Index

Certain well-known Romans are indexed under their familiar names; others under their nomen, their main family name, e.g. Cicero, but his brother, Q. Tullius Cicero.

L. Accius 142, 146 Antony (M. Antonius the triumvir) Achaean League 32, 34, 36–7 69–71, 153, 159 M’. Acilius Glabrio, consul 191 33 L. Appuleius Saturninus 52–4 consul 67 62 aqueducts 21, 110, 113 aediles 17–8, 113–4, 125, 155 Arabia 159–60 L. Aelius Seianus 89, 104 Arausio 52, 146 M. Aemilius Lepidus, consul 78 architecture 43–4, 107–11 59–60 Ariminum (Rimini) 27, 30, 36 the triumvir 71–4, 99, 134 Armenia 61–2, 74, 160–1 L. Aemilius Paulus, consul 168 34 army Aeneas 13, 15, 147–8 under Augustus 70, 131, 160–4 aerarium (treasury, temple of Saturn) under kings 13 4, 11, 105, 163 under Republic 17, 22, 43, 52–3, Aetolian League 30, 32 83–4 Africa 5, 10, 26, 50–2, 68, 72, 89 aristocracy 17, 19, 21, 41 agrarian laws 43, 49–50, 52, 63–4 Arval Brethren 134 agriculture 43–4, 125–31 assemblies 16, 18, 41, 48–9, 57 and Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius 8, 10, see comitia 73, 75, 78, 81, 89, 101, 104, Athens 1, 10, 56, 58 108–9, 111 M. Atilius Regulus 26 Alba Fucens 89, 123 Attalus I of Pergamum 30, 32 AlexanderCOPYRIGHTED the Great 1–2, 10, 23–4 Atticus MATERIAL (T. Pomponius, Q. Caecilius) annales 15–16, 147–8 84, 87 T. Annius Milo 65–6, 99 augury 134–5 Antiochus III of Syria 31–3 Augustus (formerly C. Octavius, Antiochus IV of Syria 34 C. Iulius Caesar Octavianus) Antium (Anzio) 20–1, 127 after Caesar’s murder 70–1 M. Antonius, consul 99 143 as triumvir 71–6, 99, 162 M. Antonius, praetor 74 60 building 108–11, 141, 155 Index 193

constitutional and administrative Catullus, C. Valerius 102, 141, 143 arrangements 77–9, 111–15, censor(s) 17, 61–2, 120 161–4 census 17, 61, 83–7 court 81–3 centuriation 22–3, 36, 126 family 79–81 Cicero, M. Tullius 9–10, 61–5, 71, religious reforms 133–4 82, 84, 99–100, 119–20, 127, auxiliary forces 103, 161–2, 164 129, 132, 135, 139–41, 143, Aventine hill 17–8, 107 146, 148–9, 153, 163 circus entertainment 123, 157–8 Bacchanals 45, 104, 133 Circus Maximus 123, 151, 158 basilicas 108–9, 115 citizenship, Roman 49–50, 54–5, 57 baths 110–11, 152 Ap. Claudius Pulcher, censor 312 22, Bithynia 56, 60, 63 24 Bononia (Bologna) 36 M. Claudius Marcellus, consul 222 Britain 65, 160 105 Brundisium (Brindisi) 10, 27, 58, 72 Augustus’ adopted son 80 Cleopatra VII 68, 72, 74–6, 80 Caecilia Metella, mausoleum 154 clients 17–18, 41, 92, 100–1 Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, P. Clodius Pulcher 64–7, 101 consul 109 52–3 coinage Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius, consul 80 Roman 27, 29, 55–6, 71–2, 75, 60 77, 114, 117–8 M. Caelius Rufus 88, 110 other 54, 117–8 caementicium (concrete) 46, 150 collegia 65, 68, 101 Caesar , C. Iulius, the dictator 17, coloniae 20, 22, 27, 36, 50, 68 62–70, 80, 82–3, 99, 136, 148, comitia (centuriata) 16, 57, 83, 97, 155, 159 108 calendar 68, 102, 151–3 and see comitium 23, 106, 123–4 Fasti Concord 107 Camillus (Marcus Furius) 20 constitution of Republic 16–18, Campania/ Campanians 20–2, 25, 41–2 30, 59, 131, 156 of Principate 77–9, 111–5, 120 Campus Martius 23, 108, 112 consul(s) 16, 78, 113, 125 Cannae 27 contracts Capitol (Capitoline hill) 12–13, 49, private 116–7 53, 107–8, 122, 124, 155 public 120 Carthage 23–4, 36–7, 39, 50, 72, Cora 20 124 Corinth 32, 36–7, 39 Punic Wars 25–31, 36 Coriolanus, Cn. Marcius 20 C. Cartilius Poplicola 89–90 L. Cornelius Balbus, suffect 40 81, C. Cassius Longinus, the tyrannicide 102 69, 71–2, 99 L. Cornelius Cinna, consul 87 57–8 Castor (temple) 13, 105, 109, 135, L. Cornelius Scipio, consul 190 33 140 P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus, consul Catiline (L. Sergius Catilina) 63 205 30, 33 194 Index

L. Cornelius Sulla, consul 88 52, Romanum 12, 45, 105, 108–9, 54–9, 109 115, 153 Cumae 15–6, 73 forums outside Rome 124 Manius Curius Dentatus 24 freedmen/women 80, 82–3, 87, 92–5 Cyprus 65 frontiers 159–60 M. Fulvius Flaccus, consul 125 decemviri (law commisioners) 17 49–51 decemviri stlitibus iudicand is 114 funerals 79–80, 91–2, 153–4 D. Decimus Brutus 69–71 M. Decimus Brutus, the tyrannicide Gabii 136 69, 71–2, 99, 118 A. Gabinius, consul 58 62, 65, 95 Delos 35 Gaius Caesar, adopted son of dictator 17, 58, 69 Augustus 81, 109, 141 dining 40, 152–4 games (ludi) 134, 155–6 C. Duilius 26 Gaul, Cisalpine 27, 36, 43, 52, 64, 67 education 141–2 Transalpine 6, 8, 52, 60, 65–6, 68, Egypt 5, 24, 31, 63–4, 68, 74–6, 79, 103, 163 83, 88, 95, 149, 163–4 Gauls 15, 20–1, 23, 27, 33, 39 elections 16–17, 112 German bodyguards 83 empire Germans 52, 65, 107, 161 Roman attitudes to 40, 159–60 gladiators 105, 155–6 Q. Ennius, the poet 142, 144 grain, import and dsitribution 50, equestrian order 50–1, 53, 59–61, 63, 65, 68, 85, 113 64, 84–9, 93 Greek infl uence 15, 24, 139–43, Esquiline hill 12, 107–8 149–50 Etruria/Etruscans 13–14, 16, 20, 23, 54–5, 63, 102, 104, 138, 156–7 Hannibal 27–31, 33 Eumenes II of Pergamum 33–4 Helvetii 65 Herculaneum 91, 94, 96 Q. Fabius Maximus, consul 233 29 Hiero II of Syracuse 25, 29 Q. Fabius Pictor 147 A. Hirtius 70–1, 148 C. Fabricius Luscinus 24 holidays 151–2, 155–8 Fasti 102, 135–7 Horace (Q. Horatius Flaccus) 82, 86, and see calendar 89, 91–3, 102, 106, 120, 131, father, power of 80, 97–8 139, 141–2 festivals 137–8, 151–2, 155–6 Hortensia 99 fi des (good faith) 135 Hortensian law 23, 42 fi nance, public 27, 29, 162–4 C. Flaminius, consul 223 29 Illyria/Illyricum 27–9, 34, 64 Fortuna 136, 138 imperial cult 79, 101 Forum Augusti 107 Indians 1, 4–5, 7–9 Boarium 12, 23 inheritance 19, 47 Caesaris 107, 122 Isis 74, 104, 139 Index 195

Italian allies 22, 43–5 Lucretius (T. Lucretius Carus) 140, war of 54–8 143 C. Lutatius Catulus, consul 242 26 Jews (Judaea) 34, 62–3, 103–4, 133, Q. Lutatius Catulus, consul 78 60 139 consul 102 143 Jugurtha 51–2 luxury 41, 121, 152 -3 daughter of Augustus 80 Julia, daughter of Caesar 64, 66 Macedonia 23–4, 28–9, 31–4, 37–8, Jupiter Capitolinus, temple 105 40, 56, 71–2 macellum (market) 119 kings of Rome 12–13, 15–17 Maecenas, C. Cilnius 82 Magna Mater (Great Mother) 135 Q. Labienus Parthicus 72, 118 C. Manilius 62 land, public 17, 20, 43–4, 125–7 manufacture 121, 125 lares 138 manumission 92–3 Latin language 10, 13, 102 L. Marcius Philippus, consul 91 92, Latin colonies 20 106 Latins 13, 20–2, 43–5, 49, 54 Q. Marcius Philippus, consul 186 34 Iunian 93–4 C. Marius, consul 107 51–4, 56–7, Latium 13–14, 16 161 Lavinium 13 marriage 80, 97–8, 152 law, private 80, 94–5, 97–8, 116–7, Mars 107, 109 122 Masinissa 30, 36 public 41, 50, 59, 61, 115–6, 132 Massilia (Marseilles) 28, 35, 68 and see Twelve Tables mausoleum(s) 81, 89, 154 legions, see army Messana 25, 74 letter-writing 148–9 Metaurus, battle 30 L. Licinius Crassus, consul 95 81, Mithridates VI of Pontus 10, 55–6, 141 58, 60–3 M. Licinius Crassus, consul 70 60–1, Q. Mucius Scaevola, consul 95 141 63–4, 66, 108 Mutina (Modena) 27, 70 L. Licinius Lucullus, consul 74 58, 60–2, 64, 108, 159 Cn. Naevius 142, 147 Livia Drusilla, Augustus’ second wife Q. Naevius Sutorius Macro 89, 157 80, 94, 99–100 navigation 6–7 Livius Andronicus, poet 14, 142 navy, Roman 21, 25–6, 62, 164 M. Livius Drusus, tribune 91 54, 81 Neapolis (Naples) 15, 21, 102 M. Livius Drusus, tribune 122 50 “nobles” 41 Livy (Titus Livius) 148 Norba 20 local government 124–5 C. Lucilius, satirist 143, 152, 156 Octavia, Augustus’ sister 72–4, 80 M. Lucilius Paetus 89 Cn. Octavius, consul 87 57 Lucius Caesar, adopted son of M. Octavius, tribune 133 49 Augustus 81, 109, 141 L. Opimius, consul 121 51, 107 196 Index

Oscan language 13, 21, 54, 102 M. Porcius Cato, praetor 54 64 peoples 15, 58 Portunus, temple 65–6 Ovid (P. Ovidius Naso) 86, 89, praefectus urbi 114–5 113–4, 122–3, 135–6, 158 Praeneste (Palestrina) 13, 23–4, 58, 95, 102, 137, 144–5 Paestum (Poseidonia) 15, 123 praetor 17, 59, 113, 125 painting 23, 149 praetorian guard 83, 114, 163 Palatine hill 11–13, 82, 107, 135, priests 12, 52, 74, 133–4 158 C. Proculeius 82, 94 Parthia/ Parthians 5–6, 9, 56, 66, 72, proletarii 83–4 74, 159–60 Propertius, Sextus 102, 143 patricians 17, 19, 21, 41 Provocatio 17–18, 42, 44, 49 patrimony, of emperor 163–4 Ptolemy XII of Egypt 63–4 patrons 17–18, 21, 41, 79, 81, 92, Publilius Syrus 103, 143 100–1, 152–3 Puteoli (Pozzuoli) 88–9, 91, 96, 127, Pergamum 30, 32–4, 49, 149 139, 156 Perseus, king of Macedon 34 Pyrrhus, king of Epirus 23–4 Perusia 72 Philip V, king of Macedon 28–9, quaestio de repetundis (jury court for 31–4 recovery) 50, 52–3 philosophy 139–40 quaestors 17, 59, 85–6, 91, 114, pietas 132 125 Pietrabbondante 144–5 P. Quinctilius Varus 160–1 piracy 53, 60, 62 T. Quinctius Flamininus, consul 198 Placentia (Piacenza) 27, 36 32, 148 Plautus 142–4 plebs 17–21 C. Rabirius Postumus 81, 88 poetry 142–4 Regia 12 Polybius 20, 27–8, 39, 43, 141 Regulus, M. Atilius 26 Pompeii 55, 59, 91, 96, 121, 127, religion 64, 79, 152–9 138–9, 144 rhetoric 141–2, 149 Cn. Pompeius Strabo 55, 57–8, Rhodes 24, 33–5 102–3 roads/ road transport Cn. Pompeius Theophanes 81, 102 in city 121–2 Pompey (Cn. Pompeius Magnus) 58, outside 7–9 60–6, 68, 107, 118, 144, 155–6, and see Via 159 Rome, administration 111–5 Sex. Pompeius, his son 67, 72–4, construction and topography 80 12–13, 21, 43–4, 105–11 pontifex maximus 12, 74, 133–4 population 45 populus Romanus 83–104 Romulus 12, 15, 135–6, 147 populares 48–54, 62, 65 Rostra 106, 109, 153 M. Porcius Cato, consul 195 (the censor) 36, 40, 44, 128–9, 141, Saepta (voting enclosures) 108, 112, 148 123 Index 197

Sallust (C. Sallustius Crispus) 148 Tarquinius Superbus 16 Samnites 13, 21, 23, 57–8 taxation 64, 117, 162–4 Samos 1, 5, 9–10 technology 150–1 Sardinia 25–7, 104 Terence (P. Terentius Afer) 142 satire 143 M. Terentius Varro 129–30, 143 sculpture 127, 149 theatre(s) 98–9, 108, 122, 142–7, secessio of plebs 17–18, 21 155–6 C. Sempronius Gracchus, tribune Tiberius, emperor (Ti. Iulius Caesar, 123 50–1, 141, 148 formerly Ti. Claudius Nero) 78, Ti. Sempronius Gracchus, tribune 82–3, 89, 91, 115, 127, 159, 133 49, 51, 141, 148 163 senate 15, 17–18, 41–2, 54, 59, Tibur (Tivoli) 13, 144 84–6, 112–3 Timaeus 147 senate-house 108–9 tombs 89, 107–8, 154 senatus consultum ultimum 51 and see mausoleum(s) Q. Sertorius 58, 60 Trasimene, battle 27 Servilia 99 tribunes of the plebs 17–18, 42, 44, C. Servilius Glaucia, praetor 100 53 59, 61–2, 114 P. Servilius Rullus 63, 130 tribunicia potestas (of emperor) 78, ‘Servian’ Wall 21, 23, 106–7 114 Servius Tullius 146 tribus (voting district) 92, 101 shops, see tabernae triumphs 64, 154–5 Sicily 24–30, 44, 61, 72–4 triumvir capitalis 114 slaves 34, 44, 60, 74, 87, 92–6, Q. Tullius Cicero 10, 95, 100, 149 121–2, 129–31 Twelve Tables 18, 107 C. Sosius 75, 93 Sex. Sotidius Strabo 8 Umbria(ns) 13, 24, 54–5, 102 Spain 27–30, 35–6, 43, 60–1, 68, 72, 124 L. Valerius Flaccus, consul 86 58 Sparta 32, 36 Vedius Pollio 87, 89 Spartacus 60 Veii 18–19, 126 Sperlonga 127–8, 130 P. Ventidius Bassus 72 T. Statilius Taurus 82, 156 C. Verres, praetor 74 61 stockbreeding 43–4, 87, 125, 128, M. Verrius Flaccus 102, 137 130 Via Aemilia 36 Subura 107, 121 Appia 22 P. Sulpicius, tribune 88 56–7 Domitia 7–8 Syracuse 25–6, 105 Egnatia 8, 72 Flaminia 27 tabernae (shops) 119–21 Salaria 89 in Forum Romanum 108–9, 119 Valeria 22 Tacitus 15, 77, 115, 148–9, 164 vicus (street, ward) 101, 114, 121, Taras (Tarentum) 15, 23–4, 30, 73, 138 142 vigiles (fi re-watch) 113, 115 Tarquinius Priscus 155 villas 13, 126–31 198 Index

Virgil (P. Vergilius Maro) 82, 93, women, activities, status 97–100, 112, 131, 143 153–4 virtus 41, 82 Vitruvius 124, 149–50 Zama, battle 31 Volscians 13, 20, 104 Zeugma 5