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Synthesis and Characterization of Polyesteramide Resins from Nahar

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyesteramide Resins from Nahar

Oil/

Synthesis and characterization of polyesteramide from Nahar oil The uses of renewable resources this oil in the field of methyl of the in different fields of applications of polymer alkyd oil by treatment polymers have been increasing day by day preparation. As with diethanol because of world wide improved polyesteramides amine. The environmental concerns and depletion of improve the film synthesized world oil pool. Alkyd resins from different characteristics intermediates and vegetable oils have long been used as compared to resins have been renewable resources in the formation of conventional alkyd characterized by industrially important coating materials resins in terms of IR and 1H NMR for exterior use. The like drying time, hardness, spectroscopic , karanja, Annona squamosa chemical resistance, analysis, and by Linn. (Custard Apple), etc. the scientists at measurement of along with the traditional seeds like Department of Mesua ferrea physico-chemical linseed, , and castor oil Chemical Sciences, properties like have been used successfully for this Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, , acid value, , saponification purpose. synthesized and characterized the value, drying time and Mesua ferrea Linn. (Hindi ⎯ polyesteramide resins based on Nahar seed measurement. The coating performance Nagkesar, Nahar) is a available oil. of the resins was tested by measurement in India, especially in North-East region During experiments three of gloss, pencil hardness, adhesion and of the country, which produces high-oil polyesteramide resins have been chemical resistance.The results showed content seeds (70%). This oil possesses synthesized for the first time from purified better performance of the polyesteramide mainly tri-glycerides of linoleic, oleic, Nahar oil with phthalic anhydride, maleic resins compared to polyester resins of the palmitic and stearic acids. A few attempts anhydride and adipic acid, separately. The oil [Mahapatra S Singha and Karak N, Synthesis have been made in the exploitation of this polyesteramide resins have been and characterization of polyesteramide resins from oil in the field of bio-diesel and medicines, synthesized from N, N-bis-(2- Nahar for surface coating applications, but there is no report on utilization of hydroxyethyl) fatty amide, obtained from Progr Org Coat, 2004, 51(2), 103-108].

Palm oil preparations reduce plasma cholesterol compared to The scientists at University of oil (RPO), deodorized (RBD-PO) (HDL-C) (very low- and low-density lipoprotein) Massachusetts Lowell, USA, Malaysian and a RBD-PO plus red palm oil extract while accumulating less aortic cholesterol Palm Oil Board, and The Wistar (reconstituted RBD-PO) on plasma concentrations compared to hamsters fed Institute, Philadelphia studied the effect cholesterol concentrations and aortic coconut oil [Wilson Thomas A, Nicolosi Robert of refined, bleached and deodorized palm accumulation vs. hamsters fed coconut J, Kotyla Timothy, Sundram Kalyana and Kritchevsky oil (RBD-PO) incorporation into the diet oil. The results revealed that hamsters David, Different palm oil preparations reduce on blood cholesterol concentrations and fed the three palm oil preparations had plasma cholesterol concentrations and aortic cholesterol accumulation compared to coconut oil on the development of atherosclerosis. lower plasma total cholesterol (TC) and in hypercholesterolemic hamsters, J Nutr They studied the influence of red palm non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol Biochem, 2005, 6(10), 633-640].

426 Natural Product Radiance Oil/Fats

Oleoresinous Used oils and fats from seed testa and and their utilization in coconut shell the production of The cost of the raw materials needed for the preparation methyl of of surface coatings is increasing day by day and their availability is higher fatty acids also draining. It is known that utilization of biomaterial wastes in the manufacture of useful end products like varnishes not only solves From the point of view price and available the problem of waste disposal but also can bring down the cost of capacity used frying oils or fats (UFO) represent an end products. attractive raw material for the production of methyl Condensed are polyphenolic compounds that can esters (ME) of higher fatty acids as alternative fuels for be substituted for phenol in the preparation of phenol formaldehyde diesel engines. If they are treated such that the required (PF) type resins. Tannins occur widely in and are widespread quality, with an acidity number up to 3.0 mg KOH/g and especially in woody . Furfural, which can be obtained from a water content up to 0.1 wt%, is achieved they can be the shell and fibre of agrowaste materials, can be used as a substitute processed to ME using standard techniques of alkali- for formaldehyde in the preparation of PF type resins. Phenolic tannins and products based on them have found rewarding industrial catalysed transesterification with methanol which are outlets, notably in the technology of polymeric resins for protective utilized for production of the ME from new oils/fats. and decorative coatings and adhesive applications. There has been The problematic waste can thus be converted to an a report on the production of varnishes from fibre of Palmyra Palm, ecologically friendly fuel. Vacuum of free Linn. (Hindi ⎯ Tar) and dry skin of onion, fatty acids in a film evaporator is an effective method Allium cepa Linn. Researchers at Department of Chemistry, for simultaneously decreasing the content of FFA and Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University, Gandhigram, Tamil water in UFO. Final distillation of raw ME in a film Nadu, India, utilized the seed testa of cashew, Anacardium vacuum evaporator results in practically all parameters occidentale Linn. and shell of coconut, Cocos nucifera Linn. required by the standard, in the final ME being achieved. as sources of tannins and furfural, respectively, in the preparation Undesirable low-temperature properties of ME derived of varnishes. from UFO, due to higher fraction of saturated acyls, can During experiment condensed tannins extracted from the be adjusted by the addition of depressants—flow seed testa of cashew was subjected to phytochemical and spectral improvers for winterization. Some simplified methods studies such as UV and 13C NMR. Shell of coconut on treatment with for the quality control of UFO and ME are discussed. acid yields acid hydroxylates containing furfural which when The conversion of acylglycerols to ME is monitored by condensed with tannins of cashew form phenol–formaldehyde type GLC with a packed column, where the peak areas of ME resins. The spectral and physico-chemical properties of the resins in the sample before and after the reaction with an were studied. Varnishes had been prepared from these resins using effective methylation agent are compared. The method linseed oil/linseed oil–tung oil. The service performances of the for the determination of the water content in esters varnishes including their impedance spectra were evaluated. The utilizes the reaction of calcium carbide with water, the results showed that varnishes with good gloss and chemical resistivity volume of acetylene being measured [Cvengro J Ján and could be prepared from these waste materials [Vinod Kumar KP and Cvengrosová Zuzana, Used frying oils and fats and their utilization in Sethuraman MG, Studies on oleoresinous varnishes and their natural precursors, the production of methyl esters of higher fatty acids, Biomass Progr Org Coat, 2004, 49(3), 244-251]. , 2004, 27(2), 173-181].

Vol 4(5) September-October 2005 427 Oil/Fats

Alternative energy sources from plants of Western Utilization of whole-plant oils as Each sample was subsampled twice. highest among the species analysed. NMR an alternative source of conventional oils Twenty-two taxa of Western Ghats spectra of the hydrocarbon fractions of and major industrial feedstocks is gaining plants were screened as potential Alstonia scholaris R. Br., Carissa greater importance throughout the world. alternative crops for , oil, carandas, Ichnocarpus frutescens There are several reports of plant species hydrocarbon and phytochemicals. The R. Br., Plumeria rubra Linn., evaluated for their potential as an alternate highest hydrocarbon yields were observed Thevetia neriifolia Juss. ex Steud. source of energy and hydrocarbon. in Carissa carandas Linn. (1.7%), (white flowered var.), Vallaris However, no systematic study of Indian and Jatropha gossypifolia Linn. solanacea Kuntze, Catharanthus plant species is available listing their (1.7%). The highest polyphenol fraction roseus (pink flowered var.), potential as alternative sources of energy, was observed in Dodonaea viscosa Euphorbia hirta Linn., E. hydrocarbon and other phytochemicals. Linn. (17.1%), Carissa carandas splendens, Artocarpus integrifolia Therefore, there is a need to screen and (7.7%), Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. and revealed the identify potential species from the Western (6.6%), and Jatropha glandulifera presence of cis-polyisoprene (natural Ghats, , India. This area typifies Roxb. (6.2%). The highest oil content rubber), whereas Argemone mexicana a tropical forest area possessing a rich was observed in Aganosma cymosa showed the presence of trans- flora with about 1100 species of the (Roxb.) G. Don (10.3%), Carissa polyisoprene (gutta). Several new crop possible 2000 species of . carandas (5.8%), and Argemone species were identified with potentially Healthy plant samples belonging to same mexicana Linn. (5.0%). Swietenia useful compounds. The potential exists for agro-climatic zone were collected mahagoni yielded the highest growing these alternate crops in areas of randomly from a minimum of 20-25 content with 8.1%. The gross heat value underutilized lands, subsequently populations with 15-20 plants per of 4175.0 cal/g (17.5 MJ/kg) for stimulating industrial and economic population. Samples consisting of a total Catharanthus roseus G. Don (pink growth [Augustus GDPS, Jayabalan M and Seiler fresh weight of 2000-2500g were bulked flowered var.), and 4112.0 cal/g for GJ, Alternative energy sources from plants of Western into one sample for chemical analyses. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. were the Ghats (Tamil Nadu, India), Biomass Bioenergy, 2003, 24(6), 437-444].

Serum lipid response to introducing ghee as a partial replacement for mustard oil

A team of doctors at Department healthy, young, physically active adult following less healthy lifestyles before the of Physiology, All India Institute of volunteers (52 male, 11 female) to results of this study can be extrapolated Medical Sciences, New Delhi have evaluate serum lipid response on to the general population [Shankar SR, Yadav observed that ghee (clarified ) is introducing ghee as a partial replacement RK, Ray RB, Bijlani RL, Baveja T, Jauhar N, Agarwal generally considered to be for mustard oil in the diet. The study does N, Vashisht S, Mahapatra SC, Mehta N and Manchanda SC, Serum lipid response to hypercholesterolaemic on the basis of its not indicate any adverse effect of ghee on introducing ghee as a partial replacement for composition but there is hardly any study lipoprotein profile. However, more mustard oil in the diet of healthy young Indians, to support or refute the assumption. studies are needed on older subjects, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 2005, 49(1), Hence, they did a study on sixty-three hyperlipidaemic subjects, and on subjects 49-56].

428 Natural Product Radiance

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