A Review of Corruption Based on the Social and Economic Evolution of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
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Index Certain well-known Romans are indexed under their familiar names; others under their nomen, their main family name, e.g. Cicero, but his brother, Q. Tullius Cicero. L. Accius 142, 146 Antony (M. Antonius the triumvir) Achaean League 32, 34, 36–7 69–71, 153, 159 M’. Acilius Glabrio, consul 191 33 L. Appuleius Saturninus 52–4 consul 67 62 aqueducts 21, 110, 113 aediles 17–8, 113–4, 125, 155 Arabia 159–60 L. Aelius Seianus 89, 104 Arausio 52, 146 M. Aemilius Lepidus, consul 78 architecture 43–4, 107–11 59–60 Ariminum (Rimini) 27, 30, 36 the triumvir 71–4, 99, 134 Armenia 61–2, 74, 160–1 L. Aemilius Paulus, consul 168 34 army Aeneas 13, 15, 147–8 under Augustus 70, 131, 160–4 aerarium (treasury, temple of Saturn) under kings 13 4, 11, 105, 163 under Republic 17, 22, 43, 52–3, Aetolian League 30, 32 83–4 Africa 5, 10, 26, 50–2, 68, 72, 89 aristocracy 17, 19, 21, 41 agrarian laws 43, 49–50, 52, 63–4 Arval Brethren 134 agriculture 43–4, 125–31 assemblies 16, 18, 41, 48–9, 57 and Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius 8, 10, see comitia 73, 75, 78, 81, 89, 101, 104, Athens 1, 10, 56, 58 108–9, 111 M. Atilius Regulus 26 Alba Fucens 89, 123 Attalus I of Pergamum 30, 32 AlexanderCOPYRIGHTED the Great 1–2, 10, 23–4 Atticus MATERIAL (T. Pomponius, Q. Caecilius) annales 15–16, 147–8 84, 87 T. Annius Milo 65–6, 99 augury 134–5 Antiochus III of Syria 31–3 Augustus (formerly C. -
University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan LINDA JANE PIPER 1967
This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66-15,122 PIPER, Linda Jane, 1935- A HISTORY OF SPARTA: 323-146 B.C. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1966 History, ancient University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan LINDA JANE PIPER 1967 All Rights Reserved A HISTORY OF SPARTA: 323-1^6 B.C. DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Linda Jane Piper, A.B., M.A. The Ohio State University 1966 Approved by Adviser Department of History PREFACE The history of Sparta from the death of Alexander in 323 B.C; to the destruction of Corinth in 1^6 B.C. is the history of social revolution and Sparta's second rise to military promi nence in the Peloponnesus; the history of kings and tyrants; the history of Sparta's struggle to remain autonomous in a period of amalgamation. It is also a period in Sparta's history too often neglected by historians both past and present. There is no monograph directly concerned with Hellenistic Sparta. For the most part, this period is briefly and only inci dentally covered in works dealing either with the whole history of ancient Sparta, or simply as a part of Hellenic or Hellenistic 1 2 history in toto. Both Pierre Roussel and Eug&ne Cavaignac, in their respective surveys of Spartan history, have written clear and concise chapters on the Hellenistic period. Because of the scope of their subject, however, they were forced to limit them selves to only the most important events and people of this time, and great gaps are left in between. -
The Roman Republic S
P1: IML/SPH P2: IML/SPH QC: IML/SPH T1: IML CB598-FM CB598-Flower-v3 August 26, 2003 18:47 The Cambridge Companion to THE ROMAN REPUBLIC S Edited by Harriet I. Flower Princeton University iii P1: IML/SPH P2: IML/SPH QC: IML/SPH T1: IML CB598-FM CB598-Flower-v3 August 26, 2003 18:47 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru,UK 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Cambridge University Press 2004 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2004 Printed in the United States of America Typeface Bembo 11/13 pt. System LATEX 2ε [tb] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic / edited by Harriet I. Flower. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-521-80794-8 – isbn 0-521-00390-3 (pb.) 1. Rome – History – Republic, 510–30 b.c. I. Flower, Harriet I. dg235.c36 2003 937.02 – dc21 2003048572 isbn 0 521 80794 8 hardback isbn 0 521 00390 3 paperback iv P1: IML/SPH P2: IML/SPH QC: IML/SPH T1: IML CB598-FM CB598-Flower-v3 August 26, 2003 18:47 Contents S List of Illustrations and Maps page vii List of Contributors ix Preface xv Introduction 1 HARRIET I. -
![World History--Part 1. Teacher's Guide [And Student Guide]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/1845/world-history-part-1-teachers-guide-and-student-guide-2081845.webp)
World History--Part 1. Teacher's Guide [And Student Guide]
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 462 784 EC 308 847 AUTHOR Schaap, Eileen, Ed.; Fresen, Sue, Ed. TITLE World History--Part 1. Teacher's Guide [and Student Guide]. Parallel Alternative Strategies for Students (PASS). INSTITUTION Leon County Schools, Tallahassee, FL. Exceptibnal Student Education. SPONS AGENCY Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Bureau of Instructional Support and Community Services. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 841p.; Course No. 2109310. Part of the Curriculum Improvement Project funded under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B. AVAILABLE FROM Florida State Dept. of Education, Div. of Public Schools and Community Education, Bureau of Instructional Support and Community Services, Turlington Bldg., Room 628, 325 West Gaines St., Tallahassee, FL 32399-0400. Tel: 850-488-1879; Fax: 850-487-2679; e-mail: cicbisca.mail.doe.state.fl.us; Web site: http://www.leon.k12.fl.us/public/pass. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom - Learner (051) Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF05/PC34 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Accommodations (Disabilities); *Academic Standards; Curriculum; *Disabilities; Educational Strategies; Enrichment Activities; European History; Greek Civilization; Inclusive Schools; Instructional Materials; Latin American History; Non Western Civilization; Secondary Education; Social Studies; Teaching Guides; *Teaching Methods; Textbooks; Units of Study; World Affairs; *World History IDENTIFIERS *Florida ABSTRACT This teacher's guide and student guide unit contains supplemental readings, activities, -
Elephants As Enemies in Ancient Rome
Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 32.1 January 2006: 3-25. Elephants as Enemies in Ancient Rome Jo-Ann Shelton University of California at Santa Barbara Abstract The ancient Romans enjoyed watching spectacles in which elephants were tormented or killed because these animals had been endowed with symbolic significance. They were identified as agents both of a hostile nature which threatened human security, and of the human military opponents which had challenged the Romans in the third century BCE. The purpose of this paper is to explore the identification which the Romans made between elephants and enemies and to propose that this identification caused them to view elephants as a particularly satisfying target for abuse. I will examine how ancient writers reflected, fostered and exploited the association of elephants with adversaries, and I will discuss how the ability to dominate elephants in an arena spectacle symbolized Rome’s ability to conquer, to civilize, and to bend both the natural and political worlds to its will. Keywords ancient Romans, elephants, animal domestication, domesticated species, animal spectacles, animal symbols, animal abuse, Hannibal, Pyrrhus, Lucretius 4 Concentric 32.1 January 2006 Introduction Throughout our history as agriculturalists and pastoralists, humans have divided animals into two categories: domesticated species, which we have valued because their easy management and dependably docile natures have enabled us to exploit them for food, clothing, labor, and companionship; and wild species, which we have been eager to exterminate because they consumed our food supplies, threatened our lives, or occupied land that we wanted to inhabit. Designation as a domesticated species has not guaranteed humane treatment for an animal, but it has brought food, shelter, protection from predators, and encouragement to reproduce. -
274To 146B.C
PUNIC WARS 274 TO 146 B.C. FIRST PUNIC WAR TO DESTRUCTION OF CARTHAGE ERA SUMMARY – PUNIC WARS The period of the Punic and Macedonian Wars was a critical one in Rome's history. At the dawn of the Punic Wars, in 264 B.C., Rome was master of Italy, but controlled no colonies or provinces outside of the Peninsula. She had neither a navy nor a merchant based economy. One hundred and twenty years later, she had entirely subdued both the Carthaginian empire in the west and the Macedonian empire in the east. She had provinces and allies throughout the Mediterranean and was the undisputed master of the seas. Although it took another century to expand and consolidate her power, by the end of the Punic Wars Rome had laid the foundation of an empire. The Punic Wars, which raged between the city of Carthage and Rome for over a century, were so named because the Carthaginians were of the Phoenician (or Punic) race. There were three Punic Wars, but the second was by far the most critical. The first Punic War lasted 24 years, involved many skirmishes, and was won primarily by perseverance. Rome gained a small amount of Carthaginian territory but never achieved a decisive victory. Carthage capitulated as much because of internal troubles as due to pressure from Rome. However, this war did much to establish Rome as a naval power. The best known Roman hero of the first Punic War was Regulus, and the best known Carthaginian heroes were Xanthippus and Hamilcar. The second Punic War was a great catastrophe for Rome and all of Italy. -
Satire's Censorial Waters in Horace and Juvenal*
Satire’s Censorial Waters in Horace and Juvenal* KIRK FREUDENBURG ABSTRACT This paper concerns the water imagery of two iconic passages of Roman satire: Horace’s guration of Lucilius as a river churning with mud at Sat. 1.4.11, and the transformation of that image at Juvenal, Sat. 3.62–8 (the Orontes owing into the Tiber). It posits new ways of reckoning with the codications and further potentials of these images by establishing points of contact with the workings of water in the Roman world. The main point of reference will be to the work of Rome’s censors, who were charged not only with protecting the moral health of the state, but with ensuring the purity and abundance of the city’s water supply as well. Keywords: satire; water imagery; censor; Horace; Juvenal; Callimachus; Statius Symbolic waters have been charted in nearly every genre of ancient poetry. Rivers and springs have long histories as literary symbols in antiquity, and the passages of Greek and Roman poetry that feature poets guring their verses and voices as waters of various kinds (everything from crashing oods to tiny drops of dew) are too numerous to count. Augustan poetry is particularly rich in waters that signify, and that serve to spell out and particularise the qualities of the poems in which they gure; some of the more famous of these waters course through the satires of Horace (the Sermones ‘Conversations’).1 Despite drawing inspiration from a ‘foot-going muse’ (musa pedestris), for whom Helicon’s springs are generically out of reach, Horace uses images of water on frequent occasions in his satires not only to describe the emotional and poetic habits of his Sermones, their clarity, metrical ow and so on, but to gure their moral purposes, and to cast aspersions on those other poets who write in ‘turgid’ and ‘unbounded’ ways that are suggestive of a failure of self-control (verbal, metrical, emotional and otherwise). -
Library Adelbert College Western Reserve University
Library of Adelbert College of Western Reserve University PRESENTED BY FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES DOWN TO 476 A.D, BY ROBERT F, PENNELL REVISED EDITION WITH PLANS AND COLORED MAP @!3~t~tt ALLYN AND BACON 1891 PREFACE. THIScompilation is designed to be a companion to the author's History of Greece. It is liopcd that it may fill a want, now felt in many high schools and academies, of a short and clear statement of the rise and fall of Rome, with a biography of her chicf men, and an outliilc of her institutions, manners. and religion. For this new cdition the book has been entirely rewritten, additioiial matter having bcen inti-oduced whenever it has been found licccssary to mect recent requirements. The penults of proper names have becn marked when long, botlr in the text and Index. ?'he Exarn- ination Papers given are introduced to indicate the present range of requirement in leading colleges. The maps and plans have bcen specially drawn and engraved for this book. The design 11as been to make them as clcar and open as possible; consc- quently, namcs and places not nientioned in the text have, as a rule, becn omitted. ROBERT F. PENNELL. GAIUS lULIUS CAESAR. ANCIENT ROME. CHAPTER I. GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY. TALY is a long, narrow peninsula in the southern part of I Europe, Lxtxern the 39111 and 46th parallds of north latitude. It is 720 nriles long from the Alps to its southern extremity, and 330 niiles broad in its widest part, i. e. from the Little St. -
Greece, the Hellenistic World and the Rise of Rome V. 1
CHAPTER 15 WAR AND SOCIETY j. e. lendon i. introduction Peloponnese stretches three ambitious fingers towards the coast of Africa. Taenarum is the middle cape, and the longest, a terror to mariners despite the pleading temple to Poseidon set upon its rocky tip. And in the years after the death of Alexander the Great, this crag redoubled its evil fame as a hiring fair for mercenary soldiers.1 Here that breed of ‘exiles, deserters, a congeries of evil-doers’ (Isoc. 8.44) awaited those who came to bid for their services, thrust into the sea as far from respectable hearths as geography allowed. And to Taenarum bidders came, for despite their dark reputation mercenaries were ubiquitous in the armies of the Hellenistic world: sometimes whole hosts were hireling, or nearly so; often mercenaries formed the corps in which most confidence was placed; rarely were they absent. Yet a mercenary arriving in Latium would despair of his reward. In the middle Republic, when the Romans traded a parochial sway in Italy for lord- ship of the Mediterranean world, they employed mercenaries only rarely. This contrast between the Greek world and Rome betrays the dissimilarity of their military cultures, the different ways Greeks and Romans thought about the nature of military prowess. The Hellenistic Greeks, although they valued inborn courage, were inclined to regard soldiering as a learned craft, while the Romans, although they accepted that there was much to learn about warfare, were more apt to think that fighting displayed inher- ited virtue. This disparity of outlook is a matter of delicate shading rather than stark contrast, but it has consequences for the evolution of military technique, the harmony of society and the incidence of war.2 ii. -
The Carthaginians 6Th–2Nd Century BC
The Carthaginians 6th–2nd Century BC ANDREA SALIMBETI ILLUSTRATED BY GIUSEPPE RAVA & RAFFAELE D’AMATO © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com Elite • 201 The Carthaginians 6th–2nd Century BC ANDREA SALIMBETI ILLUSTRATED BY GIUSEPPE RAVA & RAFFAELE D’AMATO Series editor Martin Windrow © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 )JTUPSJDBMCBDLHSPVOE HISTORICAL REPUTATION 9 $SVFMFYFDVUJPOT )VNBOTBDSJGJDF CHRONOLOGY 12 ORGANIZATION 16 $PNNBOE $JUJ[FONJMJUJB -JCZP1IPFOJDJBOT .FSDFOBSJFTBMMJFTBEWBOUBHFTBOEEBOHFSTPG SFMJBODFPONFSDFOBSJFTo/PSUI"GSJDBOTo*CFSJBOTo$FMUT /POJOGBOUSZUSPPQT$BWBMSZo$IBSJPUTo&MFQIBOUTo"SUJMMFSZ TACTICS 28 )FBWZBOEMJHIUJOGBOUSZ &WPMVUJPOPGNFSDFOBSZUBDUJDTJO1VOJDTFSWJDF*CFSJBODBWBMSZo$FMUT ARMS & EQUIPMENT 32 $BSUIBHJOJBO-JCZP1IPFOJDJBOJOGBOUSZBOEDBWBMSZ"SNPVS Shields 8FBQPOT /PSUI "GSJDBODBWBMSZBOEJOGBOUSZo*CFSJBOTUIF1P[P.PSPCVSJBMo#BMFBSJDTMJOHFSTo$FMUTo*OTJHOJB standards CLOTHING & PHYSICAL APPEARANCE 46 THE NAVY 48 SELECTED CAMPAIGNS & BATTLES 52 5IFDPORVFTUPG4BSEJOJB oc.#$ 5IFCBUUMFPG)JNFSB #$ 5IFNFSDFOBSZSFWPMU #$ SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 61 INDEX 64 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com THE CARTHAGINIANS 6th–2nd CENTURIES BC INTRODUCTION 5FSSBDPUUBNBMFIFBEGSPN Carthage was the greatest military power in the western Mediterranean $BSUIBHF UIDFOUVSZ#$5IJT world during the centuries of the Greek and Roman expansions, and used its SFBMJTUJDQPSUSBJUJNBHFPGB mighty fleet to build a commercial and territorial empire in North Africa, the $BSUIBHJOJBOOPCMFNBOPS Iberian Peninsula -
The Italians in the Second Punic War: Local Conditions and the Failure of the Hannibalic Strategy in Italy
THE ITALIANS IN THE SECOND PUNIC WAR: LOCAL CONDITIONS AND THE FAILURE OF THE HANNIBALIC STRATEGY IN ITALY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Michael P. Fronda, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved By Dr. Nathan Rosenstein, Adviser Dr. Timothy Gregory ____________________________ Adviser Dr. Barry Strauss Department of History ABSTRACT Rome’s victory in the Second Punic War paved the way for its conquest of the Mediterranean. Yet that victory is bound up with Hannibal's failure in Italy, even though he brought Rome to its knees in the early stages of the war. Previous explanations for the failure of Hannibal's strategy have tended to stress either the hopelessness of this strategy, because of the loyalty of Rome's Italian allies and their willingness to be integrated into the Roman system, or the success of Rome's counter-strategy of attrition, aimed at limiting allied revolts while wearing down Hannibal's forces. Previous scholarship, however, neglects an important dimension of the question of the failure of Hannibal’s strategy; that is, Hannibal’s failure as a diplomat to win over large numbers of Rome’s Italian allies and thus overcome Rome’s long-term strategic advantages. This dissertation looks at the Second Punic War from the perspective of the Italian states in order to explain why Hannibal did not gain more Italian allies. The dissertation is divided into four regional case studies and brings to bear literary, archaeological, numismatic, epigraphic, and topographic evidence. -
Hellenes and Romans in Ancient China (240 BC – 1398 AD)
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 230 August, 2012 Hellenes and Romans in Ancient China (240 BC – 1398 AD) by Lucas Christopoulos Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. We do, however, strongly recommend that prospective authors consult our style guidelines at www.sino-platonic.org/stylesheet.doc.