DOCSLIB.ORG

Activity and Rhythms in Roman Fora in the Republican and Early Imperial Periods

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Activity and Rhythms in Roman Fora in the Republican and Early Imperial Periods by Matthew C. Naglak A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Art and Archaeology) in the University of Michigan 2020 Doctoral Committee: Professor Nicola Terrenato, Chair Professor Mary T. Boatwright, Duke University Associate Professor Ian Moyer Professor Lisa Nevett Professor Christopher Ratté Matthew C. Naglak [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0473-3116 © Matthew C. Naglak 2020 To my family, for believing in me no matter where my path led ii Acknowledgements This project came together over many years and through many conversations with friends and colleagues. I would first like to thank my dissertation advisor, Professor Nicola Terrenato, not only for his advice on this work but also for the many scholarly opportunities he has provided me. Similar thanks go to the other members of my committee, Professors Christopher Ratté, Lisa Nevett, Ian Moyer, and Mary Boatwright, for their comments and contributions along the way. Countless faculty, staff, and students spanning multiple departments at the University of Michigan and elsewhere have influenced my thinking on the ancient world. I would like to give special thanks to my IPCAA cohort, Craig Harvey, Caitlin Clerkin, and Arianna Zapelloni Pavia. There is no other group of people I’d rather have spent the past seven years with. Thanks also to Troy Samuels, Katherine Beydler, James Faulkner, and Sheira Cohen for reading drafts of many of the chapters below as well as other publications over the years. And to Greg Tucker, Tyler Johnson, Paolo Maranzana, and Matteo Milesi, in the hope there will be even more beers at Neo in our future. Thanks to Victoria Moses, Scott Harlow, and Ashley Hahn for being willing to go sit in piazza spaces with me in Rome and watch the people go by. And to Rebecca Levitan, my oldest archaeology friend. Thanks to Elaine Gazda, Suzanne Davis, Dawn Johnson, and Alex Zwinak, each of whom made my time at Michigan a little easier in their own ways. And thanks to Jason Colman and Jon McGlone for the opportunity to enter the world of digital publishing and to gain skills for the next step of my career. iii This project marks the completion of my years in college and graduate school, and so I would like to thank Profs. David Fredrick, Alexandra Pappas, and Philip Stinson for their guidance and friendship over my time at the University of Arkansas and Kansas. Summers spent excavating at Gabii have been a joy over the past seven years, and I would like to thank all of those who made my time there an unforgettable experience. This is especially true of the many members of the topography team who have come and gone, each leaving their mark. Special thanks goes to Dr. Rachel Opitz for her mentorship and friendship; without her example and trust, I certainly wouldn’t be in the position I am today. I would like to thank Parrish Wright for supporting me and putting up with me through the ups and downs of graduate school. There is no one else I’d rather go through quarantine with on two separate continents. I love you. Finally, I would l like to thank my family for their support through my way-too-many years of school. Thanks to my grandparents, who saw me begin graduate school but passed away before I finished and were a constant source of love (and delicious food!) throughout my life. Thanks to my sister Elizabeth, who always had to deal with being the younger sibling yet will always be the first Dr. Naglak in the family and has helped me survive in Arkansas, Kansas, Michigan, and now Massachusetts. And last but certainly not least, my parents John and Kathryn Naglak, who trusted me to find my way in this crazy world and have always loved me unconditionally. I love you all. iv Table of Contents Dedication ii Acknowledgements iii List of Figures ix Abstract xiii Chapter 1 : Introduction 1 1.1 Vignette: Ann Arbor 1 1.2 Introduction 3 1.3 Structure of This Dissertation 12 Chapter 2 : Recent Applications of Urban Theory to the Roman City 17 2.1 Vignette: Siena 17 2.2 Introduction 21 2.3 Mertonian Middle-Range Theory 24 2.4 Rhythmanalysis 28 2.5 Middle-Range Theory in Studies of the Urban Environment 37 2.5.1 Architecture and Behavior in the Built Environment 38 2.5.2 Space Syntax and Visibility Analysis 44 2.5.3 Phenomenology and Sensory Studies of Urban Environments 48 2.5.4 Reader-Response Studies and Mental Mapping 54 2.6 Conclusion 60 v Chapter 3 : Textual Evidence for Activity in Roman Fora 63 3.1 Vignette: Campo de' Fiori 63 3.2 Introduction: Encounters in the Forum 66 3.3 Commerce 73 3.4 Paving the Forum with Shellfish: Elite and Non-elite Leisure, Busking, and Begging 85 3.5 Urban Warfare and Military Functionality 100 3.6 Punishment and Execution 109 3.7 News, Gossip, Omens, and Funerals 115 3.8 Gladiatorial Games, Rituals, and Other Events on the Roman Calendar 130 3.9 Slaves 135 3.10 Women and Children 140 3.11 Conclusion 149 Chapter 4 : Architectural Feature Types and Spatial Influence in Roman Fora 151 4.1 Introduction 151 4.2 Shaping the Piazza: Framework-feature Elements 154 4.2.1 Piazzas, Integration, and the Street Grid 154 4.2.2 Pavement 161 4.2.3 Looking Forward 169 4.3 Brief Remarks on Local-feature Elements 170 4.3.1 Evidence for Vegetation 172 4.4 Transitory-feature Elements 175 4.4.1 Temporary Barriers, Shade, and Other Structures 177 4.4.2 Animals 182 vi 4.4.3 Trash and Other Waste 184 4.4.4 Conclusion 186 Chapter 5 : The Rhythm of the Triumph 188 5.1 Vignette: Piazza di Santa Maria in Trastevere 188 5.2 Introduction 190 5.3 The Rhythm of the Triumph 191 5.4 Before, After, During 202 5.5 The Non-Elite Experience 207 5.6 Interregnum I 209 5.7 The Elite Experience 210 5.8 Interregnum II 212 5.9 The Circus Maximus: A Combined Experience? 213 5.10 Conclusion 216 Chapter 6 : The Evolving Rhythms of a Gabine Piazza 218 6.1 Vignette: Piazza San Calisto 218 6.2 Introduction: Seen from the Window 220 6.3 The Rhythms of Kinship (9th - 6th centuries BCE) 228 6.4 The Rhythms of the City (5th - 1st centuries BCE) 231 6.5 The Rhythms of Industry (1st century BCE - 5th century CE) 240 6.6 Conclusion: The Rhythms of Reuse (5th century CE - Present) 244 6.7 A Refrain 248 Chapter 7 : Conclusion 250 7.1 Conclusion: Liberty Piazza, Ann Arbor 250 vii 7.2 Postscript 253 Bibliography 254 viii List of Figures Figure 1.1: University of Michigan President Henry Tappan announces the attack on Fort Sumter on the courthouse lawn (image from the Washtenaw County Historical Society). 2 Figure 1.2: The Martyrdom of St. Agnes in the Roman Forum, in the year 303, under Diocletian 1864. Painting by Joseph Désiré Court (1797-1865). Oil on Canvas. Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rouen, France. 6 Figure 1.3: Screenshot from the Rome Reborn 3D reconstruction of the Roman forum (from www.romereborn.org). 8 Figure 1.4: Transformation of a hypothetical street grid into a network graph (after Jiang et al. 1999). 9 Figure 2.1: The shadow of the Torre del Mangia slowly moves across the Piazza del Campo over the course of a sunny August day (photo by author). 18 Figure 2.2: Looking southwest across the Piazza del Campo as it is set up for the palio (photo by Rebecca Levitan, July 1, 2018). 19 Figure 2.3: View of the center of the Piazza del Campo on the day of the palio (photo from Getty Images). 20 Figure 3.1: Campo dei Fiori in the morning, one of the most famous markets in Rome (photo from Wikipedia Commons). 65 Figure 3.2: Campo dei Fiori in the evening, one of the most famous dining and drinking locations in Rome (photo by author). 65 Figure 3.3: Full remains of the Fasti Praenestini, showing its nundinal letters on the left side (image from Wikipedia Commons). 78 Figure 3.4: Part of the “Forum Frieze” the House of Julia Felix depicting a market in the forum of Pompeii (image from Wikipedia Commons). 79 Figure 3.5: View of the Roman Forum, 1735, by Giovanni Paolo Panini. Oil on Canvas. Detroit Institute of Arts. 85 ix Figure 3.6: Roman game board inscribed into the steps of the Basilica Julia (image from Wikipedia Commons). 89 Figure 3.7: Map of the town of Norba, a member of the Latin League in 499 BCE, a Roman colony in 492 BCE, destroyed by Sulla in 82 BCE (map from Lackner 2008, 362). 93 Figure 3.8: Roman mosaic from Villa de Cicero (Villa of Cicero) in Pompeii on display in the National Archaeological Museum (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli) in Naples, depicting street musicians playing instruments often connected with the cult of Cybele (image from Wikipedia Commons). 96 Figure 3.9: Part of the “Forum Frieze” the House of Julia Felix in Pompeii, depicting people reading a banner across the front of the equestrian statues (Naples Archaeological Museum. Inventory number 9068). 121 Figure 3.10: Relief depiction the triumphal return of the Romans from the Arch of Titus (image from Wikipedia Commons). 122 Figure 3.11: Depiction of the riot in 59 CE between Nuceria and Pompeii from a fresco in the House of Actius Anicetus (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli, inventory.
Recommended publications
  • Journal of the Malta Historical Society

    Journal of the Malta Historical Society

    VOL. 3. No.2 1961. I I I JOURNAL OF THE MALTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY CONTENTS lJil!!f VICTOR F. DENARO, More lIowws in Valletta ] HARRISON SMITH, Relations between the Court ot St. Petl'/'.~/)//r# . lind the Court of the Grand Masten; at Jlalta !l P.BONAVEKTURA FIORINI O.F.M.Conv., La Chiesa cd il COllventll di San Paolo (/ Mare clei F1'lIti ,1lSrlO1'i Conventuali ... H THE EDITOR, l1ctivities of the Society 1!l Can. ANTH. ZAMMIT GABARRETTA, The Nomination oj JIgI': YilleenziJ Lohini to the SCI' of Mllltll ... .. 21· I G. CASSAR-PULLICINO, Antiehi Cibi Maltesi ... 31 KR. I,EOPARDI, .l1J1JOintlllent of II School ]laster ill 1-1.70 ... • .. ;'5:'5 Recent Pub!ications P. CASSAR, [)()elllllcnj.~ lI'1'itten on Wood during the PllIglle oj 1813 ill J/lIlta. (E.R.L.), p. ::3. - Rev. PHILIP CALLUS, The Rising oj the Priests (W.F'. Bellizzi), p. 59. - Rev.A. ZAMMIT GABARRETTA, The 'Prc­ .~ell tntio)) E,Tlllllilllltir)?1 aud N ml/,;n II tirnl of the Bish()!)i( of JI altll in the SCl'Cntcc1lIth lind Ei#htl'l'nth CCIlt?lrics (P. BOil. Fiorini. O.F.M.Conv.). J p. fiO. MALTA Giov. !'Ifu5cat & Co. Ltd. - P)'inters HlGl. ,------------------,---- Admin l\opal Single n' :AL SOCIETY. Wllibtrsitp of :malta l.ibrar!' The aD shillings, pay- able in ad'IJ 06162 All COl Progressive No. of Work I be addressed "to the Secr I~ requested. to send in thE No. of Volumes Comml mould be sent to the Edi Class Mark ry Kingsway, Valletta. Other i Friary (COl Oopies through the The fo available at 4/6 each:­ Remarks Vol.
  • 1 the Politics of the Arena

    1 the Politics of the Arena

    THE POLITICS OF THE ARENA 1 1 The Politics of the Arena Origin and Growth of Games The great games of the ancient Mediterranean grew out of religious holidays to become spectacular celebrations of the divine pantheon, events that not only called upon divine support to ensure continued prosperity for the state, but also offered an elaborate, formalized series of actions that encouraged, even required, the participation of an expanded human audience. These spectacles tended to follow a standard format of procession, sacrifice, and games. The procession, the first part of the festival, was, practically speaking, a means of conveying the worshipers, the officiants, and their implements of worship to the sacred space of the altar or temple. To enhance the ritual quality of the movement, the procession followed a specific, religiously significant pathway; the personnel were arranged in a specific order; the participants wore particular kinds of clothing, spoke or sang ritual words. These guidelines could involve sacrificial animals in the procession as well, who not only would be draped in wreaths or ribbons, to set them apart from “common” animals, to make them “sacred”, but also were meant to conform to certain kinds of behavior: they had to seem willing to approach the altar, and cult officials who accompanied them made sure of this. The procession was followed by the sacrifice. Sacrifice was the basic act of Graeco-Roman religion, establishing a positive relationship between deity and worshiper through the offering of a gift; this could mean the immolation of an animal, the pouring of a wine or oil libation, or setting cakes or flowers on the god’s altar for his enjoyment.
  • Dottorato in Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche E Storico-Artistiche

    Dottorato in Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche E Storico-Artistiche

    DOTTORATO IN SCIENZE STORICHE, ARCHEOLOGICHE E STORICO-ARTISTICHE Coordinatore prof. Francesco Caglioti XXX ciclo Dottorando: Luigi Oscurato Tutor: prof. Alessandro Naso Tesi di dottorato: Il repertorio formale del bucchero etrusco nella Campania settentrionale (VII – V secolo a.C.) 2018 Il repertorio formale del bucchero etrusco nella Campania settentrionale (VII – V secolo a.C.) Sommario Introduzione ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Storia degli studi sul bucchero rinvenuto in Campania ...................................................................... 8 1. I siti e i contesti ............................................................................................................................ 16 1.1 Capua .................................................................................................................................... 18 1.2 Calatia ................................................................................................................................... 28 1.3 Cales ...................................................................................................................................... 31 1.4 Cuma ..................................................................................................................................... 38 1.5 Il kolpos kymaios ................................................................................................................... 49 2. Catalogo
  • The Treasury, Debts, and Deaths

    The Treasury, Debts, and Deaths

    The Treasury, Debts, and Deaths The Treasury, Debts and Deaths A study of the Common Treasury of the Order of St John and its relationship with the individual Hospitaller in matters of debts and deaths based on Giovanni Caravita’s Trattato del Comun Tesoro The Treasury, Debts and Deaths A study of the Common Treasury of the Order of St John and its relationship with the individual Hospitaller in matters of debts and deaths based on Giovanni Caravita’s Trattato del Comun Tesoro Stefan Cachia A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts at the University of Malta, in part fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History May 2004 To Christine, her family and my family Declaration of authenticity I, the undersigned, Stefan Cachia, declare that this dissertation is my original work, gathered and utilized especially to fulfil the purposes and objectives of this study, and has not been previously submitted to any university for a higher degree. I also declare that publications cited in this work have been personally consulted. ______________________________ Signiture ______________________________ ______________________________ Date Name in Block iv Acknowledgements I am greatly indebted to all those who have supported me throughout the past five years I have been working the present dissertation. At times, I felt overwhelmed by the task, particularly when the exigencies of my full-time job drained my leisure time and energies. Various friends and colleagues, often unwittingly, spurned me to continue in my endeavour, notwithstanding the certain difficulties that I encountered on the way. My deepest gratitude goes to my tutor, Prof.
  • Reading for Monday 4/23/12 History of Rome You Will Find in This Packet

    Reading for Monday 4/23/12 History of Rome You Will Find in This Packet

    Reading for Monday 4/23/12 A e History of Rome A You will find in this packet three different readings. 1) Augustus’ autobiography. which he had posted for all to read at the end of his life: the Res Gestae (“Deeds Accomplished”). 2) A few passages from Vergil’s Aeneid (the epic telling the story of Aeneas’ escape from Troy and journey West to found Rome. The passages from the Aeneid are A) prophecy of the glory of Rome told by Jupiter to Venus (Aeneas’ mother). B) A depiction of the prophetic scenes engraved on Aeneas’ shield by the god Vulcan. The most important part of this passage to read is the depiction of the Battle of Actium as portrayed on Aeneas’ shield. (I’ve marked the beginning of this bit on your handout). Of course Aeneas has no idea what is pictured because it is a scene from the future... Take a moment to consider how the Battle of Actium is portrayed by Vergil in this scene! C) In this scene, Aeneas goes down to the Underworld to see his father, Anchises, who has died. While there, Aeneas sees the pool of Romans waiting to be born. Anchises speaks and tells Aeneas about all of his descendants, pointing each of them out as they wait in line for their birth. 3) A passage from Horace’s “Song of the New Age”: Carmen Saeculare Important questions to ask yourself: Is this poetry propaganda? What do you take away about how Augustus wanted to be viewed, and what were some of the key themes that the poets keep repeating about Augustus or this new Golden Age? Le’,s The Au,qustan Age 195.
  • The Gabii Project: Field School in Archaeology Rome, Italy June 16- July 20, 2019

    The Gabii Project: Field School in Archaeology Rome, Italy June 16- July 20, 2019

    The Gabii Project: Field School in Archaeology Rome, Italy June 16- July 20, 2019 About the Gabii Project We are an international archaeological initiative promoted by the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology at the University of Michigan. We have been excavating the Latin city of Gabii since 2007 in order to study the formation and growth of an ancient city-state that was both neighbor, and rival to, Rome in the first millennium BCE. Our research tackles questions about the emergence of zoning and of proper city blocks, street layouts and their relationship to city walls, definition of élite and commoner neighborhoods, development of monumental civic architecture, abandonment and repurposing of public and private areas, and much else, through the integration of spatial data, architecture and stratigraphy, and a wide variety of finds spanning from the Iron Age to the Late Roman periods. What you will learn • The archaeology of Rome and Latium, including guided trips to select sites and museums and off-site lectures • Excavation and interpretation of ancient Gabii • Digital, cutting edge recording techniques • Scientific processes, including environmental and biological analysis What is included • Program costs: $4,950 for first time volunteers/ $4,450 for returners. • Accommodations in vibrant Trastevere, Rome. • Insurance, equipment, local transportation, weekday lunches, select museum fees. • 24/7 logistical support. APPLY NOW! • Apartments include: kitchen facilities, washing machines, wireless internet. Fill out the online application at Not included: international flights http://gabiiproject.org/apply-now. Applications must be submitted by March 1st, 2019. Questions? Contact us [email protected] .
  • The Macella of Rome Introduction After All These Things Which Pertain

    The Macella of Rome Introduction After All These Things Which Pertain

    Author Susan Walker Author Status Full time PhD, University of Newcastle upon Tyne Nature of Paper Journal Article Journal Edition The School of Historical Studies Postgraduate Forum e-Journal , Edition Three , 2004 The Macella of Rome Introduction After all these things which pertain to human sustenance had been brought into one place, and the place had been built upon, it was called a Macellum. 1 So wrote Varro. It seems that almost every city and town with any pretensions to importance within the Roman Empire had, as part of its suite of civic amenities, a macellum. This building normally sat alongside the forum and basilica, providing a place in which a market could be held. Why then did Rome, the foremost and most populous city of the Empire, have only one, or very possibly two, at any one time? Why did it not form one of the sides to the Forum in Rome as it did in other cities? Was the macellum intended to provide the only market place for the entire population of Rome? These questions highlight the problems about the role of the macellum within the market and retail structure of the City of Rome. Macella Before discussing the problems raised by the macella in Rome it may be beneficial to give an overview of their development and to describe the buildings themselves. In her book, called Macellum, Claire De Ruyt 2outlines the problems and arguments related to the origins of the word and the form the buildings took. One part of the debate is to the origin of the word macellum itself, Greek, Latin or even Semitic beginnings have been advanced.
  • Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N

    Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N

    Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N. Purcell, 1997 Introduction The landscape of central Italy has not been intrinsically stable. The steep slopes of the mountains have been deforested–several times in many cases–with consequent erosion; frane or avalanches remove large tracts of regolith, and doubly obliterate the archaeological record. In the valley-bottoms active streams have deposited and eroded successive layers of fill, sealing and destroying the evidence of settlement in many relatively favored niches. The more extensive lowlands have also seen substantial depositions of alluvial and colluvial material; the coasts have been exposed to erosion, aggradation and occasional tectonic deformation, or–spectacularly in the Bay of Naples– alternating collapse and re-elevation (“bradyseism”) at a staggeringly rapid pace. Earthquakes everywhere have accelerated the rate of change; vulcanicity in Campania has several times transformed substantial tracts of landscape beyond recognition–and reconstruction (thus no attempt is made here to re-create the contours of any of the sometimes very different forerunners of today’s Mt. Vesuvius). To this instability must be added the effect of intensive and continuous intervention by humanity. Episodes of depopulation in the Italian peninsula have arguably been neither prolonged nor pronounced within the timespan of the map and beyond. Even so, over the centuries the settlement pattern has been more than usually mutable, which has tended to obscure or damage the archaeological record. More archaeological evidence has emerged as modern urbanization spreads; but even more has been destroyed. What is available to the historical cartographer varies in quality from area to area in surprising ways.
  • UPS Annuario Per L'anno Accademico 2003-2004 LXIV Dalla Fondazione

    UPS Annuario Per L'anno Accademico 2003-2004 LXIV Dalla Fondazione

    2015 - Digital Collections - Biblioteca Don Bosco - Roma - http://digital.biblioteca.unisal.it Università Pontificia Salesiana per l’anno accademico 2003-2004 LXIV dalla fondazione ROMA 2005 2015 - Digital Collections - Biblioteca Don Bosco - Roma - http://digital.biblioteca.unisal.it Università Pontificia Salesiana ANNUARIO PER L’ANNO ACCADEMICO 2003-2004 2015 - Digital Collections - Biblioteca Don Bosco - Roma - http://digital.biblioteca.unisal.it 2015 - Digital Collections - Biblioteca Don Bosco - Roma - http://digital.biblioteca.unisal.it UNIVERSITÀ PONTIFICIA SALESIANA ANNUARIO PER L’ANNO ACCADEMICO 2003-2004 LXIV DALLA FONDAZIONE ROMA 2005 2015 - Digital Collections - Biblioteca Don Bosco - Roma - http://digital.biblioteca.unisal.it Università Pontificia Salesiana Piazza dell’Ateneo Salesiano, 1 00139 Roma - Italia Tel. 06 872901 - Fax 06 87290318 - E-mail: [email protected] Elaborazione elettronica: LAS □ Stampa: Tip. Abilgraph - Via P. Ottoboni 11 - Roma (Maggio 2005) 2015 - Digital Collections - Biblioteca Don Bosco - Roma - http://digital.biblioteca.unisal.it Presentazione 2015 - Digital Collections - Biblioteca Don Bosco - Roma - http://digital.biblioteca.unisal.it 2015 - Digital Collections - Biblioteca Don Bosco - Roma - http://digital.biblioteca.unisal.it PRESENTAZIONE È continuato anche quest’anno l’impegno dell’Università nella elabora­ zione di una nuova cultura e di un nuovo umanesimo, come peraltro ha sol­ lecitato il Compendio della Dottrina Sociale della Chiesa, uscito nello scor­ so ottobre 2004. La misura alta delle culture e degli umanesimi è determinata dalla pro­ fondità dell’esperienza religiosa, dalla visione dell’uomo e della sua vicen­ da nel tempo; dagli atteggiamenti e dagli stili di vita degli individui e dei gruppi; dall ’organizzazione della vita sociale; dai processi comunicativi ed educativi.
  • Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C

    Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Bernard, Seth G., "Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C." (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 492. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Abstract MEN AT WORK: PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION, LABOR, AND SOCIETY AT MID-REPUBLICAN ROME, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard C. Brian Rose, Supervisor of Dissertation This dissertation investigates how Rome organized and paid for the considerable amount of labor that went into the physical transformation of the Middle Republican city. In particular, it considers the role played by the cost of public construction in the socioeconomic history of the period, here defined as 390 to 168 B.C. During the Middle Republic period, Rome expanded its dominion first over Italy and then over the Mediterranean. As it developed into the political and economic capital of its world, the city itself went through transformative change, recognizable in a great deal of new public infrastructure.
  • The Architecture of Roman Temples

    The Architecture of Roman Temples

    P1: JzL 052181068XAgg.xml CB751B/Stamper 0 521 81068 X August 28, 2004 17:30 The Architecture of Roman Temples - The Republic to the Middle Empire John W. Stamper University of Notre Dame iii P1: JzL 052181068XAgg.xml CB751B/Stamper 0 521 81068 X August 28, 2004 17:30 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, Australia Ruiz de Alarcon´ 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C John W. Stamper 2005 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2005 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typefaces Bembo 11/14 pt., Weiss, Trajan, and Janson System LATEX 2ε [tb] A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Stamper, John W. The architecture of Roman temples : the republic to the middle empire / John W. Stamper. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-521-81068-x 1. Temples, Roman – Italy – Rome. 2. Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (Rome, Italy) 3. Architecture, Roman – Italy – Rome – Influence. 4. Rome (Italy)
  • Discovering a Roman Resort-Coat: the Litus Laurentinum and The

    Discovering a Roman Resort-Coat: the Litus Laurentinum and The

    DISCOVERING A ROMAN RESORT-COAST: THE LITUS LAURENTINUM AND THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF 1 OTIUM* Nicholas Purcell St John's College, Oxford I. Introductory Otium - the concept of leisure, the elaborate social and cultural definer of the Roman elite away from its business of political and military power - is famous. We can see in Roman literary texts how the practice of otium patterned everyday experience, and how it was expressed in physical terms in the arrangement, on a large and on a small scale, of all aspects of Roman space. The texts likewise show that much of what we would regard as social life, and nearly all of what we think of as economic, belonged in the domain of otium. The complexities and ambiguities of this material have been much studied.2 Roman archaeology equally needs to be an archaeology of otium, but there has been little attempt to think systematically about what that might entail. Investigating the relationship between a social concept such as otium and the material culture that is the primary focus of archaeology must in the first place involve describing Roman culture in very broad terms. The density of explicit or implicit symbolic meaning, the organisation of space and time, degrees of hierarchy of value or prestige: it is at that level of generalisation that the archaeologist and the cultural historian will find the common denominators that enable them to share in the construction of explanations of Roman social phenomena. In this account, which is based on research into a particular locality, we shall have to limit ourselves to one of these possibilities.