Order Perissodactyla

• Family Equidae • Genus Equus • Family Tapiridae • Genus Tapirus • Family Rhinocerotidae • Genus Diceros

*All have unguligrade and mesaxonic limbs Family Equidae

Genus: Equus Horses, asses, zebras Family Elongated skull with large Equidae angular region Hypsodont teeth with complex grinding surfaces Herbivorous Range: (introduced) worldwide Family Tapiridae

Genus: Tapirus Tapirs Family Reduced nasal bones Tapiridae Brachydont teeth with π- shaped loph pattern Herbivorous Range: Mexico, Central America, South America, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra Family Rhinocerotidae

Genus: Diceros Family Rhinoceroses Rhinocerotidae Thick and enlarged nasal bones with roughened texture where horn is supported High occipital crest Herbivorous Range: Africa and Asia Order Artiodactyla • Family Suidae • Family Giraffidae • Genus Sus • Genus Giraffa • Family Tayassuidae • Family Cervidae • Genus Tayassu • Genus Cervus • Family Hippopotamidae • Genus Odocoileus • Genus Hippopotamus • Genus Alces • Family Camelidae • Family Antilocapridae • Genus Camelus • Genus Antilocapra • Genus Lama • Family Bovidae • Family Tragulidae • Genus Bison • Genus Tragulus • Genus Ovis • Genus Ovibos Order Artiodactyla Family Suidae Genus: Sus Pigs and hogs Family Long, sloping skull with large paraoccipital Suidae processes Bunodont molars Large upper canines that often form tusks Omnivorous Range: (introduced) worldwide Family Tayassuidae Genus: Tayassu Family Peccaries Generally smaller Tayassuidae than Suidae 3 toes on hind feet Omnivorous (less carnivorous than Suidae) Range: Southwest US to central Argentina Note: tusks on Sus flare out, tusks on Tayassu go straight downward Family Hippopotamidae Genus: Hippopotamus Hippopotamuses Family Large mouth and Hippopotamidae complete postorbital bar Bunodont molars with tusk-like incisors and canines Herbivorous Range: Africa south of the Sahara Family Camelidae

Genus: Camelus Family Camelidae Genus: Lama Camels, guanaco, Family llama, alpaca, vicuna Camelidae Complete postorbital bar Selenodont teeth with procumbent lower incisors Herbivorous Range: Africa, Asia, South America Family Tragulidae Genus: Tragulus Chevrotains and mouse deer Family Small (for an Tragulidae artiodactyl) Selenodont teeth with well-developed upper canines Herbivorous Range: Africa, Asia, Indonesia, India Family Giraffidae Genus: Giraffa Family Giraffidae

Giraffes and okapi Herbivorous Range: Africa south of the Sahara Family Cervidae Genus: Cervus

Note: Cervus has upper canine, Odocoileus does not Family Cervidae Genus: Odocoileus Family Cervidae Genus: Alces

Note: nasal bones pushed well back Deer Family Cervidae Vacuity between nasal and lacrimal bones Selenodont teeth Herbivorous Range: (introduced) worldwide Family Antilocapridae Genus: Antilocapra Family Pronghorn Antilocapridae Herbivorous Similar to Bovidae but with forked horns Selenodont teeth Range: western North America Family Bovidae Genus: Bison Family Bovidae Genus: Ovis Family Bovidae Genus: Ovibos Family Bovidae

Cattle, sheep, goats, antelope, bison, buffalo, etc. Most widespread and diverse family of ungulates Hypsodont and selenodont teeth with no upper incisors or canines Range: (introduced) worldwide