Index Hominum

Home , Censorinus (usurper), Claudius Maximus

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Index hominum

(Entries marked with an asterisk are debated identiﬁcations)

2 2 Aburnius Caedicianus, Q. (PIR A21), 142 Annaeus Lucanus, M. (PIR A611), 156 2 2 Acilius Attianus, P. (PIR A45), 31 Annaeus Placidus, T. (PIR A614), 97, 199 2 2 Acilius Aviola (PIR A48), 224 Annaeus Seneca, L. (PIR A617), 53, 57, 58, 59, Acilius Glabrio Cn. Cornelius Severus, M’. 63, 79, 80, 81, 87, 88, 158, 163, 164, 165, 171, 2 (PIR A73), 221 172, 173, 177, 180 2 Acilius Priscus A. Egrilius Plarianus, M. Annia Regilla (PIR A720), 43 2 2 (*PIR E48), 119, 224 Annius Arminius Donatus, C. (PIR 2 Acilius Severus (PIR A80), 224 A634), 217 2 2 Acilius Vibius Faustinus, M’.(PIR A86), 221 Annius Camars (PIR A638), 219 2 2 Aedius Celer, M. (PIR C626), 224 Annius Italicus Honoratus, L. (PIR A659), 144 2 2 Aelius Antipater (PIR A137), 217 Annius Largus, L. (PIR A662), 110 2 2 Aelius Coeranus Iun(ior), P. (PIR A162), 115 Annius Largus, L. (PIR A664), 221 2 2 Aemilius Arcanus, L. (PIR A333), 218 Annius Longus, L. (PIR A669), 219 2 Aemilius Carus, L. (PIR online, CIL III 1153), Annius Ravus, L. (PIR A684), 60, 221 142, 145 Anteius Orestes, P. (PIR online, RE Suppl. 2 Aemilius Carus, L. (PIR A338), 136, 137 14 [1974] 50 s.v. Antius 11a), 128 2 Aemilius Flaccus, M. (PIR A343), 118 Antistius Adventus Postumius Aquilinus, Q. 2 2 Aemilius Frontinus, L. (PIR A345), 32 (PIR A754), 220 2 2 Aemilius Frontinus, L. (PIR A345/A346/A348), 124 Antistius Vetus, L. (PIR A776), 118 2 2 Aemilius Honoratus, L. (PIR A350), 220 Antius Aulus Iulius Quadratus, C. (PIR I507), 32 2 2 Aemilius Iuncus, L. (PIR A355), 132 Antonia Picentina (PIR A895), 114 2 2 Aemilius Macer Saturninus, M. (PIR A382), 139 Antonia Postuma (PIR A893), 203 2 2 Agrius Saturninus (PIR A466), 127 Antonius Antius Lupus, M. (PIR A812), 199, 200 Aiacius Censorinus Celsinus Arabianus, Q. Antonius Balbus (AE 1998, 279), 109 2 (PIR online, AE 1968, 518, 522, 523), 210 Antonius Flamma (PIR A831), 32 2 Aiacius Modestus Aurelianus Priscus Agricola Antonius Fronto Salvianus (PIR A832), 224 2 Salvianus, L. (PIR online, AE 1968, 518, 522, Antonius Saturninus, L. (PIR A874), 215 2 523), 210 Antonius Zeno, M. (PIR A883), 216 2 AiaciusModestusCrescentianus,Q.(PIR A470),210 Appia Annia Regilla Atilia Caucidia Tertulla 2 2 Alfenus Avitianus, L. (PIR A519), 66 (PIR A720), 196 2 Alﬁus Maximus Numerius Avitus, P. Appuleius, Sex. (PIR A961), 72, 134 2 2 (PIR N202), 31, 114, 222 Apronius Caesianus, L. (PIR A972), 68, 117 2 Alﬁus Maximus Numerius Licinianus, P. Apronius, L. (PIR A970/971), 68 2 2 (PIR A535), 218 Aquilius Regulus, M. (PIR A1005), 165, 174 2 2 Allius Fuscianus, C. (PIR A544), 115 Arrecinus Clemens, M. (PIR A1072), 100 2 2 Allius Fuscus, C. (PIR A545), 115 Arria (PIR A1113), 173 2 Allius Volusianus, L. (PIR online, AE 1972), 224 Arrius Antoninus, C. (PIR A1087/A1088), 124 2 2 Anicius Faustus, Q. (PIR A595), 130, 206 Arruntius Claudianus, M. (PIR C753), 215 2 Aninius Sextius Florentinus, L. Arruntius Scribonianus, L. (PIR A1147), 159 2 (CIL III 87 = 14148, 10), 184 Arruntius Stella, L. (PIR A1151), 96, 158 253

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254 Index hominum

2 Asinius Gallus, C. (PIR A1229), 51, 173 Calpurnius Proculus Cornelianus, P. 2 2 Asinius Rufinus Fabianus, Sex. (PIR A1247), 224 (PIR C305), 142 2 Asinius Rufinus Valerius Verus Sabinianus, M. Calpurnius Proculus, L. (PIR C303), 33, 36 2 (PIR online, RE Suppl. 14 [1974] 62f. s.v. Calpurnius Rufus, M. (*PIR C313), 39 2 2 Asinius 32a + nota PIR vol. VII. 1 p. 97), 220 Calpurnius Rufus, M. (PIR VII.1,pp.117–118), 215 2 Asinius Triarius Rufinus A. Sabinianus, M. Calpurnius Scipio Orfitus, Ser. (PIR C317), 127 2 2 (PIR A1251), 103 Calvisius Ruso Iulius Frontinus, P. (*PIR C350), Asinnius Nicomachus, C. (PIR online, 133, 222 2 AE 1993, 1506), 217 Calvisius Ruso, P. (*PIR C350), 37, 133 2 2 Attius Macro, L. (PIR A1360), 144 Calvisius Tullus Ruso, P. (PIR C357), 222 2 Attius Ulpius Apuleius Clementinus Rufus, P. Caninius Gallus, L. (PIR C390), 48, 52, 161 2 2 (AE 1977, 22, with PIR vol. VII, p. 97), 102 Caristanius Fronto, C. (PIR C423), 215 2 Aufidius Fronto, M. (PIR A1385), 114 Carminius Flavius Athenagoras Claudianus, T. 2 Aufidius Victorinus Mulvius Marcellinus Rhesius (PIR C429), 216 Numisius Rufus Arrius Paulinus Iustus Cassia Cornelia Prisca (AE 1971, 79), 114 2 2 Cocceius Gallus, C. (PIR A1393), 136, 220 Cassius Clemens (PIR C489), 146 2 Aurelius (not in PIR, EOS Halfmann 682), 217 Cassius Hortensius Paulinus, M. (PIR H211), 97 2 Aurelius Athenaeus (PIR online, I.Ephesos 971), 217 Cassius Pius Marcellinus, L. (PIR C516), 146 2 Aurelius Attinas, M. (PIR A1462), 217 Catilius Severus Iulianus Claudius Reginus, L. 2 2 Aurelius Cominius Cassianus, M. (PIR C1265), (PIR C558), 60, 220 140, 207 Catius Celer, L. (RE Suppl. 14 [1974] 88 s.v. 2 Aurelius Pactumeius Fronto, Q. (PIR P38), 220 Catius 6a), 121 Catius Lepidus? (PIR online, RE Suppl. 14 [1974] 2 Bellic(i)us Natalis Tebanianus, C. (PIR B102), 183 88 s.v. Catius 9a), 221 2 2 Bruttius Praesens, C. (PIR B165), 111 Catius Sabinus, P. (PIR C571), 98, 120, 121 2 Celsus (PIR C647), 224 2 2 Cae(ci)lius Aemilianus, Sex. (PIR C16/C17), Cestius Epulo, C. (PIR C686), 168 2 129, 161 Cilnius Proculus, C. (*PIR C732), 220 2 2 Caecilius Laetus, Q. (PIR C53), 142, 144, 146 Cl(audius) Sulpicianus (PIR C1035), 224 2 Caecilius Rufinus Crepereianus, Q. Cl(audius)? Gallus (PIR C878), 140, 143 2 2 (PIR C76), 136 Claudia Fadilla (PIR C1093), 114 2 Caecilius Rufinus Marianus, M. (PIR C77), 145 Claudius (not in PIR, EOS Sasel 561), 219 2 2 Caecina Paetus, A. (PIR C103), 173 Claudius Agrippinus, Ti. (PIR C776), 216 2 2 Caelius Iulianus, M. (PIR C135), 144 Claudius Apellinus (PIR C780), 217 2 Caelius Tuscus, Sex. (PIR online, AE 1984, 651), 137 Claudius Attalus, L. (PIR C796), 217 2 2 Caerellius Sabinus, C. (PIR C161), 137, 146 Claudius Atticus Herodes, Ti. (PIR C801), 216 2 Caesennius Rufus, L. (not in PIR, CIL Claudius Charax, A. (PIR C831), 84, 158 2 XIV 2112), 195 Claudius Claudianus, Ti. (PIR C834), 61 2 Caesennius Sospes, L. (PIR online, RE Suppl. Claudius Diogenes, Ti. (PIR C851), 217 2 14 [1974] 80–81 Caesennius 13a), 220 Claudius Frontinus, Ti. (PIR C872), 216 2 Caesernius Statius Quinctius Macedo Claudius Fronto, M. (PIR C874), 216 2 2 Quinctianus, T. (PIR C182), 112 Claudius Gordianus, Ti. (PIR C880), 33, 220 2 2 Caesius Aper, C. (PIR C191), 224 Claudius Hieronymianus (PIR C888), 124, 147 2 2 Caesius Gallus, A. (PIR C195), 224 Claudius Lateranus, App. (PIR C907), 142 2 2 Calpurnianus (PIR C237), 223 Claudius Leonticus, Cn. (PIR C909), 134 2 2 Calpurnius Domitius Dexter, Ser. (PIR C261), 106 Claudius Maximus (PIR C933), 125, 163 2 Calpurnius Flaccus, C. (PIR C268), 215 Claudius P. Vedius Antoninus Phaedrus 2 Calpurnius Iulianus (PIR C270), 144 Sabinianus, M. (PIR online, I.Eph. 2 Calpurnius Iulianus, Sex. (PIR C271), 37 727–728, 2065, 4110), 216 2 Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus, L. Claudius Pompeianus, Ti. (PIR C973), 144 2 2 (PIR C300), 165 Claudius Pompeianus, Ti. (PIR C974), 144 2 2 Calpurnius Piso Pontifex, L. (PIR C289), 117 Claudius Saethida Caelianus, Ti. (PIR C1004a), 2 Calpurnius Piso, C. (PIR C284), 157 40, 218 2 2 Calpurnius Piso, Cn. (PIR C287), 160, Claudius Stratonicus (PIR C1033), 33, 36, 205 2 169, 173, 177 Claudius Telemachus, Ti. (PIR C1037), 217

Index hominum 255

Claudius Titianus Demostratus, C. Fabia Hadrianilla (PIR online, CIL II 1174), 195 2 (PIR C1044), 216 Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus 2 2 Clod(ius) Marcellinus (PIR C1171), 145 Lepidus Fulcinianus, L. (PIR F27), 30, 97 2 2 Clodius [--]nianus, Sex. (PIR C1155), 132 Fabius Honoratus, Q. (PIR F37), 199 2 Clodius Thrasea Paetus, P. (PIR C1187), 171 Fabius Iulianus Heracleo Optatianus, M. 2 2 Cluvius Maximus Paullinus, P. (PIR C1204a), 66 (PIR F38), 83 2 2 Cocceius Nerva, M. (PIR C1227), 221 Fabius Magnus Valerianus, M. (PIR F43), 62, 222 2 2 Coculnius Quintillianus, M. (PIR C1234), 218 Fl(avius) Claudianus, T. (PIR F236), 143 2 Coelius, Q. (PIR C1238), 224 Fl(avius) Pudens Pomponianus signo Vocontius, 2 2 Cor[nelius], Q. (PIR C1319), 223 P. (*PIR F346), 33 2 2 Corellius Rufus, Q. (PIR C1294), 85 Fla(via) Tiberina (PIR F443), 204 2 2 Cornelius Anullinus, P. (PIR C1323), 221 Fla(vius) Dryantianus (PIR F261), 127 Cornelius Dolabella Metilianus Pompeius Flavius (Claudius) Sulpicianus, L. 2 2 Marcellus, Ser. (PIR C1350), 72, 221 (PIR C1034/F190/F373), 224 2 Cornelius Dolabella Petronianus, Ser. Flavius Arrianus, L. (PIR F219), 32 2 2 (PIR C1351), 72, 223 Flavius Balbus, Q. (PIR F227), 109 2 2 Cornelius Dolabella Veranianus (PIR C 1352), 223 Flavius Callaeschrus (PIR F230), 127 Cornelius Latinianus, L. (PIR online, Flavius Claudianus Ponticus, T. (PIR online, AE 1962, 116), 203 SEG 36, 1196), 219 2 Cornelius Lentulus Maluginensis, Ser. Flavius Clitosthenes, T. (PIR F243), 217 2 2 (PIR C1394), 50 Flavius Hermocrates, L. (PIR F285), 40, 84, 218 2 Cornelius Lentulus, L. (PIR C1384), 72 Flavius Lollianus Aristobulus, T. (PIR online, RE Cornelius Palma Frontonianus, A. Suppl. 15 [1978] 100 s.v. Flavius 117a), 216 2 2 (PIR C1412), 72 Flavius Menander Africanus, P. (PIR F321), 217 2 Cornelius Priscus Valerinus, P. (PIR online, Flavius Novius Rufus, T. (PIR N190), 131 AE 1981, 349), 112 Flavius Pudens Pomponianus, P. (AE 1987, 2 Cornelius Repentinus, Sex. (PIR C1428), 102 1078), 34 2 2 Cornelius Salvius Tuscus, P. (PIR C1433), 64, 221 Flavius Pudens Pomponianus, P. (*PIR F346), Cornelius Scipio L. Salvidienus Orfitus, Ser. possibly not identical with above), 217 2 2 (PIR C1447), 127 Flavius Rufinianus (PIR R137), 216 2 Cornelius Scipio Orfitus, L. (PIR C1443), 101 Flavius Sulpicianus Dorion Polymnis, L. 2 2 Cornelius Senecio Annianus, Q. (PIR C1450), 31 (PIR F375), 216 2 2 Cosinius Felix, P. (PIR C1530), 142 Flavius Valens (PIR F388), 112 2 2 Cossonius Eggius Marullus, L. (PIR E10), 60, Florentia Domitilla (ad PIR P517), 110 72, 221 Fron[t]o Aemilianus Calpurnius Rufilianus? 2 2 Cremutius Cordus, A. (PIR C1565), 156, 177 (PIR C310), 147 2 2 Cuspius Pactumeius Rufinus, L. (PIR C1637), 83, Fufius Geminus, C. (PIR F511), 173 2 84, 196 Fulcinius Trio, L. (PIR F517), 86, 202 2 Fulvius […] us, C. (PIR F524), 202 2 2 Danacia Quartilla Aureliana (PIR D6), 210 Fulvius […]us, C. (PIR F524), 86 2 Decimius Verus Barbarus, Sex. (PIR online, Fulvius Aburnius Valens, L. (PIR F526), 105 AE 1990, 819), 146 Fulvius Gavius Numisius Petronius Aemilianus, 2 Didius Gallus Fabricius Veiento, A. L. (PIR F541), 106, 221 2 2 (PIR F91), 142 Fulvius Gillo Bittius Proculus, Q. (PIR F544), 134 2 2 Domitia Regina (PIR D187), 36 Fulvius Gillo, M. (PIR F543), 110 2 Domitius Afer Titius Marcellus Curvius Lucanus, Fulvius Lupus Servilianus, C. (PIR F548), 219 2 2 Cn. (PIR D152), 220 Fulvius Pius (PIR F553), 218 2 Domitius Afer Titius Marcellus Curvius Tullus, Fulvius Plautianus, C. (PIR F554), 67 2 2 Cn. (PIR D167), 220 Funisulana Vettula (PIR F571), 128 2 2 Domitius Euphemus, M. (PIR D146), 218 Funisulanus Vettonianus, L. (PIR F570), 128

2 2 Egnatius Victor Lollianus, L. (PIR E36), 70 Gavius Aelianus, L. (PIR G90), 216 2 Egnatius Victor Marini[anus] (PIR E37), 138 Gavius Crispus Numisius Iunior, M. 2 Ennius Saturninus Karus, P. (PIR online, (PIR I721/N208), 220 2 AE 1979, 657), 217 Gavius Stat[iu]s Helvius Pollio, Q. (PIR G115), 223

256 Index hominum

2 2 Haterius Latronianus (PIR H28), 145 Iulius Iunianus Martialianus, P. (PIR I369), 137 2 2 Haterius Saturninus, Ti. (PIR H32), 33, 115, Iulius Larcius Sabinus, L. (PIR I374), 183 144, 145 Iulius Liberalis (PIR online, AE 1980, 955), 217 2 Hedius Lollianus Terentius Gentianus Iulius Longinus, C. (PIR I383), 125 2 (PIR H37), 72 Iulius Maior Antoninus Pythodorus, Sex. 2 2 Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus, L. (PIR H41), 61, (PIR I398), 32, 101 2 125, 223 Iulius Maior, Sex. (PIR I397), 33, 147 2 Hedius Rufus Lollianus Gentianus, Q. Iulius Marcus, C. (PIR I405), 142 2 (PIR H42), 221 Iulius Maximianus Diophantus, C. 2 2 Helvidius (Priscus) (PIR H60), 157 (PIR I418), 216 2 2 Helvius Basila, T. (PIR H67), 194 Iulius Maximinus, C. (PIR I419), 130 2 2 Helvius Clemens Dextrianus, M. (PIR H70), 141 Iulius Maximus Mucianus, C. (PIR I427), 2 Helvius Pertinax, P. (PIR H74), 224 219, 224 2 2 Herennius Severus (PIR H130), 203 Iulius Maximus, Q. (PIR I424), 219 2 Herennius Silvius Maximus, Q. (PIR H131), 224 Iulius Nigrinus, C. (PIR online, SEG 44, 1211), 216 2 2 Hoenius Severus, T. (PIR H190), 61 Iulius Philippus, C. (PIR I458), 217 Hostilius Maximus Robustus, C. (PIR online, Iulius Pisibanus Maximus Aemilius Papus, C. 2 RE Suppl. 15 [1978] 112–113 s.v. Hostilius 20a+ (PIR I464), 145 2 2 nota PIR vol. VII.1, pp. 68ﬀ.), 224 Iulius Potitus, Q. (PIR I484a), 132 2 Iulius Proculus, C. (PIR I497), 220 2 2 Iallius Bassus Fabius Valerianus, M. (PIR I4), 141 Iulius Quadratus Bassus, C. (PIR I508), 203, 219 2 1 Iasdius Domitianus (PIR I12), 130 Iulius Scapula Tertullus Priscus, P. (PIR P701/ 2 Iul(ius) Pomponius Pudens Severianus, C. PIR I557), 124 2 2 (PIR I478), 97 Iulius Septimius Castinus, C. (PIR I566), 130, 2 Iulius (Scapula) Lepidus Tertullus, C. (PIR I554), 146, 206 2 130, 140, 143, 146 Iulius Severus, C. (PIR I573), 126, 218 2 2 Iulius […] Cornutus Tertullus, C. (PIR I273), 224 Iulius Taurus (PIR I596), 215 2 Iulius Agricola, Cn. (PIR I126), 99 Iulius Terentius (not in PIR), 148 Iulius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappus, C. Iulius Teres, C. (PIR online, cf. AE 1999, 1390), 216 2 2 (PIR I151), 219 Iulius Vindex, C. (PIR I628), 155 2 2 Iulius Apellas (PIR I156), 84 Iunia Tertia sive Tertulla (PIR I865), 169 2 Iulius Apronius Maenius Pius Salamallianus, L. Iunius Faustinus Postumianus, C. (PIR I752), 219 2 2 (PIR I161), 140 Iunius Gallio Annaeanus, L. (PIR I757), 125 2 2 Iulius Aquila Polemaeanus, Ti. (PIR I168), 166 Iunius Mauricus, Q. (PIR I773), 223 2 2 Iulius Aquillius Tertullus, M. (PIR I172), 224 Iunius Rusticus, Q. (PIR I814), 163 2 2 Iulius Asper, C. (PIR I182), 124 Iunius Silanus Torquatus, D. (PIR I837), 72 2 Iulius Av[itus] Alexianus, C. (PIR I192), 33, 130 Iuventius Celsus T. Auﬁdius Hoenius Severianus, 2 2 Iulius Balbus, Q. (PIR I199), 133 P. (PIR I882), 105 2 2 Iulius Bassus, C. (PIR I206), 137 Iuventius Celsus, P. (PIR I881), 103, 105 2 Iulius Camilius Galerius Asper, C. (PIR I23), 222 2 Iulius Catus, L. (PIR I253), 223 Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus, C. 2 2 Iulius Celsus Polemaeanus, T. (PIR I260), 43, (PIR C104/L33), 108, 203 2 166, 171, 193, 216, 219 Larcius Lepidus Plarianus, A. (PIR L93), 223 2 Iulius Eurycles Herculanus L. Vibullius Pius, C. Larcius Priscus, A. (PIR L103), 137 2 2 (PIR I302), 218 Lepidus? (PIR L154), 223 2 2 Iulius Faustinianus, L. (PIR I304), 130 Licinius Crassus Frugi, M. (PIR L190), 170 2 Iulius Flaccinus, Tib. (PIR I310), 203 Licinius Crassus Scribonianus, M.? 2 2 Iulius Flavianus, L. (PIR I314), 223 (PIR L192), 220 2 Iulius Frontinus, Sex. (PIR I322), 177, 203 Licinius Marinus Voconius Romanus, C. 2 Iulius Fronto (PIR online, SEG 44, 1211), 216 (PIR L210), 38 2 Iulius Fronto (PIR F490), 84 Licinius Marinus Voconius Romanus, C. 2 2 Iulius Fronto Tlepolemus (PIR I328), 216 (PIR L210, eq.), 38 2 2 Iulius Geminius Capellianus, C. (PIR I339), 145 Licinius Mucianus, C. (PIR L216), 126, 128 2 Iulius Geminius Marcianus, P. (PIR I340), 138 Licinius Silvanus Granianus Quadronius 2 2 Iulius Iulianus, L. (PIR I367), 142 Proculus, Q. (PIR L249), 218

Index hominum 257

2 2 Licinius Silvanus Granianus, Q. (PIR L247), 123, Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus, P. (PIR M711), 124, 218 44, 116 2 2 Licinius Sura, L. (PIR L253), 163, 197 Munatius Gallus, L. (PIR M725), 142 2 2 Licinnius Serenianus (PIR L245), 124 Munatius Plancus, L. (PIR M728), 170 2 Lollius Paullinus D. Valerius Asiaticus Munius Primus Statianus, M. (PIR M743), 217 2 Saturninus, M. (PIR L320), 222 2 2 Lollius Urbicus, Q. (PIR L327), 137, 220 Neratius Proculus, L. (PIR N63), 225 2 2 Longinus (PIR L337), 125 Nonius Arrius Mucianus, M. (PIR N114), 64 2 Lucceius Torquatus Bassianus vel Cassianus, Nonius Arrius Paulinus Aper, M. (PIR N116), 2 M. (PIR L363), 33, 34, 35 111, 189 2 2 Lucilius Benignus Ninnianus, C. (PIR L380), 224 Nonius Asprenas (Torquatus?) (PIR N127), 130 2 2 Lusius Quietus (PIR L439), 124 Nonius Calpurnius Asprenas, L. (PIR N132), 132 2 Lutatius Cerco, C. (PIR L447), 115 Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas, L. 2 Luxilius Sabinus Egnatius Proculus, (PIR N134), 222 2 2 C. (PIR L452), 224 Nonius Macrinus, M. (PIR N140), 111 2 Nonius Quinctilianus, Sex. (PIR N153), 52, 161 2 Maecius Postumus, L. (PIR M58), 76 Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio Albinus, 2 2 Maecius Probus, M. (PIR M59), 111, 184 M. (PIR N238), 60, 101, 222 2 2 Maesius Picatianus, C. (PIR M78), 138 Nunnuleius Nudus, C. (PIR N246, 117 2 Mamercus Aemilius Scaurus (PIR A404), 156 2 Mamilius Capitolinus, Q. (PIR M121), 205 Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus, C. 2 2 Mamius Murrius Umber (PIR M749), 225 (PIR O25), 67 2 2 Manilius Fuscus, Ti. (PIR M137), 64 Octavius Avitus (PIR O26), 164 Manilius Vopiscus Vicinillianus L. Elufrius Octavius Cornelius Salvius Iulianus Aemilianus, 1 Severus Iulius Quadratus Bassus, L. (PIR S102), 83, 105 2 P. (PIR M142), 116, 222 Octavius Fortunatus Erucianus Stella 2 2 Marcia (PIR M256), 177 Stratonianus, Q. (PIR O33), 218 2 2 Marcianus (PIR M203), 223 Octavius Fronto (PIR O34), 51 2 Marcius Cle[mens], T. (PIR M225), 220 Octavius Novatus (PIR online, Alföldy [1987] Marcius Victor Felix Maximillianus, 83–84. 114–115), 215 2 Q. (PIR M253), 217 Octavius Tidius Tossianus L. Iavolenus Priscus, 2 Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus C. (PIR I14), 38, 105 2 2 (PIR M308), 220 Octavius Titinius Capito, Cn. (PIR O62), 179 2 2 Martiannius Pulcher, M. (PIR M337), 141 Oﬁlius Valerius Macedo (PIR O83), 64 2 2 Matuccius Fuscinus, L. (PIR M374), 139, 140 Oppius Severus (PIR O124), 142 2 2 Memmius Caecilianus, M. (PIR M459), 218 Ovinius Tertullus, C. (PIR O191), 134 Memmius Fidus Iulius Albius, C. 2 2 (PIR M462), 225 Paccius Africanus, C. (PIR P14), 133 2 2 Memmius Pudens, Q. (PIR M466), 218 Pactumeius Clemens, P. (PIR P37), 220 2 2 Messius Ruﬁnus, L. (PIR M520a), 218 Pantuleius Graptiacus, C. (PIR P96), 115 2 Metilius Aquillius Regulus Nepos Volusius Passerius Romulus, L. (PIR P143), 133 2 2 Torquatus Fronto, M. (PIR M540), 61, 222 Pedanius Fuscus Salinator (PIR P198), 162 2 2 Mevius Surus (PIR M582), 130 Peregrinus (PIR P236), 124 2 2 Minicius Fundanus, C. (PIR M612), 123, 124, 174 Petronius Cremutius, M. (PIR P278), 223 2 Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus, L. Petronius Mamertinus, M. (PIR P287), 103 2 (PIR M620), 37, 101, 116, 119, 120, 193, Petronius Sura Septimianus, M. 2 194, 195, 196 (PIR P312), 61 2 2 Minicius Natalis, L. (PIR M619), 101, 193 Petronius Umbrinus, M. (PIR P320), 223 2 2 Minicius Rufus, A. or L. (PIR M626), 132 Petronius Verus, L. (PIR P316), 184 2 Minucius Opimianus (PIR M622), 124 Pinarius Cornelius Clemens, Cn. 2 Minucius Ticidianus Annius Faustus, C. (PIR C 1341), 222 2 (PIR online, AE 1990), 146 Pinarius Cornelius Severus, Cn. (PIR C1453), 2 Modestus Paulinus (PIR M663), 225 66, 222 2 Mummius Niger Q. Valerius Vegetus Severinus Plancius (Rutilius?) Varus, M. (PIR P443), 2 Caucidius Tertullus, L. (PIR M707), 111 101, 219

258 Index hominum

2 Planius Sardus L. Varius Ambibulus, Q. Postumus (PIR P907), 143 2 (PIR online, RE Suppl. 14 [1974] 825–826 Prastina Messalinus (PIR P927), 138 s.v. Varius 9), 128 Prifernius Paetus Rosianus Geminus, T. 2 2 Plautius Silvanus Aelianus, Ti. (PIR P480), 94 (PIR P937/P938), 115 2 Plautius Silvanus, M. (PIR P478), 170 Prifernius Paetus Rosianus Nonius Agricola 2 2 Plinius Caecilius Secundus, C. (PIR P490), 38, C. Labeo Tettius Geminus, T. (PIR P939), 115 2 41, 58, 63, 80, 81, 82, 85, 108, 114, 123, 124, 125, Prosius Rufinus, L. (PIR P1014), 130 2 126, 149, 157, 164, 165, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, Publilius [---] Patruinus, L. (PIR P1051), 115 2 187, 202 Pullaienus Gargilius Antiquus, L. (PIR G80), 64 2 Plotius Romanus, P. (PIR P515), 116 2 2 Plotius Sabinus, L. (PIR P517), 110 Quintilius Condianus, Sex. (PIR Q21), 44 2 2 Pollenius Auspex (PIR P537), 64 Quintilius Valerius Maximus, Sex. (PIR Q27), 44 2 Pompeia Agrippinilla (PIR P667), 197 2 2 Pompeius A[…], M. (PIR P587), 223 Raecius Gallus (PIR G64), 218 2 2 Pompeius Falco Sosius Priscus, Q. (PIR P603), Rocius Piso (PIR R72), 221 2 185, 222 Roscius Aelianus Maecius Celer, L. (PIR R89), 117 2 Pompeius Faustinus Severianus (PIR P605), 219 Roscius Aelianus Paculus Salvius Iulianus, L. 2 Pompeius Hermippus Aelianus, Cn. (PIR R92), 221 2 2 (PIR P615), 216 Roscius Aelianus Paculus, L. (PIR R91), 221 Pompeius Macrinus (Neos Theophanes), M. Roscius Coelius Murena Silius Decianus Vibull(i) 2 (PIR P628), 197 us Pius Iulius Eurycles Herc(u)lanus Pompeius 2 Pompeius Senecio Roscius Murena Coelius Sex. Falco, Q. (PIR P602), 184 2 Iulius Frontinus Silius Decianus C. Iulius Rubellius Blandus, C. (PIR R111), 117 2 Eurycles Herculaneus L. Vibullius Pius Rufinus (PIR R140), 124 2 Augustanus Alpinus Bellicius Sollers Iulius Rufius Festus Laelius Firmus, C. (PIR R157), Acer Ducenius Proculus Rutilianus Rufinus 110, 184 2 Silius Valens Valerius Niger Cl. Fuscus Saxa Rufrius Sulpicianus (PIR R174), 143 2 Amyntianus Sosius Priscus, Q. (PIR P651), 1 116, 185, 222 Sallius Aristaenetus, C. (PIR S55), 218 1 Pompeius Silvanus Staberius Flavinus, Sallustius Blaesus, P. (PIR S60), 76 2 1 M. (PIR P654), 129, 219 Salvius Carus, L. (PIR S100), 221 2 1 Pompeius Sosius Priscus (PIR P656), 222 Salvius Iulianus, P. (PIR S104), 83 Pompeius Vopiscus C. Arruntius Catellius Celer, Salvius Rufinus Minicius Opimianus, T. 2 2 L. (PIR P662), 76 (PIR M623), 130, 184 1 Pomponius Bassus Cascus Scribonianus Scribonius Libo Drusus, M. (PIR S214), 159 2 (PIR P706), 220 Sedatius Severianus Iulius Acer Metilius Nepos 2 1 Pomponius Cornelianus, P. (PIR P710), 112 Rufinus Ti. Rutilianus Censor, M. (PIR S231), 2 Pomponius Maecius Probus, M. (PIR M60), 184 44, 83, 115, 144, 165 Pomponius Maximus Flavius [Sil]vanus, L. Sedatius Severus Iulius Reginus, M. 2 1 (PIR P737), 128 (PIR S232), 115 2 1 Pomponius P[…]tus, C. (PIR P743), 130 Sentius Aburnianus, C. (PIR S289), 223 Pomponius Rufus Acilius [Tus?]cus Coelius Sentius Aburnianus, Cn. (PIR online, RE Suppl. 2 Sparsus, C. (PIR P750), 130 14 [1974] 659 s.v. Sentius 7a), 223 2 1 Pomponius Rufus Marcellus, Q. (PIR P751), 130 Septimius Geta, P. (PIR S326), 220, 225 1 Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus, Sergius Paullus, L. (PIR S377), 124 2 1 M. (PIR P806), 220 Serius Augurinus, C. (PIR S387), 125 2 1 Pontius Pontianus, Tib. (PIR P816), 146 Servaeus Amicus Potitianus, L. (PIR S399), 184 1 Pontius Ulpius Verus … nianus Victor signo Servaeus Fuscus Cornelianus, Q. (PIR S400), 217 2 1 Potamius, C. (PIR P831), 218 Servenius Cornutus, L. (PIR S404), 215, 219 2 1 Popilius Carus Pedo, C. (PIR P838), 117 Servilius Fabianus Maximus, M. (PIR S415), 220 2 Porcia Rufiana (PIR P873), 203 Sestius Pollio, P. (PIR online, RE Suppl. 14 [1974] 2 Porcius Priscus Longinus, C. (PIR P864), 117 666 s.v. Sestius 10a), 32 2 Porcius Rufianus, T. (PIR P865), 203 Statilius Maximus Severus Hadrianus, T. 2 1 Postu[miu]s Afr[icanus], C. (PIR P884), 142 (PIR S604), 118 2 1 Postumius Festus, M. (PIR P886), 74 Statilius Taurus, T. (PIR S619), 115

Index hominum 259

1 1 Statius Capito Arrian[nus], C. (PIR S627), 223 Valerius Etruscus, M. (PIR V48), 139 1 1 Statius Cerialis, C. (PIR S628), 223 Valerius Longinus, M. (PIR V69), 144 1 1 Statius Priscus Licinius Italicus, M. (PIR S637), 36 Valerius Maximianus, M. (PIR V79), 33, 37, 139, 1 2 Statius Quadratus, L. (PIR S640/PIR Q1), 124 146, 215 1 Stertinius Quartus, P. (PIR S662), 33, 102 Valerius Messalla Messallinus, M. 1 Stlaccius Albinus Trebellius Sallustius Rufus, M. (PIR V93), 161 1 (PIR S671), 115 Valerius Priscus Coelius Festus (PIR online, RE Subrius Dexter L. Cornelius Priscus, Sex. Suppl. 14 [1974] 821 s.v. Valerius 314a), 225 2 (PIR C1420), 71 Valerius Propinquus Granius Grattius Cerialis 1 2 Sulpicius Platorinus, C. (PIR S729), 170 Geminius Restitutus, M. (PIR G221), 215 1 Valerius Pudens, C. (PIR V122), 124, 142 1 Tarquitius Catu[l]us, Q. (PIR T16), 145 Valerius Respectus Terentianus, C. 1 Tebanus Gavidius Latiaris, P. (PIR T35), 109 (PIR online, CIL III 1988, III 1989 2 Terentia (PIR online, Raepsaet, FOS 753), 128 and PIR vol. VII. 1 p. 56), 219 1 Terentia Flavula (PIR T80), 72 Valerius Sabinianus, C. (not in PIR, RE Suppl. 1 Terentius Gentianus, D. (PIR T56), 128 9 [1962] 1429ﬀ. s.v. Valerius 333a), 136 1 Terentius Hisp[o ---] (AE 1982, 403), 118 Valerius Valerianus Sanctus, C. (PIR V148), 219 1 1 Terentius Pudens Uttedianus, A. (PIR T65), 143 Valerius Vegetus, Q. (PIR V150), 215 1 1 Terentius Scaurianus, D. (PIR T68), 142 Valerius, D. (PIR V17), 223 1 Tettius Africanus Cassianus Priscus, C. Velius Fidus, D. (PIR V225), 103 1 (PIR T100), 128 Venidius Rufus Marius Maximus L. Calvinianus, 1 Ti. Iulius Fronto (PIR online, RE Suppl.15 [1978] Q. (PIR V245), 64 1 105 s.v. Fronto 4d), 40 Verania Gemina (PIR V268), 165 1 1 Tiberianus (PIR T142), 125 Veratius Quadratus, L. (PIR V269), 76 1 1 Tineius Rufus, Q. (PIR T168), 103, 118, 222 Verginius Rufus, L. (PIR V284), 170, 177, 202 1 Tineius Sacerdos, Q. (PIR T170/T171), 132 Vespronius Candidus Sallustius Sabinianus, L. 1 1 Triarius Ruﬁnus, A. (PIR T253), 140 (PIR V301), 124 1 1 Tullius Maximus, Q. (PIR T279/T280), 36, 83 Vetulenus Apronianus (PIR V350), 142 1 1 Tullius Varro, P. (PIR T284), 225 Vibius Liberalis, M. (PIR V385), 183 Vibullius Hipparchus Ti. Claudius Atticus 1 2 Ulpius Boethus, M. (PIR V542), 224 Herodes, L. (PIR C802), 42, 44, 127, Ulpius Domitius Aristaeus Arabianus, M. 174, 196, 219 2 (PIR D134), 132 Vigellius Raius Plarius Saturninus Atilius Braduanus 1 Ulpius Prastina Pacatus Messalinus, C. CaucidiusTertullus(PIR V434), 124 2 1 (PIR P926/P929), 110, 139 Vilius Titianus Quadratus, Q. (PIR V435), 216 1 1 Ulpius Traianus, M. (PIR V574), 203 Vin[---], T. (PIR V440), 223 1 Umbilius Maximinus Praetextatus, M. Vinicius, M. (PIR V445), 134, 170 1 (AE 1977, 15), 115 Vitellius, A. (PIR V499), 99 1 Vitia (PIR V517), 173 1 Val(erius) Helvidius Priscus [P]oblicola, L. Vitrasius Aequus, L. (PIR V521), 223 1 1 (PIR V59), 133 Voconius Saxa Fidus, Q. (PIR V612), 142 1 1 Valerius Asiaticus, D. (PIR V25), 170, 223 Volumnius Horatianus, L. (PIR V641), 111 1 1 Valerius Bradua Mauricus, M. (PIR V31), 199 Volusius Saturninus, L. (PIR V660), 190, 191 1 1 Valerius Catullus Messallinus (PIR V40), 223 Volusius Saturninus, L. (PIR V661), 191 1 1 Valerius Catullus Messallinus, L. (PIR V41), 223 Volusius Saturninus, Q. (PIR V664), 192

General index

Personal names are indexed under the nomen gentile or family name, with the exception of major public ﬁgures who are indexed under the name by which they are best known. Only senators better known or who occur in various parts of the monograph are listed here; for a complete list see the prosopographical index above.

aediles cereales,office of 96 astrology 159–161, 162–163 Aelius Aristides 83–84, 126 asylum rights 49–50 Aemilia Pudentilla 32 Atreus/Atreides, tragic depictions 156 Aemilius Carus, L. 137, 142, 145 augurs, college/admissions 60 Aemilius Frontinus, L. 32, 124 Augustine of Hippo, St. 179 Aetius (philosopher) 155 Augustus, Emperor 1, 50–51, 107, 161–162, 176 Africa, senators from/dedications 33–34, 37, 40, administrative reforms 99 130–131, 139–141 dedications to 112–113 agnosticism 180–181 deification/worship 73, 100–101, 187 Agrippa, M. Vipsanius 99, 159 funerary monument 169, 170 Aiacus Modestus Crescentianus, Q. 210, 211–212 handling of games/festivities 94–97, 209 Alexander of Abonouteichos 44–45, 165 health 85–86 Alfius Maximus Numerius Avitus, P. 31–32, 114 interest in religious sites 127 Alföldy, Géza 25–27, 114–115 policy towards senate 23–24, 29, 47–48 Andermahr, A. M. 109, 115 religious reforms 62, 155, 161, 167, 188, 211 Anicius Faustus, Q. 130, 206 Aurelius Cominius Cassianus, M. 140, 207 Annaeus Placidus, T. 97, 199 Annas, Julia 166 Balbinus, Emperor 148 Annia Regilla 42–43, 196 Barghop, Dirk 11 Antinous (deified lover of Hadrian) 195 Bassianus see Lucceius Torquatus Bassianus, M. Antoninus Pius, Emperor 31, 66, 71, 104–105, 123 Bauman, Richard A. 105–106 dedications to 114, 130, 132, 137, 139 Beard, Mary 3, 28, 76, 157 religious reforms 138–139 Beaujeu, Jean 28, 30, 33 Apollo, cult of 32, 118, 142 Behr, Charles A. 83 Appuleius, Sex. 72, 134 Bell, Catherine 12 Apuleius, L. 32, 160 Bendlin, Andreas 3 Aquilius Regulus, M. 165, 174–175 benefactions 18 archaeology 93 benevolence, as aspect of divine 165–166 Arius Didymus 172 birthdays, testamentary provisions for Arruntius Stella, L. 96, 158 celebration 195–196 arvales (order of priesthood) 65–66, 69–70, 75, Bona Dea, cult of 109 187, 189 Bourdieu, Pierre 11 Asclepius, cult of 81–85, 111 Braun, Willi 6 see also Pergamon Britain, military dedications 141 Asinius Gallus, C. 51, 173 Brown, Peter 5 aspiration, as feature of senatorial religion Brutus, M. Junius (assassin of Julius Caesar) 14–15, 186 169, 177 260

General index 261

building projects 132–134, 139–141 Cornelii Gaetulici family 170, 181 burial(s) Cornelius Fronto, M. see Fronto inscriptions 42 Cornelius Repentinus, Sex. 102 practices 42–43, 103–105 Cornelius Scipio … Orfitus, Ser. 127, 129 preference over cremation 181 Cossonius Eggius Marullus, L. 60, 72 prohibition, possibility of see damnatio cremation 181 memoriae Cremutius Cordus, A. 156, 177 Cumont, Franz 180 Caecilius Aemilianus, Sex. 129, 161 curator,office of 99–101 Caecilius Laetus, Q. 142, 144, 146 appointment process 100–101 Caligula, Emperor 11, 70, 187, 189, 198 cursus (= CVs), senatorial 61, 109 Calpurnius Iulianus, Sex. 37, 144 on funerary monuments 175–177 Calpurnius Piso, C. (cos. 57, subject of Laus Cuspius Pactumeius Rufinus, L. 83, 84, Pisonis) 157 196–197, 200 Calpurnius Piso, Cn. (alleged murderer of Germanicus) 159–160, 169, 173, 177 damnatio memoriae (condemnation of the dead) Calpurnius Proculus, L. 33, 36 173, 176–177 Calpurnius Scipio Orfitus, Ser. 127 de Certeau, Jacques 14 Calvisius Ruso, P. 37, 133 death Camodeca, Giuseppe 118 intellectual engagement with 183 Caninius Gallus, L. 48–49, 52–53, 161–162 vocabulary 183–185 Caracalla, Emperor 67, 84, 129, 161, 162 see also burial(s); funerary commemoration(s); dedications to 103, 142–143, 144, 145 philosophy Carney, Thomas 10 dedications 15, 30–42, 43–44, 99–100 Cassius Dio 53–54, 95, 96, 155–156, 160, 187, 199 connection to the land 108–109 Cassius Longinus, C. (assassin of Julius Caesar) to imperial cult 129–132 169, 177 motivations for 108–112 Catius Sabinus, P. 98, 120–121 senatorial, private 101–102 cena aditalis (new priest’s celebratory dinner) 75 see also pro salute dedication Cestius, C., speech in senate 49–50 Deleuze, Gilles 14 Cestius Epulo, C., tomb of 168–169 Demonax (philosopher) 174 Chiesa, Giovan Battista 9 Diana, dedications to 36, 118–119 children, role in religious ritual 65–66 Didius Iulianus, Emperor 105 Christianity 6, 56, 125–126, 155, 167 Dio Cassius see Cassius Dio attitudes to death/afterlife 179, 185 Dio Chrysostom 45–46, 47, 163 attitudes to divination 160 Dionysos Kathegemon, cult of 32 imperial attitudes to 123–125 Dionysus, funerary representations 183 (notional) unity 154 dis manibus (spirits of the dead), dedications Chrysippus 87 to 180 Cicero, M. Tullius 10, 29, 50–51, 86, 153, divination 159–161 154, 158, 180 criminalization 159, 161 Claudius, Emperor 39, 53, 73, 160, 187, 188 doctors, relationship with patients 79–81 Claudius Charax, A. 84, 148, 158 Dodds, E. R. 88 Claudius Gallus 140, 143–144 Domitian, Emperor 96, 130, 156–157, 187 Claudius Maximus 125, 163 dreams, prognostic value 82–84 Claudius Stratonicus 33, 36, 204–205 Drusilla (sister of Caligula), dedications coinage 198 to 112–113 collegia 56 Drusus, Nero Claudius (father of Emperor Commodus, Emperor 53, 73, 97, 116, 127, 167, Claudius) 198 187, 199–200 Drusus Julius Caesar (son of Tiberius) dedications to 103, 113, 137–138, 139, 143 73, 169 consolatio (funerary composition) 171–173 Drusus Julius Caesar (son of Germanicus) 51 consulars Duncan-Jones, Richard 195 membership of priesthood 64–65 Dura-Europos see Palmyrene Gods, numbers 64 Temple of

262 General index

Eastern empire feriale Duranum (calender) 148–149 building projects 133–134 Feronia, cult of 109 dedications by visiting senators 37 Ferretti, Paolo 178 imperial cult 40 Festivities local cults 118, 125–126, 131–132 see also games; praefectus feriarum Eck, Werner 9, 30, 42, 107, 123, 127 festivities, military celebration 135–136 Eco, Umberto 178 fetiales (order of priesthood) 60, 68, 94 Elagabalus, Emperor 33, 131, 143, 156 Flaig, Egon 11 Eleusis 127–128 flamines (priesthood order of imperial cult) emperor(s) 50–51, 60, 71–74 absence, degree of influence in 78 new groups 72–73 appointment of officials 100–101 Flavian period 39, 198, 203 attendance at priesthood meetings 69–71 see also names of individual emperors control/competition over funerary rites Flavius Hermocrates, L. 40, 84 167–168, 173–174, 176–177 Flemming, Rebecca 80 control of entry into priesthoods/magistracies 58 Fortuna, cult of 110, 118, 142 correspondence with provincial governors Foucault, Michel 12, 14, 78 123–125 freedmen deceased, deification/condemnation 19, 53, 60, funerary monuments 182 73–75, 166, 187, 200, 212–213 role in cult practices 15–16 dedications to 102–103, 112–114; irrelevance role in genius cult 191 of popularity 130 Fronto, M. Cornelius 88–90, 158, 174 divine status, claims to (in lifetime) 189, 193, Fulcinius Trio, L. 86, 201–202 199, 208 Fulvius Plautianus, C. 67, 86, 201–202 engagement with mythology 155–157, 212 funerary commemoration(s) 167–185 funerals/monuments 53–54, 168–170 competitive nature 168, 175, 176–177 “good” vs. “bad” 187, 199, 200 diversity of practices 175, 179–180 institution of office 23–24, 209 focus on public achievement 176, 182 legitimisation 11 genealogical 175–176 philosophical/religious justification 165–166, 167 and genius cult 193–195 physical well-being, relationship with well- imperial control/practices see under emperors being of state 201–202, 207–208 portraits see imagines prayers for health/safety of 137–141, 143–144 pyres 170 relationship with senate 13, 51–52, 55, 189, rhetoric 171–173 (see also consolatio) 207–208, 211, 212–214; dynamic nature 24 role of peer community 178–179 religious position 1, 211, 213–214 senatorial practices 170–185; changes in role in power structure 77, 93–94, 107, 122, 167–168, 170–171 211, 213 transcendental element see transcendentalism statues, and asylum rights 49–50 types of monument 177–178 (see also see also imperial cult; imperial family sarcophagi; tombs) Epicurus 80 vocabulary 170, 183–185 Letter to Menoikeus 87 future, foretelling see divination; dreams epigraphy 8, 93, 182–183, 190, 201 Epona, dedications to 143 Galba, Emperor 99 Erkelenz, Dirk 204 Galen 80, 82 ethics see morality; virtue ethics Gallia Narbonensis, senators originating from 29 excess, disapproval of/warnings against games, celebration of 94–97, 120–121, 209–211, 44–45 213–214 Gass, Michael 167 Fabius Clio Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Gellius, A. 79–80 Lepidus Fulcinianus, L. 30–31, 97–98 Gelzer, Matthias 10 Falchi, Gian Luigi 105 genius cult 15–16, 19, 186, 188 Faustina (wife of Marcus Aurelius) 113 association with “bad” emperors 187 Favorinus 80 history under republic 187–188 Felicitas, St. (Christian martyr) 123–124 imperial institutionalisation 188–189

General index 263

overtones of subservience 189 imperial cult 39–41, 70, 186–189 priesthood 190–191 decline 207 of senators/elite men 189–192 dedications/oaths 15, 19 Germanicus Julius Caesar (brother of Emperor double system of worship 73–75 Claudius) 73, 159–160, 169, 177, 198 nature of senatorial engagement with 186, Ginzburg, Carlo 9 197–200, 201–202, 207–208, 212–214 Gordian III, Caesar, later Emperor 148 priesthoods dedicated to 72–75 (see also Gordon, Richard 77, 160 ﬂamines; sodalitates) governors, provincial 123–125 provincial expressions/sites 129–132 jurisdiction 125–126 imperial family Gradel, Ittai 188 attendance at priesthood meetings 69 grain, distribution of 96 dedications to 112–114 Greece see Eastern empire; Greek gods religious honours 48, 134 Greek gods, dedications to 119–120 service in imperial cult 73–74 Guattari, Félix 14 supplications on behalf of 48 “guidebooks” 128 innovations, senatorial 14–15, 186, 201, 212–213 in genius cult 191, 192 Hadrian, Emperor 29, 31, 54, 66, 71, 95, involvement of new senators 24, 30, 46, 96, 118, 123, 124, 127, 128, 162, 149–150 193, 196 as two-way process 186 dedications to 102–103, 113, 132, 147 vs. normative practices 14–15 Hahn, Johannes 25–26 inscriptions 8, 32, 42, 43–44, 99–100, 105, 189 Haterius Saturninus,Ti. 33, 115, 144, 145 funerary 175–177 healing sites, visits to 143–144 Italy (outside Rome), nature/role of senatorial health concerns religion 107–121, 122 dedications motivated by 36–37, 111–112 compared with Rome 121 prayers for 85–88 Iulia Domna, cult of 132 and pro salute formula 205–206, 208 Iulius Asper, C. 72, 124 role in classical culture 78–79, 88–90 Iulius Celsus Polemaeanus, T. 43, 166, 171, 193 Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus, L. 61, 125 Iulius Frontinus, Sex. 177–178, 202–203 Heliogabalus, Emperor see Elagabalus Iulius Maior Antoninus Pythodorus, Sex. 32, 33, Helvidius Priscus (the Younger) 156–157 101, 147 Hephaestion of Thebes 162–163 Iulius Scapula Lepidus Tertullus, C. 130–131, 140, Hercules, cult of 18, 30–32, 36, 41, 97–99, 116–118, 143, 146 119, 158, 199 Iulius Septimius Castinus, C. 146, 206 Herodes Atticus 42–43, 44, 103, 127, 174, Iulius Terentius, Military Tribune in Syria 196–197, 200 148–149 Herodian of Syria 48 Iulius Vindex 155–156, 178 Hilarianus (procurator) 123–124 Iuno, cult of 31–32 Hoﬀer, S. E. 14 Hollywood, Amy 15 Jews/Judaism 56, 125–126 Hopkins, Keith 5, 10, 25–27, 154 Josephus, Flavius 126 Horsfall, Nicholas 157 Julia (daughter of Augustus) 68, 112 Hymnus (imperial slave) 190 Julio-Claudian dynasty attitudes to magic/divination 159–160 iconography 181–183 philosophy 163 illness 78–90 priesthoods 71–74 “good patient’s” responses 79, 81 see also names of individual emperors medication 82 Julius Caesar 17, 61–62, 95, 170 prayers for sick 78, 85, 88–89 Jupiter, dedications to 111–112, 137–138, 141–143 prognostic dreams 82–84 see also following entries self-education on subject 80–81 Jupiter Depulsor, cult of 146–147 visits to sickbed 79–81, 88 Jupiter Dolichenus, cult of 28, 33, 111, 147 imagines (funerary portraits) 169–170 Jupiter Serenus, cult of 101 prohibition 169 Justin, St., First Apology 123

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Lacan, Jacques 13 morality, relationship with religion 165–167 Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus, C. 108–109, 203 mourning 172–173 Le Goff, Jacques 53 dress 174 Lendon, Jon 11 excessive, criticisms of 165, 172–175 Lepidus, M. Aemilius 71, 161 prohibition 173 Leunissen, Paul 25–26 Münzer, Friedrich 10 Levi, Giovanni 9 mythology lex rogata 50–51 allegorical interpretations 158 Licinius Crassus, M. (ally of Julius Caesar) 170 critical stance towards 157–158 Licinius Sura, L. 162–163, 197 funerary depictions 182–183 Lincoln, Bruce 6 imperial interest in 155–157, 212 Livia, Empress 48, 172, 173, 177, 187 modern commentaries 157 Lucan (M. Annaeus Lucanus), Pharsalia 156, 180 positive/creative applications 158–159 Lucceius Torquatus Bassianus, M. 33, 34–36 Lucian of Samosata 44–45, 165 Neoplatonism 4, 167 Lucius Verus, Emperor 127 Nero, Emperor 55, 96, 127, 163, 187, 192, 198 Lusius Quietus 124 contemporary criticisms 155–156 dedications to 129–130 magistrates/magistracies plundering of Roman assets 99 distinguished from priest(hood)s 63, 68, 107 Nero Julius Caesar Germanicus (increased) powers 107, 211 (son of Germanicus) 51 religious/administrative duties 94–97, 106–107 Nerva, Emperor 96 Manilius, M. (astrologer) 162 new senators 16, 24, 28–29 Marcellus, M. Claudius (son-in-law extent of influence 25 of Augustus) 198 see also provincial senators Marcellus of Side 196 Nonius Arrius Paulinus Aper, M. 111, 189 Marcia (daughter of A. Crematius Cordus) Nonius Quinctilianus, Sex. 52, 161 172–173, 177 North, John A. 3, 28, 76, 164 Marcus Aurelius, Emperor 64, 80, 88–90, 94, 96, nudity, in portraits 200 123, 127, 163, 180, 187 Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio Albinus, M. dedications to 113, 138, 139 60, 101 Meditations 89–90 Mark Antony 17, 72–73 Octavia (sister of Augustus) 177 Marxism 7–8 Ovid (P. Ovidius Naso) 180 Matronae (mother goddesses), worship of 33, 36 Matuccius Fuscinus, L. 139, 140 Palmyrene Gods, Temple of 148–149 Medaurus, dedications to 33, 34–36, 43 Panofsky, Erwin 180 Menocchio (Domenico Scandella) 9 pater patriae, imperial assumption of title 188 Mercury, cult of 142 patrician class, eligibility for priesthood 63–64, 65 microhistory 9–10 Paul, St. 125 military life/centres 135–150 Pausanias 128 contrasted with civic government 123 Pedanii family 193 localized practices 144–148 Pekáry, Thomas 86, 148 official religious duties 136–137, 149–150 Pergamon, cults/dedications 32, 45, 82–85 pro salute dedications 203–205 Perkins, Judith 78 religious activities/inscriptions 18, 32–37 Perpetua, St. (Christian martyr) 123–124 Minicius Fundanus, C. 123, 124, 174 Pertinax, Emperor 53–54, 73–74, 174, 199, 200 Minicius Natalis, L. (father) 101, 193 Petronius Arbiter, C. (writer) 181 Minicius Natalis Quadronius Verus, L. (son) 37, Petrucci, Arnando 175 101, 116, 119–120, 193–197, 200 philosophy 4–5, 18–19, 87–88, 163–167, 212 religious interests 196–197 and death 171–173, 180–181 Minucius Opimanius 123–124 Philostratus the Athenian 44 Mithras, cult of 28, 33, 37, 145–147, 205 Piso see Calpurnius Piso, C. Momigliano, Arnaldo 153 Plato 82 Mommsen, Theodor 2, 201, 202, 205 Pliny the Elder (C. Plinius Secundus) 178

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Pliny the Younger (C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus) provinces 122–150 14, 41, 58, 63, 74, 108, 114, 148, 164–165, 202 hybridity of religious/political system 150 correspondence with Trajan 38, 123–125, links of religion with power 135 126 power structures 18, 122–123 on death/mourning 174–175, 177–179 religious sites/“tourism” 127–129 Panegyricus 157, 187 ritual celebrations 126–127, 129–132 on sickness 80, 81–82, 85 see also provincial senators Plutarch 172 provincial senators 28–55 De Pythiae oraculis 163 activities outside Rome 41–42 On Superstition 164 burial in home province 42–43 Polydeuces (slave of Herodes Atticus) 174 conformism with central customs/policy 30 Pompeia Agripinilla 197 cult transfers 33–36 Pompeius Macrinus, M. 197, 200 dedications in locations visited 37–38, Pompeius Senecio, Q. 116–117, 185 119–121 practice theory 12 dedications to gods from other provinces praefectus feriarum (festival organiser), office 36–38, 41–42 of 95–96 degree of independence 122 praetors 94–95, 99 east vs. west, variations 42 and cult of Hercules 97–99 (lack of) proselytising activity 43–44, 46–47 prayers see illness; vota references to origins 143 Price, Simon 3, 28 relatives’ role in local cults 38–39, 41 priesthoods 13, 17, 39–41, 211 religious activities prior to taking office administrative officials 70–71 38–41 celebration of new appointments 75 support for local cults 29–33, 46–47, 101–102, collective participation 75 131–132 consular membership 64–65 upholding of imperial policy 43–44, 46 entry process 58–59 Pupienus, Emperor 148 exclusively senatorial 56–57, 61–62 pyramids 168–169 familial continuity 65–66, 71–72 gatherings/communal meals 75–77 Quintilian (M. Fabius Quintilianus) 48 general role 106–107 Quintilii brothers 44 imperial influence on appointments 70 lawyers’ membership of 105–106 religion lifelong appointments 63 (problems of) definition 6 local 114–116 unanimity, as defining feature 154 meetings 69–70 religion, Roman multiple, held by one individual 60–61, 66–67; diversity 3–4, 153, 154–155 order of appointments 66–67 faith vs. authority 6 qualifications 63–64 historiography 2–3 role in festivities 209–210 legislation limiting knowledge/research 161–162 senatorial vs. equestrian 62 legitimising role 7–8, 211 significance of unit (over individual relationship with power 1–2, 5–16, 135 members) 103 role in dealing with illness 81–82 status at time of entry 59 theological debates 153–155, 212–213 as stepping stones to office 40–41, 57–58, 59–60 religion, senatorial 46–47 see also genius cult available options 3 pro salute dedication, use of 186–192, 201–208, 213 communal character 94 decline 207 divergences from mainstream 19, 186–208 to gods 204–205 diversity 15 to individual senators 202–204 dynamic nature 13–15, 54–55, 213–214 limitations on use 206–207 public character 101 problems of translation 205–206 reconciliation with political duties 1–2, 5 regional distribution 204, 206–207 renunciation of position on grounds of 4–5 Propertius, Sex. Aurelius 85 role in senatorial identity 47–55 prosopography 8–11 worldly vs. other-worldly approaches 201

266 General index

republican period Consolatio ad Liviam 173 funerary practices 170 Consolatio ad Marciam 172–173, 177 religious crisis 3, 153 Hercules furens 180 religious debates 154–155 Septimius Severus, Emperor 54, 127, 130–131, 134, senatorial religious attitudes 1–2, 107 143–144, 162, 199, 209–210 Rilinger, Rolf 156 Severus Alexander, Emperor 1, 33–34, 73, 137, 138 Rogatianus 4–5 Shochat, Yael 166 Rome Sibylline Books 209 distribution of power with provinces 17–18, 93, Silius Italicus 7 149–150, 211 Silvanus, cult of 33, 108–109 nature/role of senatorial religion 94–107 social history, studies 25–27 pro salute dedications 204, 206–207 social mobility 27–28 Rufius Festus Laelius Firmus, C. 110, 184 prevalence 16 religious impact 28–29 sacrifice, role in military/religious ritual 148–149 social status, relationship with religious belief 4 salii Palatini 60–61 Socrates 171–172, 180 Salvius Rufinus Minicius Opimianus, T. 130, 184 sodalitates (“brotherhoods” of imperial cult) 73–75 Salway, Benet 128 distinguished from flamines 73–74 Samothrace, sanctuary at 127–128 Spain sanctuaries 108 imperial cult 39–40 sarcophagi senators originating from 29, 30–32 military commanders’ 181–182 Stark, Rodney 7–8, 15 pictorial decorations 181–183; mythological Statius, P. Papinius (poet) 158, 174 182–183 Thebaid 180 vogue for 180–181 Stein, A. 102 Scaevola Pontifex, Q. Mucius 154–155 Stertinius Quartus, P. 33, 102 Scheid, John 2, 9, 41, 59–60, 63, 76 Stoicism 13, 19, 87, 165, 166–167, 180 Sedatius Severianus … Rutilianus, M. 44–45, Suetonius Tranquillus, C. 47, 156–157, 161, 83–84, 115, 144, 165 164–165 Sejanus, L. Aelius 86, 177, 198 suicide 171, 173 sella curulis (seat of office) 197–200 Sulla, L. Cornelius (dictator) 188 senators/senate superstition 164–166 corporate identity 16, 24–27, 46, 50, 53, symbolic order 13 54–55, 211; religious component 51–54 Syme, Sir Ronald 9, 10, 155 illness 17 Syria, military/religious activities 138, 147–148 meetings, religious features 16, 47–49, 56; opening ceremony 48–49 Tacfarinas (Berber chief) 68 motivation for political career 26 Tatius, T. 73 naming on religious monuments 99–100 Tacitus, P. (C.?) Cornelius 23, 39, 48, 49–50, new see new senators 51, 52–53, 73, 99, 159–160, 161–162, physical markers 24 178, 192, 203 posthumous divine honours 192–200; Terentia Flavula 72, 128 influence of imperial cult 197–200 Terentius Gentianus 72, 128 property qualifications 23, 107–108 Tertullian 96, 125 provincial see provincial senators testamentary benfactions 194–195 reduction in power/numbers 23–24 Theophanes of Mytilene 197 religion see religion, senatorial Thrasea Paetus (P. Clodius) 171 religious authority 56–57; diminution 77 Tiberius, Emperor 48–49, 50–51, 51–52, 68–69, repositioning under empire 209 73, 82, 86, 95, 156, 161–162, 169, 173, 177, 191, subgroups 17, 56 198, 201–202 Seneca, L. Annaeus (Seneca the Younger) 57–58, dedications to 102, 112 59, 63, 87, 88, 125, 158, 163, 164, 165–166, Tibullus, Albius 85, 161 171, 180 Tibur, cult of Hercules 31–32, 41, 116–118, 119 Apocolocyntosis 53 Tineius Rufus, Q. 103, 118 On Benefactions 79, 80, 81 Titus, Emperor 137, 188

General index 267

tombs 168–171 Vespasian, Emperor 29, 63–64, 94, 128, 163, 188 Trajan, Emperor 29, 58, 107–108, 124 building projects 133 building projects 133 dedications to 132, 137 correspondence with Pliny the Younger 38, Vestals 77, 170 123–125, 126, 157 Vestinus, L. 39 dedications to 113 Vesuvius, eruption of 178 and genius cult 187 Vetulenus Apronianus 142 Parthian victory 95 Via Appia 43 transcendentalism, in Roman religion/politics Victoria, dedications to 142 201, 211–212 Vindex see Iulius Vindex and funerary commemorations 179–181 Vinicius, M. 134, 170 travel, opportunities/itineraries 128–129 virtue ethics 166–167 triumph(s), celebration of 95 vita humana (life in pictures) 181–182 Tullia (daughter of Cicero) 180 Vitellius, Emperor 99 Tullius Maximus, Q. 36, 83, 84 Volusii Saturnini family 170, 189–192 vota (vows) 112, 129–130 Ulpian (Domitius Ulpianus) 178 on behalf of sick 85–86 Ulpius Prastina Pacatus Messalinus, C. 110, building projects 140–141 137–138, 139 Ulpius Traianus, M. (father of the emperor Weber, Max 7–8, 11 Trajan) 203 Winterling, Aloys 11 Umbilius Maximinus Praetextatus, M. 115 women underworld, literary depictions 180 dedications by 110 funerary consolations addressed to 172–173 Valerius Maximianus, M. 33, 37, 139, participation in imperial cult 114 146–147 suicides 173 Valerius Pudens, C. 124, 142 visits to religious sites 128–129 Varro, M. Terentius 47, 153, 155, 158 Wrede, Henning 181, 183 Verginius Rufus, L. 170, 177–178, 202 Verus, Emperor, dedications to 137–138 Zanker, Paul 155, 167