The Flora of Amrum

Amrum has a well preserved, but threatened flora. The dunes, in particular, are home to many rare species that find their only German localities in the islands of the Wadden Sea. This checklist of the flora of Amrum is intended to help people interested in Amrum's plants and those who help conserve the wildlife of the island.

The following checklist is an amalgamation of surveys I have conducted. It also summarizes other checklists in the literature, particularly those of Christiansen (1967) and Türk (1994). I conducted my surveys during July 2005, July 2006 and August 2007. I attempted to visit as much of the island that is accessible and searched out particularly unusual habitats. I have crudely judged the abundance of each species based on how often I encountered it, and how common it was in the sites were it grew. Thus a plant abundant at only one site would be considered uncommon, as would a species seen at a handful of sites in small numbers. Occasionally, I have not attempted to judge the abundance of the species. Either the species was difficult to find, even when it is present, that it might be more common than it appears, or the species requires microscopic examination to determine and insufficient plants were determined. For some species I state whether the species is native, introduced, planted or casual. Clearly, these are often difficult to assess and rather subjective. It is generally simple to tell if a conifer has been planted in a plantation, but outside plantations it is difficult to know whether individual trees have grown from seeds.

Species with their names in bold type have been recorded recently. Unless stated otherwise they have been recorded by me between 2005 and 2007. Previous authors have, in general, not recorded planted species, so although many of these species have been noted for the first time here, they have existed on the island for many years.

Dr. Quentin Groom Flora of Amrum

LYCOPODIACEAE PINACEAE Lycopodiella inundata Abies alba (Marsh Clubmoss / Sumpf-Bärlapp) (Fir / Tanne) Rare, native. Dune slack near the Wriakhörnsee. A rare and Uncommon, planted. Conifer plantations. Recorded only endangered species across Europe. First recorded 1860. between 2005-2007. Abies grandis Lycopodium clavatum (Fir / Tanne) (Stag's Horn Clubmoss / Kolben-Bärlapp) Uncommon, planted. Conifer plantations. Recorded only First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1987-1992. between 2005-2007. Larix x marschlinsii EQUISETACEAE (Japanese Larch / Japanische Lärche) Uncommon, planted. Conifer plantations. Recorded only Equisetum arvense between 2005-2007. (Field Horsetail / Acker-Schachtelhalm) Uncommon, native. On the banks of ditches. Low lying land Picea glauca between Steenodde and Wittdün. First recorded 1895. (White Spruce / Weissfichte) Rare, planted. Conifer plantations. Recorded only between Equisetum fluviatile 2005-2007. (Water Horsetail / Schlamm-Schachtelhalm) Picea sitchensis Rare, native. Next to a small overgrown pond. First recorded (Sitka Spruce / Sitka-Fichte) 1895. Common, planted. Conifer plantations. Creating dense shade under which little survives. Recorded only between 2005-2007. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Pinus contorta Botrychium lunaria (Lodgepole Pine / Drehkiefer) (Moonwort / Mondraute) Uncommon, sometimes planted. Usually found at the Recorded only 1936 boundary between the dunes and conifer plantations Often self sown on the dunes. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Pinus mugo Ophioglossum vulgatum (Dwarf Mountain-pine / Bergkiefer, Latschenkiefer) (Adder's-tounge / Natternzunge) Uncommon, planted. Usually found at the boundary between Recorded only 1954 the dunes and conifer plantations. Recorded only between 2005-2007. OSMUNDACEAE Pinus nigra (Corsican Pine / Schwarz-Kiefer) Osmunda regalis Abundant, planted. Conifer plantations. Probably the (Royal Fern / Königsfarn) commonest plantation tree on the island. Used to stabilize First recorded 1930, last recorded between 1960-1986 dunes. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Pinus sylvestris (Scots Pine / Wald-Kiefer, Wald Föhre) POLYPODIACEAE Common, planted. Conifer plantations. Commonly planted to Polypodium vulgare stabilize dunes. Recorded only between 2005-2007. (Polypody / Gemeiner Tüpfelfarn) Common, native. Deciduous woodland, conifer plantations and fixed dunes. First recorded 1860. CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus communis (Common Juniper / Wacholder) WOODSIACEAE First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1987-1992. Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern / Waldfrauenfarn) Rare, native. Conifer plantations. A single plant found, TAXACEAE presumably a recent colonist. Recorded only between Taxus baccata 2005-2007. (Yew / Eibe) Rare, probably planted. Woodland. Recorded only between DRYOPTERIDACEAE 2005-2007. Dryopteris carthusiana (Narrow Buckler fern / Dorniger Wurmfarn) NYMPHAEACEAE Uncommon, native. Conifer plantations. Hard to find Nymphaea alba amongst the much more abundant and similar looking (White Water Lily / Weiße Teichrose) Dryopteris dilatata. First recorded 1913. Rare, probably planted. Pond. South of Steenodde. First Dryopteris dilatata recorded between 1987-1992. (Broad Buckler fern / Breiter Wurmfarn) Abundant, native. Deciduous woodland and conifer plantations. First recorded between 1987-1992. RANUNCULACEAE Aquilegia vulgaris Dryopteris filix-mas (Columbine / Wald-Akelei) (Male Fern / Gemeiner Wurmfarn) Uncommon, introduced. Garden weed, wasteplaces and Uncommon, native. Embankments surrounding houses and occationally in woodland. Probably tolerated by gardeners in woods. First recorded 1930. and allowed to self-sow. Recorded only between 2005-2007.

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Pulsatilla vulgaris Glaucium flavum (Pasqueflower / Gewöhnliche Kuhschelle) (Yellow Horned-poppy / Gelber Hornmohn) First recorded 1860, last recorded 1917 Rare, native. Strandline. Found in a small area on the Ranunculus acris western shore at the highest high tide mark where litter (Meadow buttercup / Scharfer Hahnenfuß) collects. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Common, native. Meadows and roadsides. First recorded 1860. Ranunculus aquatilis agg. FUMARIACEAE (Common Water-crowfoot / Gewöhnlicher Wasserhahnenfuß) Fumaria officinalis ssp. officinalis Rare, native. Pond. Just surviving in a small pool in grazing (Fumitory / Gewöhnlicher Erdrauch) land north of Norddorf. First recorded 1895. Uncommon, archaeophyte. Field margins and tracks. First recorded 1913. Ranunculus bulbosus (Bulbous buttercup / Knolliger Hahnenfuß) First recorded 1915, last recorded between 1987-1992. ULMACEAE Ranunculus flammula Ulmus x hollandica (Lesser Spearwort / Brennender Hahnenfuß) (Dutch Elm / Bastard-Ulme) Uncommon, native. Wet dune slacks and banks of ponds. Uncommon, Hedges. No large trees were found and one On the banks of the Wriakhörnsee and also in boggy dune small tree was seen to have died, presumably of Dutch slacks north of Norddorf. First recorded 1860. Elm disease. Determined only from Nebel, but probably Ranunculus hederaceus elsewhere too. Recorded only between 2005-2007. (Ivy-leaved Crowfoot / Efeublättriger Hahnenfuß) Recorded only between 1960-1986 Ulmus glabra (Wych Elm / Berg-Ulme) Ranunculus repens Uncommon, Hedges. Small trees were seen in the boundary (Creeping buttercup / Kriechender Hahnenfuß) hedges and saplings from wild sown seeds was found. Common, native. Meadows, pastures, wasteplaces, lawns Determined only from Nebel, but probably elsewhere too. and roadsides. First recorded 1895. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Ranunculus sardous (Hairy buttercup / Sardischer Hahnenfuss) Ulmus laevis Uncommon, archaeophyte. Pastures and trodden ground. (European White-elm / Flatter-Ulme) Pastures north of Norddorf. First recorded 1876. Rare, planted. Roadside. One tree in Nebel, at a roadside. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Ranunculus sceleratus (Celery leaved Crowfoot / Gift-Hahnenfuß) Uncommon, native. Ditches, dune slacks and wasteplaces. Often quite close to the sea on the edge of saltmarsh. First CANNABINACEAE recorded 1895. Humulus lupulus (Hop / Hopfen) Thalictrum flavum Rare, probably planted. Sandy embankment. On a (Common Meadow-rue / Gelbe Wiesenraute) embankment facing Nordstrand in Wittdün. Also near the First recorded 1935, last recorded between 1960-1986 mini-golf in Norddorf. Probably originally planted. First Thalictrum minus ssp. saxatile recorded 1954. (Lesser Meadow-rue / Kleine Wiesenraute) Recorded only 1987 URTICACEAE Urtica dioica PAPAVERACEAE (Stinging Nettle / Große Brennessel) Chelidonium majus Common, Wasteplaces, woodland margins and roadsides. (Greater Celandine / Großes Schöllkraut) First recorded 1890. Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces and garden weed. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Urtica urens (Small Nettle / Kleine Brennessel) Eschscholzia californica Rare, archaeophyte. Disturbed ground in cattle pastures and (Californian Poppy / Kalifornischeer Goldmohn) Garden weed. First recorded 1890. Rare, casual. Road verge and wasteland. One plant along main road in Süddorf, near garden. Recorded only between 2005-2007. FAGACEAE Papaver argemone Castanea sativa (Prickly Poppy / Sand-Mohn) (Chestnut / Kastanie) First recorded 1954, last recorded between 1987-1992. Rare, sometimes planted. Conifer plantations. North of the Papaver dubium ssp. dubium lighthouse. Recorded only between 2005-2007. (Long Smooth-headed Poppy / Saat-Mohn) Common, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces, a weed in arable Quercus robur crops and roadsides. First recorded 1956. (Pedunculate Oak / Stiel Eiche) Common, sometimes planted. Mature trees found in Papaver rhoeas deciduous woodland and on heaths Also, saplings (Common Poppy / Klatsch-mohn) occasionally found on fixed dunes. First recorded before Common, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces, arable crops and 1961. roadsides. First recorded before 1961. Papaver somniferum Quercus rubra (Opium Poppy / Schlafmohn) (Red Oak / Rot-Eiche) Uncommon, introduced. Wasteplaces. Never more than a Uncommon, sometimes planted. Deciduous woodland and handful of plants at any one site, but present in many places. conifer plantations. Apparently planted, but also self seeded. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Recorded only between 2005-2007.

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Fagus sylvatica Chenopodium album agg. (Beech / Buche) (Fat Hen / Weisser Gänsefuss) Uncommon, planted. Mainly planted near buildings. Common, Wasteplaces. First recorded 1930. Apparently not regenerating. Recorded only between Chenopodium murale 2005-2007. (Nettle-leaved Goosefoot / Mauer Gänsefuss) Chenopodium rubrum (Red Goosefoot / Roter Gänsefuss) BETULACEAE Uncommon, Upper saltmarsh, Strandline and wasteplaces. Alnus glutinosa First recorded 1956. (Alder / Schwarz-Erle) Chenopodium suecicum Common, native. Damp woods and margins of ditches. (Swedish Goosefoot / Grüner Gänsefuss) Particularly between Steenodde and Wittdün. First recorded Uncommon, introduced. Wasteplaces. First recorded 1930. between 1987-1992. Alnus incana Salicornia europaea agg. (Grey Alder / Grau-Erle) (Glasswort / Queller) Rare, planted. Damp woods and margins of ditches. Abundant, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1860. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Salicornia procumbens agg. Betula pendula (Glasswort / Queller) (Silver Birch / Weiss Birke) First recorded between 1987-1992. Common, sometimes planted. Heaths, woodland, fixed Salsola kali ssp. kali dunes and dune slacks. Intermediate plants between B. (Saltwort / Salzkraut) pubescens and B. pendula were seen and it is therefore Uncommon, native. Sandy beaches. First recorded 1860. likely that the hybrid B. x aurata is also present on the island. Synonym Betula verrucosa. First recorded 1954. Suaeda maritima (Annual Sea-blite / Strand-Sode) Betula pubescens Common, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1860. (Brown Birch / Moor Birke) Common, native. Boggy dune slacks. First recorded 1890. Corylus avellana PORTULACACEAE (Hazel / Haselnuss) Rare, planted. Deciduous woodland. Recorded only between Claytonia perfoliata 2005-2007. (Spring Beauty / Claytonie) Rare, introduced. Garden weed. Growing next to the pavement in the centre of Nebel. Also in a garden in Wittdün. CHENOPODIACEAE Recorded only between 2005-2007. Claytonia sibirica Atriplex glabriuscula (Pink Purslane / Sibirischer Winterportulak) (Babington's Orache / Kahle Melde) Rare, introduced. Garden weed. Inside the boundaries of First recorded 1913, last recorded 1954 a wild garden in Heide. Also, in Suddorf. Recorded only Atriplex laciniata between 2005-2007. (Frosted Orache / Gelappte Melde) First recorded 1860, last recorded 1913 Atriplex littoralis CARYOPHYLLACEAE (Grass-leaved Orache / Strand-Melde) Agrostemma githago Common, native. Saltmarsh and wasteplaces close to sea. (Corncockle / Kornrade) Often associated with Elytrigia species. First recorded 1860. First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1960-1986 Atriplex longipes Arenaria serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia (Long-stalked Orache / Langstielige Melde) (Thyme-leaved Sandwort / Quendelblättriges Sandkraut) Native. Recorded only 1954-1960 Uncommon, Sandy Tracks. West of Wittdün. A glandular Atriplex patula form was also found on sand at the high tide mark. First (Common Orache / Spreizende Melde) recorded 1860. Uncommon, Wasteplaces. Determined from a patch of Cerastium arvense wasteground south of Nebel, but certainly elsewhere also. (Field Mouse-ear / Acker-Hornkraut) First recorded 1899. Uncommon, native. Road verges and grassland. First Atriplex pedunculata recorded 1915. (Pedunculate Sea-purslane / Stielfrüchtige Salzmelde) Cerastium diffusum First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1987-1992. (Sea Mouse-ear / Viermänniges Hornkraut) Atriplex portulacoides Synonym Cerastium tetrandrum. First recorded 1886, last (Sea-purslane / Strand-Salzmelde) recorded between 1987-1992. Common, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1825. Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare Atriplex prostrata (Common Mouse-ear / Gewöhnliches Hornkraut) (Spear-leaved Orache / Spieß-Melde) Common, native. Verges, grassland and wasteplaces. Common, native. Saltmarsh and wasteplaces. First recorded Synonym Cerastium caespitosum. Some large flowered 1860. plants growing in saltmarsh on the western shore may be Bassia hirsuta Cerastium fontanum ssp. holosteoides. First recorded 1860. First recorded 1826, last recorded between 1987-1992. Cerastium glomeratum Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (Sticky Mouse-ear / Knäuel-Hornkraut) (Sea Beet / Wild-Rübe) Uncommon, native. Wasteplaces. Recorded only between Rare, native. Strandline. A single plant, not flowering was 2005-2007. found growing at the upper most strandline on the beach. Cerastium pumilum Very rare in Schleswig-Holsteins and probably only casual. (Dwalf Mouse-ear / Dunkles Zerg-Hornkraut) Recorded only between 2005-2007. First recorded 1942, last recorded between 1987-1992.

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Cerastium semidecandrum Silene otites (Little Mouse-ear / Sand-Hornkraut) (Spanish Catchfly / Ohrlöffel-Leimkraut) Common, native. Fixed dunes. First recorded 1860. Rare, native. In grassland on sandy soil. Next to a track Cerastium tomentosum north of Norddorf. First recorded 1821. (Snow-in-summer / Filziges Hornkraut) Silene vulgaris Uncommon, introduced. On embankments and fixed dunes. (Bladder Campion / Aufgeblasenes Leimkraut) Generally close to houses from where it has presumably Uncommon, Wasteplaces and roadsides. Wittdün. Synonym escaped. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Silene inflata. First recorded 1860. Dianthus carthusianorum Rare, Grassland. Several plants seen in field margin to the Spergula arvensis east of Norddorf. Also, seen in a garden in Nebel, but there it (Corn Spurrey / Acker-Spark) is apparently cultivated. First recorded 1825. Common, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces and a weed of Arable crops. First recorded 1860. Dianthus deltoides (Maiden Pink / Heidenelke) Spergularia marina Uncommon, native. Short grazed grass on sandy soil. First (Sea Spurry / Salz Schuppenmiere) recorded 1949. Common, native. Saltmarsh behind foredunes. Synonym Honckenya peploides Spergularia salina. First recorded 1860. (Sea Sandwort / Salzmiere) Spergularia media Abundant, native. Sandy saltmarsh and sandy beaches. First (Perennial Sea Spurry / Flügelsamige Spärkling, Flügelsamige recorded 1860. Schuppenmiere.) Lychnis flos-cuculi Common, native. Saltmarsh. Synonym Spergularia (Ragged Robin / Kuckucks-Lichtnelke) marginata . First recorded 1860. Uncommon, native. Wet pasture and banks of ditches. North Spergularia rubra of Norddorf and near sewage works at Steenodde. First (Red Spurrey / Roter Spärkling) recorded 1860. Common, Heath, pavement cracks, tracks and roadsides. Sagina apetala Always on well trodden ground. First recorded 1860. (Ciliate Pearlwort / Kleinblütiges Mastkraut) Common, Pavement cracks, tracks and roadsides. Recorded Stellaria graminea only between 2005-2007. (Lesser Stitchwort / Gras-Sternmiere) Sagina maritima Common, native. Grassland, roadsides and meadows. First (Sea Pearlwort / Strand-Mastkraut) recorded 1890. Common, native. Dune slacks. First recorded 1860. Stellaria media Sagina nodosa (Chickweed / Vogel-Sternmiere) (Knotted Pearlwort / Knotiges Mastkraut) Common, Wasteplaces, agricultural weed, tracks and Rare, native. Dune slacks. Found only on very small dunes, woodland margins. First recorded 1860. within larger dune slack. These large slacks separate the Stellaria pallida foredunes from main dune system. First recorded 1860. (Lesser Chickweed / Bleiche Vogelmiere) Sagina procumbens Uncommon, native. On bare patches of sandy soil. Found (Common Pearlwort / Niederliegendes Mastkraut) once north-west of Nebel, but easily overlooked and Common, native. Lawns, pavement cracks, wet dune slacks probably elsewhere. First recorded between 1987-1992. and grazed short turf. First recorded 1825. Sagina subulata (Heath Pearlwort / Pfriemen-Mastkraut) POLYGONACEAE First recorded 1925, last recorded between 1987-1992. Fagopyrum tataricum Saponaria officinalis (Tartary Buckwheat / Tataren-Buchweizen) (Soapwort / Seifenkraut) First recorded before 1961, last recorded between Fallopia convolvulus 1987-1992. (Black-bindweed / Winden-knöterich) Scleranthus annuus Common, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces and a weed of Arable (Knawel / Einjähriger Knäuel) crops. First recorded 1890. Common, Wasteplaces and a weed of Arable crops. First Fallopia japonica recorded 1860. (Japanese Knotweed / Japan-Staudenknöterich) Scleranthus perennis Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces. Three small stems growing (Perennial Knawel / Ausdauernder Knäuel) out of a pile of straw on the western side of Allunn. Either Uncommon, native. Short grazed turf. Seen in horse grazed they were dumped with the straw or perhaps the straw was pastures and rabbit grazed field margins. First recorded dumped to destroy the Fallopia. First recorded between 1860. 1987-1992. Scleranthus annuus x perennis Persicaria amphibia First recorded 1913, last recorded 1956 (Amphibious Bistort / Wasser-knöterich) Silene dioica Rare, native. Ponds in dune slacks. Wriakhörnsee, pond (Red Campion / Rotes Leimkraut) near Vogelkoje NW of Nebel, behind dunes. First recorded Rare, Margins of woodlands. Two plants seen in two 1887. different locations. Synonym Melandrium rubrum. First recorded before 1961. Persicaria lapathifolia Silene latifolia (Pale Persicaria / Ampfer-Knöterich) (White Campion / Weiße Nachtnelke) Common, archaeophyte. Agricultural weed, fallow and Common, Wasteplaces, a weed of Arable crops and on wasteplaces. First recorded 1890. roadsides. Synonym Melandrium album. First recorded Persicaria maculosa 1890. (Redshank / Floh-Knöterich) Silene nutans Uncommon, archaeophyte. Fallow. Found several plants (Nottingham Catchfly / Nickendes Leimkraut) on one small area north-west of Nebel. Normally a common First recorded before 1961, last recorded between agricultural weed, but not at all common on Amrum. First 1960-1986 recorded 1913.

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Polygonum aviculare (Knotgrass / Eigentlicher-Vogelknöterich) Abundant, Arable weed, wasteplaces, sometime very close MALVACEAE to sea. First recorded 1860. Alcea rosea Rumex acetosa (Hollyhock / Stockrose) (Sorrel / Ampfer) Uncommon, introduced. Wasteplaces. Rarely more than one Common, native. Meadows, pasture and roadsides. First or two plants at any site, but it was found at several place recorded 1860. across the island. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Rumex acetosella Malva moschata (Sheep's Sorrel / Kleiner Sauerampfer) (Musk Mallow / Moschus-Malve) Common, native. Heath, pasture and fallow. First recorded Uncommon, Roadsides and wasteplaces. Recorded only 1860. between 2005-2007. Rumex crispus ssp. crispus Malva neglecta (Curled Dock / Krauser Ampfer) (Dwarf Mallow / Gänsemalve) Common, native. Wasteplaces, roadsides and grassland. Uncommon, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces, gardens and First recorded 1913. roadsides. Nebel and Norddorf. First recorded 1860. Rumex crispus ssp. littoreus (Curled Dock / Krauser Ampfer) Malva sylvestris Common, native. Beaches and upper saltmarshes. First (Common Mallow / Wilde Malve) recorded 1913. Uncommon, archaeophyte. Fallow, pavement cracks and Rumex hydrolapathum wasteplaces. Never more than a few plants seen at one (Water Dock / Fluß Ampfer) place, but seen in several places. First recorded 1895. Rare, native. Banks of fresh water lake and wet dune slack. Wriakhörnsee. First recorded 1899. Rumex maritimus DROSERACEAE (Golden Dock / Gold Ampfer) Drosera rotundifolia Rare, native. Banks of a pond. Western Vogelkoje. First (Round-leaved Sundew / Rundblättriger Sonnentau) recorded 1933. Uncommon, native. Boggy dune slacks. First recorded 1860. Rumex obtusifolius Drosera intermedia (Broad-leaved Dock / Stumpfblättriger Ampfer) (Oblong-leaves Sundew / Mittlerer Sonnentau) Common, native. Fallow, wasteplaces and tracksides. First Rare, native. Boggy dune slacks. First recorded 1860. recorded 1913. Rumex x pratensis (Rumex crispus x obtusifolius) Uncommon, native. Wasteplaces. Recorded only between VIOLACEAE 2005-2007. Viola arvensis (Field Pansy / Acker-Stiefmütterchen) Rare, archaeophyte. Agricultural land. Found as a weed of a PLUMBAGINACEAE maize crop. First recorded 1860. Armeria maritima ssp elongata Viola canina ssp. canina (Thrift / Gemeine Grasnelke) (Heath Dog-violet / Hunds-Veilchen) native. Recorded only between 1987-1992. Common, native. Dunes. First recorded 1860. Armeria maritima ssp maritima Viola palustris ssp. palustris (Thrift / Gemeine Grasnelke) (Bog Violet / Sumpf-Veilchen) Abundant, native. Saltmarsh, meadows and roadsides. First Rare, native. Boggy dune slacks. First recorded 1890. recorded 1860. Viola riviniana Limonium vulgare (Common Dog-violet / Hain-Veilchen) (Common Sea-lavender / Gewöhnlicher Strandnelke) Rare, introduced. First recorded 1930. Common, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1821. Viola tricolor (Wild Pansy / Wildes Stiefmütterchen) CLUSIACEAE Abundant, native. Agricultural land, fallow and dunes. First Hypericum humifusum recorded 1860. (Trailing St John's-wort / Niederliegendes Johanniskraut) Viola x wittrockiana Recorded only 1858 (Garden Pansies / Stiefmütterchen) Hypericum perforatum Rare, introduced. Pavement cracks. A garden escape. (Perforate St John's-wort / Tüpfel-Johanniskraut) Recorded only between 2005-2007. Uncommon, Roadsides and wasteplaces. First recorded 1860. Hypericum pulchrum CUCURBITACEAE (Slender St John's-wort / Schönes Johanniskraut) Bryonia dioica Recorded only 1887 (White Bryony / Rotebeerige Zaunrübe) Rare, native. Woodland. A single plant in a woodland margin. Probably a recent colonist. Recorded only between TILIACEAE 2005-2007. Tilia cordata (Small-leaved Lime / Winterlinde) Uncommon, planted. Woodland. The Bergwald projekt SALICACEAE (www.bergwaldprojekt.de) has been planting this non-native Populus tremula tree on the island. They seem to think that alien deciduous (Aspen / Aspe) trees are preferable to alien conifers. Recorded only Common, Woodland, regenerating in conifer plantations. between 2005-2007. First recorded 1890.

Page 6 Flora of Amrum

Populus alba Cakile maritima (White Poplar / Weiss Pappel) (Sea Rocket / Meersenf) Common, introduced. Woodland margins and dunes. Often Uncommon, native. Sandy seashores and within fore dunes. found as a shrub and spreading by suckers to form a thicket. First recorded 1860. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Capsella bursa-pastoris Populus x canescens (Shepherd's Purse / Gemeines Hirtentäschelkraut) (Grey Poplar / Grau-Pappel) Common, Pavement cracks, roadsides and wasteplaces. Uncommon, probably planted. Woodland. Recorded only First recorded 1860. between 2005-2007. Cardamine flexuosa Salix alba (Wavy Bitter Cress / Wald-Schaumkraut) (White Willow / Silberweide) Recorded only 1953 Recorded only 1895 Cardamine hirsuta Salix cinerea (Hairy Bitter Cress / Vielstengeliges Schaumkraut) (Grey Willow / Grauweide) Uncommon, Wasteplaces. First recorded 1930. Common, native. Identification confirmed by R.D. Meikle Cardamine pratensis (2007). First recorded 1930. (Lady's Smock / Wiesen-Schaumkraut) Probably Uncommon, native. On the banks of ditches. Only Salix aurita seen once near Wittdün, but it may have been overlooked (Eared Willow / Ohrenweide) elsewhere. First recorded 1899. Uncommon, native. Identification confirmed by R.D. Meikle (2007). First recorded 1913. Cochlearia danica (Danish Scurvygrass / Dänisches Löffelkraut) Salix daphnoides Uncommon, native. Seawall. First recorded 1860. (European Violet-willow / Reifweide) Cochlearia officinalis agg. Rare, planted. Planted near the docks in Wittdün. First (Scurvygrass / Echtes Löffelkraut) recorded between 1960-1986. Probably Common, native. Saltmarsh and seawall. First Salix hastata recorded 1895. Recorded only between 1960-1986 Coronopus squamatus Salix pentandra (Swinecress / Göwohnlicher Krähenfuß) (Bay Willow / Lorbeerweide) Recorded only 1825 Rare, planted. Roadside. Three trees by a roadside south of Descurainia sophia Norddorf. First recorded between 1987-1992. (Flixweed / Sophienkraut) Salix repens Common, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces and fallow. First (Creeping Willow / Kriechweide) recorded 1890. Abundant, native. Dunes, heaths and sometimes on rough Diplotaxis muralis meadows and roadsides. Identification confirmed by R.D. (Annual Wall Rocket / Mauer-Doppelsame) Meikle (2007). First recorded 1895. Uncommon, introduced. Wasteplaces. First recorded 1930. Salix viminalis Erophila verna (Osier / Korb-Weide) (Whitlow Grass / Hungerblümchen) Rare, planted. Margins of woodlands. Near sewage works Uncommon, native. Wasteplaces. Near sewage works near at Steenodde and in Norddorf. First recorded between Nebel and in Wittdüne, only seen twice, but it may have 1987-1992. been overlooked elsewhere. First recorded 1860. Salix cinerea x S. repens (S. x sebsericea) Erysimum cheiranthoides Rare, native. Dune slacks. Identification confirmed by R.D. (Treacle-mustard / Acker-Schotendotter) Meikle (2007). Recorded only between 2005-2007. introduced. First recorded 1947, last recorded between Salix aurita x S. cinerea (Salix x multinervis) 1987-1992. Common, native. Dune slacks. Recorded only between Hesperis matronalis 2005-2007. (Dame's Violet / Echte Nachtviole) Salix viminalis x S. repens (Salix x friesiana) Rare, introduced. Rough grassland. Found near a garden Rare, native. Dune slacks. Identification confirmed by R.D. from which it is likely to have escaped. Recorded only Meikle (2007). Recorded only between 2005-2007. between 2005-2007. Lepidium campestre (Field Pepperwort / Feld-Kresse) BRASSICACEAE Common, archaeophyte. Roadsides and wasteplaces. First recorded 1954. Alliaria petiolata (Garlic Mustard / Knoblauchsrauke) Lepidium draba ssp. draba Common, Wasteplaces. Usually within the towns. Recorded (Hoary Cress / Pfeilkresse) only between 2005-2007. Introduced. First recorded 1954, last recorded between 1960-1986 Arabidopsis thaliana Lepidium ruderale (Thale Cress / Acker-Schmalwand) (Narrow-leaved Pepperwort / Schutt-Krasse) Common, Pavement cracks, roadsides and wasteplaces. On Rare, casual. Bare, compacted soil used to park cars. Seen seawall in Norddorf. First recorded 1890. at one site in western Wittdün. First recorded 1860. Arabis arenosa Lobularia maritima (Sand Rock-cress / Sand-Schaumkresse) (Sea Alyssum / Strandkresse) Introduced. First recorded 1887, last recorded 1915 Rare, introduced. Pavement cracks, roadsides and Brassica rapa wasteplaces. Usually within towns, often just single plants. (Turnip / Rübsen) First recorded 1936. Recorded only 1860 Lunaria annua Brassica nigra (Honesty / Einjähriges Silberblatt) (Black Mustard / Senf-Kohl) Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces. Self sown near a garden in Introduced. First recorded 1860, last recorded 1958 Wittdün. Recorded only between 2005-2007.

Page 7 Flora of Amrum

Raphanus raphanistrum Vaccinium oxycoccos (Wild Radish / Hederich) (Cranberry / Moosbeere) Uncommon, Roadsides and wasteplaces. First recorded Uncommon, native. Boggy dune slacks. Found in two slacks 1860. to the north of Norddorf and in the area of the Wriakhörnsee. Raphanus sativus Never abundant. First recorded 1860. (Garden Radish / Radieschen) Vaccinium uliginosum Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces. Recorded only between (Bog Whortleberry / Echte Moorbeere) 2005-2007. Common, native. Heaths and dune slacks. First recorded Rorippa amphibia 1860. (Great Yellow-cress / Wasser-Sumpfkresse) Vaccinium vitis-idaea Recorded only between 1960-1986 (Cowberry / Preiselbeere) Rorippa palustris Probably a mistake and has never existed on Amrum (Marsh Yellow-cress / Gewöhnliche Sumpfkresse) (Buchenau 1887). First recorded 1876, last recorded 1887 First recorded 1930, last recorded between 1960-1986 Rorippa sylvestris (Creeping Yellow-cress / Wilde Sumpfkresse) PYROLACEAE Rare, introduced. Earthen seawall. Only one patch in Pyrola minor Steenodde. First recorded 1930. (Common Wintergreen / Kleines Wintergrün) Sinapis arvensis Common, native. Dune slacks and under Betula pendula in (Charlock / Acker-Senf) plantations. First recorded 1890. Common, Wasteplaces, agricultural weed and tracks. First recorded 1860. Sisymbrium altissimum PRIMULACEAE (Tall Rocket / Hohe Rauke) Anagallis arvensis Common, introduced. Wasteplaces and fallow. First (Scarlet Pimpernel / Acker-Gauchheil) recorded 1954. Uncommon, archaeophyte. Fallow fields, disturbed ground in Sisymbrium officinale heaths and arable weed. First recorded 1825. (Hedge Mustard / Weg-Rauke) Anagallis minima Abundant, introduced. Wasteplaces, agricultural weed, (Chaffweed / Acker-Klienling) tracks and woodland margins. First recorded 1860. Rare, native. Dune slacks. Synonym Centunculus minimus. Subularia aquatica First recorded 1887. (Awlwort / Pfriemenkresse) Glaux maritima Recorded only 1890 (Sea Milkwort / Milchkraut) Teesdalia nudicaulis Abundant, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1860. (Shepherd's cress / Bauernsenf) Hottonia palustris Common, native. Fixed dunes and disturbed ground on (Water-violet / Wasserfeder) heaths. First recorded 1895. Recorded only 1930 Thlaspi arvense Lysimachia punctata (Field Penny Cress / Acker-Pfennigkraut) (Dotted Loosestrife / Punktierter Gilbweiderich) Common, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces and fallow. First Uncommon, introduced. Wasteplaces and roadsides. recorded 1930. Usually near houses. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Trientalis europaea RESEDACEAE (Chickweed-wintergreen / Europäischer Siebenstern) Rare, native. Heaths and dune slacks. First recorded 1958. Reseda lutea (Wild Mignonette / Gelbe Resede) Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces. Disturbed ground near sewage works at Nebel. Also occasional plants in Norddorf GROSSULARIACEAE and Wittdün. First recorded 1913. Ribes nigrum Reseda luteola (Black Currant / Schwarze Johannisbeere) (Dyer's Rocket / Färber-Wau) Rare, introduced. Margins of woodlands. Wittdün and Rare, casual. Wasteplaces. Disturbed ground near sewage Norddorf. First recorded 1930. works at Nebel. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Ribes rubrum (Red Currant / Rote Johannisbeere) Rare, introduced. Margins of woodlands. On the Waldweg. ERICACEAE Recorded only between 2005-2007. Calluna vulgaris Ribes sanguineum (Ling / Besenheide) (Flowering Current / Blut-Johannisbeere) Abundant, native. Heaths and dune slacks. First recorded Rare, introduced. Margins of woodlands. A garden escape. 1860. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Empetrum nigrum Ribes uva-crispa (Crowberry / Schwarze Krähenbeere) (Gooseberry / Stachelbeere) Abundant, native. Heaths and dune slacks. Often the Rare, introduced. A garden escape. Recorded only between dominant species on heaths. First recorded 1860. 2005-2007. Erica tetralix (Cross-leaved Heath / Glocken Heide) Common, native. Damp areas in heaths and dune slacks. CRASSULACEAE First recorded 1860. Sedum acre Vaccinium macrocarpon (Wall Pepper / Scharfe Fetthenne) (American Cranberry / Großfrüchtige Moosbeere) Common, Wasteplaces, roadsides, dunes, bare sandy soil introduced. Recorded only between 1987-1992. and embankments. First recorded 1860.

Page 8 Flora of Amrum

Sedum album Potentilla erecta (White Stonecrop / Weißer Mauerpfeffer) (Common Tormentil / Aufrechtes Fingerkraut) Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces near gardens. Often seen on Uncommon, native. Short turf on damp areas of heaths and embankments surrounding houses, but only rarely outside dune slacks. First recorded 1890. gardens. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Potentilla norvegica Sedum telephium (Ternate-leaved Cinquefoil / Norwegisches Fingerkraut) (Orpine / Purpur-Fetthenne) First recorded 1941, last recorded 1954 First recorded 1947, last recorded between 1960-1986 Potentilla palustris (Marsh Cinquefoil / Sumpf-Blutauge) Uncommon, native. Dune slacks, marsh and ponds. First SAXIFRAGACEAE recorded 1887. Saxifraga granulata Potentilla recta (Meadow Saxifrage / Körnchen-Steinbrech) (Upright Cinquefoil / Hohes Fingerkraut) First recorded 1889, last recorded between 1987-1992. Rare, introduced. Field margin. Near windmill in Nebel, Also, one plant in Norddorf. First recorded 1925. ROSACEAE Potentilla reptans (Creeping Cinquefoil / Kriechendes Fingerkraut) Alchemilla mollis Rare, introduced. Garden weed. One plant in a lawn in (Lady's-mantle / Weicher Frauenmantel) Norddorf. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Uncommon, introduced. Embankment and woodland margins. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Prunus avium (Wild Cherry / Kirschbaum) Aphanes arvensis Rare, planted. Woodland. Two trees found in two different (Parsley-piert / Gewöhnlicher Ackerfrauenmantel) places not far from Nebel. Recorded only between Recorded only 1860 2005-2007. Aphanes australis Prunus domestica (Slender Parsley-piert / Kleinfrüchtiger Frauenmantel) (Wild Plum / Zwetschgenbaum) Uncommon, archaeophyte. Fallow fields, disturbed ground in Rare, probably planted. Margins of woodlands. One tree heaths and arable weed. First recorded 1954. found next to a track in western Nebel. Recorded only Cotoneaster sp. between 2005-2007. (Cotoneaster / Zwergmispel) Prunus serotina Uncommon, introduced. Woodland. Many small bushes and (Rum Cherry / Späte Trauben-Kirsche) seedlings can be found in the woods on Amrum, presumably Abundant, introduced. Deciduous woodland, conifer spread by birds from gardens. They are likely to become plantations, heath and fixed dunes. Probably, the more common the future. With neither fruit nor berries commonest tree on the island. This highly invasive these are unidentifiable to species. Recorded only between introduction now dominates the ground underneath pine 2005-2007. plantations. First recorded between 1987-1992. Crataegus monogyna Prunus spinosa (Hawthorn / Eingriffliger Weißdorn) (Sloe / Schlehe) Common, planted. Woodland, hedges and margins of Rare, Heath. First recorded between 1987-1992. plantations. First recorded 1947. Pyrus pyraster Crataegus laevigata (Wild Pear / Holz-birne) (Midland Hawthorn / Zweigriffliger Weißdorn) Rare, introduced. Trackside. One mature tree north-west of First recorded 1958, last recorded between 1987-1992. Wittdün. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Fragaria vesca Rosa caesia ssp. caesia (Wild Strawberry / Wald-Erdbeere) (Hairy Dog Rose / Lederblättrige Rose) Rare, native. Margins of woodlands. A few scattered plants Synonym Rosa coriifolia. First recorded 1954, last recorded at the margin of a track near Großdüne. First recorded 1956. between 1987-1992. Fragaria x ananassa Rosa caesia ssp. glauca (Garden Strawberry / Erdbeere) (Glaucous Dog-rose / Blaugrüne Rose) Uncommon, introduced. Wasteplaces. Seen in three sites Synonym Rosa vosagiaca. First recorded 1913, last about the island. Once almost on the seashore. Recorded recorded 1958 only between 2005-2007. Rosa canina Geum urbanum (Dog Rose / Hunds-Rose) (Wood Avens / Echte Nelkenwurz) Common, native. Margins of woodland, field margins and Rare, Roadsides. Recorded only between 2005-2007. roadsides. First recorded 1890. Malus sylvestris Rosa cultivar (Crab Apple / Wild-Apfel) (Rose / Rose) First recorded 1954. Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces. With other garden Potentilla anglica plants that have apparently been abandoned on some (Trailing Tormentil / Englisches Fingerkraut) wasteground. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Recorded only before 1961 Rosa obtusifolia Potentilla anserina Rare, Fixed Dunes. Near the northern end of the Norddorf (Silverweed / Gänse Fingerkraut) seawall. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Common, native. Short turf, upper saltmarsh and Rosa pimpinellifolia wasteplaces. First recorded 1860. (Burnet Rose / Bibernellrose) Potentilla argentea Rare, Roadside. One patch found by the side of the road (Hoary Cinquefoil / Silber-Fingerkraut) in Süddorf. This species is apparently a protected species Uncommon, Wasteplaces and compacted soil on paths and in this region though I never found in a natural setting. First tracks. First recorded 1890. recorded 1911.

Page 9 Flora of Amrum

Rosa rubiginosa Lotus glaber (Sweet Briar / Weinrose) (Narrow-leaved Bird's-foot Trefoil / Schmalblatt-Hornklee) Rare, native. Margins of a plantation. Several plants seen Rare, Meadows. First recorded 1860. north-west of Nebel, by the Waldweg. Synonym Rosa Lotus pedunculatus eglanteria. First recorded 1895. (Marsh Bird's-foot Trefoil / Sumpf-Hornklee) Rosa rugosa Common, native. Marsh, wet dune slacks, reed beds and (Japanese Rose / Kartoffelrose) ditches. First recorded 1895. Abundant, introduced. Dunes, woodland margins, roadsides Lupinus angustifolius and wasteplaces. First recorded between 1987-1992. (Narrow-leaved Lupin / Schmalblättrige Lupine,) Rubus caesius Rare, casual. Fallow. At least 20 plants on one small patch (Dewberry / Bockbeere) of fallow land, north-west of Nebel. Recorded only between Common, native. Road and tracksides. First recorded 1860. 2005-2007. Rubus idaeus Lupinus x regalis (Raspberry / Himbeere) (Lupin / Vielblättrige Lupine) Uncommon, Margins of woodlands. First recorded 1958. Rare, Meadow. One plant in Süddorf, behind School. Rubus subgen. Rubus Recorded only between 2005-2007. (Bramble / Brombeere) Medicago lupulina Common, Margins of woodland, field margins and roadsides. (Black Medick / Hopfen-Schneckenklee) For a description of the Rubus flora of Amrum I defer to Common, Wasteplaces, grassland and roadsides. First Kollmann (1998). He found the following species on the recorded 1895. island in order of frequency; Rubus laciniatus, Rubus armeniacus, Rubus langei, Rubus plicatus, Rubus rudis, Medicago sativa Rubus wahlbergii and Rubus slesvicensis. Recorded only (Lucerne / Luzerne) between 2005-2007. introduced. First recorded between 1987-1992. Sanguisorba minor ssp. muricata Melilotus officinalis (Salad Burnet / Kleiner Wiesenknopf) (Ribbed Melilot / Gebräuchlicher Honigklee) Uncommon, introduced. Roadside. Two plants found next to Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces. First recorded 1929. the main road in Süddorf. Also, in lawns near the Church in Ononis repens Wittdün. Recorded only between 2005-2007. (Restharrow / Kreichende Hauhechel) Sorbus aucuparia Rare, Roadside. One plant on a roadside north of Norddorf. (Rowan / Gemeine Eberesche) Recorded only between 2005-2007. Abundant, Woodland. First recorded 1913. Ononis spinosa Sorbus intermedia (Spiny Restharrow / Dornige Hauhechel) (Swedish Whitebeam / Schwedische Eberesche) Rare, native. upper seashore, cliff. About 12 plants just Common, Woodland. Recorded only between 2005-2007. south of Nebel. First recorded 1860. Ornithopus perpusillus (Least Bird's-foot / Kleiner Vogelfuß, ) FABACEAE Common, Heaths, meadows, roadsides and grassland. First Anthyllis vulneraria recorded 1890. (Kidney Vetch / Gemeiner Wundklee) Robinia pseudoacacia Uncommon, native. Grassland, roadsides and meadows. (False-acacia / Scheinakazie) Never abundant, but several sites exist. First recorded 1860. Uncommon, sometimes planted. Woodland. Self sown in a Cytisus scoparius number of places, but not abundant. Recorded only between (Broom / Besenginster) 2005-2007. Common, native. Rough ground and field margins. First recorded 1825. Trifolium arvense (Hare's-foot Clover / Hasen-Klee) Genista anglica Abundant, Dunes, meadows, roadsides and tracks. First (Petty Whin / Englischer Ginster) recorded 1860. Uncommon, native. Heaths within dune system. First recorded 1860. Trifolium campestre (Hop Trefoil / Feldklee) Genista pilosa Uncommon, Wasteplaces and tracksides. First recorded (Hairy Greenweed / Behaarter Ginster) 1860. First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1987-1992. Trifolium dubium Genista tinctoria (Lesser Trefoil / Faden-Klee) (Dyer's Greenweed / Färberginster) Common, archaeophyte. Short turf and lawns. First recorded Rare, native. Meadow. First recorded 1825. 1860. Lathyrus japonicus Trifolium fragiferum (Sea Pea / Strand-Platterbse) (Strawberry Clover / Erdbeer-Klee) Uncommon, native. Beaches and other sandy places by First recorded 1930, last recorded 1954 the sea. Most abundant on Steenoder beach, but also in Wittdün. First recorded 1860. Trifolium hybridum Lathyrus pratensis (Alsike Clover / Schweden-Klee) (Yellow Meadow Vetchling / Wiesen Platterbse) Rare, introduced. Field margin. Only seen once near Allunn. Common, native. Grassland, roadsides and meadows. First Perhaps overlooked elsewhere. First recorded 1895. recorded 1914. Trifolium incarnatum ssp. incarnatum Lotus corniculatus (Crimson Clover / Inkarnat-Klee) (Bird's-foot Trefoil / Wiesen Schotenklee) Rare, casual. Roadside. Several plants found on roadside in Common, native. Heaths, dune slacks, short turf and Süddorf, possibly introduced with lawn seed. Recorded only meadows. First recorded 1860. between 2005-2007.

Page 10 Flora of Amrum

Trifolium pratense Epilobium parviflorum (Red Clover / Rot-Klee) (Hoary Willowherb / Bach-Weidenröschen) Common, Pastures, meadows and roadsides. First recorded Common, Woodland tracksides and beside ditches. First 1860. recorded 1913. Trifolium repens Epilobium tetragonum (White Clover / Weiß-Klee) (Square-stalked Willowherb / Vierkantiges Weidenröschen) Abundant, native. Short turf, lawns and meadows. First Common, First recorded 1930. recorded 1860. Epilobium x limosum (Epilobium parviflorum x montanum) Trifolium striatum Rare, Shady ditch. One plant found in the presence of both (Knotted Clover / Streifen-Klee) parents. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Rare, introduced. Rough grass at side of main road in Nebel. First recorded 1938. Chamerion angustifolium Ulex europaeus (Rosebay Willowherb / Schmalblättrides Weidenröschen) (Gorse / Stechginster) Common, native. Heaths, heavily grazed pasture, road and Rare, introduced. Eight bushes on wasteground near tracksides. First recorded 1930. Klowenhugh and one bush at a roadside near Suddorf. First Circaea lutetiana recorded 1887. (Enchanter's Nightshade / Großes Hexenkraut) Vicia cracca Rare, Woodland. One small patch, perhaps 5m across in a (Tufted Vetch / Vogel-Wicke) plantation north-west of Nebel. Probably, a recent colonist. Common, native. Wasteplaces, meadows and roadsides. Recorded only between 2005-2007. First recorded 1890. Oenothera biennis Vicia hirsuta (Common Evening Primrose / Gewöhnliche Nachtkerze) (Hairy Tare / Behaarte Wicke) Rare, introduced. The Oenothera on Amrum are often Uncommon, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces, meadows and difficult to identify with certainty. Where mixed populations roadsides. First recorded 1860. exist there is clear evidence of hybridization, but where Vicia lathyroides individuals grow in the absence of other plants, it is difficult (Spring Vetch / Platterbsen-Wicke) to ascertain the parentage with certainty.. First recorded First recorded 1913, last recorded between 1987-1992. 1887. Vicia sativa ssp. segetalis Oenothera glazioviana (Common Vetch / Schmalblättrige Futter-Wicke) (Large-flowered Evening Primrose / Rotgestreifte Nachtkerze) Common, archaeophyte. Roadsides, wasteplaces, field Uncommon, introduced. Wasteplaces and other sites with margins. Other subspecies may also be present. First disturbed soil. First recorded 1887. recorded 1860. Oenothera oakesiana (Oakes' Evening Primrose / Sand Nachtkerze) ELAEAGNACEAE Uncommon, introduced. Referred to as O. ammophila in Hippophae rhamnoides FdNFI, but I believe they refer to this species. First recorded (Sea-buckthorn / Sanddorn) 1930. Rare, planted. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Oenothera x fallax Uncommon, introduced. Wasteplaces. Only sometimes in the presence of O. glazioviana. First recorded 1930. LYTHRACEAE Lythrum salicaria (Purple Loosestrife / Blut-Weiderich) HALORAGACEAE Rare, native. Banks of fresh water lake. Wriakhörnsee. First Myriophyllum alterniflorum recorded 1860. (Alternate Water-milfoil / Wechselblütiges Tausendblatt) Lythrum portula Recorded only 1860 (Water Purslane / Sumpfquendel) Rare, native. Wet dune slacks. near Wriakhörnsee. First Myriophyllum spicatum recorded 1860. (Myriophyllum spicatum / Ähren-Tausendblatt) Recorded only between 1987-1992. ONAGRACEAE Epilobium ciliatum EUPHORBIACEAE (American Willowherb / Drüsiges Weidenröschen) Euphorbia helioscopia Common, introduced. Recorded only between 2005-2007. (Sun spurge / Sonnwendige wolfsmilch) Epilobium hirsutum Uncommon, archaeophyte. Garden weed and wasteplaces. (Great Willowherb / Zottiges Weidenröschen) First recorded 1890. Common, Marsh, banks of ditches and damp dune slacks. Euphorbia peplus First recorded before 1961. (Petty Spurge / Garten-Wolfsmilch) Epilobium montanum Uncommon, archaeophyte. Garden weed and wasteplaces. (Broad-leaved Willowherb / Berg-Weidenröschen) First recorded 1890. Common, Shady ditches, a garden weeds and woodland. First recorded between 1960-1986. Epilobium obscurum RHAMNACEAE (Short-fruited Willowherb / Dunkelgrünes Weidenröschen) Frangula alnus First recorded 1954. (Alder Buckthorn / Faulbaum) Epilobium palustre Rare, probably planted. Margins of a pine plantation. Two (Marsh Willowherb / Sumpf-Weidenröschen) trees near Satteldüne, in the neighborhood of other species Uncommon, native. Banks of fresh water lake. that may have been planted. There are also some saplings Wriakhörnsee. First recorded 1956. in woodland near by. Recorded only between 2005-2007.

Page 11 Flora of Amrum

Geranium molle (Dove's foot Crane's-bill / Weicher Storchenschnabel) VITACEAE Common, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces, grassland and Parthenocissus quinquefolia pavement cracks. First recorded 1860. Rare, probably planted. Fixed dunes. One small plant near Geranium pusillum Satteldüne, with Frangula alnus. Also in Dunes north of (Small-flowered Crane's-bill / Zwerg-Storchenschnabel) Norddorf. Recorded only between 2005-2007. First recorded 1860. Geranium robertianum (Herb Robert / Stinkender Storchenschnabel) LINACEAE Uncommon, Woodland margins and under hedges. First Radiola linoides recorded 1895. (Allseed / Zwerg-Lein) Rare, native. Damp dune slacks with some disturbance. Found in vehicle ruts in a wet area near Wriakhörnsee. Also TROPAEOLACEAE in sandy duneslacks behind foredunes. First recorded 1860. Tropaeolum majus (Nasturtium / Kapuzinerkresse) Rare, casual. Dumped soil. A total of three plants found at POLYGALACEAE two different sites. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Polygala serpyllifolia (Heath Milkwort / Quendel-Kreuzblume) Perhaps recorded in error for Polygala vulgaris. Recorded BALSAMINACEAE only 1954-1960 Impatiens parviflora Polygala vulgaris ssp. vulgaris (Small Yellow Balsam / Kleines Springkraut) (Common Milkwort / Gewöhnliche Kreuzblume) Rare, introduced. Margins of woodlands. Near Steenodde, in Uncommon, native. Heavily grazed short turf. First recorded one small area only. Recorded only between 2005-2007. 1890. ARALIACEAE HIPPOCASTANACEAE Hedera helix Aesculus hippocastanum (Ivy / Efeu) (Horse Chestnut / Rosskastanie) Uncommon, Embankments, woodland margins and hedges. Uncommon, planted. Woodland. Recorded only between First recorded 1954. 2005-2007. APIACEAE ACERACEAE Aegopodium podagraria Acer campestre (Ground Elder / Zaun-Giersch) (Common Maple / Feld-Ahorn) Common, Garden weed, roadsides and under hedges. First Uncommon, planted. Hedges. Recorded only between recorded 1954. 2005-2007. Aethusa cynapium Acer platanoides (Fool's Parsley / Hundspetersilie) (Norway Maple / Spitz-Ahorn) First recorded 1954. Uncommon, Margins of woodlands. Recorded only between Anthriscus caucalis 2005-2007. (Bur Chervil / Hunds-Kerbel) Acer pseudoplatanus First recorded 1899, last recorded between 1987-1992. (Sycamore / Berg Ahorn) Anthriscus sylvestris Common, Woodland and as an understory in pine (Cow Parsley / Wiesen-Kerbel) plantations. First recorded 1954. Uncommon, native. Roadsides, field margins and woodland margins. First recorded 1890. Apium graveolens OXALIDACEAE (Wild Celery / Echter Sellerie) Oxalis stricta Apium inundatum (Upright Yellow Sorrel / Aufrechter Sauerklee) (Floating Marshwort / Flutender Sellerie) Rare, introduced. Garden weed. Seen in two gardens in Rare, native. Pond in cattle pasture. North of Norddune. First Norddorf. Recorded only between 2005-2007. recorded 1958. Oxalis corniculata Bupleurum tenuissimum (Yellow Sorrel / Hornfrüchtiger Sauerklee) (Slender Hare's-ear / Salz-Hasenohr) Rare, introduced. Pavement cracks. In Wittdün and Nebel. First recorded 1887, last recorded 1958 Recorded only between 2005-2007. Carum carvi (Caraway / Kümmel) introduced. First recorded 1930, last recorded between GERANIACEAE 1987-1992. Erodium cicutarium Caucalis platycarpos (Storksbill / Reiherschnabel) (Small Bur-parsley / Acker-Haltdolde) Common, archaeophyte. Dunes, roadsides, wasteplaces Synonym Caucalis daucoides. First recorded 1915, last and pavement cracks. First recorded 1860. recorded 1958 Geranium dissectum Chaerophyllum temulum (Cut-leaved Crane's-bill / Schlitzblättriger Storchschnabel) (Rough Chervil / Taumel-Kälberkropf) Rare, Cracks in concrete. Seawall, north-east of Norddorf. Common, Garden weed, roadsides and under hedges. First Recorded only between 2005-2007. recorded 1914.

Page 12 Flora of Amrum

Cicuta virosa Hyoscyamus niger (Cowbane / Wasserschierling) (Henbane / Schwarzer Bilsenfraut) Recorded only between 1960-1986 First recorded 1913, last recorded 1926 Lycium barbarum agg. Conium maculatum (Duke of Argyll's Teaplant / Gewöhlicher Bocksdorn) (Hemlock / Gefleckter Schierling) Uncommon, introduced. Hedges. Always near gardens.. Uncommon, archaeophyte. Disturbed ground. Seen in First recorded 1895. several places, but the largest amount was around Nebel sewage works. First recorded 1860. Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomato / Tomate) Coriandrum sativum Rare, casual. First recorded 1895. (Coriander / Koriander) Solanum dulcamara casual. First recorded 1860, last recorded between (Woody Nightshade / Bittersüßer Nachtschatten) 1987-1992. Common, native. Dune slacks, woodland margins, Daucus carota wasteplaces and field margins. First recorded 1952. (Wild Carrot / Mohrübe) Solanum nigrum Common, Roadsides, tracks and field margins. First (Black Nightshade / Schwarzer Nachtschatten) recorded 1930. Uncommon, Wasteplaces and cultivated land. First recorded Eryngium maritimum 1890. (Sea-holly / Stranddistel) First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1960-1986 CONVOLVULACEAE Heracleum mantegazzianum Convolvulus arvensis (Giant Hogweed / Riesen-Bärenklau) (Lesser Bindweed / Ackerwinde) Rare, introduced. Garden weed. Seen growing on the Common, Roadsides, field margins and sandy grassland earthen wall of one garden in Nebel. Potentially a invasive areas near the sea. First recorded 1890. alien. First recorded 1860. Calystegia sepium agg. Hydrocotyle vulgaris (Hedge Bindweed / Ufer-Zaunwinde) (Marsh Pennywort / Wassernabel) Rare, Garden weed and roadside. Found in Wittdün, Uncommon, native. Damp dune slacks and marsh. First Norddorf and Nebel, but never very much. First recorded recorded 1887. 1890. Pastinaca sativa Calystegia soldanella (Wild Parsnip / Pastinak) (Sea Bindweed / Strandwinde) Rare, Wasteground. Only one plant, presumably a garden Recorded only 1904 escape. First recorded 1887. Pimpinella saxifraga (Burnet Saxifrage / Kleine Bibernelle) CUSCUTACEAE Uncommon, Meadows, road and tracksides. First recorded Cuscuta epithymum 1860. (Dodder / Quendel-Seide) Rare, native. Fixed dunes, parasitic on Calluna vulgaris Over twenty plants were found over a small area This species is AQUIFOLIACEAE surprisingly rare considering that the host is so common on Ilex aquifolium the island. First recorded 1860. (Holly / Stechpalme) Uncommon, Plantations. Only small immature plants seen.. Recorded only between 2005-2007. MENYANTHACEAE Menyanthes trifoliata (Bogbean / Fieberklee) GENTIANACEAE First recorded 1930, last recorded between 1960-1986 Centaurium erythraea (Common Centaury / Echtes Tausendgüldenkraut) Records for this species might refers to Centaurium littorale. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Recorded only between 1960-1986 Phacelia tanacetifolia (Phacelia / Büschelschön) Centaurium littorale Uncommon, casual. Field margins, fallow and wasteplaces. (Sea Centaury / Strand Tausendgüldenkraut) Presumably introduced as a fallow crop, but it is unclear if it Rare, native. Banks of fresh water lake. Wriakhörnsee. First is naturalised or casual. Recorded only between 2005-2007. recorded 1895. Centaurium pulchellum (Lesser Centaury / Zierliches Tausendgüldenkraut) BORAGINACEAE Uncommon, native. Sand hummocks in saltmarsh between Anchusa arvensis foredunes and main dune system. First recorded 1876. (Bugloss / Acker-Krummhals) Gentiana pneumonanthe Common, archaeophyte. Agricultural weed, fallow and (Marsh Gentian / Lungen-Enzian) wasteplaces. First recorded 1895. Seen by Petersen, J. (2000) First recorded 1887, last Echium vulgare recorded 2000. (Viper's Bugloss / Blauer Natternkopf) Uncommon, archaeophyte. Sandy grassland and fixed dunes. Seen on several places in the south of the island. SOLANACEAE First recorded 1895. Datura stramonium Lappula squarrosa (Thorn-apples / Weißer Stechapel) (Bur Forget-me-not / Kletten-Igelsame) Rare, First recorded 1913. First recorded 1913, last recorded 1954

Page 13 Flora of Amrum

Myosotis arvensis Lycopus europaeus (Field Forget-me-not / Vergißmeinnicht) (Gypsywort / Ufer-Wolfstrapp) Uncommon, archaeophyte. Garden weed. Gardens in Nebel Uncommon, Margins of lake and wet dune slack. and Wittdün. First recorded 1914. Wriakhörnsee. First recorded 1925. Myosotis discolor Mentha aquatica (Changing Forget-me-not / Buntes Vergissmeinnicht) (Water Mint / Minze) First recorded 1954, last recorded between 1960-1986 Uncommon, native. Margins of lake. First recorded 1895. Myosotis laxa Mentha arvensis (Tufted Forget-me-not / Rasen-Vergissmeinnicht) (Corn Mint / Acker-Minze) Uncommon, native. Ditches and pond margins. Ponds north Rare, First recorded 1925. of Norddune and around the Wriakhörnsee. First recorded Mentha x verticillata (M. arvensis x aquatica) 1954. (Whorled Mint / Wirtel-Minze) Myosotis ramosissima Recorded only 1956 (Early Forget-me-not / Rauhes Vergissmeinnicht) Rare, Eroded, bare ground along a heathland track. Perhaps Origanum vulgare overlooked elsewhere. First recorded between 1960-1986. (Wild Marjoram / Dost) Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces and roadsides. Garden Myosotis scorpioides escapes. Recorded only between 2005-2007. (Water Forget-me-not / Sumpf-Vergissmeinnicht) Synonym Myosotis palustris. Seen by Petersen, J. (2000) Prunella vulgaris First recorded 1913, last recorded 2000. (Self-heal / Kleine Braunelle) Myosotis stricta Common, native. Meadows, pasture and roadsides. First (Strict Forget-me-not / Sand-Vergissmeinnicht) recorded 1895. Rare, native. Dune slacks. First recorded 1954. Clinopodium acinos Symphytum x uplandicum (Basil Thyme / Steinquendel) (Russian Comfrey / Gemeiner Beinwell) First recorded 1956, last recorded between 1987-1992. In the Flora der Nordfriesischen inseln (Christiansen, Scutellaria galericulata 1961) S. asperum is recorded for Amrum. Türk (1994) (Skull-cap / Sumpf-Helmkraut) does not refer directly to this, but it seems as though he Uncommon, native. Margins of lake and wet dune slack. assumes that Christiansen was referring to this species. Wriakhörnsee. First recorded 1890. Certainly, S asperum is a much rarer species. I saw one Stachys palustris Symphytum species, but it was in too poor a condition to (Marsh Woundwort / Sumpf-Ziest) identify accurately. Recorded only 1954 Rare, Field margin. A few plants on east coast, between Nebel and Norddorf. First recorded 1942. LAMIACEAE Thymus serpyllum (Breckland Thyme / Sand-Thymian) Ajuga reptans Uncommon, native. Short turf, heaths, fixed dunes and (Bugle / Kriech-Günsel) roadsides. First recorded 1890. Rare, Woodland margins. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Galeopsis tetrahit CALLITRICHACEAE (Common Hempnettle / Stechender Hohlzahn) Callitriche brutia Uncommon, Wasteplaces and a garden weed. First recorded (Pedunculate Water-starwort / Stielfrüchtiger-Wasserstern) between 1987-1992. Uncommon, native. Ditches. North of Norddorf. The Glechoma hederacea Callitriche have undergone many changes in there species (Ground Ivy / Efeu-Gundermann) concepts and it is difficult to compare new and old records in Uncommon, Damp shady ground. Recorded only between this genus. C. brutia may be synonymous with the records of 2005-2007. Callitriche hamulata. First recorded between 1960-1986. Lamiastrum galeobdolon ssp. argentatum Callitriche cophocarpa (Yellow Archangel / Goldnessel) (Water-starwort / Stumpfkantiger-Wasserstern) Uncommon, Woodland. Close to gardens from where it will Recorded only 1954 have escaped. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Lamium album Callitriche hamulata (White Dead-nettle / Weiße Taubnessel) (Intermediate Water-starwort / Haken-Wasserstern) Rare, introduced. Rough grassland. Around a bench in First recorded 1954, last recorded between 1987-1992. north-eastern Nebel. First recorded between 1987-1992. Callitriche hermaphroditica Lamium amplexicaule (Autumnal Water-starwort / Herbst-Wasserstern) (Henbit / Stengelumfassende Taubnessel) First recorded 1954, last recorded between 1987-1992. Uncommon, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces and a garden Callitriche palustris weed. First recorded 1890. First recorded 1930, last recorded 1954 Lamium hybridum Callitriche stagnalis (Cut-leaved Dead-nettle / Eiggeschnittene Taubnessel) (Common Water-starwort / Teich-Wasserstern) Introduced. Recorded only between 1960-1986 Uncommon, native. Ditches and wet ruts on forest tracks. Lamium confertum Near sewage works close to Wittdün. First recorded 1913. (Northern Deadnettle / Gelappte Taubnessel) First recorded 1890, last recorded 1954 Lamium purpureum PLANTAGINACEAE (Purple Dead-nettle / Purpurrote Taubnessel) Littorella uniflora Uncommon, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces and a garden (Shoreweed / Strandling) weed. First recorded 1895. First recorded 1887, last recorded 1930

Page 14 Flora of Amrum

Plantago coronopus Rhinanthus minor (Buck's-horn Plantain / Schlitzblättriger Wegerich) (Hayrattle / Kleiner Klappertopf) Abundant, native. Short turf close to the sea, saltmarsh. First Abundant, native. Meadows and roadsides. First recorded recorded 1860. 1825. Plantago arenaria Scrophularia nodosa (Branched Plantain / Sand-Wegerich) (Common Figwort / Knotige Braunwurz) Introduced. Recorded only 1887 Rare, Margins of woodland tracks. A few plants along Plantago lanceolata cycle track west of Wittdün. One plant on Waldweg near (Ribwort Plantain / Spitz-Wegerich) Satteldüne. First recorded 1860. Abundant, native. Meadows, field margins, roadsides and Verbascum lychnitis wasteplaces. First recorded 1860. (White Mullein / Mehlige Königskerze) Plantago major ssp. major First recorded 1895, last recorded 1954 (Greater Plantain / Breitwegerich) Verbascum nigrum Common, archaeophyte. Compacted soil on tracks, paths (Dark Mullein / Schwarze Königskerze) and lawns. First recorded 1860. Rare, casual. Disturbed ground. One plant near Plantago maritima Schullandheim Bad Horn. Recorded only between (Sea Plantain / Strand-Wegerich) 2005-2007. Common, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1860. Verbascum sp. (Mullein / Königskerze) Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces near gardens and fixed OLEACEAE dunes. At least two other species of Verbascum were seen, Fraxinus excelsior but the lack of flowers made them impossible to identify. (Ash / Gewöhnliche Esche) Recorded only between 2005-2007. Uncommon, planted and self sown. Land boundaries. In towns and near houses. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Verbascum thapsus (Common Mullein / Kleinblütige Königskerze) Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces. Süddorf. Recorded only SCROPHULARIACEAE between 2005-2007. Cymbalaria muralis Veronica arvensis (Ivy-leaved Toadflax / Zimbelkraut) (Wall Speedwell / Feld-Ehrenpreis) Common, introduced. Walls. Many plants are planted on the Uncommon, First recorded 1913. earthen walls, particularly sedums. However, other species Veronica chamaedrys do not appear to have naturalised like this species. First (Germander Speedwell / Gamander Ehrenpreis) recorded between 1987-1992. First recorded 1930, last recorded between 1960-1986 Digitalis purpurea Veronica hederifolia ssp. hederifolia (Foxglove / Roter Fingerhut) (Ivy-leaved Speedwell / Efeu-Ehrenpreis) Uncommon, introduced. Heaths and disturbed ground in First recorded 1913, last recorded between 1987-1992. woodland. All specimen are very tall and variable in flower Veronica officinalis colour. I therefore suspect that they are derived from garden (Heath Speedwell / Wald Ehrenpreis) escapes and are probably not native. First recorded between Common, native. Short turf, pasture, heath, woodland 1960-1986. margins, dune slacks. First recorded 1930. Euphrasia micrantha Veronica persica (Eyebright / Schlanker Augentrost) (Common Field-speedwell / Persischer Ehrenpreis) Recorded only 1954 introduced. Recorded only between 1987-1992. Euphrasia officinalis agg. (Eyebright / Hain-Augentrost) Veronica scutellata Common, native. Meadows. First recorded 1895. (Marsh Speedwell / Schild-Ehrenpreis) First recorded 1887, last recorded between 1960-1986 Euphrasia stricta (Eyebright / Steifer Augentrost) Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia Uncommon, native. Wet dune slack. First recorded 1913. (Thyme-leaved Speedwell / Quendel-Ehrenpreis) Linaria vulgaris Rare, Lawn and damp tracks in woodlands. Recorded only (Toadflax / Gemeines Leinkraut) between 2005-2007. Common, archaeophyte. Fixed dunes, roadsides and Veronica spicata heaths. First recorded 1930. (Spiked Speedwell / Ähriger Ehrenpreis) Odontites vernus ssp. litoralis Rare, introduced. Steep sandy bank. Wittdün, presumably (Red Bartsia / Zahntrost) escaped from gardens. First recorded 1890. Uncommon, native. Grassland at upper saltmarsh. Allunn. First recorded 1895. Odontites vernus ssp. vernus LENTIBULARIACEAE (Red Bartsia / Zahntrost) Pinguicula vulgaris First recorded 1860, last recorded 1930 (Common Butterwort / Gemeines Fettkraut) Pedicularis sylvatica Introduced. Recorded only 1957 (Lousewort / Wald-Läusekraut) Uncommon, native. Margins of lake. Wriakhörnsee. First recorded 1860. CAMPANULACEAE Pedicularis palustris Campanula rapunculoides (Marsh Lousewort / Sumpf-Läusekraut) (Creeping Bellflower / Rapunzel Glockenblume) First recorded 1876, last recorded between 1987-1992. Recorded only between 1960-1986 Rhinanthus angustifolius Campanula rotundifolia (Greater Yellow-rattle / Großes Klappertopf) (Harebell / Rundblättrige Glockenblume) First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1987-1992. Common, native. Meadows. First recorded 1860.

Page 15 Flora of Amrum

Jasione montana Succisa pratensis (Sheep's bit / Berg-Sandglöckchen) (Devil's-bit Scabious / Gemeiner Teufelsabbiss) Common, native. Heaths, fixed dunes and meadows. First First recorded 1890. recorded 1936. ASTERACEAE RUBIACEAE Achillea millefolium Galium aparine (Yarrow / Gemeine Schafgarbe) (Cleavers / Kleb-Labkraut) Abundant, native. Grassland of all kinds. First recorded Common, native. Gardens, wasteplaces and roadsides. First 1860. recorded 1930. Achillea ptarmica Galium mollugo agg. (Sneezewort / Sumpf-Schafgarbe) (Hedge Bedstraw / Wiesen-Labkraut) Recorded only 1934 Uncommon, native. Meadows and roadsides. First recorded Antennaria dioica 1913. (Mountain Everlasting / Gewöhnliches Katzenpfötchen) Galium palustre ssp. palustre First recorded 1860, last recorded 1954 (Common Marsh-bedstraw / Sumpf-Labkraut) Anthemis arvensis Uncommon, native. Wet dune slacks, banks of ponds and (Corn Chamomile / Acker-Hundskamille) ditches. First recorded 1930. Common, Grassland, arable crops and field margins. First recorded 1934. Galium saxatile (Heath bedstraw / Felsen-Labkraut) Anthemis cotula Uncommon, native. Heaths. Synonym Galium harcynicum. (Stinking Chamomile / Stinkende Hundskamille) First recorded 1913. First recorded 1860, last recorded 1958 Anthemis tinctoria Galium verum (Yellow Chamomile / Färberhundskamille) (Lady's bedstraw / Echtes Labkraut) Rare, casual. Wasteplaces. Perhaps a casual from bird Common, native. Meadows, roadsides, heath and pasture. seed or grass seed, but seen in two separate locations. First First recorded 1890. recorded 1860. Galium x pomeranicum (G. mollugo x G. verum) Arctium minus Uncommon, native. Meadows and roadsides. First recorded (Lesser Burdock / Kleine Klette) 1890. Uncommon, archaeophyte. Field margins and roadsides. Sherardia arvensis Never abundant in any one place, but seen in several (Field Madder / Ackerröte) places. First recorded 1899. First recorded 1860, last recorded 1930 Arnica montana First recorded 1895, last recorded between 1960-1986 Arnoseris minima CAPRIFOLIACEAE (Lamb's Succory / Lämmersalat) Linnaea borealis First recorded 1895, last recorded between 1987-1992. (Twinflower / Moosglöckchen) Artemisia absinthium Recorded only 1954-1960 (Wormwood / Wermut) Lonicera periclymenum First recorded 1895, last recorded between 1987-1992. (Honeysuckle / Deutsches Geißblatt) Artemisia vulgaris Common, native. Woods, plantations and scrub. First (Mugwort / Beifuß) recorded 1930. archaeophyte. First recorded 1825. Sambucus nigra Aster tripolium (Elder / Schwarzer Holunder) (Sea Aster / Strand-Aster) Common, native. Hedges, dunes and woodland margins. Common, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1913. First recorded 1860. Bellis perennis (Daisy / Großes Gänseblümchen) Symphoricarpos albus Uncommon, native. Lawns. First recorded 1860. (Snowberry / Schneebeere) Rare, introduced. Pine plantation. Seen in gardens, but only Bidens cernua once in a plantation. First recorded 1930. (Nodding Bur-marigold / Nickender Zweizahn) Rare, First recorded 1860. Bidens tripartita VALERIANACEAE (Trifid Bur-marigold / Dreiteiliger Zweizahn) Valerianella locusta Rare, First recorded 1860. (Common Cornsalad / Gemeiner Feldsalat) Carduus nutans First recorded 1958, last recorded between 1987-1992. (Musk Thistle / Nickende Distel) Recorded only between 1987-1992. Centaurea cyanus DIPSACACEAE (Cornflower / Kornblume) Dipsacus fullonum Rare, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces and fallow. Two plants in (Teasel / Wilde Karde) rough ground near farm in Norddorf. First recorded 1890. Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces. Car park margin, Nebel. Centaurea jacea Recorded only between 2005-2007. (Brown Knapweed / Gemeine Flockenblume) Knautia arvensis First recorded 1913, last recorded between 1960-1986 (Field Scabious / Acker-Witwenblume) Centaurea stoebe Common, native. Meadows and roadsides. First recorded (Spotted Knapweed / Benediktenkraut) 1860. Introduced. First recorded 1890, last recorded 1958

Page 16 Flora of Amrum

Chrysanthemum segetum Hypochaeris radicata (Corn Marigold / Saat-Wucherblume) (Cat's-ear / Gewöhnliches Ferkelkraut) Rare, casual. Wasteplaces. Corner of Churchyard in Nebel. Common, native. Grassland of all kinds. First recorded 1890. First recorded 1913. Lapsana communis Cichorium intybus (Nipple-wort / Gemeiner Rainkohl) (Chicory / Zichorie) Uncommon, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces. First recorded First recorded 1942, last recorded 1954-1960 1860. Cirsium arvense Leontodon autumnalis (Creeping Thistle / Acker-Kratzdistel) (Smooth Hawkbit / Herbst-Löwenzahn) Common, Roadsides, pasture, agricultural land. First Uncommon, native. Roadsides and short grassland. First recorded 1914. recorded 1860. Cirsium palustre (Marsh Thistle / Sumpf-Kratzdistel) Leontodon saxatilis Uncommon, Rough grassland. First recorded 1926. (Lesser Hawkbit / Nickender Löwenzahn) Recorded only between 1960-1986 Cirsium vulgare (Spear Thistle / Gewöhnliche Kratzdistel) Leucanthemum vulgare Uncommon, Roadsides and wasteplaces. First recorded (Oxeye Daisy / Wiesen-Wuchterblume) 1860. Uncommon, Lawns and earthen embankments surrounding Conyza canadensis gardens. First recorded 1860. (Canadian Fleabane / Kanadisches Berufkraut) Matricaria discoidea Common, introduced. Disturbed ground, wasteplaces and (Pineappleweed / Strahlenlose Kamille) agricultural land. First recorded 1954. Common, introduced. Roadsides, tracks and parking places. Crepis biennis First recorded 1930. (Rough Hawk's-beard / Wiesen-Pippau) First recorded 1890, last recorded between 1987-1992. Matricaria recutita (Scented Mayweed / Echte Kamille) Crepis capillaris First recorded 1915. (Smooth Hawk's-beard / Grüner Pippau) Abundant, archaeophyte. Dunes, dry woods, heath, Mycelis muralis wasteplaces and roadsides. First recorded 1954. (Wall Lettuce / Mycelis muralis) Crepis tectorum Uncommon, Conifer plantations. First recorded 1930. (Narrow-leaved Hawk's-beard / Dach- Pippau) Pilosella officinarum First recorded 1954, last recorded between 1960-1986 (Mouse-ear Hawkweed / Kleines Habichtskraut) Erigeron acer Common, native. Embankments, short turf and heaths. First (Blue Fleabane / Berufkraut) recorded 1860. Synonym Erigeron acris. First recorded 1930, last recorded Scorzonera humilis between 1960-1986 (Viper's grass / Niedrige Schwarz) Filago lutescens Rare, native. Meadow. First recorded 1860. (Red-tipped Cudweed / Gelbiches Filzkraut) Senecio jacobaea Recorded only 1954 (Ragwort / Jakobs-Greiskraut) Filago minima Rare, Meadow and foredunes. Surprisingly rare, but it might (Small Cudweed / Kleines Filzkraut) be specifically controlled by landowners. First recorded Common, Fixed dunes and sandy roadsides. Not distributed 1860. evenly, but where it occurs it is in large numbers. First recorded 1890. Senecio sylvaticus (Wood Groundsel / Wald-Greiskraut) Filago vulgaris Common, native. Dunes, dry woods, heath, wasteplaces and (Cudweed / Gewöhnliches Filzkraut) roadsides. First recorded 1860. Uncommon, archaeophyte. Disturbed, trodden and sandy places. Only ever found in places of manmade disturbance. Senecio vernalis First recorded 1938. (Eastern Groundsel / Frühlings-Greiskraut) Galinsoga parviflora First recorded 1942, last recorded between 1987-1992. (Gallant Soldier / Klienblütiges Franzosenkraut) Senecio viscosus Uncommon, introduced. Garden weed and pavement cracks. (Sticky Groundsel / Klebriges Greiskraut) Seen in Nebel, Norddorf and Wittdün. First recorded 1895. Rare, Cracks in concrete. Only found on the seawall in Galinsoga quadriradiata Norddorf. First recorded 1860. (Shaggy Soldier / Zottiges Franzosenkraut) Senecio vulgaris Uncommon, introduced. Garden weed and pavement (Groundsel / Gemeines Greiskraut) cracks. Seen in Nebel, Norddorf and Wittdün. Recorded only Uncommon, Agricultural weed, wasteplaces. First recorded between 2005-2007. 1942. Gnaphalium sylvaticum Seriphidium maritimum (Heath Cudweed / Wald-Ruhrkraut) (Sea Wormwood / Strand-Beifuß) Uncommon, A fallow field and one plant found in a damp Common, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1860. dune slacks. First recorded 1895. Gnaphalium uliginosum Silybum marianum (Marsh Cudweed / Sumpf-Ruhrkraut) (Milk Thistle / Mariendistel) Common, Ruts in farm tracks. First recorded 1890. Rare, introduced. field margin. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Hieracium umbellatum (Hawkweed / Doldiges Habichtskraut) Solidago canadensis Common, native. Heaths in dunes. Never abundant in any (Canadian Goldenrod / Kanadische Goldrute) one place, but well scattered within suitable habitat. First introduced. First recorded 1860, last recorded between recorded 1895. 1987-1992.

Page 17 Flora of Amrum

Solidago gigantea Potamogeton natans (Early Goldenrod / Riesen-Goldrute) (Broad-leaved Pondweed / Schwimmendes-Laichkraut) Uncommon, introduced. Roadsides and wasteplaces. Uncommon, Ditches. First recorded 1895. Probably originating from dumping of garden waste. Potamogeton pectinatus Recorded only between 2005-2007. (Fennel Pondweed / Kammförniges Laichkraut) Sonchus arvensis Rare, Pond. South of Nebel. First recorded 1927. (Corn Sowthistle / Acker-Gänsedistel) Potamogeton polygonifolius Uncommon, Wasteplaces and foredunes. First recorded (Bog Pondweed / Knöterich-Laichkraut) 1860. Common, native. Ponds in dune slacks. First recorded 1895. Sonchus asper (Prickly Sowthistle / Rauhe Gänsedistel) Potamogeton pusillus Common, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces and fallow. First (Lesser Pondweed / Kleines Laichkraut) recorded 1954. First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1960-1986 Sonchus oleraceus (Common Sowthistle / Kohl-Gänsedistel) RUPPIACEAE Common, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces and fallow. First Ruppia cirrhosa recorded 1895. (Spiral Tasselweed / Strand-Salde) Tagetes patula Recorded only 1954-1960 (French Marigold / Studentenblume) Rare, casual. Wasteplaces. Four plants growing where Ruppia maritima garden waste may have been dumped. Near sewage works (Beaked Tasselweed / Meeres-Salde) in Nebel. Recorded only between 2005-2007. First recorded 1860, last recorded 1958 Tanacetum parthenium (Feverfew / Mutterkraut) Rare, introduced. Side of pavement. One plant found near a ZANNICHELLIACEAE garden. First recorded 1913. Zannichellia palustris Tanacetum vulgare (Horned Pondweed / Teichfaden) (Tansy / Gemeiner Rainfarn) First recorded 1954, last recorded between 1960-1986 Common, introduced. Roadsides, field margins and wasteplaces. First recorded 1860. ZOSTERACEAE Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma Zostera marina (Lesser Dandelion / Löwenzahn) (Eelgrass / Seegras) Recorded only between 1960-1986 Probably Common, native. Washed up on beach. First Taraxacum officinale agg. recorded between 1987-1992. (Dandelion / Löwenzahn) Common, First recorded 1860. Zostera noltei (Dwalf Eelgrass / Zwerg-Seegras) Tragopogon pratensis Recorded only between 1987-1992. (Goat's Beard / Wiesen-Breksbart) Rare, Wasteplaces. Three plants at the margin of a car park in Nebel and one plant along the Waldweg. First recorded ARACEAE 1913. Calla palustris Tripleurospermum inodorum (Bog Arum / Drachenwurz) (Scentless Mayweed / Geruchlose Kamille) Recorded only between 1987-1992. Common, Agricultural weed, wasteplaces and field margins. First recorded 1860. Tussilago farfara LEMNACEAE (Colt's-foot / Huflattich) Lemna minor Rare, Wasteplaces. First recorded 1913. (Lesser Duckweed / Kleine Wasserlinse) Uncommon, native. Ditches. First recorded 1926. ALISMATACEAE Alisma plantago-aquatica JUNCACEAE (Water-plantain / Gemeiner Froschlöffel) Juncus acutiflorus Recorded only 1954 (Sharp-flowered Rush / Spitzblütige Binse) First recorded 1938. JUNCAGINACEAE Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. atricapillus (Alpine Rush / Alpen-Binse) Triglochin maritimum Seen by Petersen, J. (2000) Recorded only 2000. (Sea Arrowgrass / Strand-Dreizack) Uncommon, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1860. Juncus ambiguus (Frog Rush / Frosch-Binse) Triglochin palustre Uncommon, native. Dune slacks. Synonym Juncus ranarius. (Marsh Arrowgrass / Sumpf-Dreizack) First recorded 1938. Uncommon, native. Upper saltmarsh. First recorded 1890. Juncus anceps (Flattened Rush / Zweischneidige Binse) POTAMOGETONACEAE Uncommon, native. Dune slacks. First recorded 1860. Potamogeton crispus Juncus articulatus (Curled Pondweed / Krauses-Laichkraut) (Jointed Rush / Glieder-Binse) First recorded 1927, last recorded between 1960-1986 Common, native. Dune slacks. First recorded 1860.

Page 18 Flora of Amrum

Juncus bufonius Carex curta (Toad Rush / Krötenbinse) (White Sedge / Graue Segge) Common, native. Wasteplaces, upper saltmarsh and First recorded 1913, last recorded between 1987-1992. roadsides. First recorded 1860. Carex distans Juncus bulbosus (Distant Sedge / Entferntährige Segge) (Bulbous Rush / Zwiebelbinse, Knollige Binse) First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1987-1992. Common, native. Boggy ponds in dune slacks. First Carex echinata recorded 1860. (Star Sedge / Stern Segge) Juncus compressus Seen by Petersen, J. (2000) First recorded 1825, last (Round-fruited Rush / Platthalm-Binse) recorded 2000. First recorded 1890, last recorded between 1987-1992. Carex extensa Juncus conglomeratus (Long-bracted Sedge / Strand-Segge) (Compact Rush / Knäuelbinse) Uncommon, native. First recorded 1825. Common, native. Ditches and marshes. First recorded 1860. Carex flacca Juncus effusus (Glaucous Sedge / Blaugrüne Segge) (Soft-rush / Liebeslocken) Uncommon. Native. First recorded 1825, last recorded 1958 Common, native. Roadsides, ditches, marsh, margins of damp woodland and damp pasture. First recorded 1860. Carex hostiana Juncus filiformis (Tawny Sedge / Saum-Sedge) (Thread Rush / Faden-Binse) Recorded only 1959 Uncommon, Damp dune slacks. First recorded 1860. Carex muricata ssp. lamprocarpa Juncus gerardii (Prickly Sedge / Sparrige Segge) (Salt Mud Rush / Salz-Binse) Common, native. Heaths. Synonym Carex pairae. First Common, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1930. recorded 1913. Juncus maritimus Carex nigra (Sea Rush / Strand-Binse) (Common Sedge / Wiesen-Segge) Uncommon, native. Saltmarsh and damp dune slacks. First Uncommon, native. Wet dune slack and wet meadow. First recorded 1860. recorded 1939. Juncus pygmaeus Carex otrubae (Pigmy Rush / Zwerg-Binse) (False Fox-sedge / Falsche Fuchs-Segge) Uncommon, native. Damp bare sand in dune slacks. First recorded 1913. Abundant in the areas where it grows, but restricted to small Carex ovalis areas. First recorded 1895. (Oval Sedge / Hasenpfoten-Segge) Juncus squarrosus Uncommon, native. Grassland and tracksides. Synonym C. (Heath Rush / Sparrige Binse) leporina. First recorded 1895. Uncommon, native. Heaths and dune slacks. First recorded Carex panicea 1954. (Carnation Sedge / Hirsesegge) Juncus tenuis First recorded 1887, last recorded between 1987-1992. (Slender Rush / Juncus tenuis) Carex pilulifera Uncommon, introduced. Damp tracks in plantations. First (Pill Sedge / Pillensegge) recorded 1876. Uncommon, native. Heaths and forest tracks. First recorded Luzula campestris 1890. (Field Wood-rush / Gewöhnliche Hainsimse) First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1987-1992. Carex pseudocyperus (Cyperus Sedge / Zypergrasähnliche) Luzula multiflora Rare, native. Ditches and wet dune slacks. First recorded (Many Headed Woodrush / Vielblütige Hainsimse) 1887. Uncommon, native. Heaths, fixed dunes and grassland. First recorded 1890. Carex trinervis (Three-nerved Sedge / Dreinervige-Segge) Luzula sylvatica First recorded 1887, last recorded 1954 (Greater Woodrush / Wald-Hainsimse) Rare, native. Trackside. Only one small patch. Recorded Carex x turfosa (C. elata x C. nigra) only between 2005-2007. Recorded only 1913 Carex viridula ssp. viridula (Yellow Sedge / Gelb-Segge) CYPERACEAE Uncommon, native. Wet dune slacks. Synonyms C. oederi or Bolboschoenus maritimus C serotina. First recorded 1930. (Sea Club-rush / Strandsimse) Eleocharis acicularis Common, native. Duneslacks and saltmarsh. First recorded (Needle Spike-rush / Nadelsimse) 1887. First recorded 1913, last recorded between 1987-1992. Blysmus rufus (Saltmarsh Flat-sedge / Rote Simse) Eleocharis multicaulis Recorded only 1860 (Many-stalked Spike-rush / Vielstengelige Simse) First recorded 1890, last recorded between 1960-1986 Carex acuta (Slender Tufted-sedge / Schlank-Segge) Eleocharis palustris Rare, native. Synonym Carex gracilis. First recorded 1887, (Common Spike-rush / Gewöhnliche Sumpfbinse) last recorded between 1987-1992. Common, native. Wet dune slacks. First recorded 1928. Carex arenaria Eleocharis quinqueflora (Sand Sedge / Sandsegge) (Few-flowerd Spike-rush / Armblütige Simse) Abundant, native. Dunes and heaths. First recorded 1860. First recorded 1890, last recorded between 1987-1992.

Page 19 Flora of Amrum

Eleocharis uniglumis Alopecurus pratensis (Slender Spike-rush / Einspelziges Sumpfbinse) (Meadow Foxtail / Wiesen-Fuchsschwanzgras) Uncommon, native. Wet dune slacks. First recorded 1899. Uncommon, native. Damp, ungrazed grassland. West of Eleogiton fluitans Wittdün. First recorded 1887. (Floating Club-rush / Flutende Teichsimse) Ammophila arenaria Rare, native. Pond in dune slack. First recorded 1887. (Marram Grass / Strandhafer) Eriophorum angustifolium Abundant, native. Dunes. First recorded 1906. (Common Cottongrass / Schmalblättriges Wollgras) X Calammophila baltica Uncommon, native. Wet, boggy dune slacks. First recorded (Purple Marram / Baltischer-Strandhafer) 1860. Uncommon, native. Dunes. First recorded 1958. Rhynchospora alba Anisantha sterilis (White Beak-sedge / Weiße Schnabelsimse) (Barren Brome / Taube Trespe) First recorded 1825, last recorded 1958 Uncommon, Margins of a carpark, wasteplaces and seawall. Near the Nordseehalle, Wittdün, seawall in Norddorf. First Rhynchospora fusca recorded 1860. (Brown Beak-sedge / Braune Schnabelsimse) Recorded only 1860 Anisantha tectorum (Drooping Brome / Dachtrespe) Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani First recorded 1876, last recorded between 1960-1986 (Grey Club-rush / Rauhe Simse) Anthoxanthum aristatum Rare, native. Wet dune slack. One patch, perhaps 3m in (Annual Vernal Grass / Begranntes Ruchgras) circumference . First recorded 1958. Introduced. Schoenoplectus triqueter Anthoxanthum odoratum (Triangular Club-rush / Dreikantige Simse) (Scented Vernal Grass / Gewöhnliches Ruchgras) First recorded 1890, last recorded 1958 Abundant, native. Dunes, woodland, heaths, roadsides and Trichophorum cespitosum ssp. germanicum meadows. First recorded 1942. (Deergrass / Rasige Simse) Apera spica-venti Rare, native. Wet dune slack. First recorded 1887. (Loose Silky Bent / Acker-Windhalm) Uncommon, archaeophyte. Wasteplaces. First recorded 1899. POACEAE Arrhenatherum elatius Agrostis canina (Oat Grass / Glatthafer) (Velvet Bent / Sumpf-Straußgras) Common, native. Roadsides and rough grassland. First Seen by Petersen, J. (2000) First recorded 1895, last recorded 1887. recorded 2000. Avena fatua Agrostis capillaris (Wild-oat / Flughafer) (Common Bent / Rotes Straußgras) First recorded 1913, last recorded between 1987-1992. Abundant, native. Grassland of all kinds. First recorded Brachypodium pinnatum 1887. (Tor-grass / Gefiederte Zwencke) Agrostis gigantea First recorded 1887, last recorded between 1987-1992. (Black Bent / Riesen Straußgras) Bromopsis erecta First recorded 1895, last recorded between 1960-1986 (Upright Brome / Aufrechte Trespe) Agrostis stolonifera ssp. maritima Rare, introduced. Earthen wall. on a stone wall near harbour (Creeping Bent / Flechtstraußgras) in Wittdün. First recorded 1913. Common, native. Saltmarsh and dune slacks. First recorded Bromopsis inermis ssp inermis 1887. (Hungarian Brome / Wehrlose Trespe) Agrostis stolonifera ssp. stolonifera Uncommon, introduced. Roadsides. Seen twice, but forming (Creeping Bent / Flechtstraußgras) extensive patches were it grows. Both sites are on the Common, native. Meadows, saltmarsh and dune slacks. outskirts of Nebel. First recorded between 1960-1986. First recorded 1860. Bromus hordeaceus Agrostis vinealis (Soft-brome / Weiche Trespe) (Brown Bent / Sand-Straußgras) Abundant, native. Wasteplaces, meadows and roadsides. Uncommon, native. Dunes. Synonym Agrostis stricta. First First recorded 1913. recorded 1860. Bromus secalinus Aira caryophyllea (Rye Brome / Roggentrespe) (Silver Hair-grass / Nelken-Haferschmiele) First recorded 1860, last recorded 1961 Common, native. Dunes, dry grassland and disturbed Calamagrostis canescens ground. First recorded 1887. (Purple Small-reed / Sumpf-Reitgras) Aira praecox Rare, Swamp. First recorded 1895. (Early Hair-grass / Früher Schmielenhafer) Calamagrostis epigejos Common, native. Dunes, dry grassland and disturbed (Wood Small-reed / Land-Reitgras) ground. First recorded 1860. Uncommon, Margins of woodlands and heathland. Alopecurus geniculatus Particularly along side the Waldweg. First recorded 1860. (Marsh Foxtail / Knick-Fuchsschwanzgras) Catabrosa aquatica Uncommon, native. Pond margins in cattle pastures and (Whorl-grass / Quellgras) upper saltmarsh. First recorded 1860. First recorded 1913, last recorded between 1960-1986 Alopecurus myosuroides Corynephorus canescens (Black-grass / Acker-Fuchsschwanzgras) (Grey Hair-grass / Silbergras) First recorded 1860, last recorded between 1987-1992. Abundant, native. Hind dunes. First recorded 1954.

Page 20 Flora of Amrum

Cynosurus cristatus Festuca rubra ssp.rubra (Crested Dog's-tail / Wiesen-Kammgras) (Red fescue / Rotschwingel) Common, native. Meadows, pasture and roadsides. First Abundant, native. Meadows, roadsides, pasture and upper recorded 1887. saltmarsh. First recorded 1913. Dactylis glomerata Glyceria fluitans (Cocksfoot / Wiesenknäuelgras) (Floating Sweet-grass / Flutender Schwaden) Common, native. Roadsides, field margins, wasteplaces, Rare, native. Ditches. North of Norddorf. First recorded gardens and meadows. First recorded 1860. 1930. Danthonia decumbens Helictotrichon pratense (Heath-grass / Dreizahngras) (Meadow Oat-grass / Wiesenhafer) Uncommon, native. Heaths and tracksides in woodland. First First recorded 1913, last recorded between 1987-1992. recorded 1887. Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire Fog / Wolliges Honiggras) Deschampsia cespitosa Abundant, native. Dunes, woodland, heaths, roadsides and (Tufted Hair-grass / Rasenschmiele) meadows. First recorded 1890. First recorded 1895, last recorded between 1987-1992. Holcus mollis Deschampsia flexuosa (Creeping soft-grass / Weiches Honiggras) (Wavy Hair Grass / Drahtschmiele) Common, native. Wasteplaces and a weed of arable crops. Abundant, native. Dunes, woodland, heaths, roadsides and First recorded 1825. meadows. Synonym Avenella flexuosa . First recorded 1860. Hordeum jubatum Deschampsia setacea (Foxtail Barley / Mähnen-Gerste) (Bog Hair-grass / Zweifarbige Schmiele) Introduced. First recorded 1890, last recorded between First recorded 1906, last recorded 1954 1960-1986 Digitaria ischaemum Hordeum murinum (Smooth Finger-grass / Faden-Fingerhirse) (Wall Barley / Mäuse-Gerste) First recorded 1887, last recorded between 1960-1986 Uncommon, Pavement cracks. First recorded 1890. Echinochloa crus-galli Hordeum secalinum (Cockspur / Gewöhnliche Hühnerhirse) (Meadow Barley / Roggen-Gerste) First recorded 1906. Uncommon, Grassland at upper limits of saltmarsh. Only one site at Allunn. First recorded 1825. Elytrigia atherica (Sea Couch / Dünen-Quecke) Koeleria albescens Common, native. Saltmarsh, transitional area between (Crested Hair-grass / Fackelgras) saltmarsh and dune. Some clumps have long awns while Recorded only between 1987-1992. others do not. First recorded 1825. Leymus arenarius (Lyme-grass / Strandroggen) Elytrigia juncea Common, native. Beaches. Seen on the eastern coast, (Sand Couch / Binsen-Quecke) but may also exists scattered on the western coast. First Abundant, native. Foredunes. Mainly on the western shore recorded 1825. of the island. First recorded 1887. Lolium multiflorum Elytrigia repens ssp. maritima introduced. First recorded 1956, last recorded between First recorded 1825, last recorded between 1987-1992. 1987-1992. Elytrigia repens ssp. repens Lolium perenne (Common Couch / Gewöhnliche Quecke) (Perennial Rye-grass / Ausdauerndes Weidelgras) Common, native. Roadsides, rough grassland, Abundant, native. Pastures, roadsides and lawns. Also sown embankments, wasteplaces and saltmarsh. Awned and as a crop. First recorded 1860. unawned plants are present. First recorded 1860. Molinia caerulea Elytrigia x obtusiuscula (Purple Moor-grass / Gewöhnliches Pfeifengras) (Hybrid Sand Couch / ) Common, native. Tracksides in woods and plantation, under Common, native. Saltmarsh, transitional area between birch woods and on heaths. First recorded 1906. saltmarsh and dune. First recorded 1954. Nardus stricta Festuca arenaria (Mat Grass / Ährengras) (Rush-leaved Fescue / ) Uncommon, native. Damp ground next to track. First Common, native. Sand dunes. First recorded 1860. recorded 1860. Festuca arundinacea Panicum miliaceum (Tall Fescue / Rohrschwingel) (Common Millet / Echte Hirse) Rare, Trackside. Near Wittdün. First recorded 1930. Rare, introduced. Wasteplace. Growing on the waste from a stable. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Festuca filiformis (Fine-leaved Sheep's-fescue / Schafschwingel) Parapholis strigosa Uncommon, native. Short turf. First recorded 1860. (Curved Sea Hard-grass / Gekrümmter Dünnschwanz) Uncommon, native. Saltmarsh behind foredunes. First Festuca ovina recorded 1887. (Sheep's fescue / Schafschwingel) Phalaris canariensis Common, native. Short turf on heaths and pasture. First (Canary-grass / Kanariengras) recorded 1930. Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces. Growing on the waste from Festuca pratensis a stable. Recorded only between 2005-2007. (Meadow fescue / Wiesenschwingel) Phleum pratense agg. Uncommon, Meadows. First recorded 1958. (Cat's-tail / Wiesen-Lieschgras) Festuca rubra ssp. litoralis Abundant, native. Meadows, pasture and roadsides. Some (Red fescue / Rotschwingel) spikes seemed to fit within the range a characters of P. Common, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1860. bertolonii. First recorded 1860.

Page 21 Flora of Amrum

Phragmites australis Typha latifolia (Common Reed / Schilf) (Bulrush / Breitblättriger Rohrkolben) Abundant, native. Ditches, marsh and upper saltmarsh. First Rare, Ditches and wet dune slacks. First recorded between recorded 1821. 1987-1992. Poa angustifolia (Narrow-leaved Meadow Grass / Schmale Wiesen-Rispe) First recorded 1876, last recorded between 1987-1992. LILIACEAE Poa annua Allium vineale (Annual Meadow Grass / Einjähriges Rispengras) (Crow Garlic / Weinberglauch) Common, native. Short grassland, disturbed ground and Rare, Garden weed. Seen only in a rose bed in Nebel. agricultural land. First recorded 1860. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Poa compressa Asparagus officinalis ssp. officinalis (Flattened Meadow-grass / Flaches Rispengras) (Asparagus / Spargel) Rare, Found in a flower bed of a private garden in Nebel. Uncommon, introduced. Garden weed. Abundant in the First recorded 1947. garden of the Nordseehalle in Wittdün. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Poa humilis (Spreading Meadow-grass / Bläuliches Wiesen-Rispengras) Convallaria majalis Common, native. Dunes, heaths, roadsides, meadows (Lily of the Valley / Maiglöckchen) and wasteplaces. Türk (1994) refers to Poa pratensis ssp. Uncommon, introduced. Deciduous woodland. Only two angustifolia. These species are quite similar and further patches found of this plant, both perhaps 3m in diameter,. investigation is required to determine if both are present. Recorded only between 2005-2007. First recorded 1895. Maianthemum bifolium Poa nemoralis (May Lily / Zweiblättrige Schattenblume) (Woodland Meadow Grass / Hain-Rispengras) Rare, Under conifer trees within the boundaries of a private Probably Common, native. Margins of woodlands. First house Possibly planted. First recorded 1954. recorded 1947. Narthecium ossifragum Poa pratensis sens.str. (Bog Asphodel / Beinbrech) (Meadow Grass / Wiesen-Rispengras) Uncommon, native. Marsh. Between Wittdün and Rare, native. Damp grassland. First recorded 1895. Steenodde. First recorded 1887. Poa trivialis (Rough Meadow Grass / Gewöhnliches Rispengras) Uncommon, native. Margins of woodlands. First recorded IRIDACEAE 1895. Iris pseudacorus (Yellow Iris / Wasser-Schwertlilie) Puccinellia distans Rare, native. Wet duneslacks. First recorded 1959. (Reflexed Salt-marsh Grass / Abstehender) First recorded 1895, last recorded between 1987-1992. Puccinellia maritima ORCHIDACEAE (Common Salt-marsh Grass / Andelgras) Dactylorhiza maculata Common, native. Saltmarsh. First recorded 1895. (Heath Spotted-Orchid / Geflecktes Knabenkraut) Setaria viridis First recorded before 1961, last recorded between (Green Bristle-grass / Grüne Borstenhirse) 1987-1992. Rare, introduced. Wasteplaces. First recorded 1876. Dactylorhiza majalis agg. Spartina anglica (Western Marsh-orchid / Breitblättriges Knabenkraut) (Common Cord-grass / Salz-Schlickgras) Recorded only between 1987-1992. Common, introduced. Lower saltmarsh. First recorded 1812. Epipactis helleborine Trisetum flavescens (Broad Helleborine / Breitblättrige Stendelwurz) (Yellow Oat-grass / Wiesen-Goldhafer) Rare, Pine plantation. Only one plant found in one year First recorded 1899, last recorded between 1987-1992. and not refound subsequently. Recorded only between Vulpia bromoides 2005-2007. (Squirreltail Fescue / Trespen-Federschwingel) Goodyera repens Rare, casual. Margins of a carpark. The car park of a house (Creeping Lady's-tresses / Kriechendes Netzblatt) west of Nebel. First recorded 1953. Recorded only 1954 Vulpia myuros Hammarbya paludosa (Rat's-tail Fescue / Mäuseschwanz-Fuchsschwingel) (Bog Orchid / Weichwurz) Rare, introduced. Margins of a carpark. Near the minigolf in Rare, native. Boggy dune slacks. First recorded 1860. Norddorf. Recorded only between 2005-2007. Listera cordata (Lesser Twayblade / Kleines Zweiblatt) SPARGANIACEAE First recorded 1937, last recorded 1954 Sparganium emersum (Unbranched Bur-reed / Einfacher Igelkolben) First recorded 1912, last recorded between 1960-1986

TYPHACEAE Typha angustifolia (Lesser Bulrush / Schmalblättriger Rohrkolben) Rare, Ditches and wet dune slacks. First recorded between 1960-1986.

Page 22 Flora of Amrum

References 1. Christiansen, W. (1967) Flora der Nordfriesischen Inseln. Cram, de Gruyter and Co., Hamburg. 2. Petersen, J. (2000): Die Dünentalvegetation der Wattenmeer-Inseln in der südlichen Nordsee. Eine pflanzensoziologische und ökologische Vergleichsuntersuchung unter Berücksichtigung von Nutzung und Naturschutz. - 336 S., Husum. 3. Stace, C. A. (1997): New Flora of the British Isles (2nd edn). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4. Türk, W. (1991) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Vegetationsverhältnisse der Nordfriesischen Insel Amrum. Pflanzengesellschaften der Geest und Marsch. Tuexenia 11: 149-170. 5. Türk, W. (1994) Flora und Vegetation der Insel Amrum - Bestand, Wandel und Gefährdung. Schr. Naturw. Verein Schleswig-Holstein, 64: 17-89. 6. Türk, W. (1995) Pflanzengesellschaften und Vegetationsmosaike der Insel Amrum. Tuexenia 15: 245-294. 7. Kollmann, J. (1998): Die Rubus-Flora der Nordfriesischen Insel Amrum, Tuexenia, 18: 95-102.