Identification: Climbing vines up to 6ft. Long
Leaves have 10-20 lance-shaped leaflets
20-60 purplish flowers
Impacts: Increase landscaping & maintenance costs
Forms dense mats and climbs other plants, choking out native vegetation.
Can alter soil conditions through nitrogen fixation.
Control Methods: Mecanical Hand Pulling Herbicide Competition Biological (Tillage/Mowing) Effective with small Repeated tillage/ Herbicides Maximizing the competiveness Bio-control requires infestations if treat- Mowing can be an can provide of desired plants by adding or a very large estab- ment is repeated effective control. effective adjusting fertilizers, pH, seeding lished infestation and several times per control. rates, watering, insect/disease is a very lengthy year for several control, etc. can be effective in process along with years. reducing weedy species. relatively high envi- ronmental risks.
Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage invasive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. "IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks." National IPM Network Hempnettle (Galeopsis bifida )
Identification :
6” – 3 feet high
Purple to white flowers
Opposite, oblong, serrated leaves
Often mistaken as Mint
Impacts:
Major agriculture and garden weed that can significantly reduce productivity
Once established it is difficult to control
Each plant can produce up to 2,800 seeds which can remain viable for several years.
Control Methods: Mecanical Hand Pulling Herbicide Competition Biological (Tillage/Mowing) Effective with Not Effective - till- Herbicides Maximizing the competiveness of de- Bio-control requires a small infestations if ing can bring seeds can provide sired plants by adding or adjusting fer- very large established in- treatment is re- to the surface and effective con- tilizers, pH, seeding rates, watering, in- festation and is a very peated several cause another flush trol. sect/disease control, etc. can be effec- lengthy process along times per year for of hempnettle. tive in reducing weedy species. with relatively high envi- several years ronmental risks.
Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage invasive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. "IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks." National IPM Network Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris )
Identification:
Up to 2 ½ feet high
Yellow flowers w/ orange throat 1-2 inches long in dense terminal clusters
Alternate, narrow, pale green leaves
Has creeping rhizomes
Often mistaken as snapdragons
Impacts:
Persistent and aggressive invader capable of forming dense colonies.
Mildly poisonous to livestock
Alternate host for plant disease Control Methods: Mecanical Hand Pulling (Tillage/ Herbicide Competition Biological Mowing) Effective with Effective in Herbicide can be Maximizing the com- Bio-control requires a small infestations if eliminating very effective, es- petiveness of desired very large established in- treatment is re- seed produc- pecially when plants by adding or adjust- festation and is a very peated several tion. used as a follow- ing fertilizers, pH, seeding lengthy process along times per year for up to other con- rates, watering, insect/ with a relatively high en- several years. trol methods. disease control, etc. can be vironmental risks. effective in reducing weedy species.
Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage invasive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. "IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks." National IPM Network Steve Hurst, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bugwood.org Database, Bugwood.org PLANTS NRCS USDA Hurst, Steve Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis )
Identification:
2-4 feet tall w/ extensive rhizomes
Alternate, lanceolate leaves, 2½-16 inches long w/ prickly margins
1-2 inch wide yellow flowers
All plant parts have milky white sap
Impacts:
Prolific seeder
Rhizome fragments produce new plants
Resistant to some common herbicides, making control difficult
Michael Rasy, University of Alaska, Bugwood.org Can form dense stands, significantly reducing water and nutrient resources. Control Methods: Mecanical Hand Pulling Herbicide Competition Biological (Tillage/Mowing) Not Effective, root Repeated mowing can Effective, but Maximizing the competive- Bio-control requires a fragments can pro- deplete nutrient reserves resistant to ness of desired plants by very large established duce new plants. and reduce seed produc- some com- adding or adjusting fertiliz- infestation and is a Should only be done tion. Tillage is not ef- mon broad- ers, pH, seeding rates, wa- very lengthy process if the infestation is fective and may increase leaf herbi- tering, insect/disease con- along with a relatively small and w/ young spread. cides. trol, etc. can be effective in high environmental undeveloped root sys- reducing weedy species. risks. tems.
Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage invasive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. "IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks." National IPM Network Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., www.ipmimages.org www.ipmimages.org Inc., Services, Old, XID Richard Tom Heutte, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Bugwood.org Service, Forest USDA Tom Heutte, White Sweetclover (Melilotus alba )
Identification: biennial plant 2 to 5+ feet tall Trifoliate, alternate leaves, ½ - 2 inches long Many white flowered terminal and auxiliary racemes Impacts : Lures pollinators away from native flowers Out-competes native vegetation Forms dense stands Alters soil conditions by fixing nitrogen and changing sedimentation rates of river ecosystems Alternate host for plant viruses Can produce up to 350,000 seed per Michael Shephard, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org plant
Control Methods: Mecanical Hand Pulling Herbicide Competition Biological (Tillage/Mowing) Effective with Effective with sev- Effective, but Sweetclover Maximizing the competiveness Bio-control has small infesta- eral treatments often invades areas (i.e. of desired plants by adding or not been inves- tions and re- over several years floodplains) which have too adjusting fertilizers, pH, seeding tigated because peated treat- to deplete the seed many environmental risks rates, watering, insect/disease sweetclover is ments bank. or limited access to use control, etc. can be effective in valued as a for- chemical control reducing weedy species. age crop.
Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage invasive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. "IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks." National IPM Network ages.org ages.org Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Bugwood.org University, State Utah Dewey, Steve Michael Shephard, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryim Service, Forest USDA Shephard, Michael Foxtail Barley (Hordeum jubatum )
Identification: Annual or biennial plant Has greenish-reddish spikes on the seed head Numerous bristle-like awns 1 – 4 inches long Impacts : Although it is considered a native species to parts of Alaska, it is thought to be invasive in areas of human disturbance Michael Shephard, USDA Forest Service, www.forestryimages.org Can cause physical harm to pets, livestock, and wildlife Difficult to control in pastures, hay land, and other grassy areas Control Methods: Mecanical Hand Pulling Herbicide Competition Biological (Tillage/Mowing) Effective in small in- Repeated tillage is Effective, but Maximizing the com- Bio-control requires festations. Seeds must an effective control. not if foxtail is petiveness of desired a very large estab- be destroyed, or will Repeated mowing growing with plants by adding or adjust- lished infestation and likely become mature/ can be a fair control a grass crop. ing fertilizers, pH, seeding is a very lengthy viable after being method. rates, watering, insect/ process along with pulled. disease control, etc. can be relatively high envi- effective in reducing ronmental risks. weedy species. Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage invasive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. "IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks." National IPM Network Steve Dewey, Utah State University, www.ipmimages.org www.ipmimages.org University, State Utah Dewey, Steve Dave Powell, USDA Forest Service, www.ipmimages.org www.ipmimages.org Service, Forest Powell, USDA Dave Ornamental Jewelweed (Impatiens glandulifera)
Identification: -Herbaceous annual plant growing 3 to 6 ft tall -Stems erect, hollow, reddish & multi branched -Leaves are large, simple, oblong & about 6 inches long & sharply toothed -One inch flowers in sparse clusters -Flower color from white to pink Impact: -Aggressive competitor, replaces na- tive species -Forms dense stands, can alter water flow -Negative impact on pollinators & Control Methods: wildlife habitat Hand Pulling Mechanical Herbicide Competition Biological Small infestations Mowing and cut- Can be effective if Maximizing the competive- No specific biologi- Can be effective if ting can work if applied before ness of desired plants by cal control agents done before seed done before the flowering adding or adjusting fertiliz- are known a this is set, and must be seed is set and ers, pH, seeding rates, wa- time cut below the low- below the lowest tering, insect/disease con- est node, close to node trol, etc. can be effective in the soil, plant is reducing weedy species shallow rooted
Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage inva- sive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. “IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks” National IPM Network
Caution! Caution! Caution! Kenai Soil and Water Conservation District Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
Identification: - Perennial that grows one to five feet tall - Ridged branching stems - Woolly hairs on underside - Leaves arise directly from stem are alternate & margin spiny - Flowers purple or pink - Very deep seated root system Impact: - Reduces forage - Competitor for light, moisture - & nutrients - Forms dense patches, spreads quickly - Crowds out forage grasses Control Methods: Hand Pulling Mechanical Herbicide Competition Biological Cut before June, Do NOT cultivate Consistent Maximizing the competive- Maintain a healthy least root reserves, or till until plants mowing can ness of desired plants by pasture, do not over cut re-growth each have been con- increase effective- adding or adjusting fertiliz- graze, closely moni- trolled. Herbicide time buds appear, combine with ness of herbicide ers, pH, seeding rates, wa- tored goats and carefully dig up mowing to weaken because it weak- tering, insect/disease con- sheep can be used. new plants, root. Follow– up & ens root system. trol, etc. can be effective in follow-up required carefully cleaning Control entire in- reducing weedy species of equipment festation needed
Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage inva- sive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. “IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks” National IPM Network
Caution! Caution! Caution! Kenai Soil and Water Conservation District Common Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare)
Identification: - Aromatic perennial 2 to 6 feet tall, purplish stems - Each flower head has 20-200 button-like disk flowers - Alternate leaves, deeply toothed, appear fern-like in spring - Impact: - Mildly toxic to animals & humans - Spreads in pastures, roadsides & streambanks by both seed & rhizomes or in hay - Few natural predators, Control Methods: Hand Pulling Mechanical Herbicide Competition Biological Mildly toxic plant, Mowing will Selective Maximizing the competive- No known Use gloves not control Broadleaf ness of desired plants by biological control Plants must be common tansy. Herbicides during adding or adjusting fertiliz- for common tansy bagged, seeds re- Can re-sprout active growth, do ers, pH, seeding rates, wa- exists at this time main viable after same year not mow until af- tering, insect/disease con- pulling. Cultivation can ter weeds are trol, etc. can be effective in Follow up re- be effective brown & dead reducing weedy species quired for many years Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage inva- sive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. “IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks” National IPM Network
Caution! Caution! Caution! Kenai Soil and Water Conservation District Narrowleaf Hawksbeard (Crepis tectorum L.)
Identification: - Shallow rooted, annual, can reach height of 3 feet -Stem single, branched, erect, hairless and quite leafy -Yellow flower-heads up to 1 inch -Primarily found in fields, pas- tures, roadsides and waste areas Impact: -Competes with seedlings, forage plants, cereals & oilseeds -Spreads in riparian areas and dis- turbed lands --Reduces water availability -Displaces native colonizers on disturbed lands Control Methods: Hand Pulling Mechanical Herbicide Competition Biological Can be pulled by Can be con- Options Available Maximizing the com- No biological in hand in small in- trolled by petiveness of desired State at this time festations - repeated plants by adding or ad- Bag plants, seeds mowing justing fertilizers, pH, are viable for up to Should be five years monitored for seeding rates, watering, Re-growth insect/disease control, etc. can be effective in reducing weedy species Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage inva- sive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. “IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks” National IPM Network
Caution! Caution! Caution! Kenai Soil and Water Conservation District Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)
Identification: - Perennial 1 to 3 feet tall - Shallow, branched rhizomes & adventitious roots - Leaves small & coarsely toothed - Flowers middle of June to August yellow centered white flower heads Impact: - Problems in pasture, & crop lands creating loss of production - Reduced carrying capacity - Forms dense populations - Increases soil erosion Control Methods: Hand Pulling Mechanical Herbicide Competition Biological Only works with Shallow root, 2, 4-D type her- Maximizing the competive- Horses, sheep and small patches. can be killed by bicides work ness of desired plants by add- goats will eat Must be bagged intensive culti- Nitrogen fertil- ing or adjusting fertilizers, Check wild seed and removed vation izer has also pH, seeding rates, watering, mixes for plant from site—site Mowing has lim- worked while insect/disease control, etc. Do not let plant go must be ited success, increasing grass can be effective in reducing to seed re-seeded and needs follow-up cover weedy species on-going follow- for new growth up at site Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage inva- sive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. “IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks” National IPM Network
Caution! Caution! Caution! Kenai Soil and Water Conservation District Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea biebersteinii)
Identification: - Biennial plant 1 to 3 feet tall - Stout taproot - Basal rosettes - Leaves alternate 2 to 6 inches long - Pink to purple ray florets, Solitary at end of stem Impact: - Forms dense stands - Reduces vigor of native plants - Reduces plant diversity
Control Methods: Hand Pulling Mechanical Herbicide Competition Biological Effective if there Mowing will For large or Maximizing the competive- Goats are is follow-up sev- not control knap- established ness of desired plants by effective and must eral times per year weed infestations adding or adjusting fertiliz- be on the land for for several years, Selective broad- ers, pH, seeding rates, wa- several years best before flower- leaf herbicides tering, insect/disease con- ing, use shovel trol, etc. can be effective in reducing weedy species
Preventative and early detection rapid response methods are always the most effective and cheapest ways to manage inva- sive species. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) usually yields the best results for control after an infestation has occurred. “IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks” National IPM Network
Caution! Caution! Caution! Kenai Soil and Water Conservation District