Eutropius, Abridgment of Roman History (Historiae Romanae
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Eunuchs in the East, Men in the West? 147
Eunuchs in the East, Men in the West? 147 Chapter 8 Eunuchs in the East, Men in the West? Dis/unity, Gender and Orientalism in the Fourth Century Shaun Tougher Introduction In the narrative of relations between East and West in the Roman Empire in the fourth century AD, the tensions between the eastern and western imperial courts at the end of the century loom large. The decision of Theodosius I to “split” the empire between his young sons Arcadius and Honorius (the teenage Arcadius in the east and the ten-year-old Honorius in the west) ushered in a period of intense hostility and competition between the courts, famously fo- cused on the figure of Stilicho.1 Stilicho, half-Vandal general and son-in-law of Theodosius I (Stilicho was married to Serena, Theodosius’ niece and adopted daughter), had been left as guardian of Honorius, but claimed guardianship of Arcadius too and concomitant authority over the east. In the political manoeu- vrings which followed the death of Theodosius I in 395, Stilicho was branded a public enemy by the eastern court. In the war of words between east and west a key figure was the (probably Alexandrian) poet Claudian, who acted as a ‘pro- pagandist’ (through panegyric and invective) for the western court, or rather Stilicho. Famously, Claudian wrote invectives on leading officials at the eastern court, namely Rufinus the praetorian prefect and Eutropius, the grand cham- berlain (praepositus sacri cubiculi), who was a eunuch. It is Claudian’s two at- tacks on Eutropius that are the inspiration and central focus of this paper which will examine the significance of the figure of the eunuch for the topic of the end of unity between east and west in the Roman Empire. -
Hadrian and the Greek East
HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way. -
Valerius Maximus on Vice: a Commentary of Facta Et Dicta
Valerius Maximus on Vice: A Commentary on Facta et Dicta Memorabilia 9.1-11 Jeffrey Murray University of Cape Town Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Studies) in the School of Languages and Literatures University of Cape Town June 2016 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Abstract The Facta et Dicta Memorabilia of Valerius Maximus, written during the formative stages of the Roman imperial system, survives as a near unique instance of an entire work composed in the genre of Latin exemplary literature. By providing the first detailed historical and historiographical commentary on Book 9 of this prose text – a section of the work dealing principally with vice and immorality – this thesis examines how an author employs material predominantly from the earlier, Republican, period in order to validate the value system which the Romans believed was the basis of their world domination and to justify the reign of the Julio-Claudian family. By detailed analysis of the sources of Valerius’ material, of the way he transforms it within his chosen genre, and of how he frames his exempla, this thesis illuminates the contribution of an often overlooked author to the historiography of the Roman Empire. -
Wars and Battles of Ancient Rome
Wars and Battles of Ancient Rome Battle summaries are from Harbottle's Dictionary of Battles, published by Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1904. Rise of Rome—753 to 3911 B.C. The rise of Rome from a small Latin city to the dominant power in Italy Battle of Description Sabines According to legend, a year after the Romans kidnapped their wives from the neighboring Sabines, the (Kingdom) tribes returned to take vengeance. The fighting however, was stopped by the young wives who ran in B.C. 750 between the warring parties and begged that their fathers, brothers and husbands cease making war upon each other. The Sabine and Roman tribes were henceforth united. Alba Longa After a long siege, Alba was finally taken by strategm. With the fall of Alba, its father-city, Rome was (Kingdom) the undisputed leading city of the Latins. The inhabitants of Alba were resettled in Rome on the caelian B.C. 650 Hill. Sublican Lars Porsenna, king of Clusium was marching toward Rome, planning to restore the exiled Tarquins to Bridge the Roman throne. As his army descended on Rome from the opposite side of the Tiber, roman soldiers (Tarquinii) worked furiously to destroy the wooden bridge. Horatius and two other soldiers single-handedly fended B.C. 509 off Porsenna's army until the bridge could be destroyed. Lake Regillus Fought B.C. 497, the first authentic date in the history of Rome. The details handed down, however, (Tarquinii) belong to the domain of legend rather than to that of history. According to the chroniclers, this was the B.C. -
The Crisis and Collapse of the Roman Empire
The Crisis and Collapse of the Roman Empire The Crisis and Collapse of the Roman Empire Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) The Crisis and Collapse of the Roman Empire The capture of Rome by the Vandals Source: Karl Bryullo, Zdobycie Rzymu przez Wandalów, between 1833 and 1836, Tretyakov Gallery, licencja: CC 0. Link to the lesson You will learn to define the causes of the crisis of the Roman Empire in the third century CE; telling who was Diocletian and what he did to end the crisis; to describe when was the Roman Empire divided into the East and West Empires; to define what was the Migration Period and how did it influence the collapse of the Western Roman Empire; to define at what point in history the Antiquity ended and the Middle Ages started. Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie abstraktu The period of “Roman Peace”, ushered in by Emperor Augustus, brought the Empire peace and prosperity. Halfway through the second century CE the Roman Empire reached the peak of its power and greatness. The provinces thrived, undergoing the process of romanization, i.e. the spread of Roman models and customs. It was, however, not an easy task to maintain peace and power in such a large area. In order to keep the borders safe, the construction of the border fortification system, known as the limes was undertaken. Its most widely‐known portion – the over 120 kilometer‐long Hadrian’s Wall – is still present in Britain. That notwithstanding, the Empire was facing ever greater inner problems. The bust of Emperor Augustus Source: Augustus Bevilacqua, Glyptothek, Munich, licencja: Especially in the third century, the state’s CC 0. -
ROMAN POLITICS DURING the JUGURTHINE WAR by PATRICIA EPPERSON WINGATE Bachelor of Arts in Education Northeastern Oklahoma State
ROMAN POLITICS DURING THE JUGURTHINE WAR By PATRICIA EPPERSON ,WINGATE Bachelor of Arts in Education Northeastern Oklahoma State University Tahlequah, Oklahoma 1971 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS May, 1975 SEP Ji ·J75 ROMAN POLITICS DURING THE JUGURTHINE WAR Thesis Approved: . Dean of the Graduate College 91648 ~31 ii PREFACE The Jugurthine War occurred within the transitional period of Roman politics between the Gracchi and the rise of military dictators~ The era of the Numidian conflict is significant, for during that inter val the equites gained political strength, and the Roman army was transformed into a personal, professional army which no longer served the state, but dedicated itself to its commander. The primary o~jec tive of this study is to illustrate the role that political events in Rome during the Jugurthine War played in transforming the Republic into the Principate. I would like to thank my adviser, Dr. Neil Hackett, for his patient guidance and scholarly assistance, and to also acknowledge the aid of the other members of my counnittee, Dr. George Jewsbury and Dr. Michael Smith, in preparing my final draft. Important financial aid to my degree came from the Dr. Courtney W. Shropshire Memorial Scholarship. The Muskogee Civitan Club offered my name to the Civitan International Scholarship Selection Committee, and I am grateful for their ass.istance. A note of thanks is given to the staff of the Oklahoma State Uni versity Library, especially Ms. Vicki Withers, for their overall assis tance, particularly in securing material from other libraries. -
What the Romans Knew Piero Scaruffi Copyright 2018 • Part II
What the Romans knew Piero Scaruffi Copyright 2018 http://www.scaruffi.com/know • Part II 1 What the Romans knew Archaic Roma Capitolium Forum 2 (Museo della Civiltà Romana, Roma) What the Romans Knew • Greek! – Wars against Carthage resulted in conquest of the Phoenician and Greek civilizations – Greek pantheon (Zeus=Jupiter, Juno = Hera, Minerva = Athena, Mars= Ares, Mercury = Hermes, Hercules = Heracles, Venus = Aphrodite,…) – Greek city plan (agora/forum, temples, theater, stadium/circus) – Beginning of Roman literature: the translation and adaptation of Greek epic and dramatic poetry (240 BC) – Beginning of Roman philosophy: adoption of Greek schools of philosophy (155 BC) – Roman sculpture: Greek sculpture 3 What the Romans Knew • Greek! – Greeks: knowing over doing – Romans: doing over knowing (never translated Aristotle in Latin) – “The day will come when posterity will be amazed that we remained ignorant of things that will to them seem so plain” (Seneca, 1st c AD) – Impoverished mythology – Indifference to metaphysics – Pragmatic/social religion (expressing devotion to the state) 4 What the Romans Knew • Greek! – Western civilization = the combined effect of Greece's construction of a new culture and Rome's destruction of all other cultures. 5 What the Romans Knew • The Mediterranean Sea (Mare Nostrum) – Rome was mainly a sea power, an Etruscan legacy – Battle of Actium (31 BC) created the “mare nostrum”, a peaceful, safe sea for trade and communication – Disappearance of piracy – Sea routes were used by merchants, soldiers, -
Cultural History of the Lunar and Solar Eclipse in the Early Roman Empire
Cultural History of the Lunar and Solar Eclipse in the Early Roman Empire Richard C. Carrier The regularity and consistency of human imagination may be first displayed in the beliefs connected with eclipses. It is well known that these phenomena, to us now crucial instances of the exactness of natural laws, are, throughout the lower stages of civilization, the very embodiment of miraculous disaster.1 Fifteen hundred years have not yet passed since Greece numbered and named the stars and yet many nations today only know the heavens by their appearance, and do not yet understand why the moon fails or how it is overshadowed.2 More than fifteen hundred years separates these two remarks. Each reveals a gulf between the learned and unlearned, but for Tylor it is a contrast between today and long ago, or here and far away, while for Seneca it is a contrast between the wise and the vulgar, who live in the same time and place. For the lunar and solar eclipse is a phenomenon where the strongest and clearest divide appears between the educated Roman and the common multitude. In contrast with almost everything else in Roman experience, from earthquakes to disease, eclipses of sun and moon can be understood in their entirety, and explained with mathematical precision, without the aid of advanced technology or modern scientific methods. But to those who lacked the encouragement to employ careful observation and physical explanation, and who lacked the breadth of information available to the literate, the eclipse was the most awesome and dire event in human experience. -
Art for the Court: a New Interpretation of Gerard De Lairesse's
TIM LUBBERS Art for the Court: A new interpretation of Gerard de Lairesse’s paintings for the Court of Appeal of Holland (1688-1689) Gerard de Lairesse (1640-1711), once one of the most popular Netherlandish painters, is little known today, largely as a consequence of the vilifijication to which he and his work were subjected in the nineteenth and early twentieth century.1 In recent years, happily, his oeuvre has experienced a revival, culminating in Eindelijk! De Lairesse in the Rijksmuseum Twente, the fijirst exhibition ever devoted to him.2 With his distinctive classicist style reflecting Raphael and French classicists like Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665), De Lairesse, who came from Luik, was a prominent fijigure in Netherlandish painting in the period of 1660-1690. In the sixteen-eighties, at the height of his career, he was awarded prestigious commissions by Stadholder William III of Orange (1650-1702), among them ceiling paintings and works for his private apartments in Soestdijk Palace, but he also worked for Amsterdam merchants and patricians like Philips de Flines (1640-1700) and Andries de Graafff (1611-1678). The loss of his sight at the end of 1689 meant that he could no longer paint, but he reinvented himself as a creditable art theoretician. Regrettably, the impressive classicist decorations De Lairesse made in 1688-1689 for the civil council chamber of the Court of Appeal of Holland, Zeeland and West-Friesland (the ‘Hof van Holland’) did not appear in the exhibition. Being one of his few cycles that are still in situ, in what is now known as the ‘Lairesse Room’ in the Dutch parliamentary buildings at the Binnenhof, they can be described as De Lairesse’s most prestigious commission (fijig. -
West Asian Geopolitics and the Roman Triumph A
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Parading Persia: West Asian Geopolitics and the Roman Triumph A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Carly Maris September 2019 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Michele Salzman, Chairperson Dr. Denver Graninger Dr. Thomas Scanlon Copyright by Carly Maris 2019 The Dissertation of Carly Maris is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements Thank you so much to the following people for your continued support: Dan (my love), Mom, Dad, the Bellums, Michele, Denver, Tom, Vanessa, Elizabeth, and the rest of my friends and family. I’d also like to thank the following entities for bringing me joy during my time in grad school: The Atomic Cherry Bombs, my cats Beowulf and Oberon, all the TV shows I watched and fandoms I joined, and my Twitter community. iv ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Parading Persia: West Asian Geopolitics and The Roman Triumph by Carly Maris Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in History University of California, Riverside, September 2019 Dr. Michele Salzman, Chairperson Parading Persia: West Asian Geopolitics and the Roman Triumph is an investigation into East-West tensions during the first 500 years of Roman expansion into West Asia. The dissertation is divided into three case studies that: (1) look at local inscriptions and historical accounts to explore how three individual Roman generals warring with the dominant Asian-Persian empires for control over the region negotiated -
The Fleets of the First Punic War Author(S): W
The Fleets of the First Punic War Author(s): W. W. Tarn Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 27 (1907), pp. 48-60 Published by: The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/624404 . Accessed: 24/02/2013 08:32 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Hellenic Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded on Sun, 24 Feb 2013 08:32:00 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE FLEETS OF THE FIRST PUNIC WAR. ACCORDINGto Polybius, there took part in the battle of Ecnomus 680 quinqueremes and 290,000 men, i.e. crews 204,000 and troops 86,000; while in the next year, at the battle of the Hermaean promontory, 550 quiuqueremes were engaged. The only figures comparable to these in Roman history, manifest absurdities apart, are those given by Appian for the battle of Naulochus, and perhaps those for Actiumrn. At Naulochus 300 ships of all sizes are said to have been in action on either side, and no doubt Agrippa's fleet, at any rate, did amount to this large number1; while at Actium Octavian may have had anything up to 400.2 But in Octavian's time the population of all Italy may have been 7 to 8 millions 3; the Mediterranean was almost a Roman lake, and its entire resources went to furnish the fleets for the civil wars. -
Szöveg És Hagyomány I
SZÖVEG ÉS HAGYOMÁNY I. 2 SZÖVEG ÉS HAGYOMÁNY TANULMÁNYOK VÁLOGATÁS A X. MAGYAR ÓKORTUDOMÁNYI KONFERENCIÁN ELHANGZOTT DOKTORANDUSZ –ELŐADÁSOKBÓL I. szerkesztette TAKÁCS LÁSZLÓ PÁZMÁNY PÉTER KATOLIKUS EGYETEM BÖLCSÉSZET - ÉS TÁRSADALOMTUDOMÁNYI KAR PILISCSABA 2013 3 A kötet a TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0014, ’TEHETSÉGTÁ- MOGATÁS A PÁZMÁNY PÉTER KATOLIKUS EGYETEM KILENC TUDOMÁNYÁGÁBAN’ című projekt támogatásával valósult meg. ISBN 978-963-308-043-6 Felelős kiaDó: Szuromi Szabolcs Anzelm PPKE BTK Klasszika–Filológia Tanszék © a szerzők, 2013 borító: Hollós János 4 TARTALOM LECTURIS SALUTEM 7 SOLYMOSI BENEDEK ΕΡΩΣ az Argonautika negyeDik könyvében: tragikus ihletés? 9 JÁRMI VIKTÓRIA A gens Fabia emlékezete: szöveg és hagyomány 35 TÉGLÁSY KATALIN Másképp monDott ima – egy exemplum háttere 49 5 LECTURIS SALUTEM 2012. május 23-a és 26-a közt került megrenDezésre a Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem Klasszika–Filológia Tanszéke és az ÓkortuDományi Társaság Piliscsabai Tagszervezete szervezésé- ben a X. Magyar ÓkortuDományi Konferencia. Az első konfe- rencia óta eltelt két évtizeDben a renDezvény a hazai ókortu- Dományi kutatások bemutatásának legfontosabb fóruma lett, amelynek egyre nagyobb számban résztvevői a Doktori iskolák hallgatói. Ez a kis kötet a konferencián részt vett fiatal kutatók Dolgozataiból nyújt át válogatást. A tanulmányokat összekötő ka- pocs, hogy témájukban valamennyien a klasszikus antikvitáshoz kapcsolóDnak. A kötetben iroDalmi, történeti, tuDománytör- téneti, papirológiai, szöveghagyományozás-történeti tanulmányok kaptak helyet. E tematikai, móDszertani sokszínűség fontos jel- zése annak, mennyire szerteágazóak a hazai ókortuDományi kutatások, s hogy a bölcsészettuDományokat a haszontalanság pellengérére állító hamis vélekeDések s az ezek következtében az egyetemi oktatásban megfigyelhető szomorú hanyatlás ellenére is van olyan fiatal tuDósgeneráció, amely szívügyének tekinti, szereti és megérteni igyekszik minDannyiunk közös és gazDag örökségét, a klasszikus ókort.