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Achievers 1 WBCS (Main) Exam Paper – III Practice Set Answers with Explanation

1. (b) The statements 2 and 3 are correct. The from the Earth’s surface because we are Harappans cultivated wheat and barley, peas viewing them through thick layers of turbulent and dates and also sesame and mustard which (moving) air in the Earth’s atmosphere. were used for oil. However, the people 7. (a) The Upavedas (the auxiliary vedas) were cultivated rice as early as 1,800 BC in Lothal. traditionally associated with vedas: The Harappans were the earliest people to grow 1. Ayurveda (medicine) : Rigveda cotton. Rakhigarhi, estimated to be the largest 2. Gandharveda (music) : Samaveda Harappan civilization site located in Hisar 3. Dhanurveda (archery) : Yajurveda district of Haryana. This early Harappan 4. Shilpveda (craft) : Atharvaveda xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å settlement, considered bigger than 8. (b) We always see the same face of moon because Mohenjodaro, was listed among the 10 most it takes equal time for revolution around the endangered heritage sites in Asia. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å earth and rotation on its own axis. 2. (a) Asteroids are rocky debris of varying sizes 9. (b) Symbol of 5 great events of Buddha’s life orbiting the Sun. Most of the asteroids are Event Symbol small but some have diameter as large as 1000 km. There are millions of asteroids, many Buddha’s birth Lotus & bull thought to be the shattered remnants of The great departure Horse planetesimals, bodies within the young Sun’s (Mahabhinishkramana) solar nebula that never grew large enough to Enlightment (Nirvana) Bodhi tree become planets. The large majority of known First sermon Wheel asteroids orbit in the asteroid belt between the (Dhammachakraparivartan) orbits of Mars and Jupiter, or are co-orbital with Jupiter. Asteroids vary greatly in size, Death (Parinirvana) Stupa from almost 1,000 km for the largest down 10. (d) to rocks just tens of metres across. 11. (b) Ashoka has called himself ‘Devanampiya’ and 3. (b) The Pashupati is the only possibly male deity ‘Priyadarshi’ on his inscriptions. of Indus Valley Civilization, as depicted on ‘Devanampiya’ means the beloved of the Gods various seals. This deity is surrounded by 4 and ‘Priyadarshi means one whose appearance wild animals and this gives an indication that brings joy. These names are appropriate to it is Pashupatinath or a prototype of Lord Ashoka’s nature. The title of Devanampiya Shiva. The deity is surrounded by 4 animals and religious adherence of the Mauryan ruler viz. an elephant, a tiger, a buffalo and a to Buddhism was continued by Dasaratha. rhinoceros. Apart from this, there are 2 deers Dasaratha (252–224 BC) was Mauryan beneath the seat of the deity. The headdress Emperor from 232 to 224 BC. He was a of the deity has two horns. It wears as grandson of Ashoka and had succeeded his number of bangles and has a pectoral round father as the imperial ruler of India. Dasaratha the neck, and an inscription of seven letters is known to have dedicated three caves in the appears at the top. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Nagarjuni Hills to the Ajivikas. Three 4. (a) Existence of human life on Venus is highly inscriptions at the cave refer to him as improbable because Venus has extremely high ‘Devanampiya Dasaratha’ and state that the level of carbon dioxide in its atmosphere. caves were dedicated by him shortly after his 5. (a) accession. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å 6. (d) The twinkling of a star is due to the 12. (a) The eclipse of sun occurs when the moon atmospheric refraction of starlight. The comes between the sun and the earth. scientific name for the twinkling of stars is 13. (b) The Mauryan empire was divided into stellar scintillation (or astronomical provinces and the provinces divided into scintillation). Stars twinkle when we see them districts. Provinces during the Mauryan age 2 î¡ìÅ éôé 8– £z¢%Ä éôé 9  !vþöì¢Áºîû– 2020 xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å with their capital were: Uttarapatha-Taxila; 17. (b) The correct match list is: Dakshinapatha-Suvarnagiri; Prachya- Dynasty Capital Pataliputra; Kalinga-Tosali; Avantiratha-Ujjain. Chalukya of Anhilvad Ashoka appointed a representative in each Kalachuris of Chedi Tripuri province. The representatives were chosen for Parmaras of Malwa Dhara xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å their ability and not on the basis of birth or Chahmans of Sakambhari Ajmer high connections. They enjoyed considerable The Chalukya dynasty was an Indian royal freedom in the administration of their dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and provinces. central India between the 6th and the 12th 14. (b) Deimos is the satellite of Mars. Europa is the centuries. During this period, they ruled as satellite of Jupiter. Tethys is the satellite of three related yet individual dynasties. The Saturn. Titan is the satellite of Uranus. Kalachuris, also known as the Haihayas, were 15. (a) The correct match list of author and their an ancient people known from the Epics and works is: Puranas from 249 or 250 AD. Several Author Work xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å branches of the Kalachuris were settled in Sudraka Mrichhakatikam different parts of northern India. In the later Visakhadatta Mudrarakshasa half of sixth century AD, they ruled over a Kalidasa Vikramovasiya powerful kingdom comprising Gujarat, Bhavabhuti Uttara Ramacharita northern Maharashtra, and later then some Sudraka’s Michhakatikam (The Little Clay parts of Malwa. The Paramara. Their ancient Cart) is unquestionably a master piece in the capital was Chandrawati, situated 4 miles away realm of ancient Sanskrit drama. If we expect from Abu station. This Vansha evolves out literature of the time to faithfully represent from the Agni Kunda of Yagya on the Abu the age, then The Little Clay Cart has achieved this criterion more than any other plays of mountain.”ParajanMarithiParmar” means ancient Sanskrit tradition. The Mudrarakshasa “Vansha which defeats the enemy” hence it is called Parmar. In 973—1192, Chahmans of (“Signet Ring of the Rakshasa, the chief Sakambhari (Ajmer – Rajasthan) minister of the last Nanda king”), a historical xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å play in Sanskrit by Visakhadatta (4th century 18. (c) Moon is the satellite of Earth. Ganymede is CE) narrates the ascent of the king the satellite of Jupiter. Tritan is the satellite of Chandragupta Maurya to power in Northern Saturn. Titan is the satellite of Neptune. India with the aid of Chanakya, his Guru and 19. (d) In chronological order, Magadha dynasties are chief minister. Vikramovasiya (Urvasi Won Haryanks, Nandas, Mauryas and Sungas. Through Valor) is based on the old legend of Haryanka dynasty founded the Magadha empire the love of the mortal Pururavaas for the in 600 BC, whose capital was Rajagriha, later heavenly damsel Urvasi. Uttara Ramacharita Pataliputra, near the present day Patna. This (The story of ’s later life), depicts Rama’s dynasty lasted until 424 BC, when it was coronation, the abandonment of Sita, and their overthrown by the Shishunaga dynasty. The reunion. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Nanda dynasty was established by an 16. (c) Our solar system is located in the orion arm illegitimate son of the king Mahanandin of the of the milky way galaxy, about two-third of previous Shishunaga dynasty. Mahapadma the way out from the centre. The sun is about Nanda died at the age of 88, ruling the bulk 26,000 light-years from the center of the Milky of this 100-year dynasty. Chandragupta Way Galaxy, which is about 80,000 to 120,000 Maurya founded the Maurya dynasty after light-years across (and less than 7,000 light- overthrowing the reigning Nanda king years thick). We are located on one of its Dhanananda to establish the Maurya empire. spiral arms, out towards the edge. It takes During this time, most of the subcontinent the sun (and our solar system) roughly 200- was united under a single government for the 250 million years to orbit once around the first time. The Sunga dynasty was established Milky Way. In this orbit, we (and the rest of in 185 BC, about fifty years after Ashoka’s the Solar System) are traveling at a velocity death, when the king Brihadratha, the last of of about 155 miles/sec (250 km/sec). the Mauryan rulers. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Achievers 3

20. (c) Only two planets Venus and Uranus revolve was known as Majlis–i–Khalwat. They around the Sun from east to west while other consisted of the Sultan’s personal friends, planets revolve around the Sun from west to trusted officials and ulemas. Though the east. Sultan was not bound to accept their advices 21. (d) xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å yet often they exerted great influence on him. 22. (d) Continuous fall of tiny marine sediments on Very often, only one man was appointed to ocean floors is called marine snowfall. In the carry on the works of both the departments deep ocean, marine snow is a continuous of the religious endowment and charity and shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the department of justice. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å the upper layers of the water column. It is a 28. (a) Corals are mainly found in the tropical oceans. significant means of exporting energy from Corals need clean sediment free water. A coral the light-rich photic zone to the aphotic zone polyp has a sack like body and an opening below. encircled by stinging tentacles called cnidae. 23. (c) The coral polyp uses calcium carbonate from 24. (a) Jet stream is Rossby waves. Jet streams are seawater to build itself a hard skeleton and it fast flowing, narrow air currents found in the is this limestone skeleton that protects the soft atmospheres of some planets, including Earth. coral polyp. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å The main jet streams are located near the 29. (d) Namdev was a tailor. Kabir was a weaver. tropopause, the transition between the Ravidas was a cobbler. Sena was a barber. troposphere (where temperature decreases with Namdev of Maharashtra was a saint of altitude) and the stratosphere (where medieval India. He was not a servant of Lord temperature increases with altitude). The major Krishna, but His companion. Namdev was an jet streams on Earth are westerly winds Amsa (part) of Lord Krishna. Kabir (also (flowing west to east). xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Kabira) was a mystic poet and saint, whose 25. (c) The sultans who measured the land for fixing writings have greatly influenced the Bhakti land revenue were Alauddin Khalji, movement. The name Kabir comes from Arabic Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq and Muhammad bin al-Kabir which means ‘The Great’ – the 37th Tughlaq. There were four categories of land. name of God in Islam. Guru Ravidass Ji (also The first was the iqta. For the purpose of Raidas, Rohidas and Ruhidas in eastern India) administration and revenue collection, the state was a North Indian Guru mystic of the bhakti was parceled out into tracts called iqtas under movement who was active in the 15th century iqtadars on muqtis. Three types of land CE. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å revenues were levied from the farmers. Kharaj- 30. (b) Schist is a metamorph of Basalt. Diamond is e-Jiziya, Charai and Ghari. He got the whole a metamorph of coal. Marble is a metamorph land measured and then fixed the share of the of limestone. Slate is a metamorph of shale. state on the basis of a pattern called Vishva. 31. (d) Gulbadan Begum composed the Humayun According to Barni, Charai was levied from Nama. Ishwar Das Nagar composed Futuhat- cows and other milchy animals. Farishta states i-Alamgiri. Tahiya bin Ahmad composed that a pair of oxen, a pair of buffaloes, two Tarikhi-Mubarakshahi. Abbas Khan Sarwani cows and ten goats were free from the tax- composed Tarikh-i-Shershahi Gulbadan Begum net. In addition, Ghari was a less important was daughter of Mughal Emperor Babur, she tax which was levied from time to time on is the author of Humayun Nama, the account some special occasions. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å of the life of her half brother, Humayun. 26. (d) The temperature at its top is lowest over the Ishwar Das Nagar composed Futuhat-i- equator and relatively higher over the poles. Alamgiri which is history of Aurangzeb’s reign. 27. (d) The ministers during the sultanate period were 32. (b) Dolphin and challenger ridge are located in appointed and dismissed by the Sultan. There Atlantic ocean. The Dolphin ridge is in the was no council of ministers. The Sultans often North Atlantic Ocean and the Challenger ridge appointed and dismissed the ministers at his is in the South Atlantic Ocean. Cocos ridge is own sweet will. The Sultan had a large number located in Pacific Ocean. To the east of of non-official advisers. This circle of advisors longitude 150° W, the relief of the ocean floor 4 î¡ìÅ éôé 8– £z¢%Ä éôé 9  !vþöì¢Áºîû– 2020 xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å is considerably less pronounced than it is to Lord Rippon. The partition of Bengal the west. In the eastern Pacific the Cocos announced in 1905 in the period of Lord Ridge extends southwestward from the Central Curzon. American isthmus to the Galapagos Islands. 38. (a) xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å East Indian ridge is located in Indian Ocean. 39. (d) A law member was to be appointed but not an The Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) is a Indian. First law member appointed under this divergent tectonic plate boundary located along Charter Act, 1833 was Lord Macaulay. the seafloor of the southern Indian Ocean. It 40. (c) separates the Indo-Australian Plate to the north 41. (d) Under the Ryotwari system, every registered from the Antarctic Plate to the south. holder of land was recognised as its proprietor Lomonosov ridge is located in Arctic ocean. and paid direct to government. The registered The Lomonosov Ridge is a 1,800 km long agreement called pattas were given to the Ryots ridge, which divides the Arctic Ocean into to recognise their ownership rights. two major basins: the Eurasia Basin and the 42. (c) xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Amerasia Basin. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å • The length of the Nile River is approximately 33. (d) Humayun Nama, Tarikh-i-Shershahi, Akbar 6650 kilometres (4132 miles). It is believed to Nama and Muntakhab-ul-Tawarikh were be the longest river in the world. written in the time of Akbar. Akbar was a • Located in Africa, the Nile River lies in the great patron of literature. Humayum Nama was following countries: Kenya, Eritrea, Congo, written by Gulbadan Begam,Tarikh-i-Shershahi Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Egypt, was written by Tahiya-bin-Ahmad Sirhindi, Sudan and Ethiopia. Akbar-Namah was written by Abul Fazl, and • The Nile River has huge significance in regards Muntakhab-ul-Tawarikh was written by Mullah to Ancient Egypt. Most of Ancient Egypt’s Abdul Qadir Bada’uni. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å historical sites are located along the banks of 34. (a) Permafrost forms Pingo lands. A “pingo” is a the Nile River including cities such as Luxor mound or hill, consisting of an outer layer of and Cairo. soil covering a core of solid ice. It’s sort of • In 2004, the White Nile Expedition became like a big Earth pimple on the Arctic landscape. the first to navigate the entire length of the Diastrophism forms Horst land which is the Nile River. The expedition began in Uganda raised fault block bounded by normal faults and finished in Rosetta, taking four months or graben. A horst is formed from extension and two weeks to complete. of the Earth’s crust. The raised block is a • The Nile Delta in Northern Egypt is where the portion of the crust that generally remains Nile River drains in to the Mediterranean Sea. stationary or is uplifted while the land has It is around 160 kilometres (100 miles) in dropped on either side. Running water forms length and spreads out over 240 kilometres flood plain type of land. A floodplain or flood (149 miles) of coastline. It is rich in agriculture plain is an area of land adjacent to a stream and has been farmed for thousands of years. or river that stretches from the banks of its • Around 40 million people (half of Egypt’s channel to the base of the enclosing valley population) live in the Nile Delta region. walls and experiences flooding during periods • In 1787, the famous Rosetta stone was found of high discharge. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å in the Nile Delta in the city of Rosetta. This 35. (a) Sanyasi revolt begins in 1760. Kol revolt begins Ancient Egyptian artifact played a key role in in 1831-32. Santhal revolt begins in 1855-56 modern understanding of Egyptian in Bihar. The Mopala revolt uprises in 1921 in hieroglyphics. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Kerala. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å • The Aswan High Dam was built in 1970 to 36. (d) The correct order of the geological periods help regulate flooding of the Nile River. Before are: pliocene, miocene, oligocene, ecocene. the Aswan Dam was built, years that featured 37. (a) Abolition of Sati Pratha took place during the high levels of water could wipe out crops period of Lord Bentinck in 1928. Doctrine of while years of low level water could produce Lapse regulated by Lord Dalhousie. Local Self- famines and drought. The dam helps control Government took place during the period of these water levels. Achievers 5

43. (d) Mahalwari settlement belongs to Halt Mackenzie, 54. (c) Shipki La is a mountain pass and border post permanent settlement of Bengal belongs to on the India-China border. The river Sutlej Cornwallis, Ryotwari settlement belongs to enters India through this pass. It is an offshoot Thomas Munro, permanent settlement of Banaras of the ancient Silk Road. It is located in belongs to Jonathan Duncan. Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal 44. (a) xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Pradesh, India, and Tibet Autonomous Region 45. (c) Martanda Verma was the founder of the Indian in People’s Republic of China. The pass is Hindu feudal kingdom of Travancore. He ruled India’s third border post for trade with China from 1729 till his death 1758. He is usually, after Nathu La in Sikkim, and Lipulekh in credited as the founder of “Kingdom of . The pass is close to town of Travancore”. He fought numerous battles Khab. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å against European Dutch, though East India 55. (a) Satya Shodhak Samaj was a religion established Company had helped in the battles. by Mahatma Jotirao Phule on September 24, 46. (a) 1873. This was started as a group whose 47. (c) main aim was to liberate the social Shudra 48. (c) and Untouchable castes from exploitation and 49. (a) xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å oppression. While condemning the prevalent 50. (a) religion, Phule established Satya Shodhak 51. (c) Abbas Tyabji was an Indian freedom fighter Samaj with the ideals of human well being in from Gujarat, who once served as the Chief broader aspects, human happiness, unity, Justice of the (Baroda) Gujarat High Court. equality, and easy religious principles and Mahatma appointed Tyabji, at age rituals. seventy-six, to replace him as leader of the xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å 56. (a) The Purvanchal Range is an eastward extension Salt in May 1930 after Gandhi’s of the Himalayas in the north-eastern region arrest. Tyabji was arrested soon afterward and of India. It comprises the Patkai hills, the imprisoned by the British Indian Government. Manipur hills, Bairal range, the Mizo hills and Gandhi and others respectfully called Tyabji the Naga Hills. It is a densely forested area, the “Grand Old Man of Gujarat”. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å mainly composed of strong sandstones. The 52. (b) Chilka Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread peaks in the Purvanchal mountain range are over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of not rugged or high. The ideal route to this Orissa state on the east coast of India, at the mountain range is offered by the Pangsau mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal, covering an area of over 1,100 Pass. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å sq. km. It is the largest coastal lagoon in 57. (c) Historically, efforts to prevent Sati by formal India and the second largest lagoon in the means were extent even before the Mughal World. It is the largest wintering ground for rulers came to power. Under the Delhi migratory birds on the Indian sub-continent. Sultanates (circa 1325) permission had to be 53. (c) The Gandhi-Irwin Pact opened the way for sought prior to any Sati. In their own sphere Congress participation in this conference. of influence the Portuguese, Dutch and French was invited from India and banned Sati but efforts to stamp out Sati were attended as the sole official Congress formalised only under Lord William Bentinck representative accompanied by after 1829. William Cavendish Bentinck and also Madan Mohan Malaviya, Ghanshyam succeeded Lord Amherst as the Governor Das Birla, Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Mirza Ismail General of India. He took over the charge of Diwan of Mysore, S.K. Dutta and Sir Syed Ali Indian administration in the year 1828. Bentinck Imam. Gandhi claimed that the Congress alone took effective steps to root out social evils represented political India; that the Untouchables like Sati and infanticide. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å were Hindus and should not be treated as a 58. (b) The Coromandel Coast is the name given to “minority”; and that there should be no separate the southeastern coast of the Indian electorates or special safeguards for Muslims Subcontinent between Cape Comorin and False or other minorities. These claims were rejected Divi Point. It may also include the southeastern by the other Indian participants. coast of the island of Sri Lanka. The eastern 6 î¡ìÅ éôé 8– £z¢%Ä éôé 9  !vþöì¢Áºîû– 2020 xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å coastal strip is known as the Coromandel 64. (b) Nandgaon is a city and a municipal council in Coast (or Payan Ghat in Andhra Pradesh and Nashik district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu). It varies in width from 100 to Maharashtra.There are two important dams in 130 km, and extends from the delta of the Nandgaon taluka. One is Girana Dam under Godavari to . xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å major project and another is Nagyasakya under 59. (a) Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library was opened to medium project. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å public in October, 1891 by Khan Bahadur Khuda 65. (c) On December 31, 1929, the newly adopted Bakhsh with 4,000 manuscripts, of which he tricolour flag was unfurled at the Lahore session inherited 1,400 from his father Maulvi of the . At this session, Mohammed Bakhsh. It is an autonomous Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru as the newly elected organization under Ministry of Culture, president spoke the following inspiring words: Government of India, and is governed by a ‘I have just unfurled the National Flag of Board with the Governor of Bihar as its ex- Hindustan. What is the meaning of this flag? It officio Chairman. It is known for its rare is symbol of India’s unity. The flag under which collection of Persian and Arabic manuscripts. you stand today and which you have just saluted It also hosts paintings made during the Rajput does not belong to any particular section of and Mughal eras of India. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å society or community. It is the flag of the 60. (b) Loktak Lake, the largest freshwater lake in country. All those who stand today under this northeast India, also called the only Floating flag are Indians, not Hindus, not Muslims, but lake in the world due to the floating phumdis Indians. Re-member once again, now that this on it, is located near Moirang in Manipur state. flag is unfurled, it must not be lowered so long 61. (a) The British-administered territories in India were as a single Indian, man, woman, or child lives expanded in three successive waves. The first in India.” xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å wave (A.D. 1757-66) brought under [direct] 66. (c) Durgapur Barrage is across the Damodar River British rule Bengal, Bihar, and the Northern at Durgapur in Bardhaman district in the Indian Circars along the north-west shore of the Bay state of West Bengal. The Damodar River Valley of Bengal; the second (A.D. 1790-1818) Project on the Damodar River and its principal brought the Carnatic, the Upper Ganges Basin, tributary, the Barakar River, is located in and the Western Deccan; the third brought the eastern India. The four main multipurpose Indus Basin. In the Battle of Plassey, a British dams located at Tilaiya, Konar, Maithon and army of 2800 British soldiers and sepoys routed Panchet were commissioned during 1953- a Bengali army of 100,000 men. Clive’s victories 1959. In addition, a single purpose reservoir over the Bengalis and French made the British on the main stream, the Damodar, at Tenughat East Indies Company a major power in India, was constructed later in 1974. In 1932, the able to install its own candidate on the Mughal Anderson weir was constructed at Randiha. throne and claim the wealthy province of Bengal As a result, irrigation facility has been available for itself. British power, plus the fact that their in the lower Damodar basin before the advent “honorable masters” in England were 7000 of dams by means of the diversion weir on miles and nine months travel away, left India the Damodar River and Eden canal. It is about wide open to exploitation by the company and 19 kilometres downstream of Durgapur its employees. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Barrage. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å 62. (c) Palghat joins Kerala and Tamil Nadu. 67. (b) Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian National 63. (d) Dayananda Saraswati was an important Hindu Congress (Congress) in the first two decades religious scholar, reformer, and founder of the of the 20th century, initially advocating Hindu- Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement. He was Muslim unity and helping to shape the 1916 the first to give the call for Swarajya– “India Lucknow Pact between the Muslim League and for Indians” – in 1876, later taken up by the Indian National Congress. Jinnah also Lokmanya Tilak. Since he was born under Mul became a key leader in the All India Home Rule Nakshatra, he was named “Moolshankar”, and League, and proposed a fourteen-point led a comfortable early life, studying Sanskrit, constitutional reform plan to safeguard the the Vedas and other religious texts to prepare political rights of Muslims should a united British himself for a future as a Hindu priest. India become independent. Achievers 7

68. (d) The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on 1609 William Hawkins arrived at the court of the Narmada River near Navagam, Gujarat, Jahangir to seek permission to establish a British India. It is the largest dam and part of the presence in India. Hawkins was rebuffed by Narmada Valley Project, a large hydraulic Jahangir, but Sir Thomas Roe, who presented engineering project involving the construction himself before the Mughal Emperor in 1617, of a series of large irrigation and hydroelectric was rather more successful. Two years later, multi-purpose dams on the Narmada River. The Roe gained Jahangir’s permission to build a project took form in 1979 as part of a British factory in Surat, and in 1639, this was development scheme to increase irrigation and followed by the founding of Fort St. George produce hydroelectricity. It is the 30th largest (Madras). xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å dams planned on river Narmada, Sardar Sarovar 72. (d) The Farakka Barrage was created by India in Dam (SSD) is the largest structure to be built. 1975 to divert water from the Ganges River to 69. (b) Jayaprakash Narayan, widely known as the Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system. It was Loknayak, was an Indian independence activist designed to check water flow to Bangladesh and political leader, remembered especially for by diverting water from Ganges-Brahmaputra- leading the opposition to Indira Gandhi in the Meghna basin. Besides, it aimed to serve the 1970s and for giving a call for peaceful Total need of preservation and maintenance of the Revolution. was an Kolkata Port by improving the regime and English priest of the Church of England and a navigability of the Bhagirathi-Hooghly river Christian missionary and social reformer in system. It aimed to flush out the sediment India. For Andrews’s contributions to the Indian deposition from the Kolkata harbour and thus Independence Movement Gandhi and his prevent erosion of Kolkata port. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å students at St. Stephen’s College, Delhi named 73. (a) The Purna declaration, or Declaration him Deenabandhu, or “Friend of the Poor”. of the Independence of India was promulgated Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the Grand Old Man by the Indian National Congress on January 26, of India, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, 1930, resolving the Congress and Indian cotton trader, and an early Indian political and nationalists to fight for , or social leader. Lala Lajpat Rai was popularly complete self-rule independent of the British known as Punjab Kesari (Punjabi:The Lion of Empire. The had been hoisted by Punjab) or Sher-e-Punjab (Urdu: The Lion of Congress President Jawaharlal Nehru on Punjab) meaning the same and was part of the December 31, 1929, on the banks of the Ravi Lal Bal Pal trio. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å River in Lahore, modern-day Pakistan. The 70. (a) The Ganges or Ganga Canal is a canal system Congress asked the people of India to observe that irrigates the Doab region between the January 26 as Independence Day. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Ganges River and the Yamuna River in India. 74. (d) The Coromandal Coast of Tamil Nadu receives The canal system irrigates nearly 9,000 km² of heavy rainfall from the retreating monsoon fertile agricultural land in ten districts of Uttar winds as the retreating winds are moisture laden. Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Today the canal is It falls in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats, the source of agricultural prosperity in much and receives a good deal less rainfall during the of these states, and the irrigation departments summer southwest monsoon, which of these states actively maintain the canal against contributes heavily to rainfall in the rest of India. a fee system charged from users. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å The region averages 800 mm/year, most of 71. (b) The British presence in India dates back to the which falls between October and December. early part of the seventeenth century. On 31 75. (c) Jawaharlal Nehru, gave this following speech December, 1600, Elizabeth, then the monarch as India’s first Prime Minister to the Constituent of the United Kingdom, acceded to the demand Assembly in New Delhi at midnight on August of a large body of merchants that a royal charter 14, 1947: “At the stroke of midnight hour, when be given to a new trading company, “The the world sleeps, India will awake to life and Governor and Company of Merchants of freedom. A moment comes which comes but London, Trading into the East-Indies.” Between rarely in history, when we step out from the 1601 and 1613, merchants of the East India old to the new, then an age ends, and when the Company took twelve voyages to India, and in soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds 8 î¡ìÅ éôé 8– £z¢%Ä éôé 9  !vþöì¢Áºîû– 2020 xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn moment tiger. The Sundarbans is intersected by a we take the pledge of dedication to India and complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats her people and to the still larger cause of and small islands of salt-tolerant mangrove humanity.” xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å forests. The mangrove-dominated Ganges Delta 76. (d) Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest national – the Sundarbans – is a complex ecosystem park in India. The park—named for the hunter comprising one of the three largest single tracts and conservationist Jim Corbett who played a of mangrove forests of the world. Situated key role in its establishment—was established mostly in Bangladesh, a small portion of it lies in 1936 as Hailey National Park. Situated in in India. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Nainital district of Uttarakhand the park acts as 79. (a) It was from Thoreau’s essay, Civil a protected area for the endangered Bengal tiger Disobedience, that Gandhi borrowed the phrase of India, the secure survival of which is the used widely to describe his program. Thoreau main objective of Project Tiger, an Indian himself was influenced by the writings of the wildlife protection initiative. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å forest wise men of India who wrote the 77. (b) The doctrine of subsidiary alliance was Upanishads. These ancient Hindu writings were introduced by Marquess Wellesley, British translated into English in the early 1800s. Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805. Thoreau read and pondered them in the Harvard Lord Curzon after becoming the governor College library. Thus this political technique of general of India sought to introduce the reforms boycott and non-violent protest has already in all fields of administration and also in crossed and re-crossed the ocean to strengthen education. In September 1901, Curzon hearts and to influence minds in South Asia, summoned the highest educational officers of South Africa and in Alabama, U.S.A. the Government throughout India and 80. (c) Bandipur National Park, established in 1973 as representatives of universities at a round table a tiger reserve under Project Tiger, is a national Conference at Shimla. The Conference adopted park located in the south Indian state of 150 resolutions which touched almost every Karnataka. The Gir Forest National Park and conceivable branch of education. This was Wildlife Sanctuary is a forest and wildlife followed by the appointment of a Commission sanctuary in Gujarat. Manas National Park or under the presidency of Sir Thomas Raleigh on Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is a Wildlife 27 January, 1902 to enquire into the condition Sanctuary, UNESCO Natural World Heritage and prospects of universities in India and to site, a Project Tiger Reserve, an Elephant recommend proposals for improving their Reserve and a Biosphere Reserve in Assam. constitution and working. As a result of the Rohla National Park in Kulu, Himachal Pradesh, report of the recommendations of the is known for snow leopards. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Commission the Indian Universities Act was 81. (a) Bhulabhai Desai was an Indian freedom fighter passed in 1904. The Doctrine of Lapse was an and acclaimed lawyer. He is well-remembered annexation policy purportedly devised by Lord for his defense of the three Indian National Army Dalhousie, who was the Governor General for soldiers accused of treason during World War the East India Company in India between 1848 II, and for attempting to negotiate a secret and 1856. The Dual Government of Bengal was power-sharing agreement with Liaquat Ali Khan a double system of administration, which was of the Muslim League. When three captured introduced by Robert Clive. The British East Indian National Army (INA) officers, India Company obtained the actual power; Shahnawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sahgal and where as the responsibility and charge of Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon were put on trial for administration was entrusted to the Nawab of treason, the Congress formed a Defence Bengal. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å committee composed of 17 advocates including 78. (d) Sundarbans is the largest single block of tidal Bhulabhai Desai. The courtmartial hearing began halophytic mangrove forest in the world. The in October 1945 at the Red Fort. Bhulabhai was Sunderbans is a UNESCO World Heritage Site the leading counsel for the defense. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å covering parts of Bangladesh and India. This 82. (d) Silent Valley National Park, is located in the region is densely covered by mangrove forests, Nilgiri Hills, Palakkad District in Kerala. The and is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal park is one of the last undisturbed tracts of Achievers 9

South Western Ghats montane rain forests and was written in Bengali and Sanskrit. It is a hymn tropical moist evergreen forest in India. Plans to Goddess Durga, identified as the national for a hydroelectric project that threatened the personification of India. It played a vital role in parks high diversity of wildlife stimulated an the Indian independence movement, first sung environmentalist Social Movement in the 1970s in a political context by Rabindranath Tagore at called Save Silent Valley which resulted in the 1896 session of the Indian National cancellation of the project and creation of the Congress. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å park in 1980. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å 88. (c) Kanchenjunga National Park is located in 83. (a) Ranjit Singh, chief of the Sukerchakia misl, who Sikkim. The park gets its name from the first occupied Lahore (1799), the traditional mountain Kanchenjunga which is 8,586 metres capital of the Punjab, declaring himself tall, the third-highest peak in the world. The Maharaja in 1801, extended his hegemony to park is known for animals like musk deer, snow Amritsar in 1805 when he took over the town leopard and Himalayan Tahr. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å from his traditional rivals, the Bhangi chiefs. 89. (b) Gandhian socialism is the branch of socialism Already in 1809 he had constructed the based on theories of Gandhi. The theory is Gobindgarh Fort outside Lahauri Gate complete inspired from Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule with a formidable moat, three lines of defence written by Gandhi. Decentralization of political and several bastions and emplacements for and economical power, Skeptic approach heavy guns. Amritsar thus had already become towards technology and large scale his second capital. Ranjit Singh devoutly industrialization, Emphasis on Self-employment, provided liberal funds to have the dome and Emphasis on self-reliance are the few features exterior of the holy Harimandar goldplated and of Gandhian Socialism. Gandhi repudiated both to have the interior ornamented with fine filigree State and reformist socialism because the first and enamel work and with decorative murals attempted to impose socialism from the top, and panels in marble inlaid with coloured stone. whilst the second tolerated and sometimes even 84. (c) Bandipur: Karnataka; Manas: Assam; condoned violence as an inescapable means to Ranthambhore: Sawai Madhopur district of attain its ends. southeastern Rajasthan; and Simlipal: in the 90. (b) Project Tiger is a tiger conservation programme Mayurbhanj district in Odisha. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å launched in 1973 by the Government of India. 85. (a) Resistance to Civil Government (Civil The aim of the project was to control as well Disobedience) is an essay by American as supplement the dwindling population of the transcendentalist that Royal Bengal tigers in the country. Project Tiger was first published in 1849. In it, Thoreau is administered by the National Tiger argues that individuals should not permit Conservation Authority. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å governments to overrule or atrophy their 91. (c) In November 1927, the British government consciences, and that they have a duty to avoid appointed the Indian Statutory Commission, allowing such acquiescence to enable the known popularly after the name of its chairman government to make them the agents of as the Simon Commission, to go into the injustice. Indian independence leader Mohandas question of further constitutional reform. All Gandhi (a.k.a. Mahatma Gandhi) was impressed the members of the Commission were by Thoreau’s arguments. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Englishmen. This announcement was greeted 86. (b) Sultanpur National Park is located at Sultanpur, by a chorus of protest from all Indians. What Haryana in Gurgaon District, Haryana. As a bird angered them most was the exclusion of sanctuary it was the finding of Peter Jackson, Indians from the Commission and the basic famous ornothologist, and Honorary Secretary notion behind this exclusion that foreigners of the Delhi Birdwatching Society, who wrote would discuss and decide upon India’s fitness to Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, for self-government. founder of the Society, in 1970 about the need 92. (a) Kharif crops refer to the planting, cultivation to declare the Sultanpur jheel near Delhi, a bird and harvesting of any domesticated plant sown sanctuary, and she asked him to take her there. in the rainy (monsoon) season on the Asian 87. (c) Vande Mataram is a poem from Bankim Chandra subcontinent. Such crops are planted for autumn Chattopadhyay’s 1882 novel Anandamath. It harvest and may also be called the summer or 10 î¡ìÅ éôé 8– £z¢%Ä éôé 9  !vþöì¢Áºîû– 2020 xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å monsoon crop in India and Pakistan. Kharif confers various benefits to the soil. A traditional crops are usually sown with the beginning of element of crop rotation is the replenishment the first rains in July, during the southwest of nitrogen through the use of green manure in monsoon season. In Pakistan the kharif season sequence with cereals and other crops. Crop starts on April 16th and lasts until October 15th. rotation also mitigates the build-up of pathogens In India the kharif season varies by crop and and pests that often occurs when one species state, with kharif starting at the earliest in May is continuously cropped, and can also improve and ending at the latest in January, but is soil structure and fertility by alternating deep- popularly considered to start in June and to end rooted and shallow-rooted plants. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å in October. Examples include Millet, Paddy, etc. 97. (a) The first Portuguese encounter with India was 93. (c) is a term meaning ‘universal uplift’ on May 20, 1498 when Vasco da Gama or ‘progress of all’. The term was first coined reached Calicut on Malabar Coast. The by Mahatma Gandhi as the title of his 1908 Portuguese State of India was established in translation of ’s tract on political 1505 as a viceroyalty of the Kingdom of economy, , and Gandhi came to Portugal, six years after the discovery of a use the term for the ideal of his own political sea route between Portugal and India, to serve philosophy. Later Gandhians, like the Indian as the plenipotentiary governing body of a activist , embraced string of Portuguese fortresses and colonies the term as a name for the social movement in overseas. At the time of British India’s postindependence India. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å independence in 1947, Portuguese India 94. (d) Slash-and-burn is an agricultural technique included a number of enclaves on India’s which involves cutting and burning of forests western coast, including Goa proper, as well or woodlands to create fields. It is subsistence as the coastal enclaves of Daman and Diu, agriculture that typically uses little technology and the enclaves of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, or other tools. It is typically part of shifting which lie inland from Daman. The territories cultivation agriculture, and of transhumance of Portuguese India were sometimes referred livestock herding. In slash-and-burn agriculture, to collectively as Goa. Portugal lost the last forest will typically be cut months before a dry two enclaves in 1954, and finally the remaining season. The “slash” is permitted to dry, and three in December 1961, when they were taken then burned in the following dry season. The by India after military action. resulting ash fertilizes the soil, and the burned xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å field is then planted at the beginning of the next 98. (b) Tea has traditionally been the domain of Assam rainy season with crop such as upland rice, and West Bengal. Sugarcane is mainly grown maize, cassava, or other staple crop. Most of in Uttar Pradesh. Groundnut comes from this work is typically done by hand, using Gujarat. Apple is grown in Himachal Pradesh. machetes, axes, hoes, and other such basic 99. (b) Nanasaheb Peshwa, also known as Balaji Baji tools. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Rao, was the son of Bajirao from his marriage 95. (d) Jivatram Bhagwandas Kripalani, popularly with Kashibai and one of the Peshwa of the known as Acharya Kripalani, was an Indian Maratha Empire. He contributed heavily to the politician, noted particularly for holding the development of the city of Pune, India. He was presidency of the Indian National Congress appointed as Peshwa by Chattrapati Shahu during the transfer of power in 1947. During himself. Nanasaheb lost his cousin, Sadashivrao the election for the post of the future Prime Bhau (the son of Chimaji Appa), and his eldest Minister of India held by the Congress party, son, Vishwasrao, at the [Third Battle of he had the second highest number of votes after Panipat]. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å Sardar Patel. However, on Gandhi’s insistence, 100. (b) Indian sericulture contributes four types of silk both Patel and Kripalani backed out to allow Mulberry, Tassar, Eri & Muga to the World of Jawahar Lal Nehru to become the first Prime silk fabrics. Mulberry silk accounts for 90% Minister of India. xÄy!‰þ¦þy¢Å of the total silk production in the country. 96. (a) Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series Karnataka leads in silk textile in India as it of dissimilar/different types of crops in the same accounts for 55.65 per cent of the silk yarn area in sequential seasons. Crop rotation production of the country.