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Names on Gallo-Roman Terra Sigillata (1St – 3Rd C

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Names on Gallo-Roman Terra Sigillata (1St – 3Rd C NAMES ON GALLO-ROMAN TERRA SIGILLATA (1ST – 3RD C. A.D.) Andreas Gavrielatos Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The University of Leeds School of Classics October 2012 !!" " !!!" " The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. @ 2012 The University of Leeds and Andreas Gavrielatos !#" " #" " Acknowledgements All good things are prodigies of small dreams. And small dreams only come to reality when big minds believe in them. I have been very lucky in my life, for big minds have been my teachers, they have believed in me and they have supported my dreams. I would never be able to reach this stage if I were not the student of Prof. Maria Voutsinou-Kikilia and Prof. Andreas Voskos, among many others of course. And I would not have started this course, without the guidance and the encouragement of Prof. Eleni Karamalengou and Prof. Stratis Kyriakidis. It was finally, just before I left the University of Athens when I received all the help I needed from my MA supervisors Andreas Michalopoulos and especially Dionysios Benetos, who has been a very good friend since then. I will always feel gratitude when I recall the first time I met my PhD supervisor Prof. Robert Maltby, on the very first day I visited the University of Leeds. Throughout my studies, he has always been present with his invaluable experience, his guidance, his thorough comments and his constant support, all of which make him a teacher and academic of the highest calibre. For the completion of my studies was of crucial importance the financial support I was granted by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) as part of the ‘Samian pottery industries of Roman Gaul’. Among the people involved in this project, I owe the most to Mrs. Brenda Dickinson, who was always there with a smile and keen to help me and answer even my silliest questions. I also need to thank Geoffrey Dannell, Michael Fulford, Alexandra Mullen and Allard Mees, for their support and comments. I am also grateful to the examiners of the thesis, Peter Kruschwitz, Penelope Goodman and Roger Brock, for their most valuable comments. There have also been people who contributed to this thesis just for always being (with patience, most important) there; they truly made more bearable the solitude which came with my research. First and foremost my family, so far and yet closer than ever before, Maria, Nikos, Yannis and Eleni. Then, the ‘family’ I found here: Dimitra and Thanos. Also, the friends I met in the Department of Classics, who made the University of Leeds to feel like home, Chrysanthi Demetriou (for her long talks), Samuel Gartland (for our long discussions with coffee) and Daisy Thurkette (for the mutual share of so many dreams). Finally, the friends I made here, N. Giannakeas, S. Dimitriadis, A. Fotoglou, E. Brooke, S. Francis, C. Maciver and C. Green. #!" " #!!" " Abstract The present thesis focuses on the examination of the names of potters on Gallo-Roman terra sigillata (AD 1st-3rd century). The names are discussed in relation to the bilingualism, the current trends in the studies of onomastics and the process of Romanisation in Gaul. From this perspective, the wider research context discusses first the way these names need to be viewed and examined. The examination of the names is based on their origin and when this is not clear, an etymology is suggested in order to determine the character of the name. Consequently, the names are classified according to their origin, period and area of attestation, and finally their morphology. The classification is explained for names which are problematic or whose classification needs justification and a commentary on these names is provided. The principles for this process are developed to cover the needs of this research and presented separately. A special focus is made on the use of Greek names, with regard to their use in the particular context. The binomial and trinomial stamps are examined in a separate chapter, in order to offer a closer look to the adaptation of the potters, as part of the indigenous population, to the Roman naming formulae. The names of this category are discussed firstly when they form groups of individuals with a same nomen. Secondly, the nomina and the cognomina used by the potters are discussed. The conclusions of this chapter also include the use or omission of the praenomina. Finally, frequent names and naming customs are discussed. This last chapter includes names obtained from numerals, from animal names, and some frequent formations and connotations. #!!!" " Abbreviations Abbreviations of names of classical authors and works follow or are more explicit than the Oxford Classical Dictionary. Names of journals follow or are more explicit than L’Année Philologique. Abbreviations to main works, which we refer regularly, are given to the Bibliography. ! 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents.................................................................................................1! List of Tables ........................................................................................................5! I.! Introduction ...................................................................................................6! I.1.! The corpus under discussion ................................................................................6! I.2.! Research Questions ...............................................................................................7! II.! Wider Research Context.............................................................................10! II.1.! The study of Onomastics ....................................................................................10! II.2.! The phenomenon of Bilingualism ......................................................................12! II.3.! ‘Translation names’ and ‘Assonance names’ ...................................................18! II.4.! The phenomenon of Romanisation ....................................................................21! II.5.! Conclusions ..........................................................................................................24! III.!Categorisation of the names .......................................................................25! III.1.! Principles of categorisation ................................................................................25! III.2.! Comments on the entries ....................................................................................27! IV.!Greek names.................................................................................................65! V.! The Latin naming formulae........................................................................71! V.1.! Introduction .........................................................................................................71! V.2.! Geographical categorization of duo and tria nomina .......................................72! V.2.1.! Tria nomina ..................................................................................................72! V.2.2.! Duo nomina ..................................................................................................75! V.3.! Discussion of the names ......................................................................................77! V.3.1.! Groups of potters with the same nomen.......................................................77! V.3.1.1.! Potters with the nomen Iulius...............................................................................78! The Iulii at La Graufesenque ..............................................................................................79! Iulii in other areas of Southern Gaul (Montans and Aspiran) ............................................82! Observations on the nomenclature of the Iulii of Southern Gaul .......................................84! The Iulii in Central Gaul.....................................................................................................87! The Iulii in Eastern Gaul ....................................................................................................88! V.3.1.2.! Potters with the nomen Flavius in Southern Gaul................................................89! V.3.1.3.! The frequency of the nomen Cosius in Southern Gaul ........................................93! V.3.1.4.! The scarce evidence of Claudii ............................................................................97! V.3.2.! Nomina .........................................................................................................98! 2 V.3.3.! Cognomina .................................................................................................114! V.4.! Omission of a name - duo nomina....................................................................135! V.5.! The use of praenomina ......................................................................................138! V.6.! Conclusions ........................................................................................................140! VI.!Popular stems and connotations...............................................................141! VI.1.! Numeral names..................................................................................................141!
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