Kibo Utilization Activities in Asia‐Pacific region
SEMINAR SPACE: Infinite Assets for All Humankind International Space Research in Microgravity, Facilities and Capabilities May 26, 2017 @Bangkok, Thailand
Fumiaki TANIGAKI Japanese Experiment Module “Kibo” Utilization Center, JAXA Promote Kibo utilization in Asia‐Pacific region
APRSAF was established in 1993 to enhance space activities in the Asia‐Pacific region. APRSAF is the largest space‐related conference in the Asia‐Pacific region with participation from over 40 countries. It currently organizes four working groups Space Environment Space Technology Space Applications Space Education Utilization WG WG WG WG
Under Space Environment Utilization WG (SEUWG), new collaborative initiative “KIBO‐ABC” 1st Step 2nd Step was established to promote “Kibo” Terms of reference Bilateral Agreement utilization in the Asia‐Pacific (TOR) among member between JAXA and a region and to share and build countries proposed country outcomes. Understanding of Creation of Bilateral Bilateral Projects Projects Capacity building New space Bringing innovative experiment missions ideas Asian Try Zero‐G mission 1 Space Environment and Kibo Utilization Workshop in Thailand
< KUOA website > http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/kuoa/ < Workshop on Feb. 9‐10, 2017 >
2 Asian Try Zero‐G 2016 by Takuya ONISHI
With the goal of promoting manned space experiments aboard “Kibo”, Japanese astronauts have been conducting selected small experiments covering the themes proposed by students and young scientist in Asia‐Pacific region. This program also develop the skills needed for feasibility studies for creating Kibo experiments. Kibo‐ABC member agencies work on the screening of proposals according to selection method. After the safety review and feasibility assessments by JAXA, the final selection is determined by member agencies. The four Asian Try Zero‐G projects were conducted by Japanese astronauts; Satoshi Furukawa in 2011, Akihiko Hoshide in 2012, Koichi Wakata in 2014, and Kimiya Yui in 2015. In September 2016, five experiments proposed from six countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) were conducted by Japanese astronaut Takuya Onishi. Proposers from Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand visited the Mission Control Room in JAXA Tsukuba Space Center to observe and join in the real time operation of their experiments with their Kibo‐ABC member agencies.
Surface tension, Buoyancy, Capillary, Magnus effect, Paper plane. etc T. Onishi performing onboard Kibo Proposers observing experiments Press conference at JAXA 3 Asian Try Zero‐G 2018 by N. KANAI
Japanese astronaut Norishige KANAI will stay onboard the ISS from December 2017. He will conduct the selected simple experiments proposed by students in Asia-Pacific region. (Asian Try Zero-G mission) Country : Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippine, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam Call for Proposal in each country Applicant Category ●Category 1; Students, under 18 years old ●Category 2; Young scientists, under 27 years old Selection Method ① Initial screening (by each country) now ② Final selection (by all Kibo-ABC members) < Screening Criteria > Materials or instrument to be utilized are available onboard and simple Crew time is reasonable Entire procedure complies with safety requirements The crew can operate the procedure. Preparation of flight hardware, procedure, safety review, etc Experiments will be performed by Astronaut Kanai in 2018 4 The latest Status of Kibo Utilization in Japan
SEMINAR SPACE: Infinite Assets for All Humankind International Space Research in Microgravity, Facilities and Capabilities May 26, 2017 @Bangkok, Thailand
Fumiaki TANIGAKI Japanese Experiment Module “Kibo” Utilization Center, JAXA New policy to maximize Kibo utilization outcomes
Since 2015, JAXA has pursued the following new policy to maximize outcome from utilization of the ISS/Kibo. 1. Increase both the quantity and quality of Kibo utilization services. 2. Identify and prioritize prospective utilization areas as “platforms” and make them available to various users. The four platforms are: ① Supporting research on new drug design ② Supporting research on aging‐like phenomena ③ Promoting small satellites deployment ④ Promoting various uses of the Kibo Exposed Facility, etc. 3. Implement a new collaborative framework between Japan and the U.S. called “JP‐U.S. Open Platform Partnership Program” (JP‐US OP3). 6 6 New policy to maximize Kibo utilization outcomes
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024
Phase Searching prospect Kibo utilization Establish new platforms Expansion
‐ Life/physical sciences Platform for supporting research on new drug Kibo PF‐1 Internal ‐ Space medicine, human research design (e.g. high quality protein crystallization) Facility ‐ Technology development Platform for supporting research on aging‐like ‐ Applied research PF‐2 phenomena (e.g. rodent research) ‐ Commercial use Other platforms will be defined in the future. Fundamental research, technology development, space medicine etc. are promoted as well.
Kibo ‐ MAXI (All‐sky X‐ray monitoring) Platform for promoting small satellites PF‐3 External ‐ SEDA‐AP (space environment data) deployment Facility ‐ SMILES (global atmosphere obs.) Platform for promoting various uses of the ‐ MCE (consolidated PF‐4 the Kibo Exposed Facility missions) ‐ CALET (calorimetric electron telescope) ‐ ExHAM (exposing samples to space)
7 7 PF‐1 Platform for supporting research on new drug design ‐ High‐quality Protein Crystallization in Kibo ‐
High-quality crystallization in space Structural Analysis on Earth On Earth In space Unraveling molecular structures affecting diseases
Less convection & disturbance ⇒ Improved crystal quality (close to or exceeding 1Å) Structure Based Drug Design Example of outcome Effective exploration of Detailed target protein structure drug candidates (keys) of muscular dystrophy with apparent structure of disease-causing Contributing to Drug protein (keyhole) compound candidate exploration for drug candidates Japanese Pharmaceutical companies started to utilize Protein Crystallization in “KIBO” for their research from 2014. Credit: Yoshihiro Urade, Tsukuba university 8 PF‐1 Platform for supporting research on new drug design ‐ Cooperation with world‐leading drug biopharmaceutical companies‐ JAXA and PeptiDream Inc. have reached a fee‐based agreement on a comprehensive cooperation for the high‐quality protein crystal growth experiment on Kibo (news release on February 24, 2016). PeptiDream is a Japanese world‐leading company in the field of drug discovery. PeptiDream is focusing on its unprecedented drug discovery platform and the use of cyclic non‐standard peptides. This comprehensive research collaboration could accelerate structural studies on medically important proteins along with the candidate drugs. PeptiDream and JAXA both intend to help achieve better human healthcare by creating innovative drugs for the world from Japan.
A non‐standard cyclic peptide bound to a target protein 9 9 PF‐2 Aims of JAXA Life Science Research
Human Rapid changes: bone loss, muscle atrophy etc. Human Exploration Ethical, experimental limitations Building‐up scientific Biological effect (gravity, radiation) knowledge bases to Genetic, tissue analysis expand human activity Accumulation of ground data into space Various cutting‐edge analyses
Strategic national lifescience researches Epigenomic changes due to environmental factors Model Regenerative medicine organism Pathway analysis for drug Aging mechanism
Fundamental researches Expand Kibo life science research Gravitational biology
~2009 2015 2024 10 PF‐2 Platform supporting research on aging‐like phenomena
Space is an accelerated platform for aging research for animals that can help us understand the mechanisms of aging‐like phenomena and develop methods of prevention. In order to investigate such effects in detail, JAXA Accelerated bone loss and muscle atrophy in space established a new rodent research capability in Kibo. Model organisms (space experiment results using rats, mice, and fish) One of unique features is Large rearing mice in both Muscle atrophy 40% 10‐30 in space microgravity and artificial times gravity conditions to compare faster Bone loss in gravitational effects. space 20% Elderly on JAXA anticipates international 20‐fold severe decrease collaboration to fulfill Earth
Amount of Decrease 0 Short outcomes beneficial to human 300 days 30 days 3 days health on Earth and future human space activities. Time to observed
11 PF‐2 Unique features of rodent research capability
Comparison between micro‐G and JAXA’s new rodent research facility on ISS/Kibo artificial‐G (1G) conditions in space Rearing in Kibo Centrifuge- equipped Provide the world’s first long‐term Micro biological exp. gravity facility artificial gravity environment for section mammals in space. (6 mice)
Artificial gravity section Individual habitat (1 mouse per cage) (6 mice) Capable of providing a uniform rearing environment of each mouse to minimize variance in growth, Launch Return 12 prevent physical contact (e.g. 12 mice mice alive fighting), and monitor the behavior of an individual mouse. Launch site Return site in 2016 The first JAXA rodent mission demonstrated Return live mice to earth 1) successful live return of all mice after a Skilled researchers can dissect mice long‐term (35 days) rearing in space, for detailed analysis using cutting‐ 2) long‐term mammalian rearing in edge techniques. artificial gravity condition, and so on for the first time in the world.
12 PF‐2 JAXA Rodent Research
First experiment using MHU: “Mouse Epigenetics” in 2016 Transcriptome analysis and germ cell development analysis of mice in the space • To identify the long‐term effects of the space environment on epigenetic changes of DNA • To clarify the impact of the space environment on mammalian germ cells by production of offspring using the sperm stressed in the space
Behavior observation Space environment Live return
Post-landing: Dissection male mice Identify the long-term effects in Ground different organs
Pre-launch: Acclimation
Offspring using sperm Clarify the impact of the space from space mice environment on next generations 13 PF‐2 Aquatic Biology Research
Results of the first aquatic habitat experiment in 2012, showed 24% decrease in the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in teeth of space‐ flown medaka fish compared with the fish sample on the ground. (Chatani et al, Scientific Reports, 2014) Bone mineral density This observation of accelerated and 56‐days aquatic habitat exp. in Kibo severe change of bone loss will be decreased 24% in space beneficial for research on aging‐like phenomenon on Earth, such as osteoporosis. This was archived by Kibo’s unique capability of successful long‐term (56 days) rearing of vertebrates in space. In addition to the bone, histological and genetic analyses were Fluorescence images of bone (teeth). conducted for six tissues: brain, eye, Green: a marker of osteoclasts; Red: a marker of osteoblasts ovary, testis, liver and intestine. (Murata et al, PLoS One, 2015) Reported on 10 newspapers and 2 TV news. 14 1414 Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF)
Melt and solidification by containerless processing with heating laser. Use Coulomb force between charged sample and electrodes. High speed feed‐back for position control without container. Measure thermophysical properties (density, surface tension, viscosity) which were hard to obtain with conventional methods. Data obtainable anytime in an Electrostatic Low Temp High Temp levitator on the ground. Conductors EML(ESA) ELF on ISS was launched in 2015. Initial (Metal, Function Checkout is on going. Alloy) Only ELF can process High temperature in Insulators ELF(JAXA) insulator materials (Oxides)
Materials map covered by levitators in the ISS 15 Kibo Pressurized (internal) Utilization Facilities
SAIBO Rack High Definition TV System KOBAIRO Rack
CBEF (Cell Biology 4K Ultra Super Sensitive GHF (Gradient Heating CB (Clean HDV CAM HDV CAM Experiment Facility) Furnace) Bench) MHU (Mouse Habitat Unit)
FPEF PCRF Fluorescence Microscope
IPU SCOF FROST J-SSOD (On-board (Small Satellite Orbit Deployer) Refrigerator)
Multi-purpose Small Payload Rack 1,2 RYUTAI Rack
ELF (Electrostatic FPEF CCE AQH Levitation (Fluid Physics IPU SCOF (Solution PCRF (Protein (Chamber for (AQuatic Habitat) Furnace) Experiment (Image Crystallization Crystallization MSPR Combustion Observation Research Facility) Processing Unit) Experiment） Facility) Facility) 16 PF‐3 Platform for promoting small satellites deployment ‐ JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer (J‐SSOD) ‐
JAXA provides opportunities for launching small satellites with the purposes： To contribute for easy and fast launch and operation of small satellites by private enterprises and universities, expanding the application of the space development and capacity building. To promote a new industry with space development by using the small satellites. To improve the developing countries space technology.
17 PF‐3 Platform for promoting small satellites deployment ‐ JAXA’s first successful of 50 kg‐class microsatellite deployment ‐
JAXA, Tohoku University, Hokkaido University, the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) of the Republic of the Philippines, and the University of the Philippines Diliman, successfully deployed “DIWATA‐1,” the first Philippines microsatellite. The development and manufacture of the DIWATA‐1, the first satellite developed by the Philippines, was led by young engineers dispatched by the Philippines’ DOST, along with guidance from Tohoku and Hokkaido Universities. With this first successful deployment of deploying a 50 kg‐class microsatellite, JAXA enhanced its deployment capacity in addition to that of the CubeSat‐class satellite. JAXA plans to increase the simultaneous deployment capacity of the CubeSat‐ class satellites from the current 6U/12U to 18U. JAXA expects that the use and operation of microsatellites will further expand in the Asian region and beyond.
DIWATA‐1 deployment from the Kibo robot arm Staff watching DIWATA‐1 deployment at Tsukuba Space Center 18 PF‐3 Small satellite deployment mission (J‐SSOD)
JAXA encourage international applicants to collaborate with Japanese universities orprivate enterprises.
More than 150 satellites have been deployed from Kibo and JAXA is promoting more deployment opportunities.
Kibo CUBE United Nations and JAXA launched joint initiative “KiboCUBE” which will offer small satellite deployment opportunities from Kibo in order to facilitate improved space technologies in developing countries. (CubeSat (1U)/ once a year 2017‐2019)
19 PF‐4 Platform for promoting various use of the Kibo Exposed Facility
Kibo has a unique Exposed Facility (EF) with an Airlock (AL) and a Remote Manipulator System (JEMRMS), and has a high capacity to exchange experimental equipment.
JEM Exposed Facility (JEM EF) ①JEM Remote Manipulator System Components and Experiment Equipment (JEMRMS) JEMRMS is a robotic arm used to exchange ② ⑤ experimental equipments and deploy small satellite. ① ③ ②JEM Airlock This airlock is used to transfer equipment ④ between a pressurized module an Exposed Facility.
③JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer (J‐SSOD) ④IVA‐replaceable Small Exposed Experiment Platform (i‐SEEP) ⑤Exposed Experiment Handrail Attachment Mechanism (ExHAM) 2020 PF‐4 Scientific Research of Exposed Facility
CALET MAXI (CALorimetric Electron Telescope) (Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image)
Launched by H‐IIB/HTV5 in 2015 Launched by STS‐127 in 2009 CALET is astrophysics mission that searches for The MAXI investigation is designed to continuously signatures of dark matter and provides the highest monitor, through a systematic survey, X‐ray sources and energy direct measurements of the cosmic ray electron variabilities as the International Space Station (ISS) spectrum in order to observe discrete sources of high orbits Earth. MAXI is comprised of a couple highly energy particle acceleration in our local region of the sensitive X‐ray detectors, the Gas Slit Camera (GSC) and Galaxy. the Solid‐state Slit Camera (SSC). Besides the goal of JAXA and Waseda University started global‐leading performing a complete sky survey, this research helps to direct electron observations in the extremely high‐ address fundamental astrophysics questions and allows energy region of Tera electron volt (TeV, one trillion researchers to better understand the current state and electron volts) CALET in October, 2015. evolution of our Universe.
MAXI all-sky map [Image credit:RIKEN,JAXA,MAXI team]
Onset of relativistic jet from a black hole consuming a star.
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[Image credit:NASA/Swift] X-rays afterglow of huge gamma-ray bursts [Image credit of ※:RIKEN,JAXA,MAXI team] 21 PF‐4 Platform for promoting various use of the Kibo Exposed Facility ‐ Exposed Experiment Handrail Attachment Mechanism (ExHAM) ‐ Material exposure mission (ExHAM)
ExHAM provides easier and more frequent IKAROS opportunities for small sized experiments.
Thin‐film Solar Cell
Future Solar Power Carbon Composite Mirror Sail Mission ISS/JEM Reflectivity Control Device (Sample) Exposure Test Reinforcing Tape Compare the data of ground environmental tests with a Compare the data of IKAROS sample exposure & return with a sample exposure & experiment return experiment
ExHAM Sample
Future Space Telescope and Antenna Future Solar Power Sail Mission Lightweight and High‐Precision Carbon Composite Mirrors Functional Thin Film Devices for Future Solar Sail Mission (CFRP Mirror) 22 PF‐4 Platform for promoting various use of the Kibo Exposed Facility ‐ IVA‐replaceable Small Exposed Experiment Platform (i‐SEEP) ‐
The platform (i‐SEEP) was launched and onboard checkout was successfully completed. Payloads can be launched through any ISS transportation vehicles (HTV, Dragon, Cygnus and Progress) as an internal cargo contained in soft bag. The platform is usable for technical demonstration of i-SEEP various sensors or a test bed. (without payload) The platform also allows us to expose samples or devices outside the ISS, exchange them, and then return them to the Earth easily and frequently. Payload can be launched in a soft bag 23 Japan‐U.S. New cooperation framework ‐ Japan‐U.S. Open Platform Partnership Program (JP‐US OP3) ‐ On December 22, 2015, the Japanese and U.S. governments agreed on a new cooperation framework for the ISS Program. Japan decided to extend its participation in the ISS operations until 2024. An outline of JP‐US OP3 is as follows: 1. Development of a new initiative for ISS operations that enhance Japan‐U.S. cooperation Promotion of mutual utilization of experiment facilities (including experimental data) along with collaborative research inside and outside of the ISS / Kibo. 2. Increased cooperation in the Asia‐Pacific region From left to right, Mr. Hiroshi Hase, 3. Promotion of new uses for the ISS: Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology; Mr. Fumio (a) As a platform for technology demonstration, such as Kishida, Minister for Foreign Affairs; Ms. support of a Japanese technology demonstration to Aiko Shimajiri, Minister of State for capture a non‐functional space object. Space Policy; and Ms. Caroline Kennedy, U.S. Ambassador to Japan. (b) Utilization of the operational opportunities of the H‐II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) and HTV‐X. JAXA and NASA are 4. Promotion of utilization of effective and efficient pursuing space‐related technologies. implementation of JP‐US OP3. 24 For more technical information http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/kuoa/
KUOA website
25 Summary ‐ Towards further collaboration ‐ In order to maximize utilization outcomes of ISS/Kibo, JAXA identified and prioritized prospective utilization areas as “platforms”. JAXA has been accumulating various Kibo utilization outcomes: Research activities contributing to human health on Earth Commercial use of both internal and external facility (fee‐base) Small satellite deployment contributing to international collaboration JAXA would like to promote collaboration with countries in the Asia‐Pacific region. A national level activity is recommended to proceed smoothly. 26 ขอบคุณ ครับ (Khob khun Krab)
↓ KIBO