Rome, Inc. Campaign Game Replay 27 BCE Scenario
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People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: the Evidence from Egypt
People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: The Evidence from Egypt KYLE HARPER The papyri of Roman Egypt provide some of the most important quantifiable data from a first-millennium economy. This paper builds a new dataset of wheat prices, land prices, rents, and wages over the entire period of Roman control in Egypt. Movements in both nominal and real prices over these centuries suggest periods of intensive and extensive economic growth as well as contraction. Across a timeframe that covers several severe mortality shocks, demographic changes appear to be an important, but by no means the only, force behind changes in factor prices. his article creates and analyzes a time series of wheat and factor Tprices for Egypt from AD 1 to the Muslim conquest, ~AD 641. From the time the territory was annexed by Octavian in 30 BCE until it was permanently taken around AD 641, Egypt was an important part of the Roman Empire. Famously, it supplied grain for the populations of Rome and later Constantinople, but more broadly it was integrated into the culture, society, and economy of the Roman Mediterranean. While every province of the sprawling Roman Empire was distinctive, recent work stresses that Egypt was not peculiar (Bagnall 1993; Rathbone 2007). Neither its Pharaonic legacy, nor the geography of the Nile valley, make it unrepresentative of the Roman world. In one crucial sense, however, Roman Egypt is truly unique: the rich- ness of its surviving documentation. Because of the valley’s arid climate, tens of thousands of papyri, covering the entire spectrum of public and private documents, survive from the Roman period (Bagnall 2009). -
The Crisis and Collapse of the Roman Empire
The Crisis and Collapse of the Roman Empire The Crisis and Collapse of the Roman Empire Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) The Crisis and Collapse of the Roman Empire The capture of Rome by the Vandals Source: Karl Bryullo, Zdobycie Rzymu przez Wandalów, between 1833 and 1836, Tretyakov Gallery, licencja: CC 0. Link to the lesson You will learn to define the causes of the crisis of the Roman Empire in the third century CE; telling who was Diocletian and what he did to end the crisis; to describe when was the Roman Empire divided into the East and West Empires; to define what was the Migration Period and how did it influence the collapse of the Western Roman Empire; to define at what point in history the Antiquity ended and the Middle Ages started. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu The period of “Roman Peace”, ushered in by Emperor Augustus, brought the Empire peace and prosperity. Halfway through the second century CE the Roman Empire reached the peak of its power and greatness. The provinces thrived, undergoing the process of romanization, i.e. the spread of Roman models and customs. It was, however, not an easy task to maintain peace and power in such a large area. In order to keep the borders safe, the construction of the border fortification system, known as the limes was undertaken. Its most widely‐known portion – the over 120 kilometer‐long Hadrian’s Wall – is still present in Britain. That notwithstanding, the Empire was facing ever greater inner problems. The bust of Emperor Augustus Source: Augustus Bevilacqua, Glyptothek, Munich, licencja: Especially in the third century, the state’s CC 0. -
Putinism: a Praetorian System?
Notes de l’Ifri Russie.Nei.Visions 106 Putinism: A Praetorian System? Jean-Robert RAVIOT March 2018 Russia/NIS Center The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. This text is published with the support of DGRIS (Directorate General for International Relations and Strategy) under “Russia, Caucasus and Eastern Europe Observatory”. ISBN: 978-2-36567-808-7 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2018 How to quote this document: Jean-Robert Raviot, “Putinism: A Praetorian System?”, Russie.Nei.Visions, No. 106, Ifri, March 2018. Ifri 27 rue de la Procession 75740 Paris Cedex 15—FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00—Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Email: [email protected] Website: Ifri.org Russie.Nei.Visions Russie.Nei.Visions is an online collection dedicated to Russia and the other new independent states (Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan). Written by leading experts, these policy-oriented papers deal with strategic, political and economic issues. Author Jean-Robert Raviot is a doctor of political science with accreditation to supervise research and professor of contemporary Russian civilization at Paris Nanterre University. -
A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History
Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself. -
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome William E. Dunstan ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK ................. 17856$ $$FM 09-09-10 09:17:21 PS PAGE iii Published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright ᭧ 2011 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All maps by Bill Nelson. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. The cover image shows a marble bust of the nymph Clytie; for more information, see figure 22.17 on p. 370. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dunstan, William E. Ancient Rome / William E. Dunstan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7425-6832-7 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7425-6833-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7425-6834-1 (electronic) 1. Rome—Civilization. 2. Rome—History—Empire, 30 B.C.–476 A.D. 3. Rome—Politics and government—30 B.C.–476 A.D. I. Title. DG77.D86 2010 937Ј.06—dc22 2010016225 ⅜ϱ ீThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/ NISO Z39.48–1992. Printed in the United States of America ................ -
The Top-Ranking Towns in the Balkan and Pannonian Provinces of the Roman Empire Najpomembnejša Antična Mesta Balkanskih Provinc in Obeh Panonij
Arheološki vestnik 71, 2020, 193–215; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AV.71.05 193 The top-ranking towns in the Balkan and Pannonian provinces of the Roman Empire Najpomembnejša antična mesta balkanskih provinc in obeh Panonij Damjan DONEV Izvleček Rimska mesta balkanskih in podonavskih provinc so bila doslej le redko del raziskav širših mestnih mrež. Namen prispevka je prepoznati glavne značilnosti mestnih sistemov in na podlagi najpomembnejših mest provincialne mestne hierarhije poiskati njihovo vpetost v ekonomijo provinc v času severske dinastije. Avtor se osredotoča na primerjavo veli- kosti prvorazrednih mest z ostalimi naselbinami, upošteva pa tudi njihovo lego in kmetijsko bogastvo zaledja. Ugotavlja, da moramo obravnavano območje glede na ekonomske vire razumeti kot obrobje rimskega imperija. Glavna bogastva obravnavanih provinc so bili namreč les, volna, ruda in delovna sila, kar se jasno izraža tudi v osnovnih geografskih parametrih prvorazrednih mest: v njihovi relativno skromni velikosti, obrobni legi in vojaški naravi. Ključne besede: Balkanski polotok; Donava; principat; urbanizacija; urbani sistemi Abstract The Roman towns of the Balkan and Danube provinces have rarely been studied as parts of wider urban networks. This paper attempts to identify the principle features of these urban systems and their implications for the economy of the provinces at the time of the Severan dynasty, through the prism of the top-ranking towns in the provincial urban hierarchies. The focus will be on the size of the first-ranking settlements in relation to the size of the lower-ranking towns, their location and the agricultural riches of their hinterlands. One of the main conclusions of this study is that, from an economic perspective, the region under study was a peripheral part of the Roman Empire. -
Abstract the Goal of This Project Is Primarily to Establish a Collection of Video Games Developed by Companies Based Here In
Abstract The goal of this project is primarily to establish a collection of video games developed by companies based here in Massachusetts. In preparation for a proposal to the companies, information was collected from each company concerning how, when, where, and why they were founded. A proposal was then written and submitted to each company requesting copies of their games. With this special collection, both students and staff will be able to use them as tools for the IMGD program. 1 Introduction WPI has established relationships with Massachusetts game companies since the Interactive Media and Game Development (IMGD) program’s beginning in 2005. With the growing popularity of game development, and the ever increasing numbers of companies, it is difficult to establish and maintain solid relationships for each and every company. As part of this project, new relationships will be founded with a number of greater-Boston area companies in order to establish a repository of local video games. This project will not only bolster any previous relationships with companies, but establish new ones as well. With these donated materials, a special collection will be established at the WPI Library, and will include a number of retail video games. This collection should inspire more people to be interested in the IMGD program here at WPI. Knowing that there are many opportunities locally for graduates is an important part of deciding one’s major. I knew I wanted to do something with the library for this IQP, but I was not sure exactly what I wanted when I first went to establish a project. -
LEG(Io) X GEM(Ina): Hispanic Legionary Countermarks During the Reign of Vitellius
LEG(io) X GEM(ina): Hispanic Legionary Countermarks during the Reign of Vitellius. Appendix: eagle (head) and boar types LEG(io) X GEM(ina): contramarcas legionarias hispánicas del reinado de Vitelio. Apéndice: tipos águila (cabeza) y jabalí Rodolfo Martini ([email protected]) Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere. Milano Resumen: La relectura de dos contramarcas imperiales romanas, conservadas en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Madrid (figs. 4-5), nos permite precisar y actualizar lo que se conoce sobre los tipos relacionados con la Legio X Gemina en el área hispanica: dos de ellos (B-C) ya están recogidos por la bibliografía, pero interpretados de forma incompleta y no relacionados entre sí; además, un nuevo ejemplar del tipo B (fig. 3) confirma el uso de la grafía arcaica cursiva para la letra E, en la forma de II, y hace que los dos tipos B-C sean únicos para las costumbres epigráficas de las contramarcas imperiales romanas. Los tres tipos (A-C) están atestiguados en las acuñaciones romanas imperiales de bronce de la ceca de Tarraco, sestercios de Claudio (A-B) y ases de Vitelio (C); su producción se sitúa aproximadamente a mediados del año 69 d. C., en el momento del traslado de la Legio X Gemina hacia la Germania Inferior para participar en la guerra contra los bátavos. Su acuñación fue reducida tanto por el corto período como por el volumen producido, y a este respecto parece probable que se utilizase un solo cuño para cada uno de los tres tipos. Las relaciones entre los tres grupos de contramarcas sobre monedas de bronce imperiales nos permiten también investigar desde un punto de vista diferente la producción y la circulación de una de las contramarcas romanas más comunes en el área hispánica, presente sobre las monedas de bronce locales de Augusto y Tiberio, la cabeza de águila; su tipología se discute brevemente junto a la contramarca jabalí por sus estrechas relaciones con el entorno legionario y el contexto histórico y social de la época de las guerras civiles. -
The Ancient Roman World Unit Six: the Decline of the Roman Empire Chapter Twenty Six: the Empire Divided and Defeated the Fall O
The Ancient Roman World Unit Six: The Decline of the Roman Empire Chapter Twenty Six: The Empire Divided and Defeated The Fall of Rome Guided Reading Activity – SQ3R pp. 168 - 172 QUESTIONS: 1. How did Diocletian change the way the empire was governed? Why? 2. What occurrences caused turmoil in the fourth and fifth centuries? 3. What role did the emperors Diocletian and Constantine play in Rome’s fading glory? 4. What role did Constantinople play in the empire after the death of Theodosius? 5. How did foreign invaders contribute to Rome’s fall? 6. What was the effect of Rome’s fall on most people in the former empire’s territory? 7. What were the differences between the Eastern and Western Empire? KEY TERMS: humble, devastate, vulnerable, adapt GRAPHIC ORGANIZER: Using the reading, REASONS FOR THE FALL OF THE EMPIRE, place the eight symptoms of decay in the order which strike you as the most important. Reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire All left Rome open to outside invaders There were many reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire. Each one intertwined with the next. Many even blame the introduction of Christianity for the decline. Christianity made many Roman citizens into pacifists, making it more difficult to defend against the barbarian attackers. Also money used to build churches could have been used to maintain the empire. Although some argue that Christianity may have provided some morals and values for a declining civilization and therefore may have actually prolonged the imperial era. Decline in Morals and Values Those morals and values that kept together the Roman legions and thus the empire could not be maintained towards the end of the empire. -
Roman Lead Sealings
Roman Lead Sealings VOLUME I MICHAEL CHARLES WILLIAM STILL SUBMITTED FOR TIlE DEGREE OF PILD. SEPTEMBER 1995 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY (L n") '3 1. ABSTRACT This thesis is based on a catalogue of c. 1800 records, covering over 2000 examples of Roman lead sealings, many previously unpublished. The catalogue is provided with indices of inscriptions and of anepigraphic designs, and subsidiary indices of places, military units, private individuals and emperors mentioned on the scalings. The main part of the thesis commences with a history of the use of lead sealings outside of the Roman period, which is followed by a new typology (the first since c.1900) which puts special emphasis on the use of form as a guide to dating. The next group of chapters examine the evidence for use of the different categories of scalings, i.e. Imperial, Official, Taxation, Provincial, Civic, Military and Miscellaneous. This includes evidence from impressions, form, texture of reverse, association with findspot and any literary references which may help. The next chapter compares distances travelled by similar scalings and looks at the widespread distribution of identical scalings of which the origin is unknown. The first statistical chapter covers imperial sealings. These can be assigned to certain periods and can thus be subjected to the type of analysis usually reserved for coins. The second statistical chapter looks at the division of categories of scalings within each province. The scalings in each category within each province are calculated as percentages of the provincial total and are then compared with an adjusted percentage for that category in the whole of the empire. -
Contents of Volume 2
Contents of Volume 2 Introduction 1 I Adiutrix 3 I Italica 14 I Minervia 24 Adiutrix 38 II Augusta 52 II Italica 68 In Italica 72 BIT Flavia 77 IV Macedonica 87 V Alaudae 92 V Macedonica 95 VI Victrix 109 VII Claudia 124 VIII Augusta 137 VIIII Hispana 147 X Gemina 153 XI Claudia 169 XIII Gemina 187 XIV Getnina 199 XV Apollinaris 216 XV Primigenia 228 XX Valeria Victrix 231 XXI Rap ax 247 XXII Primigenia 251 XXX Ulpia Victrix 271 Bibliography 276 2 1 MAR 1991 Introduction to Legionary Lists The following section lists the attested centurions of twenty four legions. In each list there is an account of each attested centurion which concentrates on the date and the context of the inscription. Multiple centurionate careers are cross-referenced into the relevant chapters of Volume one. At the end of each chronological list there is a chronologically ordered spread-sheet giving name, reference, date, origin, findspot and any further noteworthy information. At the end of the chronologically ordered spread-sheet there is an alphabetically ordered spread-sheet giving the same information. Centurions named on lead seals and graffiti- are only mentioned if the name is confirmed on a stone inscription from another place. I hope in the future to produce a complete list of centurions from sources other than stone. The legions omitted from the lists are those from the Greek speaking area of the Empire, plus III Augusta and VII Gemina which have both had lists of their centurions published in recent years. Again, I hope to produce a complete list of legionary centurions in the future. -
Medievaia Coinage
~) June 11, 1993 Classical Numismatic Group, Inc will sell at public and mail bid auction the exceptional collection of Greek Gold & Electrum assembled by George & Robert Stevenson This collection features ovel" 150 pieces. Pedigrees of the Ste\'enson coins r('ad like a "who's who" or great collectors durin!,: the past century, with coins from the collections of Pozzi, Virzi, Hrand, Garrell, Weber, Ryan, llaron Pennisi di'Floristella, Hauer, Bement, Castro Maya, Warren, Greenwell, N.wille, several museum collections and others In addition to the Stevenson Collection, this SOlie includes a sup erb ofrering of Greek silver and bronze, Roman including a collection of SeslerW, Byzantine. Medieval and Uritish coins. Classical Numismatic Group Auction XXVI In Conjunction with the 2nd Annual Spring New York International Friday June II, 1993 at 6PM Sheraton New York Hotcl & Towers Catalogues are available for $151£10 CLASSICAL NUMISMATIC GROUP, INC ~ Post Office Box 245 ~Quarryville, Pennsylvania 17566-0245 " • (717) 786-4013, FAX (717) 786-7954 • SEABY COINS ~ 7 Davies Street ~London, WIY ILL United Kingdom (071) 495-1888, FAX (071) 499-5916 INSIDE THE CELATOR ... Vol. 7, NO.5 FEATURES May 1993 6 A new distater of Alexander 'lJieCefatoT by Harlan J. Berk Publisher/Senior Editor 10 Slavery and coins Wayne G. Sayles in the Roman world Office Manager Janet Sayles by Marvin Tameanko Editor Page 6 18 The Scipio legend: Steven A. Sayles A new distater of Alexander A question of portraiture Marketi ng Director by Harlan J. Berk Stephanie Sayles by Todd Kirkby RCCLiaison J ames L. Meyer 32 The arms of Godfrey of Boullion and the Production Asst.