the continental limits of the United States or in Alaska. convenience of Members of the Senate. A bill to prohibit reproductions of oftlcial badges, identification Mr. BARKLEY. I appreciate the suggestion of the Sena­ cards, and other insignia. tor from Oregon. I think more time would necessarily be A bill to extend the privilege of retirement for disability to judges required than in the case of the Republican-convention, be;. appointed to hold office during good behavior. A bill to provide that no statute of limitations shall apply to cause the distance to Chicago is greater · than it is to offenses punishable by death. Philadelphia. A bill to amend the Criminal Code in regard to obtaining money Mr. McNARY. Yes; that is what I had in mind. by false pretenses on the high seas. A bill to limit the operation of sections 109 and 113 of the Crimi­ Mr. BARKLEY. I think we might well understand that nal Code and section 190 of the Revised Statutes of the United about Thursday we shall undertake to recess or adjourn for States with respect to counsel in certain cases. a period sufficiently long to enable the Chicago convention A bill relating to certain lands of the Papago Indian Reservation to nominate the next President of the United States. in Arizona. A bill authorizing continuance of prison reorganization. Mr. KING. Mr. Presiden_t, I assume that on Monday we A bill to amend the Code of Law for the District of Columbia shall take up for consideration the nominations of Mr. Stim­ relating to murder in the first degree. son and Mr. Knox, and that disposition will be made of ORDER OF BUSINESS them at that time. Mr. McNARY. Mr. President, such an arrangement wholly The VICE PRESIDENT. There is no unfinished business conforms to my view and my pleasure. I think we should now pending. have one further understanding in the matter. Shall we Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, it is not desired that the meet 2 weeks from next Monday or shall we meet on the Senate take up the calendar at this time; and in view of the following Tuesday or Wednesday? absence of a large number of Senators, I wish to say that, by Mr. BARKLEY. We can determine that matter a little agreement with the Senator from Oregon [Mr. McNARY], the later. I am not prepared now to say. nominations of Mr. Knox and Mr. Stimson will not be taken Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, will the Senator further up until next Monday. I make that announcement so that yield? Members may be governed accordingly. My information is Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. that the Committee on Naval Affairs has just voted to report Mr. CONNALLY. Is it the understanding, then, that these favorably the nomination of Mr. Knox. nominations will be taken up next Monday? Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, does not the Senator Mr. BARKLEY. Monday; yes. think we ought to be prompt about our action on these nomi­ Mr. CONNALLY. I certainly hope they will be, because nations, one way or the other, in view of the prevailing emer­ it seems that the Navy Department and the War Department gency, and the fact that these nominations are for the heads ought to be quickly staffed. We ought to put them to work. of the War and Navy Departments, respectively? Mr. BARKLEY. I think most of the departments are at Mr. BARKLEY. I am perfectly willing to act now, so far work. as I am concerned; but it has been suggested that a large The VICE PRESIDENT. What is the pleasure of the nwnber of Senators are absent. Senate? I •

1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9217 AUTHORIZATION FOR COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAIRS TO SUBMIT I shall not object, because it would not do any good to REPORTS object; but the country want us to stay here, and they are Mr. BARKLEY. I ask unanimous consent that the Com­ much more concerned with what we do here than with what mittee on Naval Affairs be authorized to submit reports dur­ we do somewhere else. If some Senators want to be absent, ing the recess or adjournment of the Senate following today's let them be excused and let us go ahead. Senators are session. I thought the committee would be ready to report elected to do business here, in this Chamber, and they ought the nomination of Mr. Knox before the taking of a recess · to be here. [Manifestations of applause in the galleries.] by the Senate today, but the Senator from Massachusetts The VICE PRESIDENT. It is a violation of the rules [Mr. WALSHJ informs me that the committee will not be able of the Senate for the ·occupants of the galleries to manifest to do so. approval or disapproval. The Chair may add that while it is The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the request the duty of Senators to be here, it is not the duty of the of the Senator from Kentucky that the Committee on Naval citizenship of the country to interfere with the Senate by Affairs be authorized to submit reports during the recess or applauding in the galleries. adjournment of the Senate? The Chair hears none. Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, the nomination of Mr. EXECUTIVE SESSION Stimson has been reported only today. It could not be taken Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Senate proceed to the up today, except by unanimous consent, as every Member of consideration of executive business. the Senate knows. Tomorrow will be the Fourth of July, and The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the it has been immemorially the custom of the Senate to ad­ consideration of executive business. journ over the Fourth of July. So the nomination could not EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED be taken up before Friday at the earliest. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate messages The nomination of Mr. Knox has not even been reported to from the President of the United States submitting sundry the Senate, and it could not be reported, except as I have nominations, which were referred to the appropriate com­ gotten unanimous consent, until Friday, and it could not be mittees. taken up then except by unanimous consent. So that the· , 1940 tions of postmasters. APPOINTMENT IN THE REGULAR ARMY Mr. McKELLAR. I ask unanimous consent that the nom­ Lt. Col. Oscar James Gatchell, Ordnance Department, to be inations of all the other postmasters on the calendar be professor of natural and experimental philosophy at the confirmed en bloc. · United States Military Academy, with rank from August 1, The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, the remaining 1940, vice Prof. Clifton C. CartE;lr to be retired July 31 1940. post-office nominations are confirmed en bloc. APPOINTMENTS BY TRANSFER IN THE REGULAR ARMY . LEGISLATIVE SESSION TO AIR CORPS Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Senate resume the con­ Second Lt. Oliver Burtis Taylor, Infantry, with rank from sideration of legislative business. June 12, 1939, effective July 26, 1940. The motion was agreed to; and the Senate resumed the consideration of legislative business. PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY ORDER OF BUSINESS TO BE LIEUTENANT COLONEL Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I desire to say to the Maj. Joseph Lawton Collins, Infantry, from June 25, 1940. Senator from Kentucky that my inquiry a moment ago about TO BE MAJORS action on these nominations was not prompted by any pique Capt. Paul Edmund Burrows, Air Corps (temporary major, or any desire to inconvenience absent Senators. My posi­ Air Corps), from June 25, 1940. tion is that we ought to stay here and attend to the public Capt. George Harold Brown, Air Corps • I

9218' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 3

TO BE COLONELS XMaj. Russell Gilbert Barkalow, Field· Artillery.­ XLt. ·col. Howell Maiion ·Estes, ·cavalry. XMaj. William Fred Riter, Quartermaster Corps. ::XLt. Col. Edwin Noel Hardy,-Quartermaster Corps. - · x Maj. Herbert ·Warren ·Hardman; ·Quartermaster Corps. · · · X Lt. Col. Thomas _Gibbes Mo_rgan Oliphant, Field. Artillery. · XMaj. Joshua Dever Powers,- Coast Artillery Corps; X Maj. Frank Augustus Keating, -Infantry. . TO BE LIEUTENANT COLONELS XMaj. Richard David Daugherity, Finance Department. X Maj. Walter Francis Vander Hyden, Ordnance Department. ·· XMaj; Joseph Clark Addington, ·Infantry. · 'XMaj. Ira Adam Crump,_Ordnance Department. X Maj. Allison Joseph Barnett, Infantry. · X Maj. Elbert Louis Ford, Ordnance Department. x Maj. Thomas Leroy Holland, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. Scott Brewer Ritchie, Ordnance Department. X Maj. John Andrew Porter, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. John Tupper Cole, Cavalry. · X Maj. George Frederick Unmacht, Chemical Warfare Service. Maj. George Sampson Beurket, Field Artillery. XMaj. George Pollock Bush, Signal Corps. X Maj. Stephen Huntting Sherrill, Signal Corps. XMaj. Thomas Ot.is Baker, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. Charles Hunter Gerhardt, Cavalry. XMaj. William Settle Evans, Field Artillery. XMaj. Lincoln Ferris Daniels, Infantry. XMaj. Clarence Longacre, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. Frederick Augustus Irving, Infantry. XMaj. Percival Simon Holmes, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. Burnett Ralph Olmsted, Ordnance Department. 1XMaj. Clarence Lloyd Middleton, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. Herbert Charles Holdridge, Adjutant General's De­ XMaj. George Herbert Schumacher, Quartermaster Corps. partment. Maj. Walter Moody Tenney, Field Artillery. XMaj. Matthew Bunker Ridgway, Infantry. Maj. Arthur Shelby Levinsohn, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. Irvin Edward Doane, Infantry. Maj. Richard Bartholomew Moran, Signal Corps. XMaj. Albert Cowper Smith, Cavalry. Maj. Arthur Oscar Walsh, Finance Department. XMaj. Richard Mars Wightman, Field Artillery. Maj. David McGoodwin Speed, Quartermaster Corps. X Maj. Percy Gamble· Black, Field Artillery. · Maj. Harry Lauman. Waggoner, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. Charles Walter Yuill, Infantry. Maj. Joseph Dixon Hahn, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. William Willis Eagles, Infantry. Maj. August Christian Jensen, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. Joel Grant Holmes, Ordnance Department. Maj. Walter Herbert Wells, Infantry. XMaj. Albert Charles Stanford, Field Artillery. Maj. Murray Benjamin Dilley, Signal Corps. - XMaj. James Arthur Code, Jr., Signal Corps . .. Maj. LeRoy Lutes, Coast Artillery Corps. Maj. William Sackville, Coast Artillery Corps. Maj. Royal Granville Jenks, Finance Department. XMaj. Louis LeRoy Martin, Cavalry. Maj. Richard Thomas Edwards, QYartermaster Corps. XMaj. John Allen Stewart, Field Artillery. Maj. Alexander Effray· Whitworth, Signal Corps. XMaj. William Kelly Harrison, Jr., Cavalry. Maj. David Andrew Watt, Adjutant General's Department. X Maj. Leroy Henry Lohmann, Coast Artillery Corps. Maj. Welcome Porter Waltz, Infantry. · XMaj. Ernest Nason Harmon, Cavalry. Maj. John Walter Crissy, Infantry. XMaj. Norman Daniei.Cota, Infantry. . Maj. Edwin Hugh Johnson, Infantry. X Maj. Christian Gingrich Foltz, Coast Artillery Corps. Maj. James Williston Callahan, Jr., Philippine Scouts. XMaj. Joseph Scranton Tate, Field Artillery. Maj. Russel McKee Herrington, Corps of Engineers. XMaj. Robert Bundy Ransom, Infantry. · Maj. Lawrence Aloysius Quinn, Infantry. XMaj. Arthur McKinley Harper, Field Artillery. Maj. Lewis Abram Pulling, Cavalry. · · · XMaj. Carleton Coulter, Jr., Infantry. · Maj. -Dallas Royce· Alfonte, Infantry. XMaj. Aaron Bradshaw, Jr., Coast Artillery Corps. Maj. Fred Matthew Fogle, Quartermaster Corps. XMaj. Rotlert Newton Kunz, Signal Corps. Maj. Charles Erwin Rayens, Infantry. XMaj. Charles Solomon Kilburn,.Cavalry. Maj. Charles Hudson Jones,· Infantry. XMaj. Willis Richardson Slaughter, Ordnance Department. Maj. Sidney Feagin Dunn, Field Artillery. Maj. George Hatton Weems, Infantry. Maj. William Hones, Infantry. X Maj. Roy Lindsay Bowlin, Ordnance Department. Maj. Albert Charles Chesledon, Coast Artillery Corps. XMaj. Charles Radcliffe Johnson, Jr., Cavalry. Maj. Breckinridge Atwater Day, Field Artillery. XMaj. William Claude McMahon, Infantry. Maj. Joseph Kennedy, Field Artillery. XMaj. Bertrand Morrow, Cavalry. Maj. William Harold Joiner, Ordnance Department. XMaj. Harry Russell Pierce, Coast Artillery Corps. Maj. George David Shea, Field Artillery. XMaj. Francis Michael Brennan, Infantry. Maj. Donald Coe Hawley, Cavalry: · Maj. Lawrence Collamore Mitchell, Coast Artillery Corps. Maj. Gilmer ·Meriwether Bell, Infantry. XMaj. Milton Baldridge Halsey, Infantry. Maj. Jay Ward MacKelvie, Field Artillery. Ma{ Charles Love Mullins, Jr., Infantry. Maj. Glenn Dewitt -Hufford, Infantry. XMaj. Sterling Alexander Wood, Infantry. Maj. Francis Truman Bonsteel, Cavalry. XMaj. Mark Wayne Clark, Infantry. Maj. Albert Alan Allen, Coast Artillery Corps. XMaj. Alexander Hunkins Campbell, coast Artillery CorpS. Maj. Paul Revere Hudson, Infantry. XMaj. David Sheridan Rwnbough, Field Artillery. Maj. William Edwin Barott, Quartermaster Corps. X Maj. Marvil Groves Armstrong, Coast Artillery Corps. Maj. Frank Nelson, Cavalry. XMaj. Donovan Swanton, Infantry. Maj. George Ross Rede, Field Artillery. XMaj. Francis Atherton Macon, Jr., Adjutant General's De­ Maj. Ralph Hall, Infantry. partment. Maj. John Homer Carriker, Field Artillery. XMaj. Laurence Bolton Keiser, Infantry. Maj. Benjamin Harrison Hensley, Infantry. XMaj. Homer Caffee Brown, Infantry. Maj. Jerome Pickett, Infantry. XMaj. Clare Hibbs Armstrong, Coast Artillery Corps. Maj. William Samuel Rumbaugh, Signal Corps. XMaj. Harris Marcy Melasky, Infantry. Maj. Frank Henry Barnhart, Cavalry. XMaj. John Clement Whitcomb, Infantry. Maj. Henry Theophil John Weishaar, Quartermaster Corps, XMaj. Wallace James Redner, Quartermaster Corps. Maj. Henry Jeffrey Matchett, Infantry. Maj. Paul Hancock Brown, Infantry. Maj. Vincent Staub Burton, Infantry. XMaj. William Stuart Eley, Infantry. Maj. John William Bulger, Infantry. 'XMaj. Joseph Pescia Sullivan, Quartermaster Corps. Maj. Roy Wright voege, Infantry. XMaj. Clarke Kent Fales, Infantry. Maj. Vernon Lee Burge, Air Corps John Sherman Gullet, Air Corps (temporary major, X Capt. Norman Drysdale Gillet, Chemical Warfare Service. Air Corps). XCapt. Jack Clemens Hodgson, Air Corps Benjamin Franklin Chadwick, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Albert Walker Johnson, Judge Advocate General's Capt. Heath Twichell, Corps of Engineers. Department. Capt. Joseph Jones Twitty, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Willard Ames Holbrook, Jr., Cavalry. Capt. Harrison Shaler, Ordnance Department. Capt. Auston Monroe Wilson, Jr., Coast Artillery Corps. Capt. Edmund Wilson Searby, Fleld Artillery. Capt. Samuel Powell Walker, Jr., Cavalry. Capt. Roger Manning Wicks, Field Artillery. Capt. Robert Alwin Schow, Infantry. Capt. Robert Everett York, Corps of Engineers. Capt. John Harrison Stokes, Jr., Infantry. Capt. Chester Krum Harding, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Jesse Ellis Graham, Infantry. Capt. William Clarence Bennett, Jr., Corps of Engineers. Capt. Jerome David Cambre, Infantry. Capt. Claude Henry Chorpening, Corps of Engineers. . Capt. Eustaquio Sabia Baclig, Philippine Scouts. Capt. George Vernon_Keyser, Field Artillery. Capt. Burrowes Goldthwaite Stevens, Infantry. Capt. Frank Otto Bowman, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Alexander Thomas McCone, Field Artillery. Capt. Joseph Shirley Gorlinski, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Thomas Marham Brinkley, Infantry. Capt. Albert Riani, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Reginald Worth Hubbell, Infantry. Capt. Orville Ernest Walsh, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Donald William Sawtelle, Cavalry. Capt. Peter Paul Goerz, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Paul Wilkins Kendall, Infantry. Capt. William Aylett Callaway, Infantry. Capt. Charles Henry Moore, Jr., Infantry. Cap.t. Howard Voorheis Canan, Corps of Engineers. Capt. James Wentworth Freeman, Ordnance Department. Capt. Vere Alfred Beers, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Alexander John Mackenzie, Infantry. Capt. Doswell Gullatt, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Wiley Vinton Carter, Signal Corps. Capt. John Bell Hughes, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Ira Platt Swift, Cavalry. Capt. Lawrence Bradford Bixby, Field Artillery. Capt. Wilbur Eugene Dunkelberg, Infantry. Capt. Harry Crawford, Field Artillery. Capt. Arthur Pulsifer, Signal Corps. Capt. William Washington Webster, Field Artillery. Capt. Farrin Allen Hillard, Infantry. Capt. John Hamilton Hinds, Field Artillery. Capt. Elliott Watkins, Infantry. Capt. John Marks Moore, Coast Artillery Corps. Capt. Francis James Gillespie, Infantry. Capt. George Gage Eddy, Ordnance Department. Capt. Jesse Lewis Gibney, Infantry. Capt. Charles Edward Morrison, Cavalry. Capt. Robert Hale Vesey, Infantry. Capt. William Powell Blair, Field Artillery. Capt. Clarence Miles Mendenhall, Jr., Coast Artillery Corps. Capt. William James Epes, Field Artillery. Capt. Kester Lovejoy Hastings, Quartermaster Corps. Capt. John Hinton, Field Artillery. Capt. George McKnight Williamson, Jr., Field Artillery. Capt. Eric Spencer Molitor, Field Artillery. Capt. Howard Waite Brimmer, Field Artillery. Capt. Richard August Ericson, Coast Artillery Corps. Capt. Walter Joseph Muller, Infantry. Capt. James Vincent Carroll, Field Artillery. Capt. Harry Lovejoy Rogers, Jr., Infantry. Capt. Arthur Emil Mickelsen, Signal Corps. Capt . .George Bryan Conrad, Field Artillery. Capt. Paul Boyle Kelly, Coast Artillery Corps. Capt. William Stephen Murray, Infantry. Capt. Ernest Calhoun Norman, Field Artillery. Capt. Raymond Wainwright Odor, Infantry. Capt. Christian Knudsen, Cavalry. Capt. James Clyde Welch, Infantry. Capt. William Babbs Miller, Infantry. Capt. Miner Welsh Bonwell, Infantry. Capt. Charles Rolland Gildart, Field Artillery. Capt. Joseph Mago:ffin Glasgow, Cavalry. Capt. Richard Carrick Babbitt, Infantry. Capt. James Lawrence Keasler, Quartermaster Corps. Capt. Francis Bassett Valentine, Air Corps (temporary Capt. Richard Bryan Wheeler, Infantry. major, Air Corps). Capt. Thomas Roswell Aaron, Infantry. Capt. Charles Edward Hixon, Field Artillery. Capt. David Albert Newcomer, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Hammond McDougal Monroe, Infantry. Capt. Alfred Maximilian Gruenther, Field Artillery. Capt. Bryan Evans, Field Artillery. Capt. Herbert Bernard Loper, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Bonner Frank Fellers, Coast Artillery Corps. Capt. Williston Birkhimer Palmer, Field Artillery. Capt. John William Middleton, Infantry. Capt. Robert Gibbins Gard, Field Artillery. Capt. Melton Adams Hatch, Coast Artillery Corps. Capt. Herbert Maury Jones, Field Artillery. Capt. Kenneth Seymour Stice, Signal Corps. Capt. Orville Wells Martin, Field Artillery. Capt. Francis Andrew March 3d, Field Artillery. Capt. Forrest Eugene Cookson, Infantry. Capt. George Maurice Badger, Coast Artillery Corps. Capt. Alexander Sharp Bennet, Field Artillery. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9223 Capt. George Sheldon Price, Field Artillery. Capt. Henry Ellis Sanderson, Field Artillery. Capt. Wyburn Dwight Brown, Field Artillery. Capt. Hugh French Thomason Hoffman, Cavalry. Capt. Robert Miller Montague, Fleld Artillery. Capt. Walter Scott Winn, Jr., Infantry. Capt. Charles Pollard Jones, Field Artillery. Capt. Willard Gordon Wyman, Cavalry. Capt. Anthony Clement McAuliffe, Field Artillery. Capt. John Leonard Whitelaw, Infantry. Capt. Lester Francis Rhodes, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Edward Henry Bowes, Infantry. Capt. Albert Rhett Stuart Barden, Fleld Artillery. Capt. Edwin Malcolm Sutherland, Infantry. Capt. Don Gilmore Shingler, Corps of Engineers. Capt. Joseph Andrew Holly, Infantry. Capt. Harlan Nelson Hartness, Infantry. Capt. William Douglas McNair; Field Artillery. _ Capt. Louis Brainard Ely, Field Artillery. Capt. Charles Forrest Wilson, Coast Artillery Corps. Capt. Julius Easton Slack, Field Artillery. Capt. Robert Francis Carter, Quartermaster Corps. Capt. Bertram Francis Hayford, Field Artillery. Capt. Hugh Garnett Elliott, Field Artillery. Capt. Ernest Aaron Bixby, Field Artillery. Capt. Nathan Farragut Twining, Air Corps June 1940: Paul R. Byrum Hewitt D. Adams Capt. Paul Kenneth Porch, Infantry. James C. Bennett James R. Bromeyer Capt. John George Salsman, Air Corps (temporary major, The following-named citizens to be second lieutenants in Air Corps). the Marine Corps from the 25th day of June 1940: Capt. Lyman O'Dell Williams, Infantry. Virgil W. Banning, a citizen of North Dakota. Capt. Temple Graves Holland, Infantry. John H. Blue, a citizen of Louisiana. Capt. Aleja;ndro D. Garcia, Philippine Scouts. William F. Frank, a citizen of Colorado. Capt. Paul Cyril Serif, Infantry. Harry H. Gaver, Jr., a citizen of Maryland. Capt. Lawrence Leroy Skinner, Infantry. John W. Hughes, a citizen of Vermont. Capt: Edward Forstall Adams, Infantry. Alan R. Miller, a citizen of the District of Columbia. Capt. Thomas Sherman Timberman, Infantry. William E. Pierce, a citizen of Georgia. Capt. Cyril Quentin Marron, Infantry. Gene N. Schraeder, a citizen of Pennsylvania. Capt. Robert Herman Krueger, Coast Artillery Corps. Homer W. Sharpenberg, a citizen of West Virginia. Capt. Louis John Storck, Infantry. Capt. Santiago Garcia Guevara, Philippine Scouts. POSTMASTERS Capt. Donald Cameron Tredennick, Coast Artillery Corps. ALABAMA Capt. David Sherman Babcock, Field Artillery. Vera G. Howell to be postmaster at Greensboro, Ala., in Capt. James Jewett Carnes, Infantry. place of V. G. Howell. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ Capt. Joseph Winfield Boone, Infantry. uary 22, 1939. Capt. Hugh Chauncey Johnson, Infantry. James A. Johnson to be postmaster at Tuskegee Institute, Capt. James Michael Fitzmaurice, Air Corps (temporary Ala., in place of J. B. Washington, deceased. major, Air Corps). CALIFORNIA Capt. John Owen Colonna, Corps of Engineers. May C. Baker to be postmaster at .Paradise, Calif., in place Capt. Charles Calvin Higgins, Infantry. of M. C. Baker. Incumbent's conu;nission expired June 2, Capt. George Craig Stewart, Infantry. 1940. Capt. Louis Peter Leone, Infantry. Mark E. Geeting to be postmaster at Placentia, Calif., in Capt. Robert Leroy Dulaney, Infantry. place of Talbot Bielefeldt. Incumbent's commission expired Capt. James Clarke Carter, Infantry. May 22, 1940. Capt. Robert McKee Smith, Ordnance Department. FLORIDA Capt. Hoyt Sanford Vandenberg, Air Corps

GEORGIA Harry F. Rieser to be postmaster at West Leesport, Pa., in Bernard Franklin to be postmaster at Calhoun, Ga., in place of C. B. Rothenberger. Incumbent's commission expired place of B. Y. Dickey, deceased. January 13, 1936. • Milton R. Luft to be postmaster at Wyomissing, Pa., in place ILLINOIS of M. R. Luft. Incumbent's commission expired June 20, 1940. Chrystal W. Beckett to b.e postmaster at Golden, Ill., in place of C. W. Beckett. Incumbent's commission expired SOUTH DAKOTA March 8, 1939. Helen E. Becker, to be postmaster at Turton, S. Dak., in INDIANA place of H. E. Becker. Incumbent's commission expired Norman R. Billieu to be postmaster at Westport, Ind., in June 28, 1940. .vlace of G. F. Bandeen. Incumbent's commission expired James L. Simpson to be postmaster at Veblen, S.Dak., in May 19, 1940. place of J. L. Simpson. Incumbent's commission expired IOWA June 16, 1940. Charles J. Cash, Jr., to be postmaster at Anamosa, Iowa, TEXAS in place of C. J. Cash, Jr. Incumbent's commission expired Leon W. Rutland to be postmaster at Commerce, Tex., in June 1, 1940. place of D. N. Hargrave, deceased. Benjamin Roy Bogenrief to be postmaster at Hinton, Iowa, UTAH in place of B. R. Bogenrief. Incumbent's commission expired David John Black to be postmaster at Blanding, Utah, in July 1, 1940. place of W. Z. Black, deceased. Oliver Van Syoc to be postmaster at Milo, Iowa, in place VERMONT of Oliver Van Syoc. Incumbent's commission expired July 1, 1940. William H. Lang to be postmaster at Beecher Falls, Vt. Cecilia R. Mead to be postmaster at Oto, Iowa, in place Office became Presidential July 1, 1939. of L. W. McCleerey, removed. VIRGINIA KANSAS. Louise J. Taylor to be postmaster at Beaverdam, Va., in Fairfax Barnes to be postmaster at Oswego, Kans., in place place of L. J. Taylor. Incumbent's commission expired April of J. C. Carpenter, deceased. 24, 1940. Paul E. Tubbs to be postmaster at Turon, Kans., in place Anne L. Bowman to be postmaster at Bonny Blue, Va., in of I. J. Collopy, deceased. place of L. M. Rayburn, resigned. MASSACHUSETTS Walter E. Groves to be postmaster at Buckroe Beach, Va. Office became Presidential July 1, 1938. Susan F. Twiss to be postmaster at Three Rivers, Mass., Ashby W. Mayo to be postmaster at Scottsville, Va., in place in place of S. F. Twiss.· Incumbent's commission expired of S. R. Gault, deceased. April 24, 1940. WEST VIRGINIA MINNESOTA Eric Lind to be postmaster at Chisago City, Minn., in place Grace Loving to be postmaster at Eccles, W. Va., in place of Eric Lind. Incumbent's commission expired March 25, of Levi Gay. Incumbept's commission expired January 23, 1940. 1940. WISCONSIN MONTANA MaryS. Smith to be postmaster at Hot Springs, Mont., in Quiren M. Groessl to be postmaster at Algoma, Wis., in place of M. C. DeMers. Incumbent's commission expired May place of Q. M. Groessl. Incumbent's commission expired May 22, 1938. 19, 1940. NEBRASKA Nellie Drew to be postmaster at Footville, Wis., in place of Weaver Jennings Holliday to be postmaster at Stuart, Nellie Drew. Incumbent's commission expired July 1, 1940. Nebr., in place of W. J. Holliday. Incumbent's commission Harry L. Williams to be postmaster at Hazel Green, Wis., in expired June 1, 1940. place of H. L. Williams. Incumbent's commission expired NEW JERSEY June 25, 1940. John J. Sanders to be postmaster at Allentown, N. J., in Charles V. Porter to be postmaster at Menomonie, Wis., in place of J. J. Sanders. Incumbent's commission expired June place of C. V. Porter. Incumbent's commission expired June 25, 1940. 1, 1940. Herbert Schneider to be postmaster at Riverside, N. J., in Charles I. Nixon to be postmaster at Ontario, Wis., in place place of Herbert Schneider. Incumbent's commission expired of Edward Stackman, retired. June 16, 1940. Fred V. Stephan ro be postmaster at Shullsburg, Wis., in NEW YORK place of F. V. Stephan. Incumbent's commission expired Thomas F. English to be postmaster at Elmsford, N.Y., in June 19, 1940. place ofT. F. English. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ uary 20, 1940. CONFIRMATIONS America Masucci to be postmaster at Sparkill, N. Y., in place Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate July 3 (leg­ of America Masucci. Incumbent's commission expired June islative day of July 1) 1940 20, 1940. NORTH CAROLINA POSTMASTERS William F. Van Hoy to be postmaster at Yadkinville, N. c., CALIFORNIA in place of C. N. Dobbins. Incumbent's commission expired Harry S. Sumners, Artesia. March 4, 1940. Royal F. Hiebert, Central Valley. NORTH DAKOTA Edith Irvin, Clearwater. Ernest J. Collette to be postmaster at Grand Forks, N.Dak., Ira H. Arbuckle, Clovis. in place of M. T. Ness. Incumbent's commission expired Velma Betty Doheney, Hynes. June 25, 1940. Percy W. Helena, Los Altos. Gladyce J. Schultz to be postmaster at Tappen, N.Dak., in Gertrude Ford, Pacific Palisades. place of J. M. Buck, removed. George F. Erwin, Sanitarium. PENNSYLVANIA Josephine Zucca, Selby. Hazel E. Avise, Walnut Creek. Charles R. Graham to be postmaster at Millmont, Pa., in place of C. G. Kleckner. Incumbent's commission expired IOWA JUly 1, 1940. August C. Soer, Victor. l940 CONGR-ESSIONAL -RECORD-- HOUSE 9231

KANSAS MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT ·Edward F. Funke, Burns. 1 ·- sunfuy messages ....in writing .. from the Pr-esident of the 'Rollie o. Tobias, Liberal. ~ 'United states were communicatetl to the House by ·Mr. Latta, ·

MASSAG~USETTS one of his secretaries, who also informed the House that on 'the following date the President approved and signed; bills · J. Walter Brown, Brim:fie~d. of the House of the following titles:- MICHIGAN ·on July 2, 1940: ·aeorge W. Leonard, Delton . . ·H. R. 1167. An act for the relief of the Black Hills Methodist ·Ferdinand J. Lange, Sebewaing. Hospital, of Rapid City, S.Dak.; MONTANA H. R. 1846. An act for the relief of Malachy Ryan; Ora M. Freeman, Lima. · H. R. 2946. An act for the relief of Naoma Kinder, a minor; . Thomas E. Devore, Whitehall. H. R. 3925. An act for the relief of Evelyn L. Ratcliffe; -H.-R. 4148. An· act for the relief of Mary S. Arthur, as NEBRASKA executrix of the estate of Richard M. Arthur, deceased; George M. Gaskill, Albion. · H. R. 4185. An act to repatriate native-born -women resi­ Charles R. Larson, Ber.trand. dents of the United states who have heretofore lost their Erwin E. Gardner, Curtis. citizenship by marriage to an alien; ~ Richard M. Britt, Doniphan. H. R. 4412. An act for the relief of Beatrice Lois Rucker; William Nelson, Spenc.er. · H. R. 5424. An act for the relief of Mrs. E. J. McCardle; · NEW YORK . H. R. 5569. An act for the relief of Stuart Bastow; ' Sidney A. Herzig, Beaver Falls. H. R. 5823. An act for the relief of Morrissey Construction Helen B. Brown, Gilbertsville. Co.; · Victor Vergata, Greenvale. , H. R. 6207. An act to amend section 2810 (a), Internal · Glen H. Smith, Mexico. . Revenue Code, to exclude petroleum stills from the require- · Anna W. Cohan, Palmer. ment of registration; · Oren ·a. Hunter, Parish. . H. R. 6408. An act to extend the times for commencing-and : Thomas Q. Quinlan, Pavilion. completing the construction of a dam and dike for prevent~ng · Clarence A. Lockwood, Schroon Lake. the :flow of tidal waters into North Slough in Coos County, ' Howard Bell, Woodstock. Oreg.; ·. H. R. 6443. An act to permit certain aliens whose childhood NORTH CAROLINA was spent. in the United States~ ·it eligible. to citizenship, to : Oliver L. ·Hoffman, -Mo.unt-Holly. become naturalized without :filing declaration of intention; · . Leon A. Mann, Newport. . H. ·R. 6686. An act for the relief of T. Jack Neal; James C. Farris, Valdese. H. R. 6730. An act for the relief-of Edward P. Glenn, Jr.; NORTH DAKOTA H: R. 6737. An act for the relief of Clarence D. Green; ' Sophie Ovedia Doyle, Belfield. . H~ R. 7865. An act to. amend the act for the regulation of Kathryn I. Seaborn, Dickey. the practice of dentistry in the District of Celumbia;:-and.. for ­ the protection- of the people from empiricism in relation O~AHOMA thereto, approved June 6, 1892, and,acts amendatory. thereof; ' Oscar Speed, Sa.yre. . H. R.'7880. ·An act for relief ofo Edna Emery; UTAH H. R. 7914. An act for. the relief of Simon A. Brieger, as ~ Robert H. Barton, Layton. legal representative of the estate of Thomas Gerald·Brieger, VIRGINIA a deceased minor; . . · Alden D. Rader, Stuarts Draft. H. R. 8172. An act to amend section 5 of the act of Congress . approved June 26, 1906, relative to the Alaska salmon :fishery; H. R. 8252. An act for the ·relief of John Owen; HOUSE OF REPR·ESENTATIVES ~ H. R. 8285. An act to limit the importation of products made, produced, processed, or mined under process covered WEDNESDAY, JULY 3, 1~40 by unexpired-valid United States· patents, and for other pur- The House met at 12 o'clock noon. poses; · The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered . H. R. 8414. An act for the relief of Charles E. Moister, for­ the following prayer: mer disbursing clerk for the Department of Commerce and the National Recovery Administration; J. L. Summers, de­ · 0 Light of God, fall on life's common ways where hu~an ceased former chief disbursing clerk, Division of Disburse­ lives are thronging in toil and weakness. Let understanding ment,' Treasury Department; and Guy F. Allen, chief and courage come with the realization that religion is ·an disbursing officer, Division of Disbursement, Treasury De­ experience of comfort, rest, and security; thus can discontent partment; be driven out and the shadows of the future lifted; impress H. R. 8910. An act providing for the ext~nsion of nonquota. us that physical ease is not civilization. Inspire our people status to Frederick Beck; to take the Sermon on the Mount and translate its principles H. R. 8919. An act to authorize the setting aside of an area. of honesty, purity, and unselfishness into good citizenship. within the Canal Zone to preserve and conserve its natural Under God let the world of strife be shut out and the brother­ features for scientific study, for providing and maintaining hood of man shut in. 0 Master of the lonely way, show this facilities for such study, and for other purposes; drooping, bleeding world anew the wonders that make men H. R. 9063. An act authorizing the Administrator of the free. Deepen in us the most earne·st concern for peace, for Federal Works Agency to transfer certain property in San suffering humanity, and for a passion for human freedom Francisco, Calif., to the city and county of San Francisco and for social justice. 0 crown us with conviction and not for street purposes; bigotry, with self-respect and not vanity, and with meekness H. R. 9299. An act to amend section 10 of chapter 5 of and power. We pray that our strength may be as the strength Public Act No. 436, Seventy-third Congress, approved June 19, of ten because our hearts are pure. Grant that any burdened 1934; one may bear patiently the cross of grief and pain. Let come H. R. 9391. An act to amend section 40, National Defense the wisdom and the peace of God to dwell with our Speaker Act as amended, relating to the organization of the Reserve and the Congress. In the name of our ever-living Saviour. Offi~ers' Training Corps, so as to provide for an exception with Amen~ respect to the University of Alaska; The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and H. R. 9850. An. act to expedite the strengthening of the. approved. national defense; 9232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 3 - H. R. 9509. An act to extend the times for commencing and great many Members are tremendously interested in it. The completing the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River people who have in charge the so-called Hatch bill have been at or near Shawneetown, Ill.; very fine in not insisting on calling it up suddenly, but before H. R. 9594. An act to amend the Soil Conservation and Do­ we had the adjournment for the Republican convention it mestic Allotment Act, as amended, the Agricultural Adjust­ was tentatively agreed that it would come up next week. ment Act of 1938, as amended, and for other purposes; Whether or not, with 250 or 235 Members present, those in H. R. 9618. An act to extend the times for commencing and charge of that bill will want to call it up I do not know. completing the construction of a bridge across the Susque­ I am coinmitted to allow it to come up next week if they hanna River at or near the city of Harrisburg, Pa.; insist. However, I think it would be the better part of judg­ H. R. 9633. An act to · enlarge and extend the power and ment if they allowed it to go over until after the convention, jurisdiction of the Board of Education over degree-conferring when the Members will be here. institutions operating within the District of Columbia; Now, that is all I know of that may come up next week. H. R. 9791. An act to amend the District of Columbia Un­ Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? employment Compensation Act; Mr. RAYBURN. I yield. H. R. 9804 . . An act to amend and clarify section 6, subsec­ Mr. MICHENER. My understanding was that the Hatch tion 2, of the act approved June 1, 1938, known as "Juvenile bill was to come up on next Tuesday. Court Act of the District of Columbia," and for other Mr. RAYBURN. That has been the hope. purposes; Mr. MICHENER. Then unless other arrangements are H. R. 9899. An act extending the jurisdiction of the Civil made, it will be called up on Tuesday? Aeronautics Authority ever certain air-mail services, and for Mr. RAYBURN. Yes; but I may say this: Unless we get other purposes; through with the Mexican claims bill in time to take up Judge H. R. 9907. An act to provide for the recording and releas­ Mansfield's matter, which will be a question of only 1 hour ing of liens by entries on certificates of title for motor vehicles if all the time is used, I would like to bring that up first on and trailers, and for other purposes; Tuesday. If it is insisted upon, I am willing for the Hatch bill H. R. 9920. An act authorizing the county of Lawrence, to follow that. Ohio, to acquire and operate as a unit certain privately owned Mr. MICHENER. As far as I am concerned, there are a toll bridges across the Ohio River adjoining .such county; great number on this side who are absent because there is H. R. 9927. An act declaring a forfeiture of certain land nothing to do here. If the Hatch bill is to come up on Tues­ heretofore granted by the United States to the board of com­ day, they will be here and we would like an opportunity to missioners of the Orleans Levee District, in the city of New notify them. Orleans, State of Louisiana, .for levee and street purposes; Mr. RAYBURN. I will say to the gentleman that by to­ and morrow, I hope, and certainly by Friday, it can be definitely H. R.10009. An act to amend section 13 (d) of the Railroad determined whether the Hatch bill is coming up and the Unemployment Insurance Act. office of each Member will be notified if it is. ORDER OF BUSINESS Mr. MICHENER. I thank the gentleman. Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, will the proceed for 1 minute. gentleman yield? The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. RAYBURN. I yield. There was no objection. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. There will be no effort Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I ask for this time in order made to adjourn Congress, will there? to make a unanimous-consent request and to make an Mr. RAYBURN. There will be an effort made to adjourn explanation. Congress over the Democratic convention the same as we did It is the idea that when we adjourn today we will adjourn over the Republic.an convention. until tomorrow and before I take my seat I will make a unani­ Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. But not to adjourn mous-consent request that when we adjourn tomorrow we permanently, not a sine die adjournment? · adjourn to meet on Monday next. Mr. RAYBURN. I have been home for 5 days, looked at I understand the gentleman from New York [Mr. REED] my cattle, and looked over my crops. I am perfectly resigned desires to ·interrogate me. to stay. I can warm this chair leather just· as long as any­ Mr. REED of New York. I suggest that, for the benefit of body and be perfectly satisfied about it. [Applause.] those present who may have plans for over the week end, we Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. There is a great inter­ might have some idea of the status of affairs for the coming national crisis and we should not adjourn sine die. week. ADJOUR~ENT OVER Mr. RAYBURN. For next week, of course, Monday is Dis­ Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent trict of Columbia day. I do not know whether they have any that when the House adjourns tomorrow it adjourn to meet legislation or not. When they get through, then the so-called on Monday next. Mexican claims bill will be taken up for completion. I think The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the there remain 30 minutes of general debate on that bill, and gentleman from Texas? then we will proceed to dispose of it. There was no objection. The gentleman from Texas [Mr. MANSFIELD] informs me NO LYNCHINGS IN AMERICA that they must come back for a separate vote on the so-called Mundt amendment to the stream-pollution bill. A great Mr. HOBBS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to many Members-and I say this to both sides of the House­ address the House for 1 minute. are talking to me about the Commodity Credit Corporation The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. bill, or an increase in their power. Yesterday when the roll There was no objection. was called 273 Members answered. That is more than 150 Mr. HOBBS. Mr. Speaker, in this dark hour in the world's Members short of the complete membership. I doubt very destiny, when the dogs of war are snarling, barking, or biting seriously, I will say to those who are interested in that mat­ in almost every nation on earth, there is one and only one ter, if it would be a wise thing to bring it up next week. I preeminent consideration in every mind-preparation for might say that when the minority leader was here and before peace by national defense. we adjourned he and I spoke about the adjournment for next But I do not think it amiss to mention with pride, joy, and week over the Democratic convention. As I remember it, we gratitude to Providence a victory upon another fighting front, were talking about adjourning on Thursday over to the fol­ in the war against crime. lowing Monday week. Of course, that makes a very short There has been no lynching in the United States in 1940. week if we do that. There is another thing that is impor­ The last lynching was on April 1, 1939. Four hundred and tant, and this has not yet been determined, and I know a fifty-eight days have come and gone since then, without mob 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9233 violence. Four hundred and fifty-eight victory days. graduation address I made a number of years ago on the . [Applause.] subject of universal empire. Every Member of Congress, I am sure, feels as I do, that The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. this achievement should be noted, not in self-satisfaction and There was no objection. restful complacency, but as a challenge to renewed and in­ Mr. BOEHNE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to creased effort to keep our national escutcheon permanently extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include therein clean of the stain of mob murder. [Applause.] . three short tables from the Bureau of the Census, the Census This fact is also certified in humble gratitude to Almighty of Manufactures, and the Department of Agriculture. God for His inspiration and leadership in this conquering The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. struggle for righteousness. . There was no objection. We cannot be too oft reminded that lynching is, as it should Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, I rise for a double purpose: be-definitely on the way out. In the first year for which Flrst, I ask unanimous consent to extend my own remarks in accurate records were kept-1892-there were 231 . persons the RECORD and to include therein a survey of the historical lynched in the United·States. In 1939 there was one. And work done by theW. P. A. in America; and, secondly, I desire he was a white man. I know that some authorities charge to extend my remarks by including therein a speech by the that there were three, but I have investigated each one of Honorable Charles G. Binderup on the subject Will Democ­ these three alleged lynchings and solemnly certify that there racy Survive? is no evidence to substantiate the charge in two of the three The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the cases. In my speech on this :floor on January 10, 1940, I gave gentleman from North Dakota? the unvarnished facts. Suffice it to say now that one was a There was no objection. murder committed by two men. Every so-called antilynching Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to bill has defined lynching as killing by a mob composed of three extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include therein or more persons. Murder by two men is not lynching. an address delivered by Phillip D. Reed, chairman of the In another of the three. cases a body, long dead, was found. board of the General Electric Co., before the United States There was no evidence whatsoever of any mob violence. It Junior Chamber of Commerce. may or may not have been a lynching. The third case un­ The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. questionably was a lynching by a mob composed of four or There was no objection. five men. The victim was white. But whether there was PERMISsioN TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE one or two or three lynchings in 1939, the record proves be­ yond the shadow of a doubt that this crime is being utterly Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to eradicated. It is being eradicated by the only force that can address the House for 10 minutes today after the disposition eradicate it, namely, enlightened local in:fiuence. Local self­ of the special order that has 'been heretofore entered. government has wrought this miracle. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. There was no objection. It seems to me that even in times like these, when civiliza­ tion is almost forgotten, when humanity is drowning in a EXTENSION OF REMARKS sea of blood, . and when every exertion should be bent toward Mr. SCHIFFLER. Mr. Speaker, .I ask unanimous consent keeping the gates of wrath from closing the way of hope, this to revise and extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to record of achievement is worthy of the attention of Congress. include therein an editorial from a Grafton Germany, and admit him to permanent residence in the due to an oversight on the pru·t of the original claimants in that United States but would expressly provide that he may not they failed to properly describe the land assigned to them by the Government and to file the formal proof ·in the proper land office become a naturalized citizen unless and until he leaves the and this, more than 100 years ago. United States and reenters in a lawful way. 4. It would seem inequitable and unjust to compel occupants of This legislation is anomalous and different in its provisions the land like the widow Nickels to pay $30 an acre at this time in order to secure patents from the Government. from other bills of this type. It seems highly questionable 5. The act of December 22, 1928 (45 Stat. 1069), referred to in whether a person who is to be considered ineligible to become the recent letter from the Department of the Interior contemplates a citizen of the United States, should, nevertheless, be ad­ the purchase from the Government of land throughout the United States where the conditions are such, and the equities are such, mitted to permanent residence in this country. If a person that a present appraisement of the land will do justice to the is to be so admitted, he should be permitted to apply for nat­ Government and to the citizen. uralization if he so desires. If he is not regarded as a fit sub­ 6. The enact ment of this law follows a precedent rather than ject for naturalization, no reason is discernible why he should establishing one. As a practical matter this bill places upon the statute books no new law, but does revive the act of February be admitted to permanent residence. 16, 1929, for a period of 5 years. In view of the foregoing considerations, I am unable to . It seems to me that the committee's position is sound, and approve this legislation in its present form. justice requires that the relief provided in this proposed law FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. should be given. This veto message is most unfortunate. THE WHITE HOUSE, July 3, 1940. The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the gentleman from Louisiana. The SPEAKER. The objections of the President will be The motion was agreed to. spread at large upon the Journal. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I move that the bill and the be to AMENDMENT OF TARIFF ACT OF 1930-VETO MESSAGE FROM THE message referred the Committee on Immigration and PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 864) Naturalization and ordered printed. The SPEAKER laid before the House the following fur­ The motion was agreed to. ther veto message from the President of the United States: A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. SALOMON GEORG KAUFMAN-VETO MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT To the House of Representatives: OF THE UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 865) I return herewith, without my approval, H. R. 6328, to The SPEAKER laid before the House the following further amend the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended by section 34 (c) veto message from the President of the United States: of the Customs Administrative Act of 1938 signature to it, veto message from the President of the United States: and I can recall the rapt attention of the good citizens of that day as they listened to its patriotic periods. To the House of Representatives: But I am afraid that a good deal of water-and much o! I return herewith, without my approval, H. R. 6845, au­ it of a very muddy and snag-ridden variety-has passed undey thorizing and directing the Secretary of the Treasury to pay our national mill since those good old days. Thomas Jeffer­ out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropri­ son, the great statesman who wrote that document and who ated the sum of $3,500 to Anthony Borsellino, Washington, peacefully extended the borders of our Nation toward the D. C., 'in full settlement of all claims against the United western ocean, has been almost forgotten, or remembered States for the death of his minor son, J'oseph Borsellino, as too often with a partisan sneer. Today, we are told, we are a result of injuries received through the negligent operation entering upon a new era-the old things must be ignored­ of a truck belonging to the District of Columbia National we are facing a newer destiny-we have become a world power. Guard on June 23, 1933, at Third Street and Maine Avenue, they are telling us, and we must go forth and prove our Washington, D. C. power. 9238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUS_E JULY 3 I do not read the destiny of America in any such terms. I place here. We _have no place there. [Applause.] The hope recall the words of Jefferson with reference to the spirit which still clings to my heart that our America still believes in he infused into the Nation--that we represent the last word humanity, in religion, in comradeship, in freedom, and in the in a free and independent nation-that our Nation was pursuit of happiness. founded in freedom and inspired with the hope of equality And that is all I wish to say in this Fourth of July speech and happiness and liberty for all our people. about my personal opinions. I think they are well known. I LET US TURN BACK THE PAGES have not tried to conceal them. But, lest my candor be mis­ And so, today, let me turn back the pages of our history construed, I want to say and to say firmly and with deepest for a brief moment, and let us see if that high conception of conviction that I consider it the duty of every American to our national ideals enunciated not only by Jefferson but by keep that sort of warfare from our shores, and to do every­ Washington and Franklin and Adams and Madison and thing within our power to protect ourselves and our country Monroe, and by all of the great fathers of our Republic, was a from invasion and from every effort, no matter by whom, to mere illusion. transplant the despotic ideals that are responsible for condi­ There comes to my mind at this moment another celebra­ tions over there in Europe and Asia upon American soil or tion of Independence Day that occurred a long time ago, and ever finding a foothold on the American Continent. a speech that was made by the man who wrote the Declara­ I believe that I can safely assert that such is my interpreta­ tion, then President of the Nation that he had helped to tion of Americanism, and that upon that doctrine I mean to found. The occasion was the Fourth of July, 1806. A copy take my stand and form my opinions. Let me see if I am of the speech Jefferson made on that occasion has not been warranted in believing that such is the destiny of our Re­ preserved, but in a letter that he wrote to his friend, Mr. public and no other. At the risk of retreading old ground, let Thomas Digges, extending him an invitation to be present at me bring to you again the voices of the men whom we have the celebration he forecasts the substance of his speech. It been taught to revere as the men who, in the words of Lincoln, was a significant utterance and one that comes to us today "brought forth this Nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated as forcefully as if the speaker were here today in this hall. to the proposition that all men are created equal." He said: "THE NEW DESTINY"-A SHAM CATCHWORD I will be happy to see you on the Fourth of July and to join I will be brief. The words that I will recall were few. They with you in congratulations on the anniversary of the day which came from men who fought for our freedom, who sat down divorced us forever from the follies and crimes of Europe. We, too, when we had obtained it and planned for a great Nation set shall encounter follies, but if great, they will be short, and if long, they will be righted. For Americans we have but one national upon firm foundations. They were words that were inspired birthday-the Fourth of July-the day upon which this Nation and every occasion that brought them forth was an epoch in was born. That was America's first great holiday of liberty, and the life of America.. The building of this Nation was no if it were ever possible for that fact to be forgotten which was our Nation's basic foundation, that day it wlll fall as other governments haphazard affair-its steps were carefully mapped out-its have in the past. progress sincerely and devotedly planned. And we sit here THE FOLLIES AND CRIMES OF WAR today in the full enjoyment of national peace and happiness Ponder those words of Jefferson's for a few minutes. He just because it was all done that way. So, let me say, that referred to the follies and crimes of Europe-meaning the we should not be deceived by catchwords about a new destiny. wars of the Napoleonic era. He minced no words. Wars to Our destiny was mapped out for us long age-the destiny of him were really and literally crimes. But if he could desig­ the world's greatest democracy-the destiny of a nation that nate the European wars of his day as crimes, what would he became the refuge of the amicted and the hope and the home have said of the mechanized wars of this day? Then, at least, of the stricken from every land. men fought with men in the -open field and there was much We hold these truths to be self-evident­ to be said of courage and skill and even of the humanities of Said that immortal Declaration- war. But what words could the author of the Declaration that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their have found to voice his horror of the kind of warfare that Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, is going on over there in Europe, where valiant is never the liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriVing their just powers word, and where from the clouds high above and belching from the consent of the governed. steel machines, death is hurled upon innocent old men, women, growing boys, babies in arms, nurses in hospitals, There is the cornerstone. Has it been uprooted by any­ and children in the schools? If Jefferson saw follies and thing that is happening over there today-! mean uprooted crimes over there in his day what would he have said of the here in our own country? Do we not believe still in every word shambles of EuropE:an battlefields of today where the plea of that fundamental doctrine of Americanism? Do you be­ of humanity and mercy is never heeded and where the hope lieve that such a doctrine is outmoded, or that our duty still expressed by Jefferson in his declaration-the pursuit of is to protect bere upon our shores and within our borders that happiness-is heard no more? doctrine in all its purity and not risk its annihilation in a Let me at the outset make myself clear upon one subject barbarian warfare upon a foreign shore against men and that seems to be uppermost in the minds of our people machines that could understand not one word of the high today-that of war. I do hate war as a means of settling humanities that Declaration inspires? disputes between nations. The wars of today are not the So let us resolve ever to defend our liberties and our pre­ wars of yesterday. If ever there was the word glory to be cious Declaration of them with "wJllions for defense but attached to feats of war-to courageous charges and heroic not one cent for tribute" to any foreign despot or dictator defenses-that word can no longer be applied to the mecha­ of their machines of slaughter. Our duty is here. Washing­ nized slaughter that is going on over there in Europe today. ton told us so when our country was at its perilous crossroads The armies are helmeted robots. The artillery is composed and I hope that his words have not been forgotten, or his of juggernaut tanks that roll over and crush human bodies, warning belittled by overzealous ambitions or misconception and of winged vE'ssels, flying beyond reach in the air, that of national duty. rflin down bombs from the skies upon men and women and WASHINGTON'S WORDS RING TRUE TODAY children, hospitals and churches, art galleries, and places of The name of American, which belongs to you in your national earthly beauty. capacity- KEEP THAT WARFARE FROM AMERICA Wrote Washington in that last warning he gave to the Whatever glory of war ever existed has departed forever; Nation he had served so well- The men who plan and conduct these new devastations they must always exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any ap­ call wars are of a new and inhuman type. Courting no dan­ pellation derived from local discriminations. With slight shades of ger themselves, they scatter danger, destruction, death, dis­ difference, you have the same religion, manners, habits, and po­ litical principles. You have in a common cause fought and tri­ ease, and famine across the fair fields of harmless and peace­ umphed together. The independence and liberty you possess are ful countries. It is purely a European system. It has no the work of joint counsels and Joint efforts, o! common dangers, 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9239

sufferings, and successes. • • • The grea,t nue of conduct ~or I ther for a definition .of true Americanism for sure guides to us, in ·regard to foreign nations, is, in extending: our, c_olD:Illerclal ; our duties in every present emergency than what .we can. r(Hations, to have with them as little political connection as pos- ...... slble. • • • ·Europe has a set of primary interests-which ,to us · find.m these calm.and,dlgmfied words that.shaped the.m1tial have none or a very remote relation. Hence, she must be engaged . policies of our Nation, and that should still remain our beacon . in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essenti_ally foreign lights. Looking forward is always good counsel, but when .we to our concerns. Hence, ·therefore, it must be unwise for us to d h ld t k d 1 k b k h implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of · · O so We S ou a e a goo o~g loo ac and see W at we her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her have .passed through, what perils we have escaped, what the fr.iendships or enmities. Republic really means, and what we must do to preserve it in . · I am aware that· it· has become the custom in some quar- its originality-the greatest democracy the world has ever ters to look upon these great words of our first President · known. Jefferson once said: slightingly-as fitted to his period but outmoded .in this era · There were only two-great democracies-France and the United of destiny and expansion. We did forget them 20 years ago, · States. and learned the bitter truth of every word that Washington Today France is gone-a slave under an invader's heel. uttered with the dead we left in Flanders and the wrecked But America remains. Let it not be the last of the great lives that we brought back home, and the peace that we democracies. [Applause.] thought we had -made to end all wars, with dire results we EXTENSION oF REMARKS know today. Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that No; those words of Washington are not outmoded. They my colleague the gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. MuNDT] Were beacons that lighted US down the decades that fol- may extend his remarks in the RECORD, and include therein lowed him. They were reiterated by Jefferson and Madison an editorial. and Monroe. They inspired Lincoln in the hope that "such a· nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the that all men are created equal, shall long endure." They gentleman from Nebraska? There was no objection. came to life again in the Monroe Doctrine* which breathed Mr. MICHENER.· Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous cons-ent a warning to all European empires that this American Con- tinent was not destined for their exploitations. to include in the J;emarks I made today some excerpts from a committee report. THE COMPASS WAS SET IN MONROE'S· DAY The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Let us recall on this liberty anniversary the words of that gentleman. from Michigan? doctrine, uttered in Monroe's seventh anqual Presidential There was no objection. message in 1824, which, · in spite of partisan attack, is still Mr. BROOKS asked and was given permission to revise and firmly imbedded in the American policy. Monroe wrote, in extend his own remarks in the REcoRD.- the face of the threats of the unholy holy alliance that· was , The SPEAKER pro temp6re Berlin or Leningrad, despotism and tyranny are still the regard themselves as superior to the feeling of patriotism. same. They crush the human soul. They destroy books, Today this attitude is gone with the wind. On this Fourth art, music. And with the death of all that has been so pain­ of July no American, no matter what may be his political fully created by the minds of men since the dawn of culture views, no matter what may be his racial origin, can prevent there dies the spark of human kindness which makes life himself from being proud that he lives in the United States worth the living. of America in the year 1940. Here in our own Nation we have constructed a household We have our problems; we have our troubles; and it would reared upon freedom and anchored in the firm granite of be a foolish man who sought to minimize their importance. tolerance-tolerance to all men who love our country, toler­ For the last decade we have been passing through a series ance to all men who .come to us seeking the right to live in of tremendous economic catastrophes. They have taxed our peace and happiness. Live and let live in America means live strength. They have cost us billions in terms of dollars. No · and help live. Perhaps we are idealists in this great and one knows how much they have cost us in terms of human abundant land. But our ideals are not the barren abstract suffering. Yet we know that the spirit of America has not ideals of the philosopher. We seek to practice them in the wavered in the face of the blows we have received. There is daily activities of our lives. still present in our land the courage, the bravery, the energy, Those ideals are under fire today. Yet to me they remain and the loyalty which have made this Nation of ours the the most noble element of our American civilization. We greatest in the records of human history. must labor to rebuild them, to reaffirm them, to train a new Look about you in the world today. Everywhere we see generation which will understand them and revere them as darkness and chaos. In Asia savage warfare rages on un­ did our fathers and their fathers before them. known fronts. The soldiers of Japan make war upon those Education is the safeguard of democracy now and forever. who are their brothers in blood, skin, and even in their basic It is our solemn duty to educate the rising generation to a cultures. In the Balkans farmers tend their flocks and look realization of the meaning of true democracy. It is not fearfully toward the skies for enemy bombers which may enough to teach the glib externals of American citizenship. spring from the clouds without a moment's warning. Central Our boys and girls may recite with quick fluency the names Europe is a tinder box, which may burst into flame at any of the principal actors in the national drama. We must not­ instant. In every town and hamlet of the British country- we dare not--stop at this if we are to preserve the democratic ~KVI--581 9242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 3 · system which we love: Our children and their children to It brings us before the nations of the earth pleading. with . follow them must understand the meaning of American ideal­ them to consecrate themselves once more, as one greater ism. It is our task to convince them that human life is not than ourselves consecrated Himself almost 2,000 years ago­ cheap; to make them understand that each of us, no matter to the Brotherhood of Man and the Fatherhood of God. what may be his color, his creed, or his origin, stands in the The world has forgotten tolerance, kindness, justice, 'and sight of America as a human being worthy of all that life has love today. In America, we must educate a generation which to offer. The right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi­ will grow to stalwart manhood courageously and honorably ness must not be dismissed by our Nation if it is to remain to teach the world these forgotten truths. the citadel of man's freedom when we are gone . . Let us thank these who founded this Nation for teachin.g To the fathers and mothers of today there comes the oppor- · us to be free men; men who are still able to think of freeing tunity to play a glorious role in the determination of the those of our brothers in other lands, the lessons of American future. We are destined to aid the process of restoring the liberty in a year of darkness. · inspiration of American history. This generation, with its JULY 4, 1940 ever-present temptation to rely upon others for assistance, Mr. PITI'ENGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent needs more Abraham Lincolns. We need young men and to address the House for 5 minutes. women who will see visions, who will discover new frontiers The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? of science, thought, and invention. There was no objection. The New Deal for the past 7 years and more has destroyed Mr. PITTENGER. Mr. Speaker, we have listened with a the incentive of our people. Republicans are not alone in great deal of interest to the fine and able address of the gen­ their assertion that huge segments of our population have tleman from Ohio [Mr. BENDER]. been pauperized by the program created at Washington. Tomorrow marks the birthday of this great Republic. I So'cial workers, who come into daily contact with thousands want to say on this occasion, for I understand we will not be of families each year, will testify to the creation of a new ·in session tomorrow, that with World War development$ we attitude of shiftless indifference in thousands of young people. must not f-orget the serious and critical condition in which They have come to tell us, "Why look for work? I know I this Republic finds itself at this period of time. Today after can~t find any. I'll sit home and let the Government take 7¥2 yea;rs of experiments, most of them borrowed from Mos­ care of me. If they refuse, we'll vote those who oppose us cow, Russia, we have an unemployment problem; we have out of office and put in men who will do what we tell them." other domestic problems that are more serious than any that There can be no future for a Nation afflicted with this have ever confronted this Government of ours during its mortal disease of self-destruction. Happily, there are in our entire history. Millions of men are out of work; millions of country millions more who refuse to resign themselves to young people who have grown up within the last few years this fate. They know that if they take heart, if they will it, who, on account of wrong governmental policies, have been we shall once more become a nation of busy factories, tre­ denied the opportunity that comes to a free people to earn mendous industries, the America which we shall again rebuild. wages and to make a living. On this Fourth of July there are idle hands in America. But there are brave and free minds too. There are minds DOMESTIC PROBLEMS CRITICAL which recall that the problems we face are problems made by I was reminded very forcibly of that fact when I had a men. We know that our factories are the most productive visitor in my office this morning. The mother of a young in the world; that our natural resources from the Atlantic unmarried man 3Z years of age came in to plead with me to to the Pacific are still the largest undeveloped reservoir secure a job for this young man. The .father is employed. known to man; that we can produce in abundance. Men Months and months have gone by during which period of have created the problem of unemployment, and those prob­ time he has tried to find something to do. His case is typi­ lems which men can create, men of good will and courage can cal of thousands-~es, millions-of people all over the length solve. and breadth of this land. We must be grateful on this holiday of our freedom that UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM we in America have still the right to make our own decisions I do not say it in a spirit of vindictiveness, but I say as a on the manner in which we shall meet our problems. No matter of fact, that all of the experiments and all of the dictator seeks to direct our thoughts. No tyrant writes the waste of money for the past 7¥2 years by the administration editorials which all of us must read. We bend no knee to have gone for nought as far as doing something for the Amer­ an arrogant overlord; our "good-byes" to our friends still ican people is concerned, and we are now where we started mean "God be with you"- we need not hail the superman. over 7 years ago. If that policy is to continue, if the results Perhaps someone in the infinite wisdom of a great genius of those experiments are to be adopted, they will increase the might be able to solve every human problem with a stroke ranks of those who cannot find work and eventually wreck of the pen. Our Nation is committed to the belief that no the bulwark of liberty which the people on July 4, 1776, pro­ one man may be trusted with such powers. We prefer to nounced and presented to the world. muddle through by our own free wits. A great student of DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE government once wrote: It would do us all good to read the Declaration of Independ­ It is better to govern oneself badly than to be governed well ence, written by Thomas Jefferson. I just give you a brief by a master. When the master governs well, all is good, but his suc­ quotation. He said: cessor may be evil, and freedom is at an end. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are cre­ Americans, wherever they may be throughout the world, ated equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the must rally to their flag on this Fourth of July. Our's is not pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments the cause of oppression; it is not the love of conquest; it is are instituted among men, deriving their Just powers from the not the will to hate. We have might; we have strength. consent of the governed. Within our armies lies the potential force of a resolute This declaration tomorrow will have a double meaning. nation of 130,000,000 men, women, boys, and girls who thrill First, it wiU be a challenge to those who have been in con- to the sound of America. Our cannons can roar. Our . trol of our Government for almost 8 years and whose rec­ planes can darken the skies with their wings. We glory ord is one of failure. Second, it will be a challenge to the in our power. But we do not thrust ourselves upon the earth people of this country to think about World War conditions like the ancient Colossus. Men need not fear us; for Amer­ and think of the philosophy of the Old World which is ica knows her place in the sun. about to prevail, which turns back the clock of history a Today, it is our duty to lead the world in reestablishing few hundred years and reduces the peoples of Europe to the . the lost hopes and ideals of the Bible. . point where they are vassals and where the progress of The Fourth of July sounds no call to war in our ears. mankind began. [Applause.] 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9243 DISLOYAL ELEMENTS THREATEN US May the light of truth prevail and direct us along the It has well been said, Mr. Speaker, that the dangers to lines that will lead to safety and to the preservation of our America are from within and not from without. During American institutions. past years we have had disloyal elements in this country. [Here the gavel fell.] They have sought to undermine our system of government. EXTENSION OF REMARKS They are opposed to the Declaration of Independence and its Mr. ANDERSON of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ declaration in favor of human rights and freedom and all of mous consent to extend my remarks and include an edi­ the advantages that go to a free people. We have been desig­ torial from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. nating this class of people who oppose American institutions The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so as Communists. It has now become fashionable to refer to ordered. them as "fifth columnists." The name by which they are . There was no objection. known makes no particular difference, but it is high time that Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ people who believe in the Constitution of the United States mous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD by in­ declare themselves and act accordingly. We have had too cluding an appropriate editorial from the July 1, 1940, issue much of Russia and Stalin and communism and less of the of Father Coughlin's Social Justice, entitled "Aping John doctrines of Americanism. This new philosophy that the Gov- · Bull." ernment owns the people and that people should be regi­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? mented and reduced to a state of serfdom is an "ism" that There was no objection. may well be looked over carefully on the Fourth day of July. Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous With World War developments during the past year, our consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD and include philosophy holds an added significance. We may soon be­ therein two articles from the Associated Press with reference come the last land which recognizes the supremacy of the to the resignation of Secretary of War Woodring. individual. Time has settled many world-war questions which The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? have greatly concerned the American people. However, it There was no objection. has not settled the question of national defense. For many years the pacifists have dominated in many quarters the Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent thought and actions of our people. This great army of to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to ·include pacifists has advocated that we have no army for our pro­ therewith a short article. tection and no navy for our defense. They have criticized The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so those who would. vote for appropriations to build airplanes ordered. and train pilots to man them, for appropriations to strengthen There was no objection. the Army and to expand the Navy. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks by inserting the first speech I made WE NEED ADEQUATE NATIONAL DEFENSE on un-American activities, subversive activities, communism, · Over a period of years I have fought this false ideal and fascism, and nazi-ism in this country in 1934. this false theory. I have said before, and I say now, that I do not subscribe to the silly doctrine of "peace at any price." The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so My record shows that I have supported legislation that would ordered. help build adequate air forces, an adequate army and an There was no objection. adequate navy: I am proud of that record. I think that I ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED express the hope of millions of my fellow countrymen when Mr. PARSONS, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, I say that an adequate defense program is the one great need reported that that committee had examined and found truly at this time and that the best way for the United States to enrolled bills of the House of the following titles, which were command the respect of foreign countries is to be prepared thereupon signed by the Speaker: to defend its honor and its institutions, if we are ever attacked H. R. 6831. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior by enemies from abroad. to lease certain of the public lands to the Metropolitan Water We are opposed to sending American soldiers to European District of Southern California fot: the extraction of sodium battlefields, and people of good judgment do not believe that chloride for water-conditioning purposes; such a course will be necessary. A program of prepared­ H. R. 8024. An act to provide for the leasing of restricted ness ought to make it unnecessary. allotments of deceased Indians in certain circumstances, and Let us make no mistake. about the way we celebrate the for other purposes; birthday of our Nation, and let us freely admit that as the H. R. 8499. An act relating to adoption of minors by world changes from day to day those changes have their Indians; and effect upon our country. H. R.10106. An act to amend the District of Columbia DAVID LAWRENCE ARTICLE Revenue Act of 1937, as amended. I have before me a "Newsgram" from the United States News under date of July 5. This is a paper published by ADJOURNMENT David Lawrence, one of our outstanding political writers. Mr. CANNON of Florida. Mr. Speaker, I move that the This item calls attention to the fact that the war abroad House do now adjourn. may be over in the near future. It may be that there will The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 1 o'clock and 41 be no Allies, and that the tendencies of today will become minutes p. mJ the House adjourned until tomorrow, Thurs­ settled questions. What will be the attitude of our Govern­ day, July 4, 1940, at 12 o'clock noon. ment and our country toward a possible new order in Europe? This and many other questions are suggested by PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS the item that I have before me. Will there be an economic war, and what policy will the leaders of our Nation take? Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills and resolutions I do not here enumerate the many suggested possibilities were introduced and severally referred as follows: contained in this Newsgram, but I do say that it is a By Mr. BROOKS: thought-provoking one. Now is the time for people in high H. R. 10166. A bill to expedite the trial of all crimes of a official position to refrain from too much talk and do more disloyal character, and for other purposes; to the Committee thinking along constructive lines. I commend to you a on the Judiciary. reading of this document because July 4, 1940, marks a new By Mr. HARRINGTON: date line in the history of America. For the first time since H. R. 10167. A bill to permit the American Legion to use cer­ July 4, 1776, the foundations of our Government are threat­ tain Federal property during its convention at Milford, Iowa, ened and the security and safety of our people stand to be from August 23 to 31, 1940; to the Committee on Public Build­ questioned and menaced. ings and Grounds. 9244 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 4 By Mr. MOTT: Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, very rarely, I believe, H. R. 10168. A bill to provide for the display of the Ameri­ has either branch of the Congress met on the Fourth of July. can flag on every post office in the United States; to the Com­ Today the House of Representatives has met, not to transact mittee on the Post Office and Post Roads. any business but merely to adjourn over until next Monday, By Mr. HAVENNER: in order to comply with the constitutional requirement that- H. J. Res. 580. Joint resolution to authorize the admission Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the into the United States of a limited number of refugee children consent of the other, adjourn for more than 3 days. from Great Britain; to the Committee on Immigration and But this brief session affords the opportunity to consider Naturalization. the significance of that fateful occasion 164 years ago which Independence Day commemorates. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS The Declaration of Independence made that day was signed Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions by men fully aware of the dangers which they incurred, of were introduced and severally referred as follows: the peril that if their cause did not prevail each and all of By Mr. KRAMER: them were doomed to a felon's or a traitor's death. I won­ H. R. 10169. A bill for the relief of Salomon Georg Kauf­ der how often we look over that great Declaration. It is mann, his wife, Doris Kaufmann, nee Stern, and their child worth while, I believe, to consider it very often, to weigh what John Michael Peter Kaufmann; to the Committee on Immi­ it means to us and how much it meant to those who took their gration and Naturalization. lives and their liberties in their hands to declare, preserve, By Mr. MAY: and maintain independence and freedom for America. God H. R. 10170. A bill for the relief of Malcolm Harris and grant that in the grim days ahead of us we may all prove Rosa M. Harris; to the Committee on Claims. worthy of the priceless heritage transmitted to us by the By Mrs. O'DAY: signers of the immortal Declaration. H. R. 10171. A bill for the relief of Meier Langermann, his Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to read at this point wife, Friederike, and son, Joseph; to the Committee on Immi­ the Declaration of Independence. gration and Naturalization. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. There was no objection. PETITIONS, ETC. Mr. LEWIS of Colorado (reading): Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were !N CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776. laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES 011' 8979. By Mr. SCHIFFLER: Petition of 0. H. Meade, post AMERICA When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for commander, Bartlett Clemens Post, No. 37, the American one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected Legion, Fairmont, W. Va., urging Congress to remain in ses­ them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, sion during the present emergency; to the Committee on the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of Ways and Means. mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel 8980. By Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey: Petition of Mrs. them to the separation. We hold these truths to be· self­ Alberta F. Gee, Wyckoff, N. J., containing the signatures of evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by approximately 60 persons in Wyckoff and Midland Park, their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.-That to secure N. J ., petitioning for an embargo on shipments of war ma­ these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their terials to Japan; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. just powers from the consent of the governed,-That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organiz­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate THURSDAY, JULY 4, 1940 that Governments long established should not be changed for light The House met at 12 o'clock noon. and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are offered the following prayer: accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce 0 Thou, our everlasting portion and the Lord of lords, in them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to these hallowed moments it is given us to realize the courage, throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their the devotion, and the noble character of our forefathers. We future security.-Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them pray Thee to give us the might of a growing faith in Thy to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of providence, reminding us that ''except the Lord build the the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated in­ house, they labor in vain who built it." We praise Thee for juries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establish­ ment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, those champions of liberty, truth, and justice. May their let Facts be submitted to a candid world.---He has refused spirits live today in the ideals of our Republic as they bow his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the over us in sacred benediction. From the unseen heights of public good.---He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of Thy throne Thou didst guide their .broken columns as they immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so sus­ struggled to bring order out of chaos, service out of selfish­ pended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.---He has ness, and freemen out of the throes of political tyranny. Oh, refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts may our heroic past interpret to us our patriotic duty to of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Rep­ resentation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and redouble our devotion and our enthusiasm for our homeland. formidable to tyrants only.---He has called together legisla­ 0 Lord God, do Thou stand in the midst of all earthly scenes lative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from and direct the upward movements of this weary world. Oh, the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of lead us all up the hills of time until Christendom conquers fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.---He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with and civilization triumphs. In the name of the world's manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.---He Redeemer we pray. Amen. has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihi­ The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and lation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the approved. State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.--He has en­ FOURTH OF JULY, 1940 deavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that pur­ Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous pose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refus­ consent to address the House for 1 minute. ing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.---He has ob­ The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. structed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to There was no objection: Laws for establishing Judiciary powers---He has made Judges