~)

June 11, 1993 Classical Numismatic Group, Inc will sell at public and mail bid auction the exceptional collection of Greek Gold & Electrum assembled by George & Robert Stevenson

This collection features ovel" 150 pieces. Pedigrees of the Ste\'enson coins r('ad like a "who's who" or great collectors durin!,: the past century, with coins from the collections of Pozzi, Virzi, Hrand, Garrell, Weber, Ryan, llaron Pennisi di'Floristella, Hauer, Bement, Castro Maya, Warren, Greenwell, N.wille, several museum collections and others

In addition to the Stevenson Collection, this SOlie includes a sup erb ofrering of Greek silver and bronze, Roman including a collection of SeslerW, Byzantine. Medieval and Uritish coins. Classical Numismatic Group Auction XXVI In Conjunction with the 2nd Annual Spring New York International Friday June II, 1993 at 6PM Sheraton New York Hotcl & Towers

Catalogues are available for $151£10 CLASSICAL NUMISMATIC GROUP, INC ~ Post Office Box 245 ~Quarryville, Pennsylvania 17566-0245 " • (717) 786-4013, FAX (717) 786-7954 • SEABY COINS ~ 7 Davies Street ~London, WIY ILL (071) 495-1888, FAX (071) 499-5916 INSIDE THE CELATOR ...

Vol. 7, NO.5 FEATURES May 1993

6 A new distater of Alexander 'lJieCefatoT by Harlan J. Berk Publisher/Senior Editor 10 Slavery and coins Wayne G. Sayles in the Roman world Office Manager Janet Sayles by Marvin Tameanko Editor Page 6 18 The Scipio legend: Steven A. Sayles A new distater of Alexander A question of portraiture Marketi ng Director by Harlan J. Berk Stephanie Sayles by Todd Kirkby RCCLiaison J ames L. Meyer 32 The arms of Godfrey of Boullion and the Production Asst. Nick Popp Cross of Jerusalem Distribution Asst. by Stewart J. Westdal Christine Olson Rochelle Olson 34 Fourteenth century Armenian Art silver hoard discovered Parnell Nelson by LA. Saryan, Ph. D. The Celator (ISSN #10480986) Is an independent jotJrnal published on the lirst Page 10 day of each month at Slavery and coins DEPARTMENTS 175 South Main Street, in the Roman world Lodi, WI. II is circulated Internationally through by Marvin Tameanko The Gelator's Point of View subscriptions and 2 special distributions. Subscription roles, 4 Leners to the Edilor - Quotes from the Past payable in U.S. hJnds, ar(l $24 per year 8 Antiquities by David Liebert (second class) within the Uniled Stales; $30 to : $48 26 People in the News - Profiles in per year to all olher addresses (Air Printed 27 Art and the Market Matter). Advertising and copy deadline is the fifst of each month. 30 Coming Events Unsolicited artides and news releases Just for Beginners by Wa yne G. Sayles are welcome, however 38 publication connot be Page 18 guaranteed. Second 40 Book News class postage paid The Scipio legend: (USPS #006077) A question of portraiture 42 Coins of the Bible by Edward Janis at l ocli, WI 53555. by Todd Kirkby Copyright 0 1993, Celator, Inc. 43 Coin File - Trivia· Humor Postmaster: send address About the cover: changes to P.O. Box 123, Reverse 01 a newl y discovered 44 Reference Reviews by Dennis Kroh locli, WI 53555 of distater of Alexander II I. 608-592-4684 Professional Directory Nike appears to be funning, rather 48 (same for FAX, after hours than standing as in normal ex­ activate with asterisk amples. 56 Index of Advertisers· Classifieds on touch tone phone)

Deadline for the June issue is Saturday, May 1 These decks will besent toour list of active subscribers and to our inactive list, which is comprised of fanner sub­ scribers or individuals who have re­ quested sample copies of The Celator. • • 10 all , the decks will be mailed 10 over 3,000 potential customers. Commentary by Wayne G. Sayles We 've also added some new titles to the list of video tapes produced by David Lisot and sold through The Ceiator. We will be expanding this list over the next t's at the primer, and will be what a story it would have to tell ." few months, and will be adding some of ready to ship within 30 days. Levy's pen brings the coins in his col­ our own titles produced by Clio's Cabi­ What's that you say? AnOlher lection to life as they relate, in their own net. I1I book about ancient coins? The words, wonderful tales of intrigue, dis­ past year has seen a number of welcome covery, and a gamut of human-like This month 's Point of View has taken additions to the field of numismatic emotions. The second section provides on a pretty commercial flavor, and I literature and collectors have some ex­ historical background and technical nu­ apologize for that, but we are always citing new choices. mismaticdetailswhich are of real value looking fo r ways to generate growth The book we're referring to is, of to the collector of earl y Roman coinage. capital without increasing oursubscrip­ course, From The Coin's Point o/View, The third section is a catalog of the tion or advertising rates. These projects, by Bah Levy. The fonnat and content of collection itself, with provenance and and your cooperativesupport, will help. this new work are a departure from the very detailed historical descriptions. It's been a while since we did a show nann, and combine a sense of history Prefacing the three sections is a sub­ in southern California, and we miss the with whimsical humor to offer real en­ stantive introduction by David R. Sear. comaraderie of that erudite group of tertainment. This is no small accom­ A glossary and bibliography are also numismatists, so we have included the plishment in the somewhat sta id envi­ included. early June Long Beach show in our ronment of ancient coin collecting. Levy The fonnat is befitting the contents, travel plans. The next two months will has built, over a relatively short span of with 8- 1/2 x II pages, hardbound and be pretty hectic. We will be attendi ng years, an incredible coll ection of an- sewn, color dust jacket, and it is printed the Central States convention in Chi ­ cago; followed by Long Beach,the New York International, and the Mid America "If this coin could only talk, what a tale . .. " show in Milwaukee. Although the travel can be tough on these aging bones, the chance to see so many old friends makes cient coins. The collection is not re­ on heavyweight satin fi nish paper stock. it worthwhile. The show/convention markable fo r its siz e~ it consists of only This hook is profusely illustrated, with circuit is quite a phenomenon. It has, in 63 pieces. It is not remarkable for its hundreds of photos, many of them sig­ some ways, the mystique of a noating ra ri ty (although there are some very rare nificantlyenlarged. It is as much ajoy crap game. People converge on a site, examples included), or for its breadth. to look at as it is to read. Adding to the generate a flurry of activity, and then Thecollection includes lmpcratorial and joy is the price tag of $29.95 (plus $3.50 vanish into the four comers of the globe. Julio-Claudian coins, mostly in silver. postage in the U.S.). This is a book that It's always interesting to see who will The most remarkable aspect of Bah no collector of ancient coins should pass tum up at the game next time. The Levy'scollection is the of connois­ up at that price! It is avai lable through shows listed in our Coming Events sec­ seurship which it represents. Many of Clio's Cabinet (our publishing banner) tion generally attract dealers in and col­ the coins in this collection bear impres­ or from your favorite bookseller. lectors of ancient and medieval coins. If sive pedigrees, but it is not a collection We are about to embark upon an­ at all possible, attending one or more of about ped igrees. The reason that coins other venture that should serve both our these events is an experience that Ihighly from famous old collections reappear in readers and our advertisers. Beginning recommend. It is not only fun and the Levy collection is that the merits of in May, we will begin distributing decks entertaining; it is also educational, and these particular coins were appreci3lcd of reply-card offerings on a quarterly in the long run potentially profitable. by great connoisseurs of the past. basis. We would anticipate that these Thanks to all of our faithful readers The book is divided into three main decks will include offerings of books, who pass along little notes of encour­ parts. The first section includes a series coins, services, announcements and so­ agement with their subscription renew­ of articles which Bob wrote for Th e licitations. The number of cards will be als. We read and appreciate every one Ceiator over the past four years. The limited to 32 per deck. They will be of them. Have a great new season of book includes an unpublished anicle as mailed in a plain white envelope, so as discovery in ancient coins, and take a well. These articles follow the recur­ to protect the confiden tiality of the re­ moment along the way to share your theme " If this coin could only talk, cipient. point of view.

'Jh< ecia1:o< ii nanud fo< and ded&:!at

who," cat "maini M. pO"'''fu{ and appwU"9 today ai in th

2 The Celator The McLendon Collection of Ancient Greek and Roman Coins 235 pieces, particularly strong in Greek Silver and Roman Gold

K~una, Tctracir:ochm. ,-460 DC. SyrJCUSC, 16- Litr"" 21 4-2 12 13C. r~' If""wlr j;'Pf r.,"p"""dy.ljllc

Syncu!>C. Dcbdrachm. cAW Be. Gllh:a (AD 68-69). Sestcrtius. by the Dcnurcteioll nunc<. ~bcul (xrmndy flu" fill' 10 wry fillt

Max"m;us (AD 306-3 12), Magncnt;Uj (AD 350-353), Mcw.llion of2-Aurei. Mcd~lIio" ofJ-Solidi. (x'",mdy fillr rxrrtmdy fill'

Auction to be held III our Park Avenue Galleries in N ew York, Saturday, June 12th at 6:30 pm. Viewing from Wednesday June 9th at 10:00 am. Also on view at the N.A.B., San Francisco, May 14-15. A fully illustrated single-owner catalogue will be avai lable mid-May from Christie's Publications, 7 18/784-1480 For fur ther information ca ll James Lamb or John Gainor at 212/ 546-1056

CHRISTIE'S

May 1993 3 man also, or he wouldn't be ~standing­ obtaining continuity of supply of cata­ in" for all mankind. Without a human logues from several dealers and the nature, Ghrist's death would have been obvious question arises; why don'! they meaningless, and would not have ac· invoice their clients annually for the sub­ complished mankind's atonement. What scriptions due instead of assuming that was at stake was not a minor point, but I have a wonderful diary system which the very fou ndation of the orthodox faith! prevents me from forgetting to send the May I suggest that, in future articles, subs when they are due? Such an Mr. KoUgaard stick to the facts, and invoicing system would ensure that I do Nr· ( refrain from editorializing in areas in not miss out on individual catalogues. which he is not an expert. Gordon Parry Ron Bude Exception taken Michigan I write in response to the article writ­ (Dealers take note.) ten by Ron Kollgaard entilled "The Fall (Agnosco veteris vestigia flammae-I of Rome and the Early Byzantine Em­ feel once more the scars of the old M pire Part 4: Anaslasius IMarch, 1993]. flame: Vergil.) In general, I find his article informa­ Optimistic tive and interesting. I do, however, lake exception with one point. On page 16, observations Mr. KoUgaard speaks about a doctrinal Invoices requested Looks like it's letter-to-the-editortime dispute between those of the "orthodox~ I have been subscribing to your ex­ again. I must say that I think you ought persuasion and the monophysites, with cellent magazine for two years now, and to reprint Basil Demetriadi's letter in the orthodox position maintaining that wish to put in writing my sincere appre­ your next Best of the Ge/ator. It is really Christ was of a dual nature (both God ciation for the continued excellent about time that people just forget about and man) and the monophysites main­ standard of your magazine. investing as a motification for coin col­ taining Christ was divine only. Mr. My particular interest is collecting lecting. As Basil points out, anyone who KolIgaard relegates this controversy to Roman Imperial silver coins and Roman collects in a serious way, studying and th at of a minor status, going so far as to tetradrachms from , and much learning about his or her coins, and say", . . it is difficult to determine what of my purchases are made in the U.S.A. actually enjoying them, is going to wake re levance this argument had, but itwas and Europe, as the market for these up some day with a collection which deadly serious during the 6th century." coins in Australia is not all that large. other collectors will admire too. And The significance is this: The orthodox I subscribe to several dealers in the which will do remarkably well when sold belief was that man was incapable of U.S.A. and Europe so that I can keep in at auction. Whenever we have handled atoning for his sins, and needed a stand­ touch with the market by receiving the serious closed collections, like Garrett, in who could. Christ, on the cross. was catalogues for their various sales. Un­ the modern coins we called the that stand-in. However, Christ had to be fortunately I have had difficulty in Bostonian Col/ection, and our recent Portuguese sale, the pri ces have gone through the roof. If you ask any of the old-time dealers they invariably say that knowledgeable collectors with good CALVIN J. ROGERS taste, and with love for their coins, al­ Classical Numismatist most never lose when they come to sell their collections; and that anyone who only buys with the expectation of mak­ Fully illustrated ing a profit automatically has three list free upon request strikes against him before he even starts. I also think my good friend Professor Dr. Saslow is in line for an answer to his Ancient & P.O. Box 7233 recent editorial. My feelings are that Medieval Redwood City CA 94063 Arnie was just a mite too hard on Chi­ (415) 369-1508 cago. The weather was basically nice (yes, of course, there were polar bears frolicking on the river when we arrived, but it cleared up). The city is actually very attractive (there's a first-rate book store too, always a treat after the cut­ QUOTES FROM THE PAST throat prices they charge in Europe). The restaurants are OK (even the one U Atque inter silvas Academi quaerere verum." Arnie took us to). The major drawback (And seek for truth in the garden of Academus.) was the incredible placement of the show: in a cellar so deep it was nearly Horace, 65-8 B.C. in the TwilightZone. You got on various

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May 1993 5 AneW" distater of Alexander Obverse of Alexander 11/ distater; head of Athena wearing by Harlan J. Berk Corinthian helmet

Distaters of Alexander 1II have al­ Macedonia could only muster 60 tal­ mast in her right hand and a wreath in ways been known, but have rarely been ents. Compare this with a payment of her left. Thename"AAEEANMOY"is written about in any detail. I couldn't a full talent to each soldier. The di­ engraved in the right field, and a thun­ say, specifically, why this is but several staters were most likely minted as a derbolt, cantharos, trident or athlete is possibilities come forward . Eventhough convenient way to pay these returning found in the left field. Nike's right leg dislaters arc large, they are compara­ veterans. It also seems likely that is visible and turned toward the viewer tivclydull. All of the known specimens, since these coins were minted in while she is planted firmly on the ground save two from Sidon, line. were struck in A new variety of Macedonia and are distater, whichIhave of one style with no recently discovered, variations. Dislaters depicts a running or usually are found in less possibly a flying very fine condition, Nike on its reverse. I which for the type is feel we are dealing a rather lifeless de­ with a running rather sign in worn con­ than a flying Nike dition. Compare this because there is the to the many obverse hint of a ground line symbols and mints under her back foot. possible among gold Her feet, especially staters, tetradrachms her back foot, are or drachms; this balanced on the ball could be the reason as though she were they have been pushing off that foot overlooked. Martin and striding forward Price, in his wonder­ Reverse of two Alexander fII distaters: with her front foot, ful new work on left-new variety depicting a funning Nike, note the flowing chiton; which is suggested right-standard type with standing Nike, note the lifeless chiton Alexander III and by the way the bot- Philip III, barely 10m of her dress mentions them in his text. Neitherdocs Macedonia, the treasure captured in clings to the front of that forward foot. Jenkins in Gulbenkian, nor Head in the east from the Persian Empire after The lower part of the chiton gracefully Historia Numorum. 331 B.C. was sent back west to sweeps back from the front top to the Distaters seem to have been issued, Macedonia for conversion into coin­ bottom between her legs and somewhat according to Dr. Price, from 330-320 age. electrically flies behind her back leg. B.C., more specifically, 325 B.C. and The obverse of the distater bears the Both the back and front legs shown are later. The Macedonian soldi ers of head of Athena wearing a Corinthian in high action. This is in great contrast were not paid until helmet decorated with a coiled snake to the nonnal type, also illustrated. Nike they returned from their campaign, at and a large plume at the back. Three simply stands-her chiton falling life­ which time they were paid the magnifi­ locksofhair curl back onto the helmet at lessly to the ground-line. cent sum of one talent for their heroic the ear, while four corkscrew curls fall Many ancient coins took their moti fs labors. To illustrate the value of a "tal­ down the back of the neck. She wears from well-known statuary of the time. ent", in 336 B.C. Alexander inherited drop earrings and a strand of pearls. On Otto Morkholm in his book Early Hel­ debts of 500 talents along with the king­ the typical reverse is a standing winged lenistic Coinage alludes to the fact that dom of Philip II. The treasury of Nike wearing a chiton holding a ship's Alexander may have taken his model 6 The Celator for the Nike on his coinage from the gold statues of Nike on the Akropolis, which were being restored during this time. From inscriptions, we know how much gold was used on the Nikai, but no one knows what they looked like. It is Mail Bid Sale II within the realm of possibility that the ARCHAEOLOGlA GAlLERY, a leader in the antiquities market with 25 Nike on our coin is a representation of years experience, announces its forthcoming catalogue to be released Octo-­ the gold Nikai of the Akropolis, now ber 1993. Archaeologia serves both the advanced collector/investor and the lost. There is even a greater probability novice. We welcome your wam lists so we may serve your needs better. that our distater is patterned after the Pwase send for a free fully illustrated catalogue. Nike by Paionios at Olympia, which a Archaeologia Gallery future article of mine will prove was the 1486 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, P.Q., Canada H3G lL3 basis for the St. Gaudens $20 gold piece. Tel.: (514) 932-7585 • Fax: (514) 932-9143 The style of representation, in which Att.: Mail Bid Dept. she is moving forward on her toes with her dress clinging to her legs and flow­ ing out behind her, isa very close parallcl to that of our distater. If the coin's reverse was not taken from the Nike of Olympia, it is after some parallel work America's Most Prestigious of the same period. Wayne Sayles tells me this fluid treatment reflects a style Ancient and Foreign Coin Show influenced by the artist Lysippus, who was employed by Alexander. The Master Die Theory which I for­ mulated on my own (but wasn't, it seems, alone to come to this conclusion), comes NYINC into use here. It states that other than NEW YORK Syracuse and a few other places, Greek INTERNATIONAL cities could not afford ordid not want to NUMISMATIC have a master celator in pennanent em­ CONVENTION ployment. Therefore, when a city began a new coinage, a master celator would create it, with lesser local artists copy­ The 2nd Annual New York Spring International ing the master's work from coins struck Numismatic Convention from his dies. Here we have an interesting situa­ June 11-12-13, 1993 tion in that the two illustrated coins Dealer Set.up: Thurs. 2 p.m .• 6 p.m. share a common obverse die. Not only (Dealers without f:lblcs, walk·in ree $100.00) do they share the same obverse die, but Public Hours: Fri. 10 a.m. - 711.m. the less imaginative reverse die is paired with the more advanced state of the Sat. 10 a.m .. 7 p.m. obverse. This is proven by the die break Sun. 10 a.m. - 3 p.m. in the eye and the small die break in (Admission $5.00) back of the top hair curl on the helmet. Nonnally the theory would lead us to At the Sheraton New York Hotel & Towcrs the conclusion that the die with the run­ 7th Avc. and 52nd Sf. • New York City ning Victory was the original and the O~·er J 50 A ndent and Foreign Coin Deolas from around the World standing Nike the copy, but in this case there is a slightly different conclusion Two Major Foreign Coin Auctions possible. The standing Nike is in un­ Numismatic Fine Arts· June 10 usually high relief. It is probable that Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.· June 11 both coins are the work of a master celator, and that the running Nike is a Bour,e Tables. Hotel Reservation~. General Information: NYINC trial design not accepted by the powers 3950 Concordia Lane Fallbrook. CA 92028 that be at that time. This idea is further (619) 728· 1300 bolstered by the fact thai the obverse shared by both coins is better in relief and style than other distater obverses I've seen. This remarkable coin, of the running Nike, illustrates that there can always be something unique awaiting us in Greek coinage, especially where we don't expect it.

May 1993 7 Antiquities Resting place of Attila remains a mystery

After another treaty and payment of more Although some histories attribute the by David Liebert tribute, peace was again made. In 445, salvation of Rome in451 to the interces­ Auila murdered his brother and launched sion of Pope Leo I, who met with Attila a new campaign against the empire. In on the banks of the Po, there is one thing The Groller Encyclopedia provided 447 he struck again, and forced the em­ which all historians agree on, and that is me with the following infonnation re­ peror to cede large areas of territory that AttHa was a very wealthy man. He garding one of history's more maligned southoftheDanubetotheHuns. Another died the following Winter from a nose­ political leaders, a man whose very name large tribute was also promised. bleed incurred on his wedding night. became a synonym for barbarism and By 450, Attila's interests turned to­ Contemporary accounts of his fu­ brutality: "Auila, d. 453, a ruler of the ward the west. with a pretext provided neral tell of his burial in three coffms, nomadic HUllS, harassed theeastern half by Honoria, sister of the emperor one bound with gold, one with silver, of the during the 440s Valentinian III who sought to ally her­ and one with iron, as well as with much and devastated much of the western half self with Attila, he attacked Gaul. A treasure as befitted a barbarian ruler of of the empire in 451-52. Because of coalition of imperial forces, Visigoths, his stature. To hide the sight of his these exploits he came to be known as and other peoples (especially Alans) sepulcher from greedy tomb robbers, if the "Scourge of God", was finally formed by the Roman gen­ not from modem archaeologists, the en­ In 434, Attila and his brother BIeda eral Aetius. Anila's horde was stopped tire burial party was interred with him negotiated a treaty with the east Roman at Orleans and forced to retreat. In 451 by his loyal followers. As far as can be (Byzantine) emperorTheodosius II, and at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains ascertained, this was a successful ploy, obtained an Immense annual tribute of (near Chalons-sur-Marne), Aetius' and Attila still lies undisturbed some­ about 300kg (700lb) of gold. After six forces won a decisive victory. AttHa where in modem day . years of peace, the Huns invaded the was pennitted to retreat, and in 452 he Despite contemporary accounts of empire, destroyed several important cit­ attacked , but was turned back by his burial by Priscus, we are not even ies, and defeated several imperial armies. an epidemic. sure of the site of Attila's final camp, let alone the site of his grave. Most au­ thorities seem to agree that it lies somewhere in eastern Hungary east of the River Tisza, but even this is not SASSANIAN SEAL SALE certain. When we remember that Tut's We have a limited number of Sassanian seals, tomb lay hidden in the relatively minute area of the Valley of the Kings for mil­ carved from carrelian quartz and other stones in leonia until found by Carter, we can get nice condition with various motives on the base. some inkling of the magnitude of what asearch for Attila's resting place would entail. Still, the recent political events $39.95 each in Hungary do fire up the old imagina- ,rYl. The Time Machine Co. tion. P.O. Box 282, Flushing Station, Queens, NY 11 367· (718) 544-2708

Reader Response • •. is essential to the success of any WHOLESALE TO ALL! publication. We are sincerely interested in your comments, 100 ancient coins in flips and attributed. A diverse lot criticisms, suggestions and including Nero, Caesar Augustus, Alexander the Great, desires. Share your news, views and observations with Biblical "Widow's Mite", etc. Only $475.00 postpaid, with others who enjoy the/aseination satisfaction guaranteed! of antiquity as mueh as you do. Write to: '!Unn~nn

8 The Celator SUPERIOR SEt JECIIONS Presented by Superior Galleries of Beverly Hills, California

Ptolemaic . J'tQlemy 11,285·246 II.C. Silver lXkadrachm. E"~lun Imitalion of lin Athenian Tetradruchm, c. 350 B.C. Diadcmcd and veiled bead of Arslnoe II, right; lotuS-lipped scepter Head of Athena right wearing CrcsLCd helmet. Reverse: OwL stand­ visible atop and before bust. Reverse: Double comucopiac, lOpped ing righi, head facing, olive sprig and cre.sccm above, legend 10 with caps of tile Dioscouri, bound with fillet. Svorooos 940. right, all within incuse square. cr. SVoroJlOS pI. 19, 1-12. Extremely Fine. Of exceptional metal, and free of the corrosion foUJKI 00 most examples of this issue...... $7,500 Choice Extremely Fine, some Iwter. Scarce ...... $945

#I)~ "'~ Julius Caesar, died 44 B.C. Sihu Denarius struck c. 44 B.C. Septimius Severus, A.D. 193-211. Gold Dynastic Aureus struck CAESAR PARENS PATRIAE; Laureate and veiled bust of Julius A.D. 202. Laureate. draped and cuirassed bust of Septimiw Severus Caesar righi, littus before, priest's hal behind. Reverse: Moneycr's right. Reverse: FELICITA S SAECVLl; Busts or Caracalla at left, name and inscriptioll in form of a cross. Cr. 480119. Julia Donum in cemer, and Geta at ri ght. RIC ISlb.

Choice Extremely Fine. Vinually no wear . . , ...... ,$1,850 Extn:mtly Fint. Rare and important ...... $1 1,500

Hot Off The Press! Catalogs are now readyjor our auction ofAncient, Foreign and u.s. coins scheduledfor May30-Jun e i,just to the Long Beach Convention. if you are not on our mailing list, call today to reserve your copy. An especially strong selection of ancient Jewish coinage from several consignments will be offered. CATALOG PRICE: $25 post-paid Please ask/or David Vagi when placing your order.

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May 1993 9 Slavery and coins in the ROlDan world

by Marvin Tameanko

During the excavation of an outdoor The ironic and sad thing about this economy. In the very early history of restaurant in a vineyard at Pompeii, in coin hoard from Pompeii is that the Rome, there were few slaves because 1968, archaeologists discovered two reverses of all the coins depicted the the Romans were small fann owners small coin hoards buried in the base of a personifications of Libertas (Liberty), who worked the land with their fami­ wal1. l The two hoards were hidden only Felicitas (Happiness), Aequitas (Equal­ lies. In the 3rd century B.C. Rome a few inches apart, and in the same level ity), Spes (Hope),and Victoria (Victory), became an aggressive conqueror of na- of the stonework in the wall. tions, and a large number of This led the excavators to be- slaves became available from lieve that the coins were buried the defeated countries. The by the same person at two dif- many foreign wars during the ferent times. The hoards 2nd century B.c. considerably consisted of nine asses and twO increased the multitude of dupondii in one localion and slaves in Rome. L. Aemilius fourasses in the olher. Thetwo Paullus took 150,000 Greeks dupondii were of the emperor as slaves after the Third Vespasian. The asses were: Macedonian War, 168 B.C. one of Agrippa, struck under Scipio sold off Tiberius; two of the emperor 60,000 Carthaginian slaves af­ Tiberius; three of Claudius; ter the Third Punic War, 146 fourofVespasian; two of Titus B.C. The consul Marius cap­ Caesar and one of Domilian tured 140,000 Cimbri as slaves Caesar struck under Vespasian, in 101 s.c. JuliusCaesar,along theirfather.2 Thecoins were in with Pompey the Great, was a very worn condition, dating responsible for over a million from A.D. 22 to 74, and com- captive Gauls and Asiatics ap­ pared to other finds at Pompeii pearing in the slave markets by they constituted a meagre and Ubertas,:tOe per$onification of Uberty found on 50 B.C.3 impoverished hoard. After Roman cOIi/s;:)Sh6 holds a staff and a pileus, the conical The Latin word for slaves, some study, the director of the "Cap of Uberty" worn by slaves when they were set free, "servi", comes from the word excavation suggested that the servare, meaning "to save", coins were the savings of a slave who all of them human ideals and qual ities of because traditionally, victorious gener­ worked in the vineyard or in the restau­ life which no Roman slave could ever als could legally kill their captives after rant. He hid his coins in the wall, close enjoy. A peculium of 13 asses and two a war or "save" them by enslavement. 10 his workplace, so that he could watch dupondii would not buy the freedom of The selling of captives into slavery by over them. even an old, worn out slave. In the end, the military soon became a lucrati ve Slaves in the Roman world could when Vesuvius erupted in A.D. 79, it business. Slave traders followed the acquire money through "tips", bribes, was probably a horrible death that fi­ annies into battle with fetters, chains, and gifts from their masters. The money nally set this unfortunate slave free. and armed guards so that slaves could saved by a slave was called a "peculium" Slavery was one of the foundation be rapidly carried away to the markets. in Latin, li terally "a little money", and principles of the social organization of After a battle the , the general's although legally it belonged to the mas­ the ancient world. The Romans fully paymaster and financial advisor, held a ter, by custom it was the slave 's personal accepted the Greek concept, expressed sale of the captives. He erected an property. Many slaves saved enough by Aristotle, that some people or na­ upright spear in a field to indicate the money to eventually purchase some land, tions were naturally inferior to others sale was under public authority. a business, or even their freedom. As and deserved to be only slaves. Calo, According to Livy, the Roman histo­ strange as it may seem, Roman slaves the Roman historian and statesman, rian, 64 B.C.-A.D. 12, this custom gave could purchase and own other slaves. writing on agriculture around 160 B.C., ri se to the Latin expression "sub hasta The slave owned by a slave was called a refers to Aristotle's work to find the venire", to be sold under the spear. "Vicari us" in Latin, meaning a "substi­ definit ion for his slaves as "1 iving tools". Sometimes, a wreath was placed on tute", and the English word vicarious Roman society, beginning in the late captives' heads like victims being led to has almost the same meaning. Republic, was based entirely on a slave sacrifice. This was the origin of the 10 The Celator saying "sub corona venire", to be sold of Delos, the city of Rome became the pass laws which restricted the number under the wreath.4 In later times, for­ main slave trade center in the empire. an owner could manumit. 7 The Fufian­ eign slaves put on sale had their feet In Roman jurisprudence existing at Caninian law of A.D. 4 and the marked with white, powdered chalk. that lime, slavery was represented as a Aelian-Sentian law placed checks on Many slaves originated from the ac­ state of absolute subjection. By law, the the freeing of slaves, and imposed a tax tivities of the multitude of pirates slave had no kinfolkorrelations. Slaves offive percent of the freed slaves' value. operating in the Mediterranean Sea. The could not assume the rights of marriage This did not stop the freeing of slaves, young Julius Caesar was captured by nor partake in religious ceremonies, ex­ and the manumission tax became an such pirates in 80 B.C., but being of a cept for the Saturnalia held in December. important source of revenue. Dionysius patrician family, he was ransomed and The slaves' identity was imposed by the of Halicarnassus, the Roman historian, not sold as a slave. Caesar had his owner, who gave them theirnames. An writing around 15 8.C.,c1aimsthatmany revenge when he later returned with his owner could legally kill his slave, al­ Romans freed their slaves when they own fleet and soldiers to capture and though later laws put restraints on this could no longer feed them. The freed crucify this same band of pirates.S Some legal right. Corporal punishment was slaves, as Roman citizens, were then slaves were "home-born", being the meted out by a flogging-capital pun­ eligible for the monthly dole of free children of slaves, although no policy of ishment for slaves meant death by grain and oil. Other Romans freed their actively breeding slaves existed in the crucifixion. slaves on their deathbeds, so that there Roman world. Some were criminals However, Roman law also recog­ would be a large throng of mourners, all condemned to state slavery as punish­ nized an owner's right to free his slaves. wearing the cap of liberty, at the fu­ ment for their crimes. Others were "Manumission", the word for the free­ neral.S defeated soldiers doomed to die from ing of slaves, comes from the Latin Roman law accepted the right of hard labor in the mines, or as gladiators words manus (the hand) and mittere (to slaves to purchase their freedom. Un­ in the arenas. send). Literally, this means "to let go fortunately, this applied mostly to city The city-state of Delos was the main from the hand". The promise of free­ or urban slaves. Those that worked on slave trade emporium until it was de­ dom after several years of service was large fann plantations, called latifundia, stroyed in the Second Mithridatic War, the motivation used by many owners to were treated as chattels, ranking sl i ghtl Y 67 B.C. T he pirates, who were the main assure loyalty and hard, conscientious above animals, and they had little chance suppliers to this market, were also sup­ work from their slaves. Some owners of acquiring enough money to buy their pressed at the same time. The slave bequeathed large estates to their freed freedom. Slaves were classified by their market at Delos was so large that it was slaves, and even adopted them as sons. country of origin and given tasks suit­ reputed to be able to sell 10,000 slaves In the first century A.D., so many slaves able to their national abilities. The by auction each day.6 After the decline were being freed that Augustus had to highest class and best treated were the

J{armer 2\po kf- (j a[[eries presents 5'Lvsentee 5'Luction 53 - C[osing: 'Earfy June Featuring Fine classical antiquities including: a selection of Ancient Bronzes, fine Middle Bronze to Iron Age Middle Eastern Antiquities,' Pre-Columbian Art; American Indian and other Ethnographic Arts; New World Paieopoints.

Illustrated Catalogue - $15.00 ppd. For Prices Realized Send SA SE Harmer Rooke Galleries 3 East 57th Street, New York, NY 10022 212-751-1900 Fax 212-758-17 13

May 1993 11 city slaves, called the "familia urbana", dom except by revolt. The third and was the "Nomenclator", the slave who usually cultivated and educated Greeks most famous slave revolt, led by remembered everyone and whispered in and Asiatics. Worse off were the Spartacus in 73-71 B.C., was initiated his master's ear the names and rank of "familia rustica", the rural or agricul­ by another hopeless group of slaves, the the people he met. Slaves actually tural slaves, consisting usually of Gauls, gladiators. dominated the trades and professions in Gennans, and Dacians who were strong The urban slaves were given nar­ Rome. They were the cooks, servants, and tough. The lowest class of slaves rowly defined, specialized jobs in the secretaries, entertainers, actors, masons, were the hard core rebels, defeated sol­ household. One was in charge of the carpenters, gladiators, and artists. In diers or criminals sentenced to hard labor silverware, another called the "janitor" the professions they were the physi­ in the mines or quarries. It should be was the doonnan. A clever slave could cians, surgeons, dentists, scribes, noted that the two great slave revolts in be the chamberlain or private secretary architects, and teachers. The Romans, Roman history took place among the of the master. Other highly trained bred into an agrarian society, consid­ fann slaves on plantations in Sicily in slaves were the "Scissores", the slaves ered manual labor, trades and business 135-132 S.C. and 104-100 s.c. These who cut up the food at the dining table. to be beneath them and left most of it to desperate slaves had little hope for free- A favorite slave in fictional literature the lowly slaves. Ownershipofiandand agriculture was the only honorable con­ cern for a Roman. The low social and legal status of LATIN HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE slaves is indicated by the fact that they Leopold The Hogmouth could never be used as soldiers, even in CHRISTENDOM (1657·1705) dire emergencies. Also, a slave could Coins of the Crusades give evidence in a court only under torture and with his master's pennis­ sion. At the same time, the profession of slave trader was held in contempt by all Romans. As the Romans prospered in the early empire, they acquired more slaves. A man's status was judged by the number of slaves he held-some aristocrats and large fann owners had thousands. A Bohemund VII very large group of state owned or pub­ THE HlSTORY lic slaves served as night watchmen, firemen, road and aqueduct maintenance By u.. lao 13th """""y 1110 ll .. of aold coiDo&< w .... doc:IiJ>o> '"'" oil_ ...... -em,,,,,", .. 1110 cim.ol_inI coia of workers, jailers, and executioners. """"'"""'. N_ tho ~co of .iI> ... ""...... u.. Highly educated slaves served as secre­ IIcono",; ... of Ib Seljukl of R"",. CHid..., Ar ....nia. oilTrobizoDd, __ o.m..eu. tile Nic:aan. &np~ l1l> ... 3 l1l>t. of ""u.. """...,.1100 r-"""proliloofleopold "'" HolJ'lOUib ate. TripoJ! obortly before Tripoli r.U 10 11>0 .... ol ..pt of !be with ~;ther 0 (III) or a (VI) .".,Iow ;lIdico,;nl 'be MomhW. II w.. oloo It.. lMl doDOmillOlIon; tho ,._ of tho tine bu_ ._. tile The recorded price paid for slaves coQ·of·..... of"'" Holy Rom.oa f!.mpata-. ODd 1100,._ or In 12066, Saint LoW. IX. Kin, oflhDoo imroduood tile It...ilt Kre ...... obow. It.. Modomot l1l>eJI olf""'" ia It.. ",.te, p..... for over twe.nI)' )'UZS. Kremnitz in Hungary. Choice EF show that unskilled slaves were sold at Pa:t of It.. boauty of Ihooo com. liN ill tho fO<'! !ba1 Iboy Order as CE Special 93-S4. ______.$75.00 ...... iwod ill cho .... ""oditioo """'I'amd 10 "'00' cr""ado. auction for 2,000 sesterces (sestertii) coino. A 3 & 6 KJeuzer (dales of our choice). and that skilled slaves cost 6,000 Choice EF Order as CE Speclal93-55. ____.$loo.oo sesterces. The sestertius was the de· THE COIN nomination used for accounting and ORDER TODAY. SATISFACTION CUARAIIoTEFJ).7 pricing procedures in the Roman world. Counts or Tripoli. Bohemund VlI (1275· DAY RETURN FOR AN\' REASON. NO CHARCE 1287). AR Gros. +SEPTIMVS BOEMVN­ FOR POSTACE. CHECK, MONEY ORDER, VISA OR Other documents indicate that after any DVS COMES, cross I +CIVITAS TRIPOUS Me • ALL RAlSED INFORMAnON. PA. SAU:S TAX war in the first century, the market was SVRIE, castle witll three loweu (D e'Lgn i. glutted, and a slave could be purchased heavily influenced by otller Crusader types). C lassical Numismatic Group, Inc. Porteoos 82, Metcalf3S8. Nice VF. for as little as 300 sesterces. AI the same Post Office Box 245 time, a mule cost 520 sesterces and a Quarryville, Pennsylvania 17566 freeman fann laborer was paid a denar­ OurOrrer ius, or 4 sesterces as daily wages. (717) 786·4013, Fax (717) 786·7954 A Gros of Bohemood VII. Pliny the Elder, the Roman historian Order as CE Special 93-45 _____.$135.00 ---IN OUR 18TH YEAR --- writing before A.D. 79, stated that the highest price paid fora slave in his time was 700,000 seslerces (175,000 --+ 12 The Celator MEDIEVAIA COINAGE

AXUM. JOHEL, 7t~ cent. A.D. AE 13. 0: 17. IIAROLD I, \035-40. AR Penny. 0: Crowned bust r. R: Cross. Vac. 60. ... F-YF55.00 +IIAR:.-OLD REA, busl I. wilh sceptre. 2. ARMAH, 8'~ cent. A.D. AE 19 0: R: ",BR· VNS -TON-DnE. long cross, Crowned king enthroned r. with crucifix. R: Cross withi n wreath of com cars. M.H. AE Heurs in quads. Moneyer Brunstan. la, Vac. 68v. Nju blue-green patina. VF-EF 120,00 Thetford mint. BMCVC, Glaster, Syl Cop. 3. HERACLIUS, 610-41. AE Follis. 615-17. 555. Rare...... VFIOCXl.OO 0: Hcraclius and H. Constantine stg. R: 18. HENRY VHf, 1509-47. AR Groat, 1526- 29. 0: Crowned bust r. I.m. rose. R: Long Large M, • above, ANNO t, '1 T., SELl cross quartering London. N. 1797. VF 175.00 [SU] in ex. Seleucia [sauriae. S. 845 . . . abtVF 185.00 arms. 4. LEO V the Armenian 813-820. AE Follis. 19. . ROBERT II, 1371 -90. AR 0: Bust of Leo, A I., €ON r, R: Bust of Groat. 0 : Busl 1. R: Long cross with Constantine. KON . Syracuse. 5.1638... abtEF 37.50 stars. Perth. Firw Stewart king. S.5136. abtVF 150.00 5. ARAB BYZANTTh.'E. 7'" cent. AE 12 . PlDLiP IV, 1285-131 4. AR Nummia. 0: Barbarous lu:l. r. R: 1+8. Gros Tournoi.>. 0 : +PhlLlPPVS·REX. iO arou nd cross, BNDlCTV:. etc. R: TVRO Palestine mint. Type O. S. 679n. RaTe. VF 150.00 NVS ClV1S, caslle. [2 lis. C. 202. VF-EF 175.00 6. SASSANIAN. Ardasher I 224-242. AR , I<'ERDINAND & ISABELLA, Draclun. 0 : Bust with capped crown. R: 1474-1504. AR 2 Real. 0: Crowned Fire altar. S.IO, G. 9. Beautiful bold style . . EF 7. XUSRO II 590-628. Year 28. 0: Bust r. in arms. R: Yoke & arrows. Seville. . . F- VF 110.00 . JOHN I, 1385-1433. Bill . winged crown, AFZ in border. R: Fire altar. attendants. Darabgard mint. GobI 214v. EF-UNCSS.OO Y.. Real. 0 : Crowned IhnS/L. R: Arms. 8. HEPHTHALITE (WHITE HUNS). AE Lisbon. Vaz 11.30 ...... EF 125.00 IS Unit. 7"' cent. A.D. 0: Bust r. R: Altar 23 ... , ERF1JRT under MAINZ. with one attendant and one row of pellets. Siegfried II v, Eppstcin, 1208-30. AR GobI 227-7; deMorgan, Napki Malkan. F Bractcate. 0 : Archbishop std. with crosier 9. AL-JAZIRAH. AI Ashraf Musa, 1210- and cn.tcifix. L.620. Evidence of paSI fold. EF+315.00 34 A.D. AE Dirham. A.H. 612. 0: Prince 24. ,. : BASEL, CITY, AR SId. facing. r. leg drawn up. R: Triangular Bracteate. c. 1500.0: City arms in shield. shield with inseT. Mayyafarqin. Balog Wuthr 68, Bon. 1774. Mini srute. . . FDC 90.00 849. . . abtVF HUNGARY, GEZA I, 1064-14 a~ Duke. 10. JERUSALEM. AMAURY I. 1162-73. AR Denar. +DVX MA0NAS. cross. R: Cut Gold Fragment. 0 : AMA, grid. R: +PANoNEIA. cross. Relhy 23. Rare . ... VF 135.00 Hexagram. l.09gm. Ex: R. Pe.mlli. TRANSYLVANIA. Gabriel Bathory, Met/Ash.162. F-VF 250.00 1608-13. AR Groschen, 1612. 0: Ducal II. ITALY. AQUILEIA. Antonio II, 1402- crown between 16[VGABBATHOfD·G· II AR Denaro. 0 : Arms. R: Eagle. PRIN·rrRAN·. R: Eagle. Nagybanya. VF·EF 57.50 Bernardi 67. .. EF 120.00 BOHEMIA. Bratislaw I, 1037-55. AR 12. NA PLES. Charles 1I d'Anjou, 128S- Denar. 0: +BRACISLAV, four crosses, 1309. Bill. Denaro Regale. 0 : +KAROL: annulet etr. R: VVENCEINVS, half fig. SCD:R€X. crowned facing bust. R: +1€R fae" arms raised. Don. 261. Crack. VF-EF 250.00 L':€T:SIC1L' ·, cross of fieurs. Cag.l. . W1adislaw II, 1138-46. AR Lovely portrail and Jcarce type. . ... VF Denar. 0 : dubbed by king holding 13. SALERNO. Capuan Domination, 977. sword. R: Knight fighting lion rampant 81. AE Half Follaro. 0: Faci ng bust of I.,tree behind. Kop. 4O.2rr. Rare. .. . abtEF 230.00 Christ nimbale, [IC] XC at sides. R: XC . Stefan VIII Ums IV, King RGfXC IMIPEj. Cap. 39. Rare. . F+ 133146, AR Gro,i. 0: 'mOneTA Re X 14. VENICE. Francesco I<'oscari, I 423-S7. ST€ FA. ornate crown. R: Christ AR Grosso. 0: Doge stg. r .. St. Mark at 1. enthroned, L V 10 sides. Jov. 35v. Scarce. VF 225.00 R: Christ std. facing. Gamb. 157. . F-VF32.50 31. WALLACHIA. Mircea eel Batrin, 1386 15. PAPAL. Urban V, 1362-70. AR Bolog­ -1 4 18. AR Ducat. 0: 100M PVaBO. nino. 0: ·V RB:PP:QNTS '·, facing mitred Mi rcea stg. R: Arms with elaborate crest. bust. R: +·INROMA·, U·R·B·\'· around· Buzdugan 21Ov...... YF 100.00 Berman 198v... . . VF 60.00 32. , BORIS GUl){)NOV, 1598- 16. ANGLO-SAXON. AETHELRED II, 1605. AR Kopek, 1599. 0: Czar riding r. 978-1016. AR Penny. 0: Busl l. R: with spear. R: Inser. Novgorod. Grey +OO R OLF M-O EQTRYI, Small cross. liming. Nice example ...... VF 135.00 Moneyer Dorolf. York mint. S.1154. 33. TEUTONIC ORDER. Michael Klich­ Open cracks. VF 245.00 meistcr v. Sternberg, 14 13-22. AR Schilling. 0: Arms. R: Arms. Sau ro 5022. F+ 37.50 All co;n. are guaranteed to t:>e geniune. hems may be relur ..d w;thin 32 t5 day,. Plea... make payment in U.s. funds and on;< U.S. bank. CT resident. pIe .... add .ale., tax. Mailing co'u a., fo llow< , l'1"chase below $150.00 S3 .50 ALEX G. MAUOY, INC. SI5O.00-199.00 . $100.00-299.00 "00 S300.00-999.00 ;ond outside US "$8.0050 Slooo.OO ""d over ...... $13.50 O. BOX 38 BOUTH SALEM Write or phoDe for OIlr late' t catalogues: NEW YORK 10:)90 Ancien! CO;n< Med; eval Coin' Ancient An and Antiquitie., (203) 438-0396 FAX (203) 438-6744

May 1993 13 denarii). This fabulous sum was paid by PROFESSIONAL REPRESENTATION the political leader Marcus Scaurus for the sl ave Daphnis, a famous Greek ACQUISITIONS AND LIQUIDATIONS grammarian. He also mentioned that HIGHEST LEVEL OF EXPERTISE slaves who became actors earned so much that they were able to purchase FEE FOR ACQUISITIONS AT DEALER­ their freedom within a short time. He 10% said an actor named Roscius earned SOURCE DIRECT COST. 500,CHJO sesterces per annum. Pliny FEE FOR ACQUISITIONS AT also said that the emperor Nero manumitted a slave for 13,000,000 5% INTERNA TfONAL AUCTION SALES. sesterces, the money being used to fi­ FEE FOR LlQUIDA TIONS PRIVA TEL Y nance the war with the Parthians in Annenia, A.D. 58-63.10 5% PLACED IN THE MARKETPLACE. Tocounteract runaway inflation, the FEE FOR SUPERVISION OF ORDERL Y emperor Diocletian issued a famous edict in A.D. 30 I, which set maximum prices LlQUIDA TfONS THROUGH 21/2% and established the ceiling for the cost INTERNA TfONAL AUCTION SALES. of services in the empire. This was the first attempt at price fixing in history, and the figures listed indicate the great STEVE L. RUBINGER increases in costs compared to the first Formerly of Numismatic Fine Arts International century. In the edict, the price of un­ Vice-President 1977-1981 President 1981-1992 skilled male slaves, aged between 16 and 40, was given at 30,000 denarii Over 20 years of Professional Experience (120,000 sesterces). A female slave of Over 100 Million Dol/ars in Professionally Marketed Sales the same age cost 25,(X)() denarii. For Inquiries Welcomed skilled slaves, the price was to be set by mutual agreement, but not to exceed Telephone (818) 592-2100 Fax (818) 592-2101 double the price for an unskilled slave 6320 Canoga Ave., Suite lnO Woodland Hills, CA 91367 of the same age or sex. Diocletian also set the wages for a freeman fann laborer at 25 denarii perday plus food, a twenty­ five fold increase over these wages in & the time of Augustus.1l Classical Coins Many freed slaves became promi­ Art of the Ancient World nent and successful Roman citizens. Pliny the Elder knew of three Greek. Etruscan, Roman, manumitted slaves, named Callistus, Egyptian, & Near Eastern Antiquities Pallas, and Narcissus, who were mil­ lionaires as wealthy as Marcus Crassus. Send for our new FREE full color 32 page brochure. Crassus, a triumvir with Caesar and Our full-color 50th Anniversary catalogue - Pompey in 60 B.C., was the wealthiest 96 pages, 466 objects - $10.00 person of his times, supposedly worth 200,000,000 sesterces.l2 Some ofthese freed slaves became personal advisors and secretaries to the emperors Au­ ~MEMBER gustus, Claudius, and Nero. ANA Because of the influence of these wealthy freedmen, many laws were in­ troduced to ease the burden of slavery. The emperor Claudius, A.D. 41-54, dic­ tated that slaves could not be executed Established 1942 when sick or old, and if they were turned out of the master's house when they were no longer useful, they immedi­ royal-athena galleries ately became free.13 Vespasian would Jerome M Eisenberg, Ph.D., Director not pennit slaves to be sold as prosti­ 153 Easl 57th St., New York, N.Y. ]0022 tutes. Domitian forbid the castration of Tel: (211)-3SS-1034 Fa;>; : (212).-688-04 12 slaves for commercial purposes. 332 North Beverly Dr., Beverly Hills, Ca. 90210 Hadrian abolished private prisons for Tel: (310)-550-1199 Fax: (310)-550-1395 slaves, decreed five years of banish­ Royal-Athena at B.A. Seaby Ltd. ment for women who mistreated 7 Davies Street, London WIY ILL, personal slaves, and forbid the killing of Tel: 071-495-2590 Fax: 071-491-1595 slaves without judicial sentence. 14 The Celator Antoninus Pius ruled that owners who killed a slave were to be charged with homicide. 14 The laws regarding slaves became so liberal over the years that the great Roman jurist Ulpian, who died in A.D. 226, could compose therenowned, classic statement that " As far as Roman law is concerned, slaves are regarded as nothing, but not so in natural law as well: because as far as the law of nature is concerned, all men are equal."lS Despite the fact that slavery played a large part in Roman society, it was rarely a subject to be portrayed on coinage. One of the few examples is a denarius of Servius Sulpicius, struck about 54 B.C. A denarius of Servius Su/picius, 54 B.C., showing B scene of a slave auction The reverse is believed to refer to the after a war. "The Co/Mae of the Roman Republlc-, by E.A. Sydenham, No. 931. proconsul P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus, who in the war with Philip of Macedon, 209-208 B.C., was victori us in a great naval battle. The coin's reverse shows an elaborate naval with an an­ chor, a rudder, prows, and the curved stem ornaments of ships called aplustres. A naked Greek captive, with hands bound, is shown at the right before an upright spear which is seen above his head. Heis beingsold into slavery, "sub hasta". At the left is a figure in a toga who is a Greek, probably ransoming his citizens. Both figures wear a Kausia, a Greek, brimmed cap made of felt. This hat is associated with the regal ia of Macedonian royalty and iden­ tifies the wearers as Macedonians. The A post-reform bronze centenfonalls of COf)srans. struck A.D. 348-350, obverse portrays a bust of the god Apollo. showing tile faldng of a captive doomed to slavery. RIC 103. A later, common coin struck by the emperor Constans, A.D. 337-350, por­ civilians were subjected to official, or­ privileges and benefits, including the trays a pathetic scene of the taking of a young barbarian captive from a hut. ganized starvation and mass murder dole of free food. Compare this to the without being given the alternative of There is no doubt that the young man is way some modern European countries life through enslavement. mistreat and then expel the "Foreign destined to a life of hardsh ip as a slave. Some historians of ancient history Workers", who are really economic The legend on the reverse is FEL TEMP claim that slavery was useful because it slaves, brought into their cities to dothe REPARATIO, the abbreviati on for was the only method the Romans had of FELIX TEMPORUM REPARATIO,. menial work thei r own citizens will not integrating outsiders or foreigners into The inscription can be loosely trans­ do. their own society. 16 Freed slaves im­ At a higher philosophical level, one lated as "happy times are here again", mediately became "freedmen" and but this applied only to the Romans. may say that the institution of ancient Roman citi zens, fully entitled to al l the slavery gave birth to the great humani- Slavery is abhorrent, but viewed within the perspective of ancient his­ !Ory, it may have been the lesser of two great evils. In most cases, enslavement was the only alternative to the mass slaughter or starvation of the capti ve people whose land had been totally plundered and destroyed. A Roman general could not feed the large num­ bers of destitute civilians and defeated soldiers after a war, and theironIy chance for survival was slavery. This does not justify it, but as such, enslavement was a small step away from the usual barbar­ ityofthe times. Our modern society has not progressed very much farther. Dur­ ing the Second World War, captive May 1993 15 rarianism which underliesourownsoci­ AN IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT! ! ! elies and reli gions. The traumatic experience of ensla vemenl for the bibl j. cal Israeli tes in Egypt became the THOMAS & CO. foundation stone and the inspiration for the great Judaeo·Christian moral code Rare Coins, Stamps, & Autographs of compassion, mercy and love for oth· (a div. of Cons. Collect. Ent. Corp.) ers, even the stranger. Quoting the Bible, "·the stranger (slave) who resides with located at Harmer-Rooke Galleries you shall be to you as one of your 3 E. 57th St. (6th Floor), New York City, NY 10022 citizens: you shall love him as yourself, fo r you were strangers (slaves) in the A complete collectors gallery selling: land of Egypt: Leviticus, 19.34. Footnotes: ancients, medieval, foreign, U.S., coins, tokens, , I Th e Gardens of Pompeii, by W. and paper money, along with & foreign stamps, Jashemski. (Caral zas Brothers Publish· u.s. ing, New York. 1979). Page 209 and & historical and popular autographs inc. sports better descri bed in an article in the .A.mericanJournnlof.A.rchaeo!ogy, No. 74, personalities (sorry - no baseball cards). 1970, page 69. 2 The coins in the excavation report are referenced to Coins of th e Roman Em­ THOMAS & CO. pire, (Bri tish Museum Catalogues). The Thomas Tesoriero, Director numbers are as follows: Agri ppa. I as, BMC I, 161;Tibe ri us,2 asses, both BMC Phone (2 12) 751· 1903 or (2 12) 751· 1904 - Fax (2 12) 758·1713 1,91; Claudius, 3 asses, BMC I, 201,204. Gallery hours: 10·5 on weekdays, 10·2 on Sat. 206; Vespasian, 2dupondii, BMC II. 591. 698 va r., 4 asses, BMC II, 617, 700. 700 Visa & Mastercard Accepted var. and I corroded and unrecognizable; Titus under Vespasian, 2 asses, BMC II , " The next time you are in NYC. remember 708, 711 ; Domitian under Vespasian, 1 there is more than one place fo r a collector to visit on 57th St." as, BMC II, 688 var. 3 Roman Life, by Mary Johnston, (Scott, Foresman and Co., Chicago, 1957), page 160. 4 The History of Rome, by Li vy. Book XXIII, 37.12, Book XXXIX. 42.1 and Book XLI, 11.8. 5 The Twelve Caesars, by Suetonius. Julius PALLADIUM Caesar, IV. 6 Geography, by Slrabo. Book XIV, 5.2. 7 The Twelve Caesars, by Sueloni us. Au­ NUMISMATICS gustus XL. 8 Roman Antiquities, IV, xxiv, 4·8, by • A full-service firm for collectors of Classical Dionys ius of Haliearnassus, translated by E. Cary, (Loeb Classical Library, coins and antiquities in all price ranges. Cambrid ge, 1937-50). 9 Economic Survey of Ancient Rom e, by Tenney Frank, (Pageant Books, New Jer­ • We issue regular illustrated Bid·Or·Buy sey, 1959), page 255 . catalogs and attend most major coin shows. 10 Natural History, Pliny the Elder. Book VII. 39. 11 Diocletian's MEd ict of Max imum • We service want lists and will assist you in Prices", given in Roman Civiliza tion, developing your collection. Vol. II, edited by N. Lewis and M. Reinhold, (Harper Torchbooks, New York, 1966), pages 464-72. • To receive a free catalog, please 12 PlinylheElder,asabove. BookXXXllI, 134. call or write: 13 Th e Twelve Caesars, by Suetonius. Claudius. XXV. 14 Roman Civilization, Vol n . as above, PALLADIUM NUMISMATICS page 264. 15 Recorded in the Digests of the emperor 4125 W. Mineral King, Suite 316 Justinian and attributed to Ulpian. David S. Michaels, Visalia, CA 93277 Digesta Justinia n, L. xvii. 32. 16 Greek and Roman Slavery, by Thomas Classical Numismatist (209) 636-0945 Weidemann, (John Hopki ns Unive rs it y Press, Baltimore, 1981 ), page 13. ~

16 The Celator G. HIRSCH OF MUNICH ANNOUNCES

AN IMPORTANT PUBLIC AUCTION OF ANCIENT AND FOREIGN COINS • • AND ANTIQUITIES

Leontinoi Selinus Maroneia (DM 22(0) (DM 5(00) (DM 35(0)

Roman Republic - AU 60 As (DM 6750)

Nero Marcus Aurelius (DM 7500) (DM 8500) AUCTION NR. 178 12-14 May, 1993

~------,Miinzenhandlung . Catalogued and sold by I Gerhard Hirsch Nachf. I I Promcnadeplatz 10, D-8000 Miinchcn 2, Germany I Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger I Enclosed please find $25.00 for your May 12-14, 1993 I I Auction Sale Catalogue and Prices Realized (after sale) I Promenadeplatz 10 D-8000 Munchen 2, Germany I Name I Telefon (089) 29 2 1 50 I Street I Telefax (089) 2283675 IL Ci ______ty State Zip ~I

May 1gg3 17 The Scipio legend: A question of portraiture

by Todd Kirkby

When examining the history of the three in hand, and vowed to kill anyone who would not take Iheoath brutal personalities come to mind: Julius Caesar, Sulla, and to fight for Rome. From this point on the tide of the war Scipio Africanus. All of these leaders were revered amongst gradually turned against the Barcid forces. the Roman people and were notorious for being both brilliant In 218 B.C. al PlaceOlia, Scipio Africanusexhibiled bravery and ferocious. Scipio Africanus was responsible for prescrv· when he saved his surrounded father from certain death by ing the Roman empire by defeating the powerful Carthaginian riding in on his horse and rescuing him. His father and uncle forces of Hannibal in the second Punic War. were later killed in a similar engagement in Spain in 212 B.c. when their forces became separated. Around 209 S.C Scipio's reputalion began 10 grow rapidly A Brief History Scipio Africanus was born in 236 B.C. to because of his mi li tary successes and his ability to Publius Cornelius Scipio (Consul in 218 bring the Spanish tribes back into Roman B.C.) and Pomponia, who was the allegiance. During Scipio's various victo­ rious engagements, he acted with daughter ora consul. Together with compassion and ruthlessness when his younger brother Lucius, Scipio dealing with the defeated enemy. Africanus was raised 10 revere It was not uncommon for him to the military and panicipale in massacre an entire tribe that the pol ilical process of the day. had been loyal to the In 218 S.C the second Carthaginians. Punic War began with the Against the wishes of Canhaginian invasion of some key members of the Saguntum, Spain. This resulted in a Roman dec­ Roman bureaucracy, Scipio set out to invade laration of war and a Africa. This move would ready Canhaginian ac­ finally lure Hannibal out ceptance. Hannibal of Italy after 16 long marched nonh through years of battle. In 202 Gaul, passing Publius B.C. Hannibal was de­ Scipio as he made his feated in Nonh Africa way through the Alps. during the battle ofZama Publius Scipio exhibited by the army of Scipio admirable restraint when Africanus. In the end he seOl the main body of Hannibal's brilliance was his legions iOlo Spain to cut not enough to save him from off any of Hannibal's en­ the critical mistake ofhesitat­ ile he forcement columns wh ing to invade Rome and the went back to Rome to raise an­ ability of the Roman leaders to other army. This move was critical improve on his strategy. in saving the Romans from an early A short time after Scipio's victory defea!. over Hannibal, he was given the sur­ In 216 B.C the Romans were badly name Africanus-this being the first time out-maneuvered by Hannibal's army at that a general was celebrated by receiving the Cannaeand were virtually wiped out. Hannibal Figure 1 name of the country that he defeated. As Scipio was able to defeat the Roman forces in almost advanced in years, his military genius was over­ every engagement. His plan for the final Gold signet ring from Capua, sign9d by Herakfeidas. shadowed by younger egos with fresh conquests. assault on Rome was muddled by thoughts of The portrait Is believed to be Scipio went inlO retirement and died in l84 B.c. defeating the Italian allies. It was during this that of Scipio Africanus. hiatus Ihal Scipio Africanus made hi s first appearance of historical significance. Portraiture? Several of the Roman leaders were planning the manage­ The question of the existence of a Scipio pomait on any meOl of Rome's defeat at Canusium, in the Italian province of coins must be handled with caution, as there is little concrete Apulia. The young Scipio broke iOlo the meeting place, sword infonnation with which to help us fonn a sound conclusion. It 18 The Ce/ator is only pertinent that we begin by exam­ ining the facts, and then explore the possibilities. Dr. Busso Peus Nachf. - NUMISMATISTS AND AUCTIONEERS SINCE 1870- Physical Appearance Very little literature describing the appearance of Scipio Africanus survives to this day. Livy describes him as hav­ ing long hair, and his rivals criticized him as being unconventionally dressed. Silius ltalicus paints a similar picture, although in a little more detail, as hav­ in g hair over the brow ,long hair flowing • PURCHASE AND SALE OF ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND in the back, and eyes that showed calm­ MODERN COINS AND MEDALS AS WELL AS OF IMPORTANT ness or could cause someone to shudder. NUM ISMATIC LIBRARIES Unfortunately, it can only be concluded that Scipio was a very persuasive and • AT LEAST TWO PUBLIC AUCTIONS / MAIL BID SALES A YEAR charismatic leader who had long hair • APPRAISALS AND EXPERT ADVICE and eyes that would be expected of such • ATTENDING MOST MAJOR INTERNATIONAL SALES a successful military leader. To answer other questions regardi ng ON BEHALF OF CLIENTS his appearance we must look for clues Catalogs available by subscription at a biennia! rate of U.S. $40 (4 issues). such as the gold signet ring found at be Capua. In the Naples Museum, a left­ Payments may D21 made by Credit Card ward facing portrait exists on a gold PLEASE CONTACT US FOR FURTHER INFORMATION signet ring from Capua with the signa­ ture of the artist Herakleidas. This ring Bornwiesenweg 34, is thought by some historians to have D-6000 Frankfurt a,M, 1 the portrait of Scipio engraved on it. GERMANY The main reason for this assumption is • that the style, the artist's signature, and • PHONE 49-69-5970281 FAX 49-69·555995 the form of the ring all seem to indicate a late third or early second century ori­ gin. Valerius Maximus wrote of such a ring that belonged to Lucius, Scipio Africanus' son. Thisreferencedescribes Lucius' gold ring in the following man­ Miinzen und Medaillen AG ner: "Upon the ring the head of Africanus is engraved". Thering (Figure 1) shows 1942-1993 a leftward facing portrait of a man in For 51 years we have been serving what appears to be his mid-thirties, with hair that is long in back and combed collectors of Ancient Coins,.. over the brow. This person also has a and we would like to serve you too! long pointed nose, a pronounced chin, and a slight "Adam's Apple".

COinage Canusium A coin bearing a striking resemblance to the ring from Capua and fitting the • Monthly Illustrated Fixed Price Lists· descriptions of early writers is a rare AE21 bronze coin minted at Canusium • Public Sales· Appraisals· Buying and Selling in Apulia. This coin was minted circa • Large Stock in All Price Ranges . 200 B.C., possibly in commemoration of the young Scipio's heroics in Canu­ Please ~end usyolJr want list, W'ewillfill it! sium, after the battle of Cannae in 216 B.C., where Scipio rallied the Roman Please contact: leaders to take a stand against the Carthaginians. This event was of great Miinzen und Medaillen AG historical significance to early Rome and is detailed by Livy. It is possible P.O. Box 3647 • Malzgasse 25 that the historical events at Canusium CH - 4002, Basel, Switzerland could have prompted the people of this community to strike an issue resem­ Tel. (061) 272 75 44 Fax. (061) 272 75 14 bling Scipio in honor of his heroics. May 1993 19 This coin is an interruption in the typical celator styles of the time, and of those previously minted in Canusium. The head is again facing left (Figure 2) with hair combed over the brow, long harrin the back, a long pointed nose, and a prominent chin. The reverse depicts a horseman galloping right, brandishing a lance, with the legend KANYEINnN below. In his younger years, Scipio was a of a cavalry unit, and at the Figure 2 battle of Ticinus he rescued his father Bronze 21 mm of Canusium, while in a cavalry unit. He was also an struck ca. 200 B.C. The portrait advocate of keeping the Roman anny resembles the Capua ring, and is mobile with an ample supply of cavalry. thought to be SCipio Africanus This may be the reason for the cavalry­ man on the reverse of Ihi s coin. very long period of time. The coins that New Carthage are thought to follow this issue resume A series of artistically crude silver with the more traditional motifs found and bronze coins were minted at New on earlier "non-Roman" coins. Carthage, Spain, in the late third cen­ In 209 B.C. Scipio defeated Magoat Figure 3 tury. The portrait on these coins bears a New Carthage and subsequently seized Top: Coin of the Barcids with close resemblance to the Canusium its mint, along with 1,000 talents of a portrait of Melqart. Bottom: pieces, although they do appear to be of silver. After this victory it is possible Silver shekel of New Carthage a younger person. These coins retain that the Spaniards of New Carthage is­ with a Romanized bust (Scipio?). the Punic reverse, and the weight and sued a series of silver and copper coins denomination remains the same as pre­ honoring this victorious Roman whom vious issues. Theobverseportrait makes they had hailed as a king (they had coins after the Roman siege, they most a drastic change from a series of probably been issuing coins in honor of certainly would not be pennitted to strike Africanized busts to a leftward facing the Barcid kings for about 35 years). coins with the busts of the Barcid roy­ bust that is Roman in appearance (Fig­ It is known that New Carthage had alty on them. Asubstitute portrait would ure 3, and "A Portrait of Scipio very important mines and was also a have to be manufactured, and there Africanus'?" sidebar). This series is critical mint for the area. If the Span­ would be no better subject than that of rare, and was probably not issued for a iards were allowed to continue 10 strike their new triumphant leader. Scipio later defeated Hasdrubal at Baecula in early 208 B.C. When the Spaniards declared him king, he quickly A Portrait of Scipio Africanus? silenced them and told them that if they thought of him as such they must keep it to themselves. Scipio explained to them that the title was not acceptable in Rome. The Spaniards complied with his wishes and remained silent. He was able to accept the title of Imperator; the first time a Roman anny had ever referred to Silverdidrachm of New Carthage, Spain. Struck ca. 209 B.C. Obv. Head of Scipio one of it's generals in this manner. Africanus (?) left. Rev. Horse standing before tree. Sear 6573. Speculatively, this reaction of Scipio's may be in response to being castigated In 237 B.C. Hamilcar Barca left Carthage to extend Carthaginian holdings in Spain, by members of the Roman bureaucracy where in 228 B.C. his successor, Hasdrubal, founded New Carthage. In 217 B.C. for allowing coins with his portrait to be Hannibal, the son of Hamilcar Barca, left New Carthage for his invasion of Italy. In minted. 210 B.C., the Roman Senate placed Publius Cornelius Scipio, only twenty five years The change away from the "Roman of age at the time, in command of an army in Spain. Scipio distinguished himself as portrait" may be attributed to the New one of the greatest military commanders in antiquity. In 209 B.C. his army captured New Carthage in Spain. Scipio promised freedom after the war to all artisans who Carthaginians issuing this series while worked di ligently, and soon the mini in New Carthage began producing coins with not realizing that the Romans viewed a distinctly Roman obverse portrait re placing the earlier portraits of Melqart. The coin portraiture as an honor only forthe reverse type remained Phoenician, but the broad head, prominent nose, and Greek monarchies (the young Scipio changed hair style were something new and distinct from the earlier issues of the may also have made this mistake). The Barcids. Although the absence of inscriptions leaves some room for doubt, and coins may have been viewed by Scipio controversy, several prominent scholars contend that this could be none other than as being a strictly provincial issue, but Scipio, whose laterdefeatof Hannibal ended the Second Punic War and earned him some probably found their way back to the title Africanus. According to Toynbee and Robinson, th is coin is probably the first Rome. When the likeness between the numismatic portrait of a living Roman. general and these coins was noticed, the minting of such pieces would -+ 20 The Ce/ator LEU AUCTION 57 25 May 1993, Hotel Savoy-Baur en Ville, Zurich, Switzerland

Our fifty-seventh sale contains 326 lots of Greek and Roman coins, including a special group of drachms of Parthia and the extensive, and well-known, collection of coins of the Julio-Claudians belonging to Bob Levy. The sale concludes with 396 lots of important numismatic books, some from the famous Dattari library, and many in exceptional condition.

We are also pleased to announce that, on the following day, we will be holding a joint sale with Numismatica Ars Classica of Zurich, of aI'\ exceptionally important and rich collection of Byzantine coins. This group includes many of the greatest rarities of the series, as well as coins of the barbarian kingdoms of the West.

The fully illustrated catalogues cost $25. each, including postage and prices realized Leu Numismatics Ltd In Gassen 20, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland Telephone 41 1211 4772 Telefax 41 1 211 4686

May1993 21 have to have been instantly halted to senior fi gure than that of the other pos­ avoid political mutiny in Rome. The sible examples. This portrait shows a pieces that were readily available in fi gure facing right, wearing a Corinthian circulation would be destroyed, also ex­ helmet. The face is more aged, showing plaining the scarcity of this issue. some lines, the nose is long and pointed, Further support for this theory is and the neck is long with a prominent found in Livy's discussion of Scipio's "Adam's Apple". On some of these senatorial requesl for permission 10 in­ coins the long hair is visible from under vade Hannibal's homeland of Africa the helmet. whil e Hannibal was still in Italy. This This ponrait was probably made from proposal was met with harsh opposi­ a statue or other work which showed his lion, of which Quintus Fabius Maximus features in a more advanced age. It is took the lead. He declared "Scipio has known that during the time the Blasia been made consul, not for his own per­ denari us was struck, ponraits of Scipio sonal benelit but 10 serve the country were quite common. There is also a .. . the anned forces have been raised for possibility that this portrait represents a the prOl ection ofRomeand Italy, not for different ancestor of Blasia, or possibly arrogant consuls who fan cy themselves Figure 4 a Roman god. kings". There is a possibility that this Denarius of Cnaeus Cornelius statement is a result of some of the New Blasfo, struck 112-111 B.C. Blasia claimed relation to Scipio, Arguments Against a Portrait Canhage pieces surfacing in Rome. It "The ponraits donol look the same." was not until much later, when Julius and this may be Intended as a portrait of the general. Although all of the portraits do not look Caesar au thorized his portrait on a coin, exactly alike, they seem to have the that this practice became acceptable in same features; a long pointed nose, a Rome. Triad on the reverse in which stood the prominent chin, an "Adam's Apple", statues of Juno, Jupiter, Minerva, and and long hair combed over the brow. It Blasia later that of Scipio Africanus. Scipio is possible that these could be ponraits Cnaeus Cornelius Blasia claimed claimed to bedivinely linked with Jupi­ of deities. or simply not related. An­ relati on to the general, as all members ter, and is thought to have frequented other possibility may be that the portraits of the Comelia gens did. Blasio struck the Capitoline temple. are of the same individual, but of differ­ a denarius (Figure 4) with a helmeted If this portrait does represent Scipio ent anistic styles relating to the di ff erent head facing right and the Capitoline Africanus, it would probably be a more regions and time periods in which they were struck. "Punic coins continued to be minted after Ihe "Roman" series was minted at New Carthage." No one knows for sure if this statement is true. However, many SPINK. THE OLDEST Spanish references list issues chrono­ logically, and place this issue as the laSI ESTABLISHED COIN before the imperial coins of Rome were minted about 150 years later. A precise BUSINESS TN THE dating of the New Carthage pieces and the Punic coins thought to preceed this WOHLD. series has not been accomplished. The most convincing argument against a ponrait is the lack of any Coins rrom ancient to modern bought and sold· Free verbal valuations surviving ancient documentation ex­ Expert impartial advice given· Coins bough t outright, or sold on commission pl icitl y denoting the existence of Ihis. Regular auctions held - please send forour current list · Publishers and stockists of Some of the surviving literature pro. numismatic books . Publishers of The Numismatic Circular since 1892 • Advice and vides us with some implications that purchase at auct ion sales on coll ectors' be:lalf - all major sales attended. existing portraiture may survive to this t 'or fl/rlh er information on anciefll coills COlltact day. These implications can only be John !'ell. held as evidence supponing this if cer­ Quote The Celalof for a free edition of The Numismatic Circular, OUf fixed price list of coins of all the series and a tain assumptions are thought to be valid. forum for numismatic de bate. Subscripci on SSS (10 issues). Although some of the above scenarios may not be fact. it does seem probable that at least some of these assumptions are lrue, and therefore, that there is a likelihood of the existence of a Scipio portrait (Fi gure 5).

Conclusion After reviewing the information S PIS~" SO~ 1.11).~ . • &. J KIS(; STKI'H. H JAMES's' I.QNOON SW IY 60S. TEL Oi l·9J() 1SAA. FAX: 011·8)9 48n TELEX: 91671 1. available and examining it in a logical [neb>" """'Klp ' OO W.. nroIour> - Si ~·<>. ".,1<.-) on.! J'afi<'''t!Jh". 0rirnuI. ""'" wl.-Aft ·T," i ~· M

22 The Celator IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN ANCIENT, HAMMERED OR MILLED COINAGE THEN YOU SHOULD BE READING ..•

COIN NEWS Britain's ONI.Y coin magazine ANCIENTS * MEDIEVAL * MODERN FigureS BANKNOTES • TOKENS • MEDALS A groon basalt bust of Scipio NEWS * VIEWS * TIPS * TOPICS Africanus in the Cabinet de France COMPETITIONS * PRICE GUIDE, etc., etc. (Duruy, History of Aome). Send $2/ or sample back issue ing that at least some of these coins TOKEN PUBLISHING LTD. probably were minted with the idea of lOS HIGH STREET, HONITON, DEVON EX14 8PE placing a portrait of the Roman general on them. The evidence seems to indi· Telephone: 0404 45414 Fax: 0404 45313 cate: the coins of Canusium were probably a conunemorative issue, the coins of New Carthage were a political blunder by a young general, and the coins minted by Blasia may have been struck as a deity with features resem­ ANCIENT COIN SPECIALIST bling those of Scipio Africanus almost GREEK, ROMAN, BYZANTINE COINS a century aner his death, using artistic models available during that time. AND CLASSICAL ANTIQUITIES When available, these coins areusu­ al ly sold as portraits of Sci pio Africanus by most dealers, and listed as such by many references on ancient coins. AI· though many questions exist, it can certainly bestated that we will probably never know for sure if these coins are attributed to Scipio unless some ancient writings emerge or a new issue is dis­ covered that has a legend identify ing a simil ar portrait.

Bibliography Scipio A/riconus: Soldiu and Politician, by H.H. SClIllard. Roman Historical Portraits, by 1.M.C. Toynbee. SAMPLE CATALOG UPON REQUEST The War With Hannibal, by Til liS Livius (translated by Aubrey De Selincourt). Roman Silver Coins, by H.A. Seaby. EDWARD J. WADDELL, Ltd. lAs Monedas Hispano-Cartaginesa, by L. Villatonga. 444 N. Frederick Avenue, Suite 316, Dept. D Punic Coins 0/ Ancient Spain, by E.S.G. Gaithersburg, MD 20877 - ,_ Robinson. • (301) 990-7446 FAX: (301) 990-3712 - -..•.•.-

May 1993 23 Hirsch auction celebrates their 40th anniversary

The Munich firm Gerhard Hirsch each. Also estimated at DM 6,000 is a Marcus Aurelius with Providentia Nachfolger will be conducting a multi­ gold slatere! the Seleucid king Seleukos reverse (est. OM 8,500). session Ju bilee Auction (No. 178) II Kallinikos (246-226 B.C.) in EF The sale also offers selections of celebrating their 40th Anniversary. The condition. Concluding the highlights of Byzantine and Ostrogothiccoinage and sale of ancient and world coins is selfor the Greek coinage is a dekadrachm a small section of numismatic literature. May 12-14, and offers approximately (246-221 B.C.) of Berenike II, the wife of 1300 lots 01 ancients. ptolemy III. leading off the 500 lots of Greek coinage is a tetradrachm of Panormos,

Aureus of Hadrian

Gold stater of Seleukos II Kallinikos Auction catalogs are available for $25 (including prices realized) from Gerhard Archaic tetradrachm of An anonymous 60 as of 211-207 Hirsch Nachfolger, Promenadeplatz 10, B.C. in EF condition begins the Roman 0-8000 Munchen 2, Germany, or by Sicily (370-360 B.C.) estimated at DM Republican coinage with an estimate of calling (089) 29 21 50. 4,000. Other highlights include an DM 6,750. Also prominent is a denarius Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger has a extremely fine tetradrachm of Selin us of Sextus Pompey (42-40 B.C.) A family tradition of 100 years of (466-415 B.C., est. OM 5,000) and an denarius of Nero Claudius Drusus (38- numismatic experience. An uncle, example of Maroneia in Thrace (385- g B.C.) is followed by a sestertius of Heinrich Hirsch, began his career with 360 B.C., est. OM 4,000). An archaic Agrippina Senior (15 B.C.-A.D. 33), the Ihefirm Otto Helbing Nachfolger in 1922. tetradrachm of Athens (490-482 B.C.) wife of Germanicus (est. OM 7,000). The current firm originated in 1953, in very fine condition and an electrum Roman aurei include examples of Nero established by Gerhard Hirsch. It is stater of Kyzikos (450-400 B.C ., 15.97 (est. OM 7,500) and Hadrian (est. OM presently being operated by Francisca gm) are expected to fetch OM 6,000 7,500), as well as an EF example of Bernheimer.

Have your coins professionally researched and catalogued through the Eastern coinage DA VID R. SEAR featured in Persic Ancient Coin Certification Service (A.e.C.S.) Gallery's List 32

Each coin submilled will be personally examined by David R. Sear, accurately described, Over 400 lots of Islamic, Indian, complete with citation of references, and graded. Additionally, the Detailed Fonnat includes Baktrian, and Central Asian coinage are a full commentary on the historical and nwnismatic background of the piea. being offered for sale at fixed prices in The information is presented on an attractive laminated certificate complete with Persic Gallery's List 32. Leading off the high quality black and white photograph. selections are 26 lots of gold coins, Fees: $35.00 per coin (Detailed Format) $25.00 per coin (Basic Format) followed by Baktrian, Indo-Scythian, Indo·Parthian and Parthian types. For EXPRESS SERVICE (3 di.y, turn-aroundfrom dole ofuceipt) add $15.00 pu coin Islamic coinage includes Umayyad and (m/lXimum of 5 coin, per ,ubmi,,;on) Abbasid issues, as well as those of P/eas~ submit by ugistered mai/and odd sufficient to your remilUlnce /0 cover cost of rtlurn Mughal and Durrani. Milled coinage of mailing ($8.00 up to $1.000 mlue; $10.00 up /0 $5,000 mIue; $12.50 up to $/0,000 value; the world and a wholesale section $15.00 up to $15,OiXI value). Furthu information and submission forms sent all request. conclude the presentation. Ordus acc~plt dfor autograplud copies of the Seaby catalogues This list offers a great variety of other on Greek, Roman, and Byzantine coi/Ulge. coins, too numerous to mention, and Checks and M.O. 's payable to "DA VID R.. SEAR" features 18 plates of illustrations. The comprehensive coverage of this area hems/or tM Ancient Coin Certification Service may be submitted directly to should offer something for every David R. Sear, P.O. Box 5004, Chatsworth, CA 91313 collector of eastern coinage. Most of the items are priced at less then $100. or, if more convtnient, through one oftht following Authorized Submission C ~ nters: but some interesting highlights are Classical Numismatic Group, Inc" P,O. Box 245, Quarryville, PA 17566 Harlan J, Berk, Ltd,,31 N. Clark Street, Chicago, IL 60602 sprinkled in as well. Seaby Coins, 7 Davies Street, London, WI Y ILL, England Copies of List 32 may be obtained from Persic Gallery, P.O. Box 10317, Phone (818) 993·7363 Fax (818) 993-6119 Torrance, CA 90505; phone (310) 326- 8866. 24 The Celator ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN COINS IF YOU BUY QUA LITY COINS LIKE THESE, PLEASE CONTACT US

TYRE, . ANe. 126-125 B.C. Sil­ ver tetradrachm. 0: Head 01 Melgarth. A: Eagle on prow. SG5918v. 14.31 gm. The shekel 01 Tyro, the "thirty pieces of silver"used to pay Judas. EF/EF $450 2 ANTIOC HOS VI, OI ON 'fSOS. The Seleucid Kingdom. 145·1 42 B.C. Silver talradrachm. 0: His radia te bull. A: The Dioscuri. SG7072. 16.38 gm. A scare. type in unusually nice condition. VF+fVF+ $1 200 3 SIDE, PAMPHYLIA. 2nd·1s1 Century B.C. Silver tetradflchm. 0: Head 01 Athena in crested Corinthian helmet. R: Nike. SG5436. 16.25 gm. EF/EF $475 4 ATHEN S, ATTICA. 449·413 B.C. 0: Head 01 Athena. A: Owl, crescent moon, and oli~e twig. SG2526. 17.09gm. Thlsissuewas struck to build the Parthenon. EF-/EF- $1150 5 PHILIP II, MACEDONI A. 359·336 B.C. Silver tatrlldrachm. 0: Haad 01 Zaus. R: Naked youlh on hor.. . SG66SOv. 14.58 gm. Nice lone. EF-{EF- $11 15 6 ASPENDDS, PA MPHYLIA. 370·330 B.C. Slivet slalar. 0 : Two naked wrastla... R: Slingar, Iriskalas 01 human lags in field. SNG von Auloek 4562V. 10.13 gm. VF~fV F ~ $525 7 A NCIENT JUDAEA. A.D. 66-69. Silvar shakal. Firsl Ravolt. 0 : Chalice. R: Starn with thraa flUils. Handin 121 . 13.63 gm. Beaulilul lona. A eoin of hlstorieal signilieanoo. EF/EF $1800 8 TURAISO, Cltarlor Provlnea, Sp ain. 204-154 B.C. Silvar draehm. 0 : Male head. R: Horse· man. S63O. 3.78 11m. Toned. EF/EF $2115 II ANONYMOUS. 225·21 2B.C. Silverdidraehm. 0: Head 01 Janul. R: Jupitar in quadriga driven by VICtory. S.aby 23 . 6.58 gm. Lalge lIan, beautiful style, n~ lone. VF+(VF+ $1185 10 CASSIA 10. 63 B.C. 0: Bust 01 Vesta. Kylix behind. R: Mala lillura dropping lablat into a cista. Syd. 935. VF~fV F + $155 11 POSTUMI A 8. 81 B.C. 0: Veiled head 01 Hispania. R: Togate man,lasces and Roman eagle. Syd. 746. 3.80 gm. EF/EF $325 12 JULIUS CAESAR. 411-46 B.C. 0: Elephant trampling sarpant, CAESAR. R: Priast's implements. Seaby 49. 3.61 gm. VF+fVF+ $445 13 TIBERIUS. A.D. 14-37. R: Livia as Pax. Seaby 16a. 3.56 gm. The "tribute penny" 01 B ib~cal lame. VF+fVF+ $275 14 TIBER IUS &. AUGUSTUS. A.D. 14-37. BiI· Ion 'elradrachm. 0 : Head 01 Tiberius. R: Head 01 Augustu • . SNG Cop. 41. 14.15gm. EF/EF $985 15 CONSTANTIUS II. A.D. 337,361. Gold solidus. A: Roma and Conslanlinopolis. RIC 81 Antioeh. 4.42 gm. Sharp detail. Ef/EF $925 16 CONSTANTIUS II. A.D. 350. Issued by VETRANIO. Follis. R: Emparor holding two labara with Chi Rho. RIC 273 Sisda. 4.33 gm. Scarce type with sharp reverse dalail. Nice tone. VF ~fV F + $145 YOU MAY CALL (303) 226-5704 TO RESERVE THESE COINS THOMAS P. McKENNA P.O. Box 1356, Fort Collins, Colorado 80522

May 1993 25 People in the News

Christie's adds Gainor as Canadian representative

James Lamb, Vice President and Suzanne Davis, President of without very specialized knowledge, head of Christie's Coin Department in Christie's Canada, which is celebrating which is precisely where Christie's can New York, announced the appointment its 25th Anniversary this year, says "I be of assistance, not only to collectors of John Gainor as Specialist in Christie's am delighted that we will now be able to but also to lavvyers and trust officers.· U.S. Coin Department. Th e provide a strengthened service to our Additional information may be announcement took place in Torontoon numismatic collectors in Canada: Davis obtained Irom Suzanne Davis or Nancy March 25th. Gainor will be Christie's also adds that ·coins and banknotes Yates at Christie's Toronto office by numismatic representative in Canada. can be particularly difficult to appraise calling (416) 960-2063. John Gainor received a degree in Classics from York University. He has written articles for The Canadian NumismaticJoumal, GanadianAntiquer Fearon joins Bonhams as head of and Collector, Canada Coin News, The Celator, and TheAnvif, He isaGovernor their new coin and department of the Classical and Medieval Numismatic Society, an Appraiser fo r Bonhams, a London-based auction The first sale is planned for Thursday, the Royal Ontario Museum, and a firm, has announced that Daniel Fearon, June 10th, and the sales will encompass member of the Numismatic Literary formerly Managing Director of the whole spectrum of the numismatic . Gainor has collected since he Glendining's, the specialist coin and market: British, ancient and foreign was ten years old, and has been a medal auctioneers, has joined Bonhams coins, historical and artistic medals and private dealer in Canada for the past six to open a new Coin and Medals banknotes, together with all orders, years. He was previously a licensed Department. decorations, and medals. stockbroker in Ontario. Fearon comments: ·1 have been at the center 01the coin and medal market for thirty years, starting with the re­ • establishing of a coin and medal fnfilrs tn department at Sotheby's in 1963, followed by the opening of their New York department in 1969. In 1970, I umismafirs moved to Spink & Son to be involved in the setting up of Spink Coin Auctions. Edward Gibbon Following the death of William French in 1737-1794 1987. I was asked to take over the management of Glendining's, the The name Edward Gibbon is familiar to affiliate company of Phillips, where I every student of Roman history. His remained until January of this year. I am monumental work, The Historyofthe ~cline delighted to be joining Bonhams, and and Fall of the Roman Empire, despite its look forward to the challenge of many critics, isstill regarded as "the source" establishing a new department. The for modem readers. Although disenchanted as a student at Oxford, Gibbon spent timing Is perfect to challenge the five years at Lausanne, where he absorbed a tremendous volume of Latin classical established order, with the other literature. Unlike many great writers and anists, he was regarded in his own time salerooms holding less frequent as one of the world's great historians, and received many honors including the title auctions'- ~Professorof Ancient History at the Royal Academy". Gibbon wasoneofthe first Further information and catalogs lor historians to use the inscriptions on ancient coins as historical evidence. He had the upcoming sale may be obtained by read books by Addison and Spanheim, and spent many hours studying ancient writing to Daniel Fearon. Bonhams. coins in the museums where he travelled. In his journal, Gibbon commented that Montpelier Street, London SW7 1HH, through the inscriptions on coins "we can often ellpiain, confinn, and correct even England; phone (71) 584-9161. the historians." Although he is not generally regarded as a numismatist, his approach to historical analysis through interpretation of coin inscriptions had a profound effect on the developmen t of numismatics as a science. Say you saw it in This feature is provided courtesy of George Frederick Kolbe Fine Numismatic Books, Crestline, CA 92325 %e ee[ator

26 The Gela tor tlteMarket

Impressive Greek gold highlights eNG auction

Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. has gold and electrum coins of Carthage, scheduled a public and mail bid sale, the unique gold stater of Apollonia eNG Auction XXVI, 10 be held in Pontika, one of just two known gold conjunction with the 2nd Annual Spring drachms of Thasos which depict a young New York International Numismatic beardless Dionysos, a gold stater of Convention. The sale will be held the Athens struck from gold stripped from evening of Friday, June 11th, at the Pheidias' famous statue of Athena that Sheraton New York Hotel & Towers, the stood in the Parthenon, 3 rare staters of host hotel for the NYINC. Lampsakos, the unique gold hem i- The auction will include one of the finest collections of Greek gold coins Reverse of an extremely rare gold ever offered at a public sale. The drachm of the Brettii (2x), struck ca. collection, assembled over the past few 229-13 B. C., depicting Amphitrite decades by California brothers George seated left on a hippocamp and and Robert Stevenson, includes about holding an Eros in her hand. 150 pieces, mainly gold but com-

during the past century, with coins from the collections of Pozzi, Jameson, Virzi, Brand, Garren, Weber, Ryan, Baron Reverse of a unique gold stater of Apol/onia Pontika (2x), struck Pennisi di' Floristella, Bauer, Bement, Castro Maya, Warren, Greenwell, and ca. 380·341 B.C., depicting an Naville, among others. anchor between A and crayfish. In addition to Greek gold and electrum, CNG AUction XXVI also includes a superb offering of G reek silver Reverse of an extremely rare drachm of Kolophon, B gold and electrum and bronze, Roman coins including a gold drachm of Thasos (2x), struck coins of Lydia, 4 gold pieces of , 15 gold coins of the Ptolemaic dynasty collection of sestertii, Byzantine, ca. 338 B.C., depicting Herak/as of Egypt, and 7 gold coins of Kyrene. medieval and British coins. The kneeling and drawing his bow. Other individual highlights include Byzantine section features a collection extremely rare gold staters of Philippoi, of more than 100 gold pieces assembled plemented by a select group of electrum. the Aitolian League, Ephesos, over several decades. Finally, the sale The collection is exceptional for its Demetrios Poliorketes of Macedon, concludes with an interesting group of comprehensive coverage of the entire Mithradates VI (the Great) of Pontus, multi-coin lots. Greek world. Rather than concentrate Asander of the Bosporos, and Catalogues are available for $15 from on a particular area or period, the Nektanebo II of Egypt-the only gold CNG, Inc., Box 245, Quarryville, PA Stevenson brothers set out to assemble coin struck by a Pharaoh using 17566. Catalogues are also available a representative collection spanning the hieroglyphic symbols. for £10 from CNG's United Kingdom whole of Greek coinage in gold and Pedigrees of the Stevenson coins office, Seaby Coins, 7 Davies Street, electrum. As a result, the collection read like a "who's who· of great collectors London WiY 1 LL. includes coins from virtually every major minting authority in the Greek world, stretching chronologically from the invention of coinage to the Roman DANIEL FEAHON has joilH ~ d U()nhalll~ to e~ t1lbLi s h 11 lIew conquest. CNG's catalogue of this Coin and Medal Department. collection, which includes detailed descriptions and comprehensive Fil'Sl Sale: TlulI'Sdl.lY 10 June scholarly commentary on each coin, will Coins . M(~ dal s ' Banknotcs be a standard reference on Greek gold coins for decades to come. PI( ~ a ~ .' e.)ntaet us fo r further (1l'taiis

GOLD COINS 11 Theodosius II, 402-450 A.D. Solidus, 442/3 20 L. Titurius L.f. Sablnus. Denarius, 89 B.C. ROMAN REPUBLIC AD. Constantinople. Helmeted and cuirassed Head 01 Tatius r.; A PV and palm tree before. bust3/4lacing lor. Av. Constantinopoiisseated Av. Tarpaia being buried with shields. Craw.344/ Anonymous Issue. After 211 B.C. 60 As. I. 4.48 grams. G-M 414. 20. Fine to Very Fine. $750.00 Helmeted head of Mars 1. Rv. Eagle standing r.. Extremely Fine. $650.00 21 C.Censorinus. Denarius, 88 B.C. Jugateheads ROMA. 3.52 grams. Craw.44/2. Well centered. 12 Leo I, 457-474 A.D. Solidus. Constantinople. of Numa Pompilius and Ancus Marcius r. Rv. Extrom81y Fine, $4,500.00 OUicina Z. Helmeted and cuirassed bust 3/4 Two horses and rider; number III on r~ . lacing to r. Av. Victory standing I. 4.49grams. Craw.346/1b, BMC 2382. Lightly cleaned. ROMAN EMPIRE G·M 526. Sharply struck. About Extremely Fine. $150.00 2 Tiberius, 14-37 A.D. Aureus. . Rv. Extremely Fine. $850.00 22 C. Llcinius L.t. Macer. Denarius, 84 B.C. Bust Livia on thean", with omamentallegs. Double line ofVejovis I. Rv. Minervainquadrigar. Craw.354/ below. 7.63 grams. RIC 27 va •. SILVER AND BRONZE COINS 1. Choice Very Fine. $150.00 Nice Fine. $2.100.00 ROMAN REPUBLIC 23 A. Postumius A.f. Sp.n. Albinus. Denarius 3 Nero, 65-68 A.D. Auraus. 64·65 A.D. Rv. Em­ 13 Aes Grave. Sextans. 280-245 B.C. Head of Serratus, 81 B.C. Head of Hispania r. Av. peror, logate and radiate, slanding facing. 7.34 Dioscuru$ r.. 2 pellets behind. Av. Head of Togate figure standing L betweefl Aoman eagle grams. RIC 46. Extremely fine. $3,DDO.00 Dioscurus I., 2 pellets behind. 57.75 grams. and fasces. Craw.372/2. Dark tone. 4 Vespasian, 69-79 A.D. Aureus, 72·73 A.D. Av. Dark green patina. Fine. $300.00 Very Fine. $75.00 Neptune. 7.33 grams. RIC 46. 14 Aea Grave. QUadrans, 240·225 B.C. Head 01 24 C. Pobllclu& O.f. Denar/us Serratus, 60 B.C. Extremely Fine. $4,500.00 Hercules I., 3 pellets behind. Rv. Prow r., 3 Bust of Aoma r.; K above. Rv. Hercules I. 5 Domlllan, Caesar, 69·91 A.D. Aureus, 74·75 pellets below. 70.04 grams. TV 54. Darkgreen strangling Nemean lion. Craw.380/1. A.D. Av. Spes. 7.35 grams. AIC 233. Well patina. About Fine. $400.00 Very Fine. $750.00 cantered on a lullli8n. 15 Sex. Pompeius Fostlus. Denarius, 137 B.C. 25 l. RutlUus Flaccus. Denarius, 77 B.C. Aoma Extremely Fine. $4,500.00 Roma head r., jug behirld. Av. She·wolf r. head r. Rv. Victory in biga r. Craw.387/1 . Dark 6 Trojan, 98-117 A.D. Aureus, 98·99 AD. Rv. sucklirlg the twins; PO. Craw.235/1c. Cleaned. tone. Very Fine. $135.00 Fortuna standing I. 7.39 grams. RIC 4. Excellent Extremely Fine. $175.00 26 Cn. Lentulus. Denarius, 76-75 B.C. Bust olthe early portrait. 16 M. Aemilius SClurus and Pub. Plautius Genius P.R. Rv. Terrestrial globe betwean Choice Extremely Fine. $5,850.00 Hypsalus. Denarius, 58 B.C. King Aretas rudder and scepter. Craw.393/1a. Lightly 7 Divu$ Trajan. PosthumousAureus, 117·118AD. kneeling r. beside camel. Rv.Jupiter in quad riga cleaned. About Extremely Fine. $150.00 Rv. Phoenix standing r. on laurel branch. 7.20 I., scorpion below horses. Craw.422/16. Well 27 L. Farsulelus Mensor. Denarius, 75 B.C. Bust grams. AIC 28 (R2). centered on a short, darkly toned planchet. of Libertas r., number and cap behind. Rv. Choice Very Fine. $5.000.00 Nice Very Fine. $725.00 Aoma in biga r. assisting togate citizen, scor· 8 Faustina Senior. Posthumous Aureus. Av. 17 M. Furlus L.t Philus. Denarius, 119 B.C. pion below. Craw.392/1 a. Small cstp. on Ceres standing I. 7.31 grams. RIC 356a. Choice Laureate head 01 Janus. Rv. Roma standing I. Libertas' neck. Choice Very Fine. $150.00 Extremely Fine. $7,000.00 erecting trophy. Craw.281/1. 28 M. Nonius Sulenas. Denarius, 58 B.C. Head 9 Constantiu$ II, 337·361 A.D. Solidus, 346·351 Nice Very Fine. $750.00 01 Saturn r. Av. Aoma seated I. being crowned A.D. Nicomedia. Rv. Romaand Constantinopolis 18 l. Valerius Flaccus. Denarius, 108·7 B.C. Bust by Victory. Craw,421/1. enthroned supporting shield inscribed VOT / XX of Victory r. Av. Mars walking I. carrying trophy. Choice Very Fine. $225.00 / MVLT / XXX. 4.34 grams. RIC 33. Craw.306/1. Light pitting, but Choice 29 a. FabiUS Labeo. Denarius, 124 B.C. Roma Extremely Fine. $1,100.00 Very Fine in point of wear. $700.00 head r. Av. Jupiter in quadriga r., prow below. 10 Honorlus, 393-423 A.D. Solidus, 395·402 A.D. 19 l. Calpurnius Piso Frugi. Denarius, 90 B.C. Craw.273/1. About Extremely Fine. $150.00 OH icina H. Constantinople. Helmeted and Laureate head of Apollo r., dot before. Rv. 30 A. Plautlus. Denarius, 55 B.C. Turreted head cuirassed bust 3/4 lacing. Rv. Constanlinopolis Horseman r. with palm; control no. CXXXVIlI of Cybele r. Av. Bacchius kneels r. beside seated. 4.44 grams. G·M 748. below. Syd.663. camel. Craw.431/1. Light corrosion on the Extremely Fine. $500.00 About Extremely Fine. $175.00 reverse. Very Fine/About Very Fine. $100.00

Terms of Sale t. All items oller"" in this list are gu.arantee

28 The GelatD( 31 a. Pompelua Rulua. Denarius, 548.C. Curule chair betwe8r1 arrow and laurel branch. Av. Curula chair between liluua and wreath. ROMAN EMPIRE 58 Hadrian. Seslenills, 134·135 A.D. LaUreate, Craw.434/2. Dark tone. Minor edge tesl cuIs. 44 Augustus, 27 B.C._14 A.D. Denarius, 29,27 draped and culrassed bust r. Rv. Aom a greet· About Extremely Fine, but partly off center both B.C. Ualianmint. Borehead,. Av. Temple with ing Hadrian. AIC 740. Dark olive. .idea. $100.00 colonnad ... d base, surmounted by Victory. RtC EMtremely Fine. Superb portrait. $2,850.00 32 Man. Acillua mabrio. Dftnarlus, 49 B.C. Lau· 266. Exlremely Fine. 59 Anto nlnus Plua, 138.161 A.D. Sesten/us, 139 r ••l. head of Salus r., SALVTIS downward Medium gray. $1,850.00 A.D. Av. Fides. RIC 546. Broad, medallic flan. behind. Rv. Valaludo standing I. Craw.44211 b. Olive green. Extremely Fine. $2,950.00 45 Tiberiu&, 14-37 A.D. Denarius. The Tribute Extremely Fine. 1250.00 60 Faual lna Sanior. Posthumous Demlrfus. Av. Penny of the Bible. Rv. Livia as Pax seated I. on 33 Q. Slclnlu ••ndC.Copon lua. Den.rhJ" 49 B,C. Juno seated r. holding scepter. RIC 363. throne wilh ornamented legs. AIC 30. Apollo head ro, slar below. Rv. Club of Htllcules E.'remely Fine. $175.00 Extremely Fine. $600.00 surmounted by lion's skin. Craw.444/la. About 61 huslin, Senior. Jf. 22 of SYNAUS In Phrygla. 46 Calillula, 31-41 A. D. As, 37·38 A.D. Rome. E~tremaly Fine. SI75.oo Av. Dionysos standing I. BMC 17. Dark green. Bare t>ead I. Av. Vesta seated I. AIC 38. 34 C. Vlblua C.t. C.n. Pann C •• tronl.nu •• Aboul Extremely Fine. $350.00 Fine 10 Very Fine. $150.00 Den.rius, 46 B.C. Mask of Pan r. Av. Jupiter 62 Marcus All rellua, Caesar, 1311· 161 A,D. AxUriUI sealed I. Craw.449/h. Dark gray. 47 Call9u l,. IE 20 01 Knouos In . Laureate Denarius, 156· 157 A.D. Av. Felicitas standing About e~Iremely Fine. $325.00 head of Caligula r .. [Po CAESAA AVG. I. AIC 470. Sharply struck in high relief. 35 Alblnua Btuli I. Denarius, 48 B.C. Head of GERMANICO]. Av. Laureate head of Germani­ Choice Extremaly Fine. $450.00 Pietn r. Rv. Two joined hands holding cua r., [GEA]M CAESAR OOSSEN PULCHA 63 L uciul Verua. Posthumous Denarius. struck caduceus. Craw.450/2. Dark lone. About IIV[IA]. Svor.2tO. Partial legend. Dark green. under Commodus. Av. Eagle standing r., head Extremely Fine. $175.00 Very Fine. $300.00 turned. AIC 596a. Very Fine. $75.00 36 T. C.rl.lul. Dtlnarius, 46 B.C. Bust 01 Victory 48 C,'igula . .IE 19 01 Apol/on/a Sa/bake in Caria. 64 Severlll Alexander, 222-235 A.D. Denarlu., r. Av. VictOfY in biga r. Craw.464/4. Ban.! huad of Caligul,1. Rv. Apollo standing '­ 228·231 A. D. Av. VtclOfY inscribing VOT X on About Very Fine. $150.00 SNG von Aulocl< 2489. $hield, no palm. AIC 219. 37 P. Clodiua M.I. Turrinus. Denarius, 42 B.C. Fine to Very Fine. $325.00 Aboul E.tremely Fine. $125.00 Apollo h • .cI •.• lyre behind. Av. Diana lucile.a 49 Nero and Drulus C'..... Dupondius, strucl< 65 Gordian III, 238-244 A.D. Antoninianus. Av. • Ianding, facing, holding 2 long lorches. 40_41 A.D. under Caligula. Nero and Drusus Providentia sl anding I. AIC 172 . Craw.494123. Stightlyoff center on an elongated galloping r. Av. Inscription 8/ound S.C. RIC 49. Extremely Fine and lustrous. $95.00 lian. E~tramely Fine. $100.00 Rough ,ed brown patina. smoothed. 66 Gordisn 111. Denarius, 24t A.D. Av. S,Ju. 38 L. Livlnalus Regulus. Danarius, 42 B.C. Head Very Fine. $185.00 standing r. feeding snake. AIC 129A. of the l. Livineius Regulus. Av. Curule 50 Claudius, 41-54A.D. Den,r/U$, 41 -42A.D. Av. Extremely Fine and needle·sharp. $175.00 chelr tlaoked by 31asces either side. Crew.494f Ex S.C. I OB CIVES f SEAVATOS in wreath. 67 Philip I, 244·249 A. D. Anton/nil/nus. Av. 28. Dark lone. Choice Very Fine. $300.00 AIC 16 (A2). Lightly cleaned. Aequites slanding I. AEaVITAS AVG. AIC 216 39 Pompay tha Great. Denarius, 42-40 B.C. Choice Very Fine. $2,250.00 (note). E~tremel y Fine. $135.00 Strucl< by Se~lus Pompey. Head of Pompaylhe 51 Claudius. As, 50-54 A.D. Bare head I. Av. 68 Philip I. BII/on Tetr.dr.chm. Seleuci. & Pieri,. Great. Av. Neptune I. between Anapias and Minerva r. brandishing spear. AIC 1 III. Lovely Av. Eagle. SMC 505. Good metal surfaces. Amphinomus. Crew.5 11 /3a. Broad l ian. Par· dark green. Extremely Fine. SI,750.oo E~tremely Fine. $275.00 tial weakneu. Nice Very Fioe. $650.00 52 Nero, 54-68 A.D. Denarius. Av. Jupiter. AIC 69 Philip II, 241·249 A.D. AntoniniiJnus, 247 A.D. <40 Jullu. C ..ae r. Denarius, 44 B.C. Moneyer P. 53. Choioe Very Fine. $600.00 . Av. Felicitas standing I. RIC 232. Sepuliul Macer. Laureate and veiled head 01 Extremely Fine. $125.00 53 Vespasian, 69-111 A.D. Tetradrachm. Antioch. Caesar. Av. Venus. Craw.450/13. Medium 70 O'oolellan, 284-305 A.D. Follis, 296-297 A.D. COS U. Av. Eagle I. on club. BMC 230. Ob­ gray 10M. About E~ tremely Fine. $1,1150.00 Trier. Laureate bus t r., H below. Av. Genius verse ott center. Dark tone. 41 Juliul Canar• .IE 28. Bust of Victory r. Av. PA. AIC 171a. Extremely Fine. $90.00 Very Fine. $150.00 Minerva standing I. holding trophy, spear and 71 Maxlmlanlls, 286·308, 310 A.D. Aroenteus. shield. Craw.476ft a. Heavygreen and earthen 54 Titus, 19-81 A.D. Den,,/us, 79 A.D. Laureate Trier. Rv. Prinees Sacrificing over Iripod belore palina. Fine/Very Fine. $175.00 head I. Av. Figure atop rostral column. RIC gatelnsixturretledenclosure. RIC 102b. Minor 42 Mark Antony. Denarius, 32·31 B.C. Praetor­ 166. Cleaned. Choice Very Fine. $675.00 peripheral corrosion. Ian li/alley. Av. Legionary aagla between Iwo 55 Titul. Denarius, 80 A.D. Av. Elephant I. RIC Otherwise Nice Very Fine. $500.00 standards; LEG VII. Craw.544/20. 22a. Choice Very Fin.... $400.00 72 Ma~lml , nU I. FoIl/s. 305·306 A.D. Heraclea. Fine. $100.00 56 Domilian, Caes.. , 611 _81 A.D. Denarius, 80 Rv. Providentia extending hand 10 Quies. AIC 43 Dc"vlan. Denarius, 32-29 B.C. naliln mint. A.D. Rv. Minerva advancing r. RIC 41- 28b. Silvering in the fields. Bare head r .. aoepigraphic. Av. Me.cury seatad Very Fine. $75.00 Choioe Exlremely Fine. $275.00 r. on .ocI<, playing lyre. AIC 257. Broad fian. 57 Hadrian, 1 17-138 A .D. Denarius, 118 A.D. Av. 73 Julian t ha Apost.te, 361-363 A.D. Jf. I. Lovaly dark gray. Extremaly Fine. lustitia saaled I. AIC 42. Dark tone. Cyzlcus. Rv. Butt standing r. RIC 127. Dark Ell Huber/In Colleetion. $2,750.00 Choice E.tremely Fine. $575.00 g."n. lightly pilled. Very Fine. $ 175.00

Terms 01 S, Ie I. "" ilems o/I",ed " INs lisl ar. guw.,IHd 10 be genuir-.. and lIS deS<:rib<&d. 2. Items loond WSali.factory may be , .~ within 5 daY' DI 'eceipt tor I\A ,.tuM. OIherwise \hey wi. be considered sold. ~ -;@llin Q1}alltrits 3. N&w yO<\( fuid(!nl. must add Ih40 '-P!lfoprl" . IooIIf and s181e sales tax. 123 Wes( 57lh Streel, New York. NY 10019·2280 ~. ~f ord .... . enl poslpaid_ 5. Since mo.t item. on thistisl are Of\4f·o!·.·loJnd. MO:>I"Id c!>oi<:es a,. r"""""""'. Tdq'OOnc (212) 582·5955 . Fox (212) 5&2-1946

May 1993 29 "Treasure Trove" Coming Events .... lecture featured at May 6-8 Greater New York Jun.S London Coin Fair Numismatic Cony. Cumberland Hotel London Coin Fair Omni Park. Central Hotel London, England The l ondon Coin Fair is scheduled New York City Jun. 7·8 Lanz Auction to take place on Saturday, June 5h, at May 12-14 Hirsch Auction Maximiliansplatz 10 Promenadeplatz 10 Munich, Germany the Cumberland Hotel, Marble Arch, in Munich, Germany Jun. 10 Bonhams Auction London, England. Held in the Production May 14-15 Numismatic & Montpelier Street Box Suite from 9:30am to 5:00 pm, Antiquarian Bourse London, Eng/and there will be some 80 dealers in coins, Holiday Inn Jun. 11 CNA XXVI antiquities, paper money, and medals Golden Gateway Sheraton Hotel & Towers of the worl d. Admission is £2. San Francisco, GA Ne w York City A special feature of this regular event May 15-1 6 Rare Coin Expo Jun. 11·13 New York Spring Int'l is a lecture and discussion on Treasure Signal Hills Mall Sheraton Hotel & Towers West Saint Paul, MN Trove and the law. Entitled -Finders, New York City Keepers?-, the lecture will be given by May 20-23 Central Stales Jun. 12 Christie's Auction Peter Clayton of the London Numismatic Numismatic Con .... 502 Park Avenue O'Hare Expo Center Ne w York City Club at 2:30pm in the Albany Room . Rosemont, IL The subject of who owns buried treasure Jun. 14 Stack's Auction May 25-26 Leu Numismatics Auction Omni Park Central Hotel is of particular relevance to anyone who Zurich, Switzerland New York City collects ordeals in ancient and medieval May 30 Superior Auction Jun. 15 Sotheby's Auction coins or objects, as well as to "diggers·, - Jun. 1 9478 W. Olympic Blvd. 34-35 New Bond St. whether metal detecting enthusiasts, Beverly Hills, CA London, England mud-larks, farmers, or gardeners. Jun.2 Malter Auction Jun. 17-18 M & M Auction For further information, contact show Sheraton Airport Hotel Malzgasse 25 Los Angeles, CA organizer Frances Simmons at P.Q. Box Basel, Switzerland 104, Leytonstone, London Ell 1 NO, Jun. 3·6 Long Beach Expo Jun. 18-20 Prescott Coin Show Long Beach Conv. Center Ponderosa Plaza Mall England. Long Beach, CA Prescott, AZ Stack's offers select C./. Martin (Coins) Ltd ancient coinage and of London, England. Mexican gold rarities Stack's will be conducting a public Our current 24 page auction of foreign and ancient coins on June 14th, immediately following the catalogue contains New York Spring International. This about 500 Greek magnificent sale includes hundreds of and Roman coins, classic collector coins, as well as outstanding rarities in several series. 200 English Ancient coinage includes over 130 lots Hammered of Greek issues from an old collection, and a wide together with a select offering of Roman and Byzantine coins. range of An important highlight is a collection antiquities. of the gold coins of the Mexican Republic. Arranged by mint, there is at least one example of every denomination issued C.J. Martin (Co ins) Ltd by the various mints, including previously 85, The Vale, S outhgate, unrecorded dates and date/assayer combinations for both the Escudo London N14 6AT, England coinage and the decimal coinage. The Established 20 years sale concludes with the La Paz Collection of the coins of and a Tel: (0)818821509 Fax: (0)81 886 5235 wide variety of other modern world Telephone Visa [" Mastercards accepted coinages. Catalogs and further information may OUR CATALOGUES INCLUDE ANCIENT GREEK BRONZE, GREEK SILVER, ROMAN SILVER f., BRONZE, BYANTINE, CELTIC, ANGLO SAXON, NORMAN, be obtained by writing to Slack's, 123 HAMMERED MEDIEVAL, ANCIENT ARTIFACTS, HOARDS f., SPECIAL OFFERS West57th Street, New York, NY 10019; phone (212) 582-2580. 30 The Gelator ANNOUNCING THE SAN FRANCISCO NUMISMATIC & ANTIQUARIAN BOURSE When: May 14th & 15th Where: Holiday Inn - Golden Gateway In downtown San Francisco - On Van Ness Hours: 2-day show, 10-7 each day FEATURING: Many of the most important dealers in the in ancient coins, medieval coins, coins of Britain, Anglo-Saxon, modern foreign, crowns, foreign gold, & classical antiquities. * * * * * Numismatic Fine Arts will be previewing their June Public Auction to be held in conjunction with the N.Y. Spring International. Classical Numismatic Group will be previewing their June Public Auction to be held in conjunction with the N.Y. Spring International. Superior Galleries will be previewing their June Public Auction to be held just prior to the Long Beach Expo at their Beverly Hills Gallery. * * * * * Special Hotel Rates of $95 single and $105 double for all show participants including out-of-state dealers & collectors. * * * * * Special Parking Rate of $6 per day for all collectors. * * * * * Open to the Public - Free Admission (Upon presentation of a positive ID) * * * * * Please note that all dealers in attendance are interested in buying so this is an excellent chance to get rid of material in which you are no longer interested in collecting. * * * * * This is strictly a non-smoking show. For Further Information & Bourse Applications, Contact: THE NUMISMATIC & ANTIQUARIAN BOURSE Dr. Arnold R. Saslow - Bourse Chairman P.O. Box 374, South Orange, N.J. 07079 Phone: (201) 761-0634 FAX: (201) 761-8406

May 1993 31 The arms of Godfrey of Boullion and the Cross of Jerusalem

by Stewart J. Westdal

Heraldic devices have raine. Raymond was the most fonni­ always heen quite dis­ dable, but his leadership in the recenl tinctive and, to those Crusade had not gone unchallenged, familiar with the devices, and he was perceived as being too arro­ readily identifiable to a gant and autocratic. Like most of the specific individual or Crusader who-once the Holy family, city or region, lord Land had been taken from the Moslems or nation, and not used, in and the goals of the Crusade accom­ toto, by different organi­ plished-prepared to return to their zations or entities. This homes in Europe, both Roberts ex­ article focuses on the use pressed their intentions to leave at the of a particular heraldic earliest convenient time. Thus, the most device by several different likely prospect to be named King of parties, each having their Jerusalem became Godfrey, of whom own reasons for doing so. none had any disparaging comments, Shortly after the city and he was duly offered the leadership of Jerusalem was taken by of the Kingdom of Jerusalem; he ac­ the Crusaders on July 15, cepted on the terms that he not be called I099,it was decided that a king, but Defender of the Holy Sepul­ Christian secular rulerwas chre instead. needed to administer and The anns of Godfrey were called the defend the Holy Places "Red Cross of the Five Wounds of against the Moslems. Four Christ"-in heraldic tenns, a cross po­ of the most promising tent among four crosslets-and his anns candidates were Raymond became those of the Kingdom ofJerusa­ of Toulouse, Robert of lem, although the crosses herein were Normandy, Rohert of gold on a field of silver. Within a few the Flanders, and Godfrey of days of his being elected to lead the Bullion in Lower Lor- Christian forces in the Holy Land, Godfrey established a religious-mili­ tary order of knighthood as a means of attracting Crusader knights to remain in the East, this being the Equestrian Order Ancient Coins ofthe Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem; the • Mail Bid Sales anns of the Order were the same as of • Fixed Price Lists the Kingdom of Jerusalem, but with red • Buy or Bid Sales crosses. • Numismatic Literature Godfrey died within a year, suc­ ceeded by his brother Baldwin l. The Specializing in moderate priced Judaean coins Latin Kingdom was gradually retaken (serious want-lists solicited) by the Moslems overthe next 150years, and the last of the Christian strongholds William M. Rosenblum Irare coins in the Holy Land were taken by 1291. p.O. box 355·CE. evergreen. colo. 80439 The Kingdom of Jerusalem continued phone/lax 303-838-4831 to exist as it had been extended to in­ clude Cyprus in the previous century, 32 The Celator and the Kings of Cyprus retained the title as Kings of Jerusalem. Between 1100 and 1291, various devices appeared on the coinage of the Kingdom of Jerusalem-including the Tower of David (Figure 1), and the dome above the Holy Sepulchre (Figure 2), but the Anns of Jerusalem did not appear on coins until the reign of Henry II, 1285-1324. Successor kings used the Cross of Jerusalem as a reinforce­ ment of claims to the Kingship of Jerusalem; this continued until 1498. A fine example of one of these coins is represented in the silver gros of King Janus, 1398-1432 (Figure 3), struckfor use in Cyprus. The Cross of Jerusalem appears on other coins during this same time pe­ riod, but these appearances have nothing to do with claims to the Kingdom of Cyprus or Jerusalem, a notable instance being on issues of Naples and Sicily, beginning with Charles I of Anjou, 1266- 78, and continuing into the reign of Charles II, 1665-1700. Figure 4 illustrates a ducato of 1689, bearing the cross in the upper right of the shield. In these cases, the Cross of Jerusalem appears in the anns of the ruler due to his being the of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. Figure 4 After 1225, the Grand Master was no A ducato of Charles II (1689) bearing the longer automatically the King of Cross of Jerusalem in the upper right of the shield Jerusalem, thereafter being named by the Pope as the need arose. Lambros, Paul, Unpublished Coins of the Various coins issued in France and Medieval Kingdom of Cyprus, 1980 re­ the Low Countries in the 15th and 16th print. centuries bear the Cross of Jerusalem in Metcalf, D.P., Coinage ofthe Crusades and the anns of the issuer. None of these are the Latin East in the Ashmolean Museum, connected with either the Kingdom of Oxford, 1983. Jerusalem or the Order of the Holy Sep­ Schlumberger, G., Numismo.tique de I 'Orient ulchre; it is believed that the issuers had Latin, 1954 reprint. some family relationship with ties to The author holds a Master of Arts Godfrey himself. Indeed, today the Red degree in medieval history and is a Crosses fly above the walls of what had FigureS Knight Commander of the Order of the Coin of Mary, Queen of Scotland, been the home castle of Godfrey in Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem. ! depicting the Cross of Jerusalem Other examples of the use of this particular device appear on some of the coins issued by Mary, Queen of Scot­ land, in the 1560's (Figure 5). Mary had no connection with any of the other STEPHEN M. HUSTON parties which used the Cross of Jerusa­ lem; she may have just liked the symbol C{assica{?{umisma-tist of the Cross of Jerusalem for its own Post Ofrice Box 193621 sake. San Frll.ncisco, CA 94119-3621 USA

Bibliography: ·415·781-7580· D'Assamani, Michael, The Cross on the Sword,1944. tfewtralt/{ CattUo.f'Us tssuti'lUgularly Davenport, John, European Crowns 1600- OPPICI! OPE!'! IIV A~rOl"TM");T 01

by L.A. Saryan, Ph.D.

To the public, coin hoards conjure collectors must sacrifice such details if gave way to the takvorin (about 2.5 up the romance and thrill of buried trea­ they are to have the coins to own and gramsor less) as political and economic sure. For the collector and numismatic enjoy. Several countries in the Middle conditions deteriorated. Thecoinscarry researcher, the treasure lies in the op­ East strictly prohibit the export of antiq­ royal and religious iconography (por­ portunity to acquire new coins and, uities of any sort, but rarely is any reward traits of the king, crosses, lions, etc.) through careful study, to learn new facts offered that might induce the finder to and have Armenian inscriptions on both about them. tum a trove over to the state. As often as sides. Hoards of ancient and medieval Ar­ not, old coins are discovered by impov­ Several hoards of Cilician Annenia menian coins tum up regularly in the erished and illiterate peasants, who must have been recorded in the numismatic Middle East, and occasionally these resort to smuggling and secrecy if they literature.1 Most of these are of silver reach the numismatic marketplace are to realize any benefit from their trams of the two most powerful kings of where, increasingly, they are snapped venture. the dynasty, Levon I (1198-1219) and up by avid collectors. Typically (and Armenian barons and kings ruled Hetourn I (1226-1270). Fewer hoards this seems to apply to hoards of all Cilicia for nearly three centuries (1080- of the later kings are known, and fewer types), the exact circumstances of the 1375) during the turbulent Crusades. still have been published. The elucida­ find, such as the date and place of dis­ They struck literally millions of silver tion of the coinage of these later kings covery, name of the finder, and exact and copper coins which are popularwith remains a fertile area for original nu­ original composition of the trove, are modem collectors. Silver coins were mismatic research. never reliably revealed. the principal medium of international I recently had the opportunity to ex­ This is unfortunate for the purposes trade which passed through 's amine a mixed hoard of 58 early of the scholar. Antiquity laws being ports. The basic silver denomination fourteenth century Cilician Armenian what they are, however, it seems that was the tram (about 2.9 grams), which silver coins of three kings: Levon III (1301-1307), Oshin (1308- 1320), and Levon IV (1320-1342). The composi­ tion of the hoard is given below:

14 takvorins of Levon III 1 coronation tram of Oshin 42 takvorins of Oshin 1 takvorin of Levon IV

This hoard was recently unearthed in the Middle East and appeared at the New York International Coin Show in December 1992. Although it is reliably stated to me that this is a single hoard, one cannol exclude the possibility that {'-",,~.,..,- ....; .,'." coins have been added or removed for commercial purposes. In this case, the darker surface coloration, worn dies, and noticeable circulation wear on the • single Levon IV takvorin suggest that Ihis piece is an intruder. Mixed hoards of these kings are Cilicia and Neighboring Lands plausible based on historic and numis­ matic considerations,2 but few if any

34 The Celator have been documented heretofore. Prior to 1992, nohoardsofLevon III had been published, and gaps still remain in our understanding of the coinage of Ihis king) Just one study of the rare and attracli ve coronation trams of Oshin has been pubJished.4 No hoards of Oshin takvorins have yet been described. The imponance of this new hoard to Anne­ nian numismatics is thus readily apparent. During the lale thineenth and four­ teenth centuries, Cilician Armenia was under nearly constant enemy attack. By 1300, the Crusader principalities of the eastern Mediterranean had crumbled under relentless Egyptian Mameluke onslaught, and Annenia was left alone on the mainland to uphold the Christian standard. In 1307, King Levon III and Plan of the eity of Ayas in ellielan Armenia his uncle Hetoum II were treacherously murdered by their Mongol allies. Os­ hin, a younger brother of Hetoum II, taken. Hoping to finish the work, the 1314 and 1320. Summary descriptions quicldy took the heIr.} of the govern­ Mamelukesretumedin 1320withahuge of the hoard coins follow below: ment and restored peace for a few years, army. Thestruggle which ensued could but in 1314 troubles began anew. have spelled the end of the kingdom, Levon III Takvorlns Tribesmen from central Anatolia at­ had the invaders not been trapped and Obverse - king seated on horse riding tacked western Cilicia, but were repulsed defeated by the Armenians in a decisive to right but facing forward, carrying a by the lord of Gorigos, a local Annenian battle fought near the lucrative port city lance over his shoulder. Field marking baron. In 13 15,theMamelukesinvaded of Ayas. One cou ld speculate that this behind the king is typically three pellets from the southeast, capturing the city of hoard was buried during the turmoil arranged in a triangle. Clockwise Ar­ Malatia, and in 1316 Laranda too was which befell Cilician Annenia between menian inscription around edge enclosed

Joel L. Malter & Co. Inc. Proudly Presents Auction 51 The Chris]. Krausz and Dr. M. Abgarian Unreserved Estates of Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Parthian Coins, Classical Antiquities and Russian Icons. Additional Consignments are also included. Wednesday, June 2, 1993 Auction 7pm in Los Angeles at Sheraton Los Angeles Airport Hotel, 6101 West Century Blvd. Auction takes place between Golden State and Long Beach Coin Conventjons. Preview at Golden State Coin Convention Friday and Saturday, May 28-29, at the Airport Marina Hotel in Los Angeles; Tuesday, June 1st at Malter GaUery in Encino, lOam until5pm; and Wedncsday, June 2nd, at Sheraton L.A. Airport Hotel from l1am until 7pm. Additional preview prior to May 28th at Malter Gallery by appointment only. Illustrated Catalogues $10 17005 Ventura Blvd., Encino, CA 91316 U.S.A. - Phone (818) 784-7772

May 1993 35 by double band of fine pellets, reads LEVONKINGOFTHEARMENIANS or variants thereof. Reverse -lion with curved tail walk­ ing to right with a cross above. Field marking is usually a single pellet behind the lion's tail. Clockwise Annenian inscription, again enclosed by a double band offme pellets, reading MADE IN THE CITY OF SIS or variants thereof. Average weight of 14 coins in this hoard 2.43 grams (weight range 2.08 to 2.97 grams).

Oshin Coronation Tram Obverse - king seated on an orna­ mental throne facing forward, holding a lily and globus cruciger in his left and right hands respectively. The hand of God is seen in upper right, anointing the king. Clockwise Armenian inscription as above, reads AVSHIN KING OF THE ARMENIANS. Reverse - two rampant lions facing a long cross, Armenian letter G at the base of the cross. Annenian inscription as above, reads BY THE STRENGTH OF GOD. Weight of this coin 2.86 grams, Bedoukian type 31.5 Oshin's corona­ tion trams were intentionally patterned in style, weight, and fineness after the regular trams of Lev on I. They are very

.9Lncient yreet. 'l\gman & ~yzantine COINS

( . Send Today For Free Illustrated List) TOM CEDERLIND P.o. Box 1963-C, Portland, OR, 97207 (503) 228-2746

36 The Celator rare and were struck in limited numbers, probably only in 1308, tocommemorate ANCIENT COLD ANCIENT SILVER & COPPER Oshin's elevation to the Armenian I. C. ... ·II'w-I" ;'" 1)1)·50(1 B.C. lll(tr"", \\ S1 ' :" 00'1 46, '[)'pt.I'i"t \H~ .1..0 ~ •• p.Ir.1'I1 Af 16 "". ~ ~~ , ~im;p '" ,t ~~ I,,,, CO"", ' t< """ .. SQ,"", mloo lid. '.'" Athon ..""lth f + " 49\.00 throne. The variety reported here was 1I1.<.t>l>, f·1'I ..... _ 150,00 1_ ~om j ' lmpil, ~01·4>O AO . Thood ..i • • ti l,,,,. ,,,, 01>< 4i . I.<.~" b, I,... H.. ,5ofI Wloll' 1'.0.00 unknown in 1962 (only 13 examples MM. r. "" "'lory":" ' .S.. ..42iJ A·/f 1>000 49. P' M~ ia · it l ,"ki • • , A.D h,'"'' I A.~ T . ~.~,.w. 01" were known at that time). 3, "",1;" (mpi" \21·555 I D J" ti. i• • II $olM oDv flo, bu.t ~ ~ '0< "" I .000fOflOol 'O<'",." ..1m """ ~ j''''' ~JO~~ ~~ 'At- ' " oni< I_ :~ _ ~OJ ~ , ,:.;;]'00 1)t~.. 'StU ~ »0. 4!iIS ~ D GoI"" .. II , ,' l"'"" .. ,"~ 'i» " I """ I '" .... 1 ~'I ."r>td 'oc.""" d .''''~ t,,~ T j '~ s._ &510 Osh!n Takvorlns ' I>I""'~ . , ... Ud 5",-lll Borl.·01 U /1 \,00 'I'f , 191 00 I. 581·601 ~O M."". Tib& \ I ' ~ " Sg,·mvr _" m.oo Obverse - •. A, abo>;o M M. 'IF _.... ____ .. _.. ____ ".. ___ ..."." .... ,, _.. ,"' lH,00 Wn ll1 001"0 _, "!I '_~ ' ~'_' . ~ '_ ~.-~ ~ orn 1r< ~~)I)So~ similar to Levon III takvorin, some­ 1, I.I . bo0.00 Il ~~'~;I~n, ~mr~'JW l :;'~~,~.~ft:'~~vr~''" ~t~ I_I.I . I:oY. bul AU _,1r\I<1 _" J91.oo times slightly cruder in style. Field '*' 13. R..,.. R. public 18H'\ ac. I.E ... , "'... . IIoc>o 0brI markings consist typically of one or two ' oW.~WIO ' Ptlltt,." PtIlo!S.. , · llf odiO ""I 111.00 " . 1 ~9 - 1" a c I.E .., "' OY. So.,." 01>< "'~'<>ol o<-'Ier, Armenian leners, placed behind king, ~: '" COd",,,, ",.,... , 2 ,,1;'11 So", -11 r 'Z1~M and in front of or beneath the horse. 10. R.m •• [mpi,, ~a - ll) A. D I'~ .. I.R Don:o ,~ . ""'. 10, ~ ,. ' .... "' lOry ~~I "' '' 1II & po,," br"",n Ivr .',00 Armenian inscription, within bands as 11_ llH38 H.dri •• All ~ .."" 00-.' I" ~ , 't< ~'"'" ... 1"' , RiCII-161'(f 6~ . OO for Levon III takvorin, reads AVSH IN SB _IOz.10; A.a. PI •• til" IR 0."",," , 01>< 'ero.: ,. ,0< 1'1:0 • • KING OF THE ARMENIANS or vari­ ~I. , Ca,ac>u. ' I.i R$C·ll "'CO '(f . 119.OO \9_ - ~) ri • .•• ti+t~ 114-149 A.O. P~ ~i , ! I.R T ocr~ J t< ; M I ~. o02 -ilG A,P. Ph", .. SdidJS OI" ~,1Td fUllll " 5. ·.18 o b ,.~, h~ f. rt'I ,,(en SM C · ~ [f. ).\ 00 ants. U _ ...... "" . "" .. _ ,_'"' ".. ".,,_ ....._ .. _ .. _.. _._.. . 310.00 W - S,'ia' Mti+t1o /1' -111 .1.0. Philip " Ii! I, tr od",,,," 11.6' 1-663 1..0. &00.10 .. II Solid" 00. ." DUnJo! "''' 011> " ,hd.L ,., " t: . BM~\I8,,,,,vr 14\.00 Reverse -depiction oflion with cross, facinl ,t<_ ""' .. Ef ___ .. , ...... _.. , m.oo Sur·,,, .1 _ S"ia·loti o< h /'9·,11 AD'ro i'. DK ' . "~ [' t'iId- and inscription, as for Levon III, some­ 11. A, . ""'~ ~\ vr ____ ...... __ _.. _ .. _ ...... _..... ,, _.. _ ... ".. 1>0.00 11. OIHU AD. Sob of Con,I", n t ''''mWI hU hd , '" " I" 8.1IC->8 1if • 129 00 !>un, 61 1.< ' l:Obul 8.\IC·>8JVf+ ., 00 times slightly cruder in style. Field Con, [O ,w I\' ,.... . " . .. ~to01 OIl 1 'lOP' H 295.00 1( 11)68· 1011 A,a, R...... 1i Scr.N»tl llltl ...... 110"''''''' oj 1.< 'I»" b 'I B !oIC · W ~ Vf .9 00 " I.< bul Bile 59il VI - marking is typically a pellet in front of & . CAlISt I ~ . OIl ItQoI. RMIlOM N & "doc" ' t,j to ,~, .t>o>, 89 00 ,.. ~ ~" d , eoOO [O Oirno ' ~'14")"",,"' Ill. Su,·llI9 vr &5 _ S,'ia·lolio<;h 25il·11 1 .1.0 K" ...... EI""" IJ the lion's tail. Mean weight for 42 ' T .tr' :If"'Omo ~' . Mild' .". l>l~ 8MC -01 6 [f 14\.00 I \, 1 ~~1 ~~~ ~ '~;(:h';' ! 'rij' s 'IS hd , ' 0< 1 Levon IV Takvorin 01><. "" ~ "d_'- ,... "".. mao ' .. "'Ill ,-.I SarlO'-101 [f m.oo -..I~"" 'Ii on Milor ,'.60 oj ,t.;40,d IU 19 00 )G_3&1). J611,0, Julia.II AI.301J •. ~'ITd' , t<. Wll! ~' ad'I, Obverse and Reverse - virtually )1. - Co ~ ic· Sp.lj . ·C.. loI o I,t Ctot Re. I! <"9 ,,"'II 00'< 'P'''~ ' filM """",,0 SU,·j()64 lH ,9 00 ~"' d lTd. ' .. (" 'lent & ,1.1, bot". ro D. SpIl.o" 1\11 to. identical to the takvorins of Oshin, ex­ Burl,,-I,a m 111iX) 11 J79·3'6A.0 ",Ii. F !," i~ .Il!l ..tI ~ r_"" 1\ AI. I 11. - CoIti< ·S"i,·O" . 130 ,10 B C. III 0,,,,,,,,, oil< "" " 00'<."''''>1, rt'I ~(!Or)' ... Itd f .. ""' '' ~'I CllrlStOi,,,n cept for the obverse inscription reading lTd . ,. ,t< __ao ' .. ",1/1 "',n 8",,,-1101 [I. t.an .. ""14 .. So "' - '1 9 ' 1 ~ .... __ 0900 LEVON KING OFTHE ARMENIANS. ' ~ 'II , t td1'l t~oo 12. l!l·lM ~.O M.I"" MOii",,, AA ~~" & _ ~. tmt '­ )6_Co Iti<·G.. H.I .. Il l. mm 10. 3 b"t ~ n . id'MO, ... R.. ' om. , ..l td jO<"'1. lid . I ~ " \(.obO & 'Pt" Mutt· ",j Garrn.",' """ lOl lIJ· 1>0 00 Weight is 2.21 grams, Bedoukian type "':'" ~ 8'i' 00" T,,-, -104a AW $;,00 ',...." Il ' ~', !Ie 31_ S-am>tia·QI. i, ,_ oill· IUI Coni 8.C ,If 21 "'" Doipllrn IJ " , ..ti .. (mli" 6110008 1.0 Coo,t,n, If A' H"'I'''' ~" Sb -'191 ,cqra~ p: "" , 1 0Vllr>r trPO moo or:. ... ><"1 ' .. ,,,,,Ion ("'" .. ,I.p, 1982-1983 variety. The spelling of the 1'1 + . I f I 00 18. - Olbi, c, '1lI - \t ~ Cent B,C, I.E II """..,.. ,,' 001 rt'I word "made" on the reverse is 74 %l-! )6 ~ D Joh . I ~R M .~ "'''on..,.. ~'~II ~ "''' I £I IC/I'Wo\ Cvr ~ "1>4 1500 """" ' ''~I ,~. ))8 ) vr 16;00 1i_ C,.. . •... V.. , UI c..l BC _ III $al"'''' \.. t.Jn ~ ~, t" SHINADs, an unusual variant for this I~ ~IH0 1 ~ 10 b ,., ~I king. h 110 00 Sb - 1110~ f + 1 ~I _OO 4~ C. ..). ·Co l i . · ~hod .. SBl·3Q,j Be AR (1.-><101 OOV ... of I. 11 88·\lS9 1 ~·120 1 ~ . D TIIoo< ' '' IWI.'''. ApoZIo''' lo'II.S·W1){f 11I_00 ,\III'''. '" I, M. EMI l. I.E l. ,100 "-'Y. o.n.) )9 , F,& \-o!; 10 AI. hi! o\> ' iL CllroO ,.... "'.. on ,i.ps discoveries up to 1987. See also P. .." ,.... . Srmrxt.'" Honrill-JIl rt<. l,[O" I" ,;,,,111 Ht rod~ - II(.115 80" 015-641 ~ O. Af f." 01" 'Ii· Ca~pII ","' <10» on ,to ), Nice r ,, _ 1 ~ , 00 M ;ot - ~. m W''' !f ~t 14 , lGh rI JO.~"l' 2 SarJto CIor,. Show . Can_ lion C""ter P.o . Box 3371-C H eval Bronze Group" ,Journal o/the Pacific ~'Y 15·16 Sa« a ..."'" V• ..." CoO> CkJb Show • loSier,. ConvnurVly Ce"". Rosemead, CA U. S.A. 91710-8371 S325 EngIo Ro>od (C_hool. CA) Coast Numismatic Society, No. 23 (April (818) 44&-0775 ~'Y 20-23 ConlrJl StoW. Show • Clicago _ 's. Ro"''''''''t Convonlion Cerrler 1990), pp. 4-7. ~ . Y 2S·29 Golden Stolo Coin Show ~ lIT. Airport. ~ ...... o Hotfl ~ l ... Angolos. CA Coil from 7 '.m. _ 10 p.m.· 7 doyo. wMk TERMS: 1'<>""'0& up to $100,00, $2.00. 2 Paul Z. Bedoukian, Coinage 0/ Cilician "",.,. 3~ Long Be.."., . L""5 Bead> ean ... ntion Contfl, ....,"" 11·13 Now Yorl; IrrI!Iff!OIionoI Spring Coin Foir. $ho,. tan Hole l $I01.oo·l3OO.oo. $3.00. $301.oo·Up· $5.00. Armenia (New York, 1962), pp. 14-17j CA ,esidents add 8·1/4% sales to Paul Z. Bedoukian, Medieval Armenian Cains (Paris, 1971), pp. 44-50. 3 Y.T. Nercessian, "A Hoard of Levon 111 Takvorins" ,A rmenian Num ismatic Jour­ ANC IENT & nal, Vo].18 (1992),pp.3-l4jL.A.Saryan MEDIEVAL and C.A. Hajinian, "Another Hoard of Levon II I Takvorins", Armenian Numis­ COINS, maticJourJlQi, Vol. 18 (1992), pp. 15-24; BOOKS & L.A. Saryan, "More Takvorins of Levon III" ,Armenian NumismaticJournal, Vol. AN TI QU ITIES 18 (1992),pp. 77-78. 4 Paul Z. Bedoukian,"A Hoard of Silve r Coronation T rams of Oshin (1308- 1320)", L.R. LANTZ Haigal.ianArmeno/agicaIReview, VoJ.4 (1973), pp. 81-96 (in Annenian). 5 Bedoukian, "A Hoard of Silver Corona­ CMV NUMISMATICS tion Trams of Oshin", p. 89 . PO BOX 1699. ALAMEDA, CA 94501 USA· 510769-0137

May 1993 37 Owen offers large JUST FOR BEGINNERS by Wayne G. Sayles selection of Greek and Roman coins Questions Answers The Spring 1993 Fixed Price List of Why are some This is really an intriguing question. I can Ancient Coins and Antiquities is cur­ rare ancient coins remember sitting in an auction room three or four rently available from Edgar L. Owen. The list features a large selection of sold Inexpensively, years ago with a well known "investment oriented~ Greek and Roman coins in all prices and much more dealer seated beside me. The sale was proceeding ranges, as well as numerous multiple common coins sold through the Greek silver lots when the auctioneer lots. Medieval, Oriental and world for a lot more? came to a shekel of Tyre. This coin, often touted as coins are also listed, along with the "Thirty Pieces.of Silver"type, is pereniaJlypopular antiquities. and fortunately available with little searching. A The Roman world is represented nice VFish coin, well centered, with good silver with coins of more than 108 different ought to bring'somethingbetween $300 and $500. imperial personages in all metals, A The particular.spe'¢imen "being auctioned was large number of Greek cities are also unquestionablyEF,putthis coin is not particularly represented. In all close to 630 lots are rare in high grade.Tne dealer sitting next to me, listed with a good selection in all price anClone other pei"soiiiii the i'oOlll,c6v8ted the coin. ranges. Tfj8'"cjealer yv'ori(orIQst):at $1 ,600 plus the juice. I The free illustrated list is obtainable was more than a little baffled and audaciously by writing to Edgar L. Owen, RD2, Box asked why he ha.dbidso high. His answer was 710, Andover, NJ 07821, or by calling ~Have you ever seen a better one?- Now that's a (201) 398-9557. loaded questibn-if 'you asked five people you would get five yes answers, because beauty is truly in the eye of the beholder. But, on this particular Select Roman silver night, that particular coin was beheld in an aura of brilliance by two willing and able buyers. focus of current I personally own at least a dozen unique ancient coins. That is, there are no other known examples SC Coins price list published in'''any coUeCtibn or recorded sale that I SC Coins of Alexandria, Minnesota, am aware of-and I've searched diligently. I don't has recently issued a fixed price catalog believe that I have pa.id over $100 for anyone of offering a selection of 53 high quality theSe coins, yet they are of the greatest rarity. If I Roman silver coins. The catalog, which were to sell them tomOrr6w-::'Nhich won't happen­ includes a complete series olthe Twelve I; , they wouldn't bring anygrea,t premium, even 'as Caesars, is fully photographed and unique exa.mple:s; :The"reasonis :sirripIY that they contains a descriptive historic narrative are t60 esoteriC, > lJllique coins of minor Greco­ of each coin. Romandties;l.Inlessth,~y are big and blessed with Highlights of the Roman lmperatorial narrative' iconography,are a tough sell for most selections feature portrait coins of dealers. Unique coins of obscure dynasties are no Pompey the Great, MarcAntony, Lucius better. And then there are the' scads of unique Antony, and Julius Caesar, The catalog bronze coins of Muslim princes, atabegs, sultans, also contains 14 different coins of viziers and usurpers that no onecan even attribute. Octavian/Augustus. Collectors of the Julio-Claudian series will appreciate the The point is, perceived value is directly related to coins of Caligula and Claudius, with popularity and familiarity. Tetradrachms of scarce reverse types that include Alexander, and of Athens, are incredibly common, Agrippina the Elder, Agrippina the but they have a market floor that is supported by Younger, and the youthful prince Nero. their popularity, Every newcomer to ancient coin Also featured in the sale is a denarius of collecting will buy one of each. Learning about a Vespasian with the popular JUDEA rare and obscure coin takes more initiative and reverse. tenacity than most collectors are willing to exert. It's SC Coins deals exclusively in select actually sad, because that's where the real joy of Roman silver and bronze coinage. The collecting ancient coins lies, Discovering new types firm's name is derived from the S(ena­ and adding to the corporate knowledge of tus) C(onsulto) found on virtually all numismatic science is a great thrill-it can make bronze issues from Augustus to you an instant expert. Your findings can be published . Copies of the catalog may be in The Calato! and read by numismatists worldwidel obtained upon request by contacting Best of ali, it can be CHEAPI SC Coins, P.O. Box 992, Ale xandria, MN 56308.

38 The Gelato! Ancient Greek mpirr QIoiuz & Roman Coins ~ Ancient Coin Specialists and books about them • Buyin~ • Selling · Want Lists · Books · AppraIsals · Consignments · Referrals • Attendance at all major Shows and Sales Vol. 1, No. 1 • Exclusive Auction Bidding Service • Sound Advice 1Y.osed On long experience Feb/Mar 1987 • Subscribers receive six fuUy illustrated Free sample catalogs fixed price catalogues of ancient coins and books about them, and two major auction sales per year. • Period ic reference book lists & sales Thomas P. McKenna Empire Coins, Inc. I p.o. Box 1356-E P.o. Box 2634 Ft. Collins, 80522 Ormond Beach, FL 321 75-2634 USA co Phonc(904)6TI-7314 ffi;~.,M.ti Office hOurs 9-5, M·F ~~ .... _ .. (303) 226-5704 F .. (9OoI)677-1Jl~

This is issue number 71 of The Celator. The firms featured on this page advertised in Volume 1, No.1 and have advertised in every issue since.

The next time y ou do business with these firms and all of the others seen on these pages remember to thank them for their continuing support of your favorite publication about ancient and medieval coins and antiquities.

'JI1{'1J 513I{f;I'E1{'T Pegasi Coins T1('Ef4S'l.l'1('ES P.o. Box 4207 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Phone: (313) 995-5743 Fax: (313) 995-3410 /1l Classical numismatists serving The Time beginners thru advanced coll«:tors Classical Greek, Roman, Machine Co. Vol. 7, No. 5 Byzantine, and Medieval Coins, Books & Antiquities Fine Archaeological May 1993 Art and Coins Free illustrated catalogs P.O. Box 282 - Flushing Sta. Specify: Ancient or Medieval Queens, NY 11367 Want lisls serviced. Consultations available. (718) 544-2708 Apprajsals and astata evalualions performed. Active buyer of all malerial.

May 1993 39 Book News

The Silver Coinage of Vella, by section on obols and diobols. The com· source, and its use of stylistic analysis Roderick T. Williams, (Royal Numis­ plexity of such an undertaking can only to establish periods of issue is very matic Society Special Publication No. be appreciated by an examination of the appealing. The plates, which are com· 25, London, 1992) 164 pp., 1 map, 47 final product. Williams has listed virtu· prehensive and uniformly of high quality, plates. Distributed by Spink & Son ally every specimen known in major illustrate every known die combination. Ltd., London. collections and sales. Although this is a rather specialized Roderick Williams, Reader Emeri­ reference, it is an essential addition to tus in G reek Art and Archaeology al the any serious numismatic library and is of University of Durham, is an accom­ collateral value to any collector or histo­ plished numismatist with many books rian interested in the history of south and articles to his credit. Among these Italy prior to the invasion of Pyrrhus. are The Confederate Coinage of the This exhaustive work is an important Arcadians (ANS-1965) and Silver and most welcome addition to the field Coinage of the Phokians (RNS-1972) . of numismatic literature. This new work follows in the excellent The Silver Coinage of Velia is avail­ tradition he has established. able from Spink and Son, 5-7 King St., The Silver Coinage of Velia is a cor­ St. James's, London SW1 Y 60S for £50 pus and die-study of the complete issue plus £6 S&H, or through your favorite of this important south Italian city which bookseller. was colonized by Greeks in the sixth Wayne G. Sayles century B.C. Its coinage spans the period of greatest artistic achievement in Magna Graecia. The catalogue is To the student of this series, or divided into 10 chronological periods, someone doing comparative analysis, Papal books receive from the Archaic (c. 535·c. 465 B.C.) to this work is a library unto itself. The art status of Imprimatur the -NOwl Group~ (c. 300 B.C.), plus a historian will also find it a valuable re- The Roman Catholic Church, in an announcement by Bishop Edward M. Egan, has granted the status of Nihil From The Coin's Point Of View Obstat and Imprimatur to the two most recent books by American numismatic by Bob Levy author Allen G. Berman. The books are with an introduction by David R. Sear Papal Coins and Papal Numismatic History: The Emancipation oftha Papal This book features Bob Levy's impressive collection of ancient coins consisting State. These designations, according of 63 extraordinary pieces, each of which was selected with superb connoisseur­ to Bishop Egan, ~are official declarations ship. These Imperatorial and Julio-Claudian coins span the reigns of Julius that a book or pamphlet is free of Caesar through Nero. The first section of the book contains a series of articles doctrinal and moral error." previously published in The Celator, as well as an additional unpublished article. Papal Coins is the first one-volume These articles are whimsical stories, narrated by the coins themselves, telling of work to catalogue and describe all known coins struck by the Popes. Papal experiences they have had since the time they were struck. Another segment of Numismatic History traces, through the book contains background infonnation outlining the period towhich the coins coins and contemporary evidence, the make reference. The coinage, mostly silver denarii, spans a period of 117 years Popes' struggle for independence from (49 B.C. - A.D. 68). Included are excerpts about how the coins were minted, as the control of secular rulers, and their well as a lineage chart of the emperors who reigned during this period. A catalog final success in the founding of a of the collection itself gives detailed descriptions of the obverse and reverse of sovereign Papal State. Papal each coin. Levy also includes a brief historical background of each individual Numismatic History in particular coin. This work is handsomely produced and profusely illustrated, with enlarge­ analyzes the political implications of both ments of every coin in the collection. the numismatic and documentary evidence. 8-1/2xll 178pp., hardbound with fu ll color dust jacket u, Papal Coins is a 255 page hard cover book with 77 plates, and is priced at A Great Value at $29.95 $59.50. Papal Numismatic History is 165 (plus $3.50 postage, shipping in early June) pages, softbound with 8 pages of plates and maps. Both works are available Order from: through numismatic booksellers or directly from the publisher, Attic Books, Clio's Cabinet, P.O. Box 123, Lodi, WI 53555 Ltd., 15 Danbury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877; (203) 438·9652.

40 The Celator Numismatic Chronicle incorporates coin hoard information

Starting with Vol. 154 (1994), the specifically requested that the entry be The Royal Numismatic Society Numfsmatic Chronicle will carry a new anonymous. Council has decided that this will be the section entitled "Coin Hoards", This will Authors should submit their last Coin Hoards volume to be distributed publish concise accounts of hoards in a contributions in the prescribed format, free of charge to RNS . Any format similar to Coin Hoards Vals. 1-7. with each entry typed on separate A4 future volumes will be published as part The purpose of this section will be to sheets, double-spaced and with ample of the Society's Special Publication publish malerial submined to the Editors margins. Contributions on ancient series, and, like the present volume, ilis in the nature of new finds, additional Greek, Roman, and Celtic coins should expected that future Coin Hoardswill be information about published finds, or be directed to Dr. Ian Carradice, focused on the publication of hoards of summary reports of finds that have been Department of Art History, University of a specific series. The publication of published in non-numismatic journals. SI. Andrews, Fife, Ky16 9AL, England. summary details of hoards of any series Unlike the periodical Coin Hoards, Contributions on medieval (including will, however, be continued by the the Numismatic Chronicle will not Byzantine), modern and Oriental coins Society through a new section in its attempt to summarize finds already should be directed to Mr. Mark annual journal Numismatic Chronicle. published in numismatic journals or Blackburn, Fitzwilliam Museum, Because of its speCialist focus, the numismatic books. It will, however. Cambridge CB2 1 AB, England. Society understands that some fellows carry preliminary repC'rts of finds that A new volume of Coin Hoards is in may not wish to receive a copy of Coin are to be published more fully elsewhere. preparation and, it is hoped, will be Hoards 8. Therefore, fellows wishing to The section will be additional to the published in the Autumn of 1993. It has receive their copy of Coin Hoards 8 usual contents of the Chronicle, and it been decided that this volume will be should contact the Society by May 1, should not deter the fuller publication of exclusively devoted to hoards of Greek 1993, in order to secure their copy. hoards as Articles or Notes. coins reported since Volume 7 (1985). After that date, copies will only be The format will be similar to that It is intended that this volume will bring available to fellows atthe usual discount used in Coin Hoards. The degree of up to date the previous Coin Hoards from the Society's distributors, Spink & detail provided in the listing of the supplements to The Inventory of Greek Son Ltd., 5·7 King SI., 51. James's, contents of any hoard will vary according Coin Hoards. London SW1Y 60S, England. to the information available, the nature of the coin series, and whether it is a preliminary or final report. Authors FIRST TIME OFFERED! should provide full bibliographic details (in the Chronicle's house style) of any Ya 'akoy Meshorer's references and abbreviations used. These will be included in a consolidated ANCIENT JEWISH COINAGE, Addendum I list or a footnote, as seems most • Corrects and supplements Meshorer's classic two-volume work appropriate. An estimate of the date of • Usts more than 175 new coin types and varieties deposit, under the rubric ~Burjal c . ...• or "Burial after ...• will be included at the • Special offprint from the current Numismatic Journal head of each entry. Please provide the 46 pages card-cover, modern name of the findspot, region/ includes 16 pages of plates province, and country, and the date of discovery, sofar as is known. Comments $20 postpaid/rom: about the circumstances of the find or the nature of the hoard/parcel may be included. If the author wishes to include a discussion of the numismatic significance of the find the Editors may advise that the report should be Maine Classical Numismatics published as an Article or Note in the 2069 Atlantic Hwy., Warren, Maine 04864 Chronicle or elsewhere. Illustrations are welcome, but if more New England's largest ancient coin inventory than one plate is required contributors should consult the Editors, who may Bowley's u.s. Route #1, Warren, Maine suggest depositing sets of photographs Phone 207-273-3462 - H. 207-273-2653 with one or more major institutions. Photographs should be cut out and Sorry, no lists available. Watch for show schedule mounted as whole or part plates Buying and selling at competitive prices according to the Chronicle's -Guidance for Contributors·. The author's name Barrie Jenkins - Classical Numismatist will appear after the entry, unless it is May 1993 41 COillS of the Bible Tenth Legion countermarks examined

discovered during the excavation of a There has been much discussion by David Helldill parking lot next to Jerusalem's National about why people countennarked coins Auditorium. inancienttimes. Both civil and military Insignias of the Tenth Legion were countennarking took place. Obviously The coins counterrnarked by the the boar and the gaUey, as well as vari· the Tenth Legion countennarks apply to Tenth Roman Legion, known as the ous abbreviations of its name (LX, XF, the latter. In his book Greek Imperial Legio Decima Fretensis, are of special LEX, LXF). These abbreviations can Countermarks, C.J. Howgego explains interest to the collector of ancient Jew­ be found on ceramic tiles produced by that "Countermarking took place in ish coins. The legion probably got its or for the Tenth Legion. A stone lamp military contexts in many pans of the name Fr elensis from the Fretum post near the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem's Roman Empire." Sicu/um, the straits where the legion Old City bears a Latin inscription refer· He observes that "Legionary fought in the Sicilian War against Sex­ ring to the Tenth Legion as LEXFR. countermarksare usually foundon worn tus Pompei us. Later the coins. It is likely that their troops of the Tenth Legion primary purpose was to were stalioned in Syria. . -- make such coins acceptable The men of the Tenlh 10 the troops as payor Legion Fretensis fonned the change. Since each group forces that Vespasian led of legionary counlermarks against Akko and other (in the east at least) is found nonhem portions of the on one size of coin only, Land of Israel in his cam­ Ihey may have guaranteed a paigner A.D. 66. TheTenth specific value also. The also made up a good part of evidence of finds does not the force that destroyed suggest that the counter· Jerusalem under Titus in marks turned the coins into A.D. 70. Three years later tokens foruse by the legions the same unit besieged and only. The coun tennarks Heodin-192 (left) shows an elaborate Tenth Legion countermark caused the destruction of the could be applied either at a with the letters LX.F. above a boar, with a smaffdolphfn below it zealot fortress of Massada. legion's pennanent camp or This countermsrl<. iovariably appears with another Tenth Legion The Tenth Legion soon on campaign, and probably symbol, the gafkiy. Hendin-196a (right) shows the form of the became the official, penna· by detachments as well as Tsnth Leglon countermarks that are commonly found on nent unit of the Roman coins struck in Antioch that date from before A.D. 66. legions. A study of the brick province of Judea. After stamps of X Fretensis (by the Bar Kochba War, the Dan Barag) shows the legion garrisoned itself in Aelia And, of course, many coins are counter· iconographic tradition to which the Capitoline. The Sixth Legion Ferrata marked with the Tenth Legion's various countennarks belonged." guarded Northern Israel. Some years insignias. It is possible that the countennark· ago archaeologists discovered an exten· Hebrew University Professor of AT· ing of coins was necessary for the Ie· sive Tenth Legion camp at the Ramat chaeology Dan Barag concludes that gionary soldiers more as a psychologi· Rachel Kibbutz,outsideJerusalem. Just the coins counlermarked by the Tenth cal tool than a fiscal one. After being last summer another major Tenth Le· Legion date from about A.D. 68 t096, or drilled and "psyched" into haling their gion site, perhaps its headquarters, was possibly A.D. 132 at the latest. enemies, the legionnaires may have been unable to adapt to local coinage without it being "notarized" with their own in· signias. Quality Auctions Of course the very visible circula· We conduct two Numi smatic Collector orie nted Public & Mail Bid Auction sales tion of countermarked coins could also each year. Our sales feature a wide selection of Ancients. Antiquities. World Gold. have a devastating psychological effect Crowns & Minors. Canadian & Uni ted States Coinage as we U as Papcr Money. on the people living in the territory Tokens & Medals. occupied by the legionary force. Each of our catalogs is well illustrated. Subscription rates are $17.50 pe r year which includes prices realized follow ing the sale. Countermarks of the Sixth Legion Consignments are IIlwllys IIccepted for our upcoming auction schedule. For Ferrata (LVIF) and the Fifteenth information and terms please write us. Apollonaris (LXV) are also sometimes found in Israel. The presence of these ·.Craig A. Whitford Numismatic Auctions countennarks is confirmation that these :, . . . ". P.O. 80x 22026, Lansing, Michigan 48909 legions also operated in the area. "_ t _ - ' .. J Tel: 517/394·4443 or Fax: 517/394-5510 A @ 1993 by David Hendin

42 The Celator Coinage of Carausius TRIVIA QUIZ and Allectus offered Our word zany stems from the in fixed price list Italian zanni, which in turn comes from Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. is the name of a buffoon in the mimes. offering a specialized collection of 90 Who was this zany character? coins relating to Roman minting activities (Answer on page 56) in Britain. This offering is highlighted by over fifty different coins of Carausius and AJlectus, the largest single offering of these coins in the last ten years. r------, These coins are featured in the current edition of the Classical Numismatic Review, eNG's quarterly fixed price list. In addition to the above ninty coins, there are Greek, Roman !r:/ C~i~sFile ~! Republican, Roman Imperial, Aoman r------, Provincial, Byzantine, Dark Age, Med ieval, Foreign and English coins ~R~~:~:~: (I A.D. 217-218 a . . RIC 53

M. Opilius Severus Macrinus was born atCaesarea, Mauretania in A.D. 164. Uke many Roman emperors of his era, he rose from humble origins to attain fame and power in the Roman army. He became Praetorian Praefec1 under Caracalla, and assumed the purple following the assassination of the emperor-in which he apparently had ahand. He associated hisson Diadumenian with him, first as Caesar AE quinarius of AI/actus with and apparently later as co-emperor. Macrinus seems to have possessed some reverse depicting Victory left on the qualities of fairness (propagandized on the reverse of this coin type) which ultimately prow of a gal/ey. The Victory on led to his demise. He removed oppressive taxes and enforced order and discipline the galley is pure propaganda as among the troops, who responded by proclaiming Elagabalus emperor. Macrinus Allectus never won a naval battle. L marched______against Elagabalus, but was defeated in battle, fled, and was captured at ~ Chalcedon, where he was put to death along with his ten year old son. offered at fixed prices. This issue features several articles by leading MARKET CAPSULE There is no direct I numismatic scholars as well as a book I Personality ...... Macrinus correlation between review. Books are also offered for sale. I I I Denomination ...... Denarius marKet analysis The Classical Numismatic Review is and the photo abol/e. I References ...... RIC 53/ BMC 58/ Cohen 2 available on a subscription basis at $25 I I Database (sale) appear...... 7 (1985-1992) annually to U.S. subscribers. A com­ I Source: Ave. Weight ...... 3.50 gms I plimentary copy of this current issue I NumismaticArchives. Ave. Condition ...... Extremely Fine I can be obtained by writing to Classical P.O. Box 173, LAve. ______Price Realized ...... $325 ~ Numismatic Group, Inc., P.O. Box 245, I Uttleton., COBOJ60 I Quarryville, PA 17566. Be.- IT WAS A lOVelY v ON 1\16 W IfUNOI~, WHEN ... LAR17llU~! R£ALLY fi,.l.IU5! ;-=:-::--,-JYO'UR SLI>.V5S ARE I THINK YOUR SLAVE5 ARE. r~e1T'I DISbUSTINb ~E.VOLTIN&! -rOO .I 0 o

May1993 43 Reference Reviews Coinage of The ROMAN TETRARCHY (284-313)

by Dennis Kroh portions of 4 plates. It is a seriously out­ Reprinted in 1972 and 1986, the latter is There are 20 limes more rejerence works and dated study but is still the standard reference still available ($75) although [ have been other books on Ancient Coins available /Odoy for tllis period. Out of print and rare, it informed that supplies are dangerously low. than just twenty years ago. Very few IlIlmis­ currently (with part 1) commands $500 or mofiSlS know how /0 utilize these references, or morc in the marketplace in good condition. Cohen 6 & 7 even where IO start looking Jar certain ilell1S. Webb also wrote "The Pre-Reform Coil/age The sixth volume of the cight-volume w**ork Many of Ihesl' books are frsell/ial for the oj Dioc/etiilll" in the 1929 Numismatic by Henri Cohen "Description Hisloriqur des col/ector 10 own, others worthy of one reading Chronicle that is nearly as useful and is still monnaies frappees SO/IS l'Empire ROll/ain· (and are never again consulred), and some are available as an offprint for only S2.50 (29 covers Macrianus (260) to Maximianus obsolete and ponderous exercises in fll/ility. pages,2 plates). (310) and Diocletian & Maximianus take up This monthly column explores most references pages 412-567. Pages 55-187 of Volume on Ancient Coins (by city-stale or rime period) , scven covcr thc rcmaining members of thc IiIld will rail' them according 10 {heir useful­ ***** tetrarchy. Though published in 1892, it is 'leSS, clarity, illustrations, and availability, Of the great many contributions to perhaps still the most commonly utilized ulilizing a five-Slor syslem similar to thai used numismatics written by the late C.H.V. reference (especially in Europe), even Jar movies, res!auranls, and hotels. Prices are Sutherland, his finest in my opinion has to also given wherever a.-oilable. lr is highly be "The Roman Imperial Coinage, Voilime though much of its infonnation is now considered obsolete. The coins are conven­ recolTunended thai alleast 10% ofyour col/ecl­ VI, from Diocletion 's reform (A .D. 294) to ing budget be invested in reference books. the death of Maximinus (A .D. 313)", iently hut not very scientifically arranged published in 1967. The large output of alphabetically by reverse legend, and thcn sillteen mints is given a very delailed by type. Good line-drawings for principal GENERAL WORKS trcatmcnt in its 727 pagcs and 16 fine plates. types appear throughout the French text, and Once yOU get used to the format, it becomes valuations (in French Gold Francs) arc RIC V, pllrt 2 a very quick and easy volume to use with supplied for all but the most common issucs. The pre-reform coinage of the tetrarehy** cxtrcmely helpful indiccs. My only criticism Original sets are rare (and usually falling (285-294) is covered in part 2 of "Roman deals with thc rarity scales fo r cach issuc. apart), the 1955 Graz reprint is the best, but scarce and $400-500 or so. There is a Imperial Coinage, Voilime V" by Percy which arc in mOSI cascs very misleading (but Webb (London, 1933), pages 204-309 and not as much so as those in Volume VII). reprint available (from Holland) for c.S250 softbound , or c.$400 hardbound. Single volumes are only rarely offercd individually.

If you aren't seeing this symbol on Hunter Vol. V "Roman Imperial CoillS in the Hunur**** Coin catalogues you are currently receiving Cabinet, University oj Glasgow, Volume V, Diodetion's Rrjorm to Zeno" (Oxford, 1982) by Anne Robertson is a very useful refcrence which describes over 3,000 coins, most of them ill ustrated. The arrangement is unusual as it is by emperor ralher than mint (which can be yery handy if thc mint­ mark is off-llan). 529 pagcs, 96 excellcnt plates . OP and scarce, around $200 or so.

A series of articles by Otto Vocttcr in** the V icnna publication Nllmismatische Zeitschrift in 1899, 1917, 1918 & 1920 wcre titlcd "Die KlipJerpragungen der diocletianschen Terrarchie". For over half a Century unlil the publication of RIC VI thesc werc thc most scientific works on the subject and can be found bound together and well worn from use in most veteran libraries. Very rare. Write for our membership list

Jean-Paul Divo "Principal Coins of the Romans, Volume**** 3: Secretary, I.A.P.N. TIu Dominate A.D. 294-498" by R.A.G Carson (London, 1981) is a survey of the Lowenstrasse, 65 typc-coins in thc British Museum. 112 CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland pages of text, with 1030 coins illustrated next to their descriptions. Very useful

44 The Celator dating critcria for the later issues based on them mint-stale, from which nearly all of Bastien, L IOII **** recent research. Available, c.$40, thc coins in the current marketplace dcrive_ "Le I/IO/mayage de l'Atelier de Lyon . A.D. 1.415 coins (about two-thirds of thc cntire 285-294 " (Weltercn, 1971) and "Le hoard) arc examined in detail. and split into monnayage de l'Ale lier de Lyon, de fa SPECIALIZED WORKS, 99 types. This catalogue was the basis for reJorme de DiocUtian ii la jermetllre the information on the silver coinage that lemparaire de l'Alelier en 316 (A.D, 294- RSC Vol. V ****'12 appears in RIC Volume VI, but is even 316)" (Wclleren , 1980) are part of a seven­ "Roman Silver Coins, Volume V (CarausillS more detailed. 90 pages, 15 plates, Engli sh volume set of corpus-catalogues by Pierre to RomulllS Augustulus)" was published in and Slovenian tex\. Scarce, about $60-80. Basticn dctailing the entire output of the 1987 and is the only book in this series to mint of Lugdunum from 274- 413. Each be written by Cathy King. The 65 pages of volumc is an extremely detailed work with (:t'ntur-C Hoard introductory text (with the issues presented so me very thick Frcneh te xt (that includes "The Cenw r-C Hoard, Folies oj Maxenti***us in a tabular format) are excellent, but the English summaries) and exceptional plates. and oJlhe TelrGrcily" by A.1elocnik and P. numbering system used is a not very satisfac­ The 285-294 volume has 253 pages of text Kos (Ljubljana, 1983) is an examination of tory adaptation of the obsolete alphabetical and 49 plates; the 294-316 volume 174 557 bro nze folles of the tetrarehy, most of systems of Cohen and, to a lesser extent, pages , 70 plates. Both are still in print and them fro m central mints. 214 pages, 13 Tolstoi (for the late Eastern emperors). ava il able in ha rdbound and cardeover ver­ plates, English and Slovenian tcxt. OP, Valuations (by David R. Scar) are given in sions although the price difference (only about $40 or so. both VF and EF grades, and the illustrations about $1 0) ha rdly justifies buying the soft are very clear. 214 pages, in print for $45. edition. Although these volumes are not "Arras" Hoard **** usually stocked by any U.S. dealcrs, they "Le Tresor de BeGuraiTlS, dit d'ARRAS " by Illllnb·\rlon Oaks are availahle in Europe and you should P. Bastien and C. Metzger (Wetteren, 1977) "Late Roma!1 Gold and Silver Coins*** at expect to pay around $125 fo r the first, is the definitive publication of this famous Dumbarton Oaks: Diocletian 10 Eugenius" SI60 or more for the s,"cond (plus shipping), appeared in Dumbarton Oaks Papers No.18, 1922 hoard of gold aureii, solidi and pp. 163-236 (Washington DC, 1964), and spectacular multiples which was buried in was a collaborative effort by A.R. Bellinger. 31 5 A. D. 471 coins (many of which P. Bruun. 1. Kent & C. H, V. Sutherland. It appear in the marketplace with regularity) Dennis Kroh is a well-known dealer o[anci ent describes 303 coins, all illustrated on 10 are described and illustrated, as well as coins and books about th em as well as afree­ many pieees of jewelry (i ncluding eoin­ excellent plate.~. This is very useful for the lance catalogue writer who utilizes many issues of the Tctrarehy. This is somctimes jewelry) and other silver objects. 258 pagcs references every day. Queries and comments offercd as an offprint, and rcadily brings (most with photos) plus 12 excellent plates. are welcomed Please enclose a SASE and $80 or morc. Around $125 . write to him c/o The Celator. ***** "Diode/iamlS, der Romiscile Kaiser aus Dalmalien" by Ivo Lukanc (Wcttercn, 1991) ROMAN IMPERIAL is the first in an intended series featuring all of thc cmperors of the tetrarehy. This is an in-depth study of this emperor with an over­ view of all of the monuments mentioning ISLAMIC & INDIAN COINAGE him . and contains a die-study of his gold Our Specialty coinage illustrating 548 specimens (all known at the time) including the holdings of ALL museums. 290 pages, most of them illustrated with great photographs, about S 175 and worth every penny _ .I t'loenik **** "71Ie Sisak Hoard oj Argenti oj Ihe Early Tetrarchy" (Ljubljana, 1961) documents a remarkable hoard of silver argentii, most of

Interested in buying rare or high grade Roman, Greek, Greek The aduertisers Imperia l, Byzantine, Ancient Near Eastern and Indian coins. on these pages For Serious Collectors - Occasional Lists support y our j ournal. Support them, WILLIAM B. WARDEN, JR. and remember to say P.O. BOX 356 lIJ that you saw it in ~ NEW HOPE, PA 18938 - '11te Cefator ~MiW.'" (215) 297-5088 \D

May 1993 45 Greek and Parthian coinage top Malter auction

Joel L. Maller & Co., Inc. will be kings of Egypt, and a Judaean First offered at auction. Many of the Parthian holding their Auction 51 on June 2, Revolt shekel of year 2. Other notable coins have been lotted. A line selection 1993. The sale will be held at 7pm, al issues are a diobol from Ainos, some 01 Elymais is also represented, including the Sheraton Los Angeles Airport Hotel Aigina silver fractionals, an EF didrachm several rare bronze tetradrachms. on 6101 West Century Blvd. in Los of Pixodaros from Caria, Rhodian Additional Greekand Aoman multiple Angeles, California. didrachms, a Persian gold daric, a lots are offered, as well as modern Featured in the auction are the Chris Siculo·Punic tetradrachm, and a rare foreign coins, medals, and a rare 547 J . Krausz and Or. M. Abgarian electrum trihemistaterfrom Carthage. gram gold bar from the Atocha unreserved estates of Greek, Roman, The Roman section, although not as shipwreck. The auction concludes with Byzantine, and Parthian coins, as well extensive as the Greek offerings, Classical antiquities from the Krausz as Classical antiquities and Russian leatures some important highlights as estate. icons. well, such as an aureus of Julius Caesar Catalogs for the sale are available Highlights among the G reek offerings with the bust of Victory on the obverse for$1 0 .. Various opportunities are being include a nice silverstaterfrom Caulonia and two Julius Caesar portrait denarii. scheduled. For further information, in VF condition, a tetradrachm of Gela, Additional au re ij include examples of contact Malter Galleries, 17005 Ventura also in VF, and a beautiful tetradrachm Augustus, Claudius, Nero, and a rare Blvd., Encino, CA 91316; phone (818) from Serinus with a reverse depiction of aureus of lucius Vitellius (father of the 784·7772. the archaic figure of the river-god emperor Vitellius). Nice sestertii of Salinos. A nice selection of Syracusan Trajan, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus silver coins includes letradrachms of Aurelius highlight the Roman bronze Agathokles and a 10 litrai 01 Heiron II. coinage. Selections of Byzantine gold M & M list features Nice Syracusan bronzes are also and Roman Colonial coins round out featured. Ph ifip II and Alexander the this section. south Italian and Great are represented by silver The Dr. M. Abgarian Collection of tetradrachms and gold staters. ancient Persian coinage is quite Syracusan coinage Other Greek highlights are complete, and of high quality. Parthian tetradrachms of lysimachus, Athens, drachms and tetradrachms are Mun zen und MedailJen , in Ust 563. Cyme, Myrina, Magnesia ad numerous, and the selection of bronze offers an interesting selection of 47 Maeandrum , Caria, the Seleucid kings, examples is probably the largest ever ancient coins of southern Italy and Syracuse. Tarentum is represented by several nomos issues in Extremely Fine condition, as well as one from Poseidonia and one from Sybaris, also WARS OF in EF. Four issues of Himera are highlighted by two tetradrachms, one in THE ROSES EF and one FOC, while seven coins of Syracuse are offered, including five tetradrachms. Highlighting the Syracusan issues is a gold 1 00 litra with an obverse portrait of Arethusa. A THE REIGATE HOARD tetradrachm of Agathokles is also RooI.&oM. IocoMod III. Surrey. _....a.IioIood io doe 12111 c.-ry _. "",,1rOI_...JIJ for doe -.. ~ doe noteworthy. Many other cities of Sicily ...... dol _I 01'1_ .... '" Surroy. 110...... ,. .... pod)- _ Joy doe b:.L _.....,..~. Thio t-nI ~ .... jo..JJy, ~ _ iI _,...u.Iy. -u-r. t-nI boriod ...... tbo W.. "' .. It_ oIiabdy and southern Italy are represented as i00i"_ 145S. well. "The Bargain Page" consists of an assortment 01 ancient bronze coinage . .-, VI. 142l-1~1 . AR 0.-.. a.t.io ...ioL AarIIIloI; ..... ( 1.n. I~1). + bENJUC DI OR ... REX ANGL 2J FRANC. ....-..d ~_ r...... 1 V1lL\C\USIB(a.t.io ... 001). Seoby 11)6. F_IO v...,Rno. These include issues from throughout the Greek world, as well as Roman Order as CE Speda193-41 $90.00 bronze from Augustus through 1993 Edition "Red Book" for English Coins: Seaby Coins or England and the Oecentius, about 80 lots total. An United Kingdom. Orrkras E120, $26.00 assortment of Islamic gold coins is also SPECIAL: Book and Coin Order as CE Special 9J-411Book $110.00 featured in the bargain section. Other sections of Ust 563 offer IN OUR 18TIi YEAR European gold and German bracteates. Historical Coins our Speclallt,- Compllmenlar1 U!it "lth all ordtn.. For a copy of M & M's current list, write Satlsractlon Guaranteed. 7 DI1 Return ror an)' reason. No (harte rOf" postage. ChecWMClVlsa. Credit Cards send all raised Informal1ot"l. PA Indude saJl'5lllX. to Munzen und Medaillen AG, Postfach 3647, CH·4002 Basel, Switzerland.

CLASSICAL NUMISMATIC GROUP, INC P.O. Box 245· Quarryville, PA 17566 Say you saw it in (717) 786-4013· Fax (717) 786-7954 'The Ce{ator

46 The Celator Letters THE SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY Continued from page 4 Founded in 1879 escalators and just kept going down At the forefront of scientific and historical research fOf over one hundred years. the and down until you really began thinking SWiss Numismatic Society hos established a world-wide reputatbn by its work with leading scholars, collectors and dealers diffused through Its well known Revue and you were never going to be able to get Gazette journals with articles In four languages. together with numerous monographs off. Seeing Harlan Berk's merry crew and special publications in such series as Typos and the Catalogues of Swiss Coins. directly in front of you when you finally The Society Itself owes Its Inception in 1879 to the pioneering spirit of Dr. Charles hit bottom was a real relief (by that time Fran~oIs Trachsel. its founder and first president. but the SWiss num[smotlc tradition I was expecting little red guys with horns, goes back to the earliest days of coin collecting in the late 15th century when tails and tridenls-of course, looking at connoisseurs like the Amerbach family of Basel. inspired by Renaissance humanists such as Erasmusof Rotterdam then residing in the city. established important cabinets. Erik Gold you might think that some The Society continued from the old century under the guidance of Eugene Demole were actually there). and Paul stroehlin. while the new was presided over by eminent schokns such as And Arnie was definitely too hard on Dietrich Schwarz and Colin Martin. all the recovering drug addicts. Think The Swiss Numismatic Society remains today at the service of the International about it. After a hard day looking at coin num~tlc community, dedicated os It Is to the furtherance at the knowledge of dealers, like, as it might be, Dennis those small but Invaluable witnesses of art and hl~tory, the coins of , Rome, Byzantium, the Orient, the middle ages. the modern period and Switzerland itself. Kroh, getting out and riding the escala­ By joining thfs leading society you will be able to participate directly In numismatic tor up into a gaggle of ladies going to research and moreover be eligible to receive the annual Revue and the quarterly their gala dinner, all wearing their old Gazette. as well as members' dlscounfs on most special publications. outfits (viz., knee length boots, fishnet Applications for membership in the Society are welcome from all with on Interest in stockings. nearly-not-there-skirts, se­ ancient and modern numismatics. quined blouses, .. tc.)' was quite The membership fee is Sfr 100 per year (Sfr 50 fOf members under 25) and Sfr 2000 fOf something. And all those characters life membership. or a sponsoring membership from Sfr 250 per year. Make checks payable to Swiss Numismatic Society, Credit Swiss Bonk- Berne, Switzerland, o/c 0094. with humongous muscles, tattoos and 100849-41 . big smiles... It was as if we were all in some particularly bizarre movie. And I SWISS NUMISMATIC SOCIETY would bet that dealers and collectors were so shocked by their surroundings c/o Ilalo Vecchi that they didn't make the kind of stupid Niederdorfslrasse 43. CH-8001 Zurich mistakes which invite theft. I would say that despite the really chilling looks of some of the people who were attending the other convention (and some looked like they could break into telephone Are you interested in boxes with their teeth), we were all a lot safer than in places which were seem­ CHOICE WORLD COINS? ingly far more secure. 01 course, the You should be receiving our publications rumours of Arnie organizing a show in the 42nd St. INO station concourse in MORE THAN THREE NYC are probably untrue. MAIL BID CATALOGUES ANNUALLY Finally, I think it's worthwhile to point out how nice it is that your Turkoman book is so fairly priced. Coin books are Featuring RARE and CHOICE gold and silver coins of seldom really cheap. but it is very wel­ come to see how many publishers and the world as well as ancient coinage and world paper authors are attempting to make life money. A sample catalogue is $15.00 postpaid. easier for collectors, scholars and li­ braries through rational pricing. The Includes Prices Realized RPC and the new 8M Sylloge are cases in point: the value one gets for the money is terrific (even the new, An annual subscription is also available. The cost is $45 nearly out of print price for the APe is within the U.S. and $60 outside the U.S. worth it: it will NOT be reprinted and if you don't get it now that's it). When you compare these books with some of the Ponterio & Associates, Inc. incredibly expensive and basically use­ 1818 Robinson Ave. less things which are now being produced in Italy, the Glaux series and r:::" "."''',:?:\ San Diego. CA 92103 the new Milan Sylloges, the difference i- ~~,\loM~,l~ 1-800-854-2888 or 619-299-0400 is astounding. Congratulations are again ~ 0) Licensed Auction Company #968 in order. LM. #2163 Alan Walker P.N.G . • 301l Richard H. Ponterio - President Switzerland

May 1993 47 Professional Directory C Antiquities) C ~_ Antiinlm~nl • (212) 724.9455 4 ~ ANCIENT WORLD ARTS, LID. ~ Important ancient Greek silver coin auction later this year! 290 Fillmore, Denver, CO 80210 I 50 West 76th St . . New York 10023 I Tel.: 303-321-7351 (Phone/Fax) ]A ,~ ...... -.r. ~ ~ 'II _ -. + '1- __ ~ -:t.

Sacfigfi (jallery 25 years selVing you ... Say you saw it in • ANCIENT COINS Ylncient Ylrt • MEDIEVAL COINS rrhe Ce{ator MEHRDAD • ANCIENT ART & SADIGH ANTIQUITIES EVENINGS Write for Free Illustrated (410)878·71400( Six buy or bid sales per year Catalogues of the Following: (410) 235-1696 Call or write Jor free catalog ·Ancient Coins LXII • Medieval Coins XXVIII 303 5th Ave., Room #1603 • Ancient Art and Antiquities XXI New York, NY 10016 Ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Etc. ALEX G. MALLOY INC. Artifacts, Bronzes, Statuettes, Pottery. Amulets. Send fO( 'ree list 800-426-2007 P.O. Box 38 Member. Antiquities DeallMS Assoc. South Salem P.O. Box 25 212-725-7537 New York 10590 Westminster, MD 21158

JF.l{V M{{;J'E/J{'T SHANS Premier 'I'l('E!i'I.S'll'R:ES Antiquities fil The Time @ Machine Co. EXPORT OF ANCIENT ARTIFACTS & COINS Fine Archaeological FROM ISRAEL Art and Coins Ucensed by 1h6ISfilaii Antiquities Dflparlment PHOENICIA P.O. Box 282 - Flushing Sta. USA Address: P.O. Box 341 Queens, NY 11367 Holyland Antiquities Kew Gardens, NY 1 14 1 5~0341 (718) 544-2708 p.o. Bo)( 692, Gracie Station New York, NY 10028 (212) 517·8847 Tel/Fax: 718-846-0833

48 The Celator Professional Directory ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books ) c Coins & ,Books )

ANCIENT COINS ARCHEOLOGICAL ~~~ G.~~~:~an ARTIFACTS P.O. Box 605, Fairfield, CT 06430 Ph: (203) 374-3032 or 254-7177 Greek, Roman, Byzantine Auctions .. "". free catalog, Ancient & World Coins Buy and sell high grade coins, write or call: entire collections, lots. PONTERIO DEALERS ARE KINDLY 4125 W. Mineral King , REQUESTED TO ASK FOR Suite 316 & ASSOCIATES, INC. OUR SPECIAL OFFERS. Visalia, CA 93277 (209) 636-0945 1818 Robinson Ave. Athena GmbH San Diego, CA 92103 Ottostr.5 David S. Michaela D-8CXlO Miinchen 2, Germany I Numismatist Tel: (004989) 591147 • Fax: 598220 (619) 299-0400 (800) 854-2888

Brian Kritt PNG #308 FRANKL. Dealer in Ancient & Medieval Coins ANA-LM KOVACS Specializing in Ancient Ancient Coins Greek, Roman & Judaic Coins & Antiquities For Serious Collectors ~. <;~1 '"'' cient Coins Quality Coins with an Animal Motif Shows & Want Lists P.O. Box 25300 (no catalogues or lists published) P.O. Box 558 San Mateo, CA 94402 Burtonsville, MD 20866 John & Janel Twenle (415) 574-2028 105 Lefevre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 (301) 236-0256 ·882·2663 FAX (415) 574-1995

Specialist in Ancient Coins also s/(}Ck World Minor Coins, Medals, 2lintpirr @ninz Pegasi Coins Crowns, Anifacts, Books and Coin cases Ancient Coin Specialists P.o. Box 4207 Our invenlory is among ~ finest in America Ann Arbor, MI48106 • Buyin~ • Selling · Want Lists· Boob Phone: (313) 995-5743 • Appr81!>wJ yetlrs _ haw: compldtd ji"" urs of1M 12 ClU'sars in gold. Empire Coins, Inc. =c Free illustrated catalogs GEORGE M. BEACH P.O. Box 2634 lUI Specify: Ancient or Medieval Numiscellaneous Ormond l3cach, FL 32175-2634 USA Phone (904)677·7314 A Uf.M""looo Wantlisls serviced. Consultations available. P.O. Box 113, Owosso, MI48867 Office hours 9-5, M-F V"," Appraisals and estate evaluations porlormed. (517) 634-5415 fu(9001) 6n·7314 ~ Active buyer of all material.

May 1993 49 -

Professional Directory

( Coins &.Books E'.oms".,· · C· &B· oo ks ) ( Coins & Books )

Algo! NumLsfIJ(Jrics is c.. rr ~1IfIy off~ rillg rhe Lucien Birkler finest ancient Gruk, /Wmall and By<.anti"e IIwmismalic art ill 1M nulrkerpw.u today. & Co. Bil/ou yOil buy. think qUCllity and Tl!member Professional Numismatists .... Quality is our husiMSS NUMISMATIK AlGAl Write for our NVN\I/MATI

Jonathan K. Kern Co. S. GILLIS Greek, Roman, Byzantine Bachelor of Arts ANCIENT COINS & ANTIQUITIES & Medieval Coins Numismatics BRONZE AGE, CELTIC, ROMAN for the Connoisseur Ancient, Medieval, Early SAXON, VIKING & MEDIEVAL American Numismatics Illustrated catalogue Occasional Catalogues Please write or telephone VIKEN M. HAVANDJIAN for your free copy P.O. BOX 50417 20 HOWARD ST, DARflELD,BARNSLEY S. YORKSHIRF, S73 9lD, ENGLAND AUSTIN. TX 78763 Tel:0226750371 (512) 250·1931

Free Ust of inexpensive ORACLE 441 S. Ashland ANCIENT COINS Lexington, KY 40502 MICHAEL & SANDRA WOLF ANCIENT COINS (606) 269-1614 P.O. Box 233, Dewey, AZ. 86327 Attradive Ancient Grftk (602) n2·7144 . Table 316 at Long Beach And Roman Coins For Tbe Collector Affordable Prices· Free Lists Islamic, Indian, Baktrian For the finest of ConservaliveGrading and Central Asian Coinages numismatic art, P.O. Box 205152, Sunset Sta. write for a Brooklyn, NY 11220-0023 complimentary copy of our fixed price catalogue. Greek. Roman, Byzantine Coins OR. Pa\7[ RyneaRSOn and Classical Antiquities Send/or sample catalog Write for sample illustrated list EDWARD J . WADDELL, Ltd. Persic Gallery P.O. Box 4009 444 N. Frederidc Av.... Suit.. 316. Dept. 0 Omar Hamidi. P.O. Box 10317 Malibu ~ailtlersbUrg, MO 20877 Torrance, CA 90505 • California 90265 (301)990-7446 (310)326-8866 • ~ ~

50 The Celator Professional Directory ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books c Coins & Books

Visiting: N U1\USMATlCA ARS CLASSICA SOUTHLAND San Francisco? NUMISMATICS, LTD. The Silicon Valley? ANCIENT COINS AND MEDALS Stanford University? GREEK GREEK ROMAN TREASURE ROMAN Visit. .. ISLAND BYZANTINE MEDIAEVAL JUDAEAN We carry a large inventory RENAISSANCE of Ancients as well as the largest AUCTIONS _ LISTS BIBLICAL CITY COINS Philatelic stock in the Bay Area. VALUATIONS 8. HOLYLAND ANTIQUITIES Lists Available Our complimentary illustrated TREASURE ISLAND catalogue is yours upon request. 3703 EI Camino Real N UJl.lISMATICA ARS CLASSICA BOX' Palo Alto, CA 94306 Ni«I

FORUM RARE AMPHORA ANCIENT COINS Jewish • Biblical Specializjng in the Greek · Roman COINS Coinage ofJudaea Coins • Weights • Greek * Ancient Antiquities· Jewelry • Roman * Medieval Free illustrated list • Byzantine available upon request Modern FREE list upon request * "We wrote the book on Biblical coins!" Forum Ancient Coins William M. Rosenblum P.O. Box 355 - CE 765 N. Nellis, MR 1402 AMPIIOP.Afj)-~"'\ Evergreen CO 80439 ~ . P.O. Box 805 ~.tJ Las Vegas, NY 89110 :f.J Nymk. NY 10960 ~. /f!f1}I (702) 453·5728 Phone/fax: (303) 838-4831 fJ- 914..J56-7364 "

" '1',1,"""""""",,,,,,.,,,.,-.~"=" ~-~"" ISLAMIC & INDIAN COINS From the earliest times s·c to the present day QUALITY ROMAN COINS Price lists issued regularly, S·C COINS available upon request PO BOX 992, STEPHEN ALBUM ALEXANDRIA, MN 56308 P.O . BOX 7386 SANTA ROSA, CA. 9;407 U.S.A. Catalogue Upon Request phone: 707-526-3421 fax, 707·526·3266

May 1993 51 Professional Directory

( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books )

FINE NUMISMATIC BOOKS Fred B. Shore Bought and Sold

ClassicalNumismaJics Numismatic Arts Ancient Greek. Roman aruJ of Santa Fe Parthian coins a/the hi8htst p.o. Box 9712, Santa Fe, NM 87604 quality bought aM sold Phone or FAX· 505-982-8792 We are always keenly Interested in buying PO Box 36 important Antiquarian and Out·OI·Pri nt Fort Washington PA 19034 Numismatic Books and Ubraries in a ll 2151275 -3430 languages. Ancients Catalog $5

ANCIENT COINS Christian Blorn ANCIENT COINS AND ANTIQUITIES Greek, Roman, Byzantine. Greek, Roman and Price Lists Harlan J. Berk, Ltd. World Coins Six buy or bid sales per year Buy-Bid Sales Write or caff for free catalogue write for free price Jist free on Request 312-609-0016 SOUTHEAST - ....:;: 312-609-0017 + P.O. Box 7618 - ' ...... 31 N. Clark St. Arlington, VA 22207 NUMISMATIC SERVICE ~ 703-276-2392 Chicago, IL 60602 P.o . Box 50607. Dept. C noon to midnight Jacksonville Beach, FL 32240

DMITRY MARKOV .Ancient Ancient and • • Medieval Medieval Coins • Islamic (Greek, Roman, Indian, G * Russian fs/amic, Chinese, Early EUlopean, Etc.) CLASSIC GREEK, ROMAN AND Write for illustrated catalogues BRITISH COINS P.O. Box 2273 • Professional service with a pen;onal flavor p.o. Box 950 Ph: (2 12) 385·8661 Albany, NY 12220 • Thoughtful and detailed c.t.aJogs-high New York, NY 10272 Fax; (212) 349-1 743 quality phoIogn.phs and printing • "m •• """-,, ~S

The Jewish War Cold Spring, MN 56320 Silver "YearOne" (612) 685-3835 • prototype shekel realized $242,000

ancient & rare coins • World's Largest Coin Auctionet!rs p.o. ho'\ 3M7. " ~l'. n.:,_ 105HO • Ancient Coin Colle<:to r Program ·Quarterly Price Lists ~.:t villI! .kakr", •.-"lke'lnl~. in\ l'~I"r' · Prompt Want List Senic:e ,,.- ",-,-. ,,,,,. It",. "i,,_,

52 Too Gelaror Professional Directory

( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books ) ( iii},. Coins & Books )

FRANK Ancient Greek & Roman Coins Glenn Schinke and books about them Numismatist STERNBERG AG Fru sample catalogs Schanzengasse 10, CH·8001 Thomas P. McKen na P.o. Box 1356·E Ancients Zurich, Switzerland Ft. Collins, co 80522 (303) 226-5704 Medieval tel. 01/252.30.88 fax. 01/252.40.67 Foreign ILLUSTRATED P.O. Box 3371-CH Rosemead, CA 91770 PRICELISTS (818) 446-6775 Bought and Sold Greek COINS AND MEDALS Roman Ancient, Medieval and Modem Classical NUMISMATIC LITERA TORE Byzantine · GEMS, CAPo-mos, JEWELRY , . Roman Request yours today! ". " Coins Ancient to Modem e• > AUCTION SALES Wayne C. PWllips MICHAEL R. RUBIN 8-A Village Loop Box 70642, Marietta, GA 30007 Suite 125 (404) 977-4573 Edgar L. Owen Phillips Ranch, CA 91766 (909) 629-0757 Want Usts Fully Serviced Ancient Coins "I Will Find Your Coin" & Antiquities Serving the col/ector since 1959

~nnihrn

ECONOMOPOULOS Our unique PARS COINS mail bid auctions ENTERPRISES allow you to CLASS/CAL PAY THE NUM/SMA TICS PRICEVOU WANT TO PAY Greek

owr folly il/USfrar~d mail bid auctions Roman con/airl over 500 loIS o/arlCiMt Byzantine coins, antiquiti,s and ontiqwts ill all pri<:t rang' s. For fru calalog con/act: Bought & Sold Ancient Coins of Colosseum Akemenld-Parlhlan-Sasanlan Nicholas T. Coin Exchange, Inc. Persis-Elymais-Charex and ... Economopoulos p.o. Box 21CL Buy-Sel'-Trade-Appraise P.O. Box 199 Hazlet, NJ On30 P.O. Box 9663, San Jose, CA 95157 Holicong, PA 18928 (908) 264·1161 TeI.408-2444995 Fllx.408-2444996 (215) 491-0650

May 1993 53 Professional Directory

( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books )

KIRK DAVIS Write for your Albert Leibs Greek Roman M edieval complimentary copy of our: Books about the ancient and write for free catalogue ·Quarterly iIIustrattd oneiem cotolog POST OFFICE BOX 324 • Book List & Accessory Catalog medieval worlds, archaeology CLAREMONT, CA 9 171 1 USA ·Ancient Ba rgain Price List Drawer 460, Oriskany, NY 13424 • Frequent Mail Bid Sales ·Orall o/the above The Professional The advertisers on M & R Coins these pages support Directory Is your 'h-7226 College Drive, Suite L50 Pal os Heights, IL 60463 your journal. Support window to the _ (708) 430- 1445 world of ancient them, and remember to say you saw it in and medieval Professional Directory numismatics! advertising gets results! %e Ce£ator

. . . • . C NumIsmatIc ServIces ) C EqUIp. & SupplIes ) CShows & Conventions) Quality Numismatic PHOTOGRAPH GREATER COINS & BILLS NEW YORK Photography -Instant Polaroid Prints NUMISMATIC - Color or Black & White - Same Size Of Enlarged CONVENTION MAY 6, 7, & 8,1993 OMNI PARK CENTRAL HOTEL 7th Ave. & 56th St., New YM City H..... ~-..iIh.". Calf or Send for AMERICAN ISRAEL NUMISMATIC Free Brochure ASSOCIATION CONVENTION P.O. Box 2937 CONVENTION FEATURES: Redwood City, CA 94064 " AUCTIONS BY STACK'S" CHARLES KIRTLEr " .~ Arcade' , "'..,.. t/E.on ...... HaJI, """'lingo, Wayne Moore ' orum •••""_, ru.mlomati<: _.1... """ """,,"0. o 100+ Numismatic: ""'...... In II! ""1egOI\M. P.O. Box 19353 Moe Weinschel Portland, OR 97280 P.O. Box2n ImJARIES PHOTOGRAPHIC Rockaway Park, NY 11694-02n (503) 452-8350 J (415) 854-7662 (718) 634-9266

GAIN MARKET KNOWLEDGE INTRODUCING Glasrubber Th6 fioost tool6vtK invented for clNnIng We provide clients a prillled report of ancient bronze eoins end attifacts BOSTON.•. Prices Realized/of any Roman Impuial Ancient and Foreign Coin coin. Our ootabase co~rs J JS major .--­ Mecca of The Northeast! sales held worldwide since 19n, and is .-..­ continually updattd. Use our Service ...... ­...... BAY STATE COIN SHOW ~fort bidding in a sole, Our reports ..... October 29, 30, & 31,1993 can htlp identify coins thai are under­

(J .­.-.-- or overvalued when compared to so.le .­ " 57" PARK PLAZA HOTEL cOlalog's lot estimate. Queries are $15 .-- Room l'Htn'lllioIUl: 617-482·1800 (U.S.) eoch, or equivalent in foreign w-­".,.. oIfwIn(; 1M unique 'G~IIItIbbIr'" __ _ ..... ro doN.,.. Flu.. conr.cl '" lot aver 26 'ftars. .. _nlify pUfchuu. C<>Iooc;hn """ pcae/l... MNew England's Largtsr Coin ShOW!!! M OIdillidultr "G"~ pen* II-om .vtfIOIb..-J Bourst spact $195 and up, rIN~< '" dnc~r m:.m I/O' lot n ils phA S I shlpp/ll(l. NY reUHnI. ••dd ..~. ru. Chairman: Ed Aleo ~B:~~:~I~;;T~;:; ~:' N10 ___ refills- $9.95_ + .$_1 s....hipping __ _ Box 400, Winchester, MA 01890 FAX (303)-688·8236 ~ PHOENICIA Holyltllld Anriqlliti" 617-729-9677 p.o. Bo. &92, Gr.ae Station, New Yonr, NY 10028

54 The Celator Paid Advertisement THE BACK PAGE

Is your boss interested in the Civil War? Then how about Dear Celator Reader: a selection 01 Civil War bank noles which you can frame up Well the worst 01 what was an atrocious winter is for his office as a present? 00 you have a teenage son behind us, and now I am getting ready for my Spring show who is a "sports nut"? Well, his birthday is coming up and schedule and Ihe upcoming NAB in San Francisco. This we have autographed glossies of just about anyone you should be a good event, as we will have the usual dealer can think of. By the way, it is ok to buy any of the above support, some of whom will be showing auction lots for for yourselves. major upcoming sales in June. The idea of having these Since we sell such as the above, we also need to buy auction previews lied in with NAB seems to work quite well similar items. I have already done several deals with other as collectors can both shop for "the now· and plan for "the ancient coin dealers who ~don't deal in that stuff", but they future". found us a willing buyer and got some serious money by I am also getting our business in NYC, Thomas & Co., being smart enough not to turn down a "deal- in material up-la-speed, as with the Spring, we anticipate seeing a lot which they themsetves had no interest in. Since The Celator of collectors who will be "back-in-business· under the new is read world-wide by both dealers and collectors, I ask administration. To this end, Thomas & Co., under the that you remember when being offered an estate, hearing direction of Tom Tesoriero, will have its own table at the of a collection coming up for sale, knowing someone who NY Spring Int'l. in June for the express purpose of famil­ inherited an interesting collection, that we are willing to iarizing "newer" r.ollectors to the vast inventory that we spend serious money for items which we need. We will carry in foreign, medieval, crowns, GB, etc. Besides the buy entire collections if there is enough "wheat" amidst the coins, paper-money, tokens, and medals that we carry in "chaW. Tom, or Erik, or I will travel wherever is needed to orderlo be a "full-coverage" collector gallery, we also deal view and offer on such items. Just keep us in mind!!! (which means both buy and sell), in stamps and autographs. We are all getting older, as are our parents, relatives, I am sure that many of you who regularly read The etc. Just be aware of what they might have collected or Celator and are on the mailing tists of companies (who for "saved" over the years. It is heart-breaking to hear the years one would think of as "ancient" dealers) have noticed stories that we hear from widows who threw away their that some of these companies now offer collectibles other husbands "old stamps and postcards" or~cigarette cards·, than coins, such as stamps, antiquities, autographs, etc. as they had no idea of their possible value, or that people The fact-ol-the-matter is that when you have a "gallery", would even buy them. Spread the word amongst your i.e. a retail location andyou are in the midstol a major city, family members, don't throw anything away unless you you cannot afford not to do these other areas, if you have have a real good idea of what it is and whati! is worth. We expertise and experience, as material is routinely offered might even be tempted to buy it. to you from "walk-ins", or as we say "over-the-counter". Of course, if your Uncie Fred happens to be thinking of Now, having staff that understand these areas, and throwing away those old sestertii laying around in his also having been a collector all my life 01 just about drawer for the past 40 years, we certainly would be happy anything that was detachable, I find that the economics to to take them off his hands (and for a real good price). today's market demand that we be able to buy and sell other than just ancient coins. Having said that, please FOR THE MONTH OF MAY remember that I am directly involved in 2 distinct and major companies. RCCA, who many of you know from my 17 ERIK & I WILL BE IN NY & NJ years of advertising and doing all the major coin shows, Show Schedule: will continue to deal in and offer many 01 the finest ancient coins in the U.S. Thomas & Co. will begin to do the major San FrancIsco, CA, May 14-15, NAB, Holiday Inn-Golden Gateway. Fri & Sat 10·7. Please see ad for further details. "internationals" and be a retail gallery. Besides our large gallery in NYC, I havea major office suite in NJwhich is the Chkago, May 20-23, Central States Coin Show, at the headquarters of RCCA, plus an antiquity gallery in Patm Rosemont Expo Center (out by O'Hare Airport). Thurs-Sun Desert, CA, which is open at my convenience and 01 show. 10-7 each day, 10-4 on Sun. Major show with many course, by appointment only. major dealers in attendance. What this is all leading up to, as most 01 my Back Pages Long Beach Expo, June 3-6, usual Thurs-Fri show at the have some inherent reason for being written, is that I know Expo Cente·r. that many of you who are at the moment reading this, have other collecting interests other than ancient coins. Thus, if you are a collector of foreign or U.S. stamps, foreign or U.S. paper money, tokens or medals, or autograph material of any type from "classical" material of the 17th or 18th C. Rare Coins & Classical Arts Ltd. to modern sports stars or entertainers, please remember ·Specialists in Museum Quality Coins~ that we are in a position to offer you this type 01 material at Member: ANA, ANS, SAN, AINA, INS, Ex-Fellow RNS a very competitive price. Even if you yourselves are not, I have found a lot 01 P.O. Box 374 P.O_Box699 people buy this type 01 material lor reasons other than they South Orange, NJ 07079 Palm Desert, CA 92261 collect it. Is your child a "Star Trek" fan? Then how about Phone: (201) 761-0634 Phone: (619) 345--7161 an autographed S" x 10" of "Captain Kirk" or "Mr. Spock"? FAX: (201) 761-8406

May 1993 55 INDEX OF DISPLAY ADVERTISERS Celator Classifieds Alga; l'IumiomaUoo ...... 50 Album, Stophon ,...... 51 Rates: $5.00 for the first 20 words, 20¢: each additional word. ""'pt>ora .._ ,...... 41, 51 AoQ."t /I Rare Co;nl ...... 15, 52 ~t WO<\d Arlo, lid...... , ...... , ... 4lI Ard1 o<>Ologi. GoIle. G ..... g. M ...... 49 Country Way, Sci tuate, MA 02066. Box 563, Rockland, ME 04841 or call Berk, HII1IJ'1 J . LId ...... CO_, 52 BermIJ'l . _ G ...... 49 (207) 594-4526. Boltinj/ef. '-lore T...... 52 BitkJo<, Luden II Co ...... 50 BULK LOTS Ancient Roman bronze Cms~o n . . Spring list of bar gain ancient and me­ !140m...... 52 coins. Buy direct from the source of Bonhams...... 27 dieval coins (Fine-EF). Send SASE for C_llind, Tom ...... 36 supply, just imported, have not been Cela!Ot. The ...... 39 list. Klug, Box 28002#16, Denver, CO ChrislHl"a ...... 3 picked over. Average condition fai r, CI~ N""'lom a~c Group ...... eov.r. 12. 46 80228. Clio'. Co_ ...... 40 good, VG & fine. Sold "AS IS", no C'-IV Numi.molict. L.R. Lantz ...... 37 Coin New ...... 23 returns. 100 for $63, 200 for $115, 500 GREEK ISLAND BRONZES Co+css.eYm CcWn Exc:f>onge ...... 53 OOvil, Kill< ...... 54 for $260, & 1,000 for $470. Francis WANTED: Icus, Sciathus, Corcyra OOvi SIOOl>O. Ud ...... 52 Rath, P.O. Box 266, Youngstown, NY EconomopouIoa EnlerpOSM ...... 53 Nigra, Cythera, C imolos, Gyaros, Empl'a COni I"" ...... 49 14174. Sicinos, Tenedos, PordosiJene, learia, Fon.om AncieJ>1 Coins ...... 5 1 Gil i. , 5 ...... 50 Megiste, Symi, Telos. Top prices paid. GoilJ'l , RGbeII T ...... 52 G,uter Ne w YoM< Num"","tic Cotwenlion ...... 54 WANTED: Apulia, Canusium AE21, Please write: James H. Joy, P.O. Box Hormer Rooice Gall...... 11 Male head left. Rev. Horseman right, HovoncljilJ'l , Vi~en '-I ...... 50 7112, Arlington, VA 22207. Hlio. Old WOfId Mliquj~e • ...... 48 legend below. Sear 582, BMC 1.4. Hi..a.. Gelhard Nac:f>loige, ...... 17 Hu. too. Stephen '-I ...... 33. 53 Write to Todd Kirkby, 17878 Preston F ROM PRIVATE COL LECTOR, IAPN ...... ,...... 44 Roman electrum coin (Nero), unique Katic:f'l,Joo' ...... 5 1 Road, Box 113, Dallas, TX 75252. K.,.n Co .. Jonathan K ...... 50 VP; Severns Alexander silver denarius Koi ~ . G.o

56 The Ceiator Numismatic

INTI!:RNATIQNAL, INC

Proudly Announces AUCTION XXXII

AN OFFERING OF ANCIENT GREEK, ROMAN AND JUDAEAN COINS

At the New York International Spring ConvC1Ition Site Sheraton New York Hotel & Towers. 811 Sevemh AVC1Iue, New York, NY

Thursday,June 10,1993

IOIOOS&.ltaMactkolBI>

1.00 ~Ia,"" ".CA 90067 TdtpboK: (HO) 17&- 1S)'

0 1'ksK ...... my ... ..roo. XXXII catal"l"" M US.OO mm. 1 lodlOdl", prica. rullu:01. I 0 ....,...... Idt..., ... Itio u unllAloulNcrlpllM 10 all .... rA pwh.i"""1ou M 540.00. 1 I MetIIod :p. _ _ _ I SiilJWu.rI:, ______1"------Numismatic Fine Arts 1 ...... '------INTE R NATIONAL. I NC 1 10100 Santa Monica Blvd., Sixth Floor. Los Angeles, CA 90067 I T.kpl>oH, ( TEL: (310) 278- 1535 FAX (310) 785- 0457• Gdator--Y'il} MACEDONIAN GOLD

PHILIP II GOLD STATERS

Pella Peila Pella Amphipolis LeRider·518 LeRider·534 LeRider-460 LeRider-222 8.62g 8.63g 8 .63g 8.61 9 $5000 $5000 55000 $5500

ALEXANDER III GOLD STATERS

Lampsacus Aradus Bee & Spear Point Memphis Egypt Price-1357 Price-3315 Unpublished Price-3961 a 8.58g 8.59g 8.61 9 8.59g $2900 $3000 $4000 54500

HARLAN 1. BERK, LTD. 31 N. Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60602 ._'" "11m,,,,, (312) 609-0017 FAX : (312) 609-1309 , L:,\ ~~,I,Si~ .R~;!~1

:-"./ & #178