DOCSLIB.ORG

Gandhi Title Page11 10

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gandhi Title Page11 10 ❂ THE SOUNDS OF SATYAGRAHA: MAHATMA GANDHI'S USE OF SUNG-PRAYERS AND RITUAL Cynthia Snodgrass University of Stirling ❂ For My Mother, Lila, My First Teacher ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to gratefully acknowledge the many people who supported me in this work. First of all, I owe my deepest gratitude to Dr. Gavin Flood, for agreeing to oversee the project, and for his insight in helping frame the primary tenets of the thesis as one of Mahatma Gandhi, religion and ritual. Beyond and around the framework, Dr. Timothy Fitzgerald was very helpful in advising the placement of the thesis in historical perspective, while Dr. David Smith was instrumental in weaving the thesis into current events, as well as offering his linquistic acuity. I would like to thank those at the University of Stirling, especially, Katharine Reibig and Alison Cooper for their administrative oversight, as well as Julie Dawson for her administrative support. Special gratitude is owed to Shirley Harryman, Stonehouse Studio, Kansas City, Missouri, for work on the computer formatting and graphics. I am very grateful to Dr. Monish R. Chatterjee of the University of Dayton for his translation of Ayi Bhuvanamanamohini. I also owe much gratitude to Aushin Abraham and Sherly Abraham for their advisement in the translating of Hindi, Marathi, and Bengali texts; also much gratitude is due to Jitu Patel and Hitesh Patel for their advisement in the translating of Gujarati texts. Meilu Ho was also very generous with information concerning the Pusti Marg. I very much need to thank the Sur Laya Sangam of Albany, California for their generous hospitality and support. Of course, the work could not have been completed without the knowledge, generosity, and wit of the inspirational Shri Karunamayee of the Shri Aurobindo Ashram in Delhi, India. Her knowledge of the Ashram Bhajanavali is indispensable. Finally, I owe great gratitude to the Barbulesco Family Fund for travel grants, and to my many parents, family, and friends who have nurtured me and encouraged the continuation of this work. THE SOUNDS OF SATYAGRAHA: MAHATMA GANDHI'S USE OF SUNG-PRAYERS AND RITUAL Cynthia Snodgrass Page Table of Contents 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 5 INTRODUCING THE ASHRAM BHAJANAVALI 5 METHODOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES 8 METHODOLOGY AND RITUAL STUDIES 15 TOWARDS THE DEFINITION OF A FEW TERMS 18 Religion and Politics 21 Theology and Creed 26 Hymns, Poetry, and Sung-Prayers 26 Bhajan, Kirtan, and Ram-dhun 27 TEXTUAL CONSIDERATIONS 32 SETTING THE SCENE: PRE-GANDHI CONTEXT 32 GANDHI'S RETURN TO INDIA AND HIS VIEW OF SVARAJ 45 CHAPTER 2. ASHRAM BHAJANAVALI 51 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS 52 South Africa: 1893-1914 52 India: 1915-1930 54 1930 62 The 1930 Salt March 62 Gandhi's Translations of 1930 66 1930 to1942 72 1942 to 1947 73 1947 74 ASHRAM BHAJANAVALI: DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS 75 Preface through Raº-dhun 75 After 1947 160 SUMMARY/CONCLUSION 160 CHART #1 - Abbreviated Historical Overview 169 CHAPTER 3. RITUAL: TWICE-DAILY SUNG-PRAYERS 171 THE FEATURES OF RITUAL 173 Encoding by Others than Performers 173 Decorous Formality 174 Invariance 176 2 Performance and Participation 181 Non-Physical Efficacy 184 Self-Referential and Canonical Streams of Information 186 Communication 192 Ultimate Sacred Postulates 192 Acceptance 193 Levels of Meaning 195 Ritual Space 196 HOW RITUAL FUNCTIONS 198 Communitas 199 Hidden Similarities Discovered 201 The "I" of Discourse 202 Extraordinary States of Consciousness 209 Frequency of Recurrence 215 Divine Order Enacted 217 OUTCOME OF RITUAL 220 Outcome for the Individual 220 "State of Grace" 220 Extra-Ordinary Feats 221 Overcoming Fear 222 Transcending Time and Space 223 "Even Unto Death" 225 Outcome for the Community 227 SUMMARY/CONCLUSION 228 CHAPTER 4. RITUALS BEYOND THE TWICE-DAILY SUNG-PRAYERS 230 RITUAL (YAJNA) FOR DANGEROUS TIMES 235 Fasting 236 The 1930 Salt March 242 RITUALS OF TRANSITION 243 Kasturbai's Funeral 243 Marriage Ceremony 245 COMMUNITAS 247 Satyagraha Communitas 248 Ash¿am Administration and Organization 248 "Spiritual Advice" from Bapu 253 Raºanama 258 National Communitas 262 Bhajan Parties Organized 262 Hindu-Muslim Solidarity 266 Inter-religious and International Communitas 267 3 Christian Fellowship 267 Europe 268 America 269 Universal Appeal 271 SUNG-PRAYERS AND PUBLIC TEXTS: THE FINAL YEARS 271 Sung-Prayer Meetings throughout India 271 Bhajans: The Texts for Gandhi's Public Discourse 272 1945 273 1946 274 1947 279 1948 288 SUMMARY/CONCLUSION 291 CHAPTER 5. GANDHI, MUSIC, AND SUNG-PRAYER AND RITUAL 294 GANDHI AND THE POWER OF MUSIC 294 Music Produces Synchronized, Non-Violent Behavior 296 Sung-Prayers Produce Synchronized Non-Violent Reaction 398 Spiritual Development 301 The Music of the Charkha 303 Musical Instruments 304 THE POWER OF SUNG RITUAL 308 Rappaport and the Power of Sung Ritual 309 The Power of Sound in Ritual Participation 310 A Phenomenology of Sound 314 THE POWER OF SOUND IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT 319 The Sound Sacrifice 320 brahman 323 Upanishads and Later 329 The Sants 333 SUMMARY/CONCLUSION 334 CHAPTER 6. SHRI KARUNAMAYEE 337 FAMILY BACKGROUND 341 SINGING FOR GANDHI 346 INSIGHTS INTO ASHRAM BHAJANAVALI 348 THE CURRENT MISSION OF A TRADITION-BEARER 360 CHART # 2 - SHRI KARUNAMAYEE'S FAMILY TREE 364 CHAPTER 7. POST-COLONIALISM, SOME REFLECTIONS, 4 AND A FINAL SUMMATION 366 POST-COLONIALISM AND ASSESSMENTS OF SATYAGRAHA 366 MAHATMA GANDHI'S VOICE 373 A SUMMATION OF THE THESIS 376 A FINAL SUMMATION 381 BIBLIOGRAPHY 383 ABBREVIATIONS 395π APPENDIX 1-A CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION 5 INTRODUCING THE ASHRAM BHAJANAVALI The life and work of Mohandas K. Gandhi have been, it would seem, examined quite thoroughly by every academic discipline, with Gandhi's public and personal lives having been placed beneath the microscopes of diverse and diverging theoretical perspectives, and with his actions having been viewed and analyzed from every conceivable angle. So, it is with healthy amounts of both respect and fear that I take up the examination of the present topic. The topic, not so easily captured beneath the lens of a miscroscope, is that of Gandhi's use of music and sung-prayers during the time of India's struggle for independence, during the time of satyagraha (satya = truth; agraha = strongly grasping). These sung-prayers are found in a volume entitled Ashram Bhajanavali. This collection of chanted prayers used by the Indian satyagraha community, was and is sometimes referred to as a hymnal or a hymn-book. However, the collection was and is much more than what the term "hymnal" might imply to most, both in the scope of its contents and in its importance as another tool with which to understand the developments of Gandhi's non-violent, satyagraha community. Gandhi's use of music, chant, and sound has been largely unrecognized, if at all, and when mentioned, it has been sorely under-thematised. Thus, a very important aspect of the satyagraha movement has been missed, "written off," or "viewed" as insignificant musical entertainment. While Gandhi's satyagraha encompassed vast social and political change, it was heavily grounded in devotional principles, and ultimately, those devotional principles were undergirt by a repertoire of sung-prayers found in the Ashram Bhajanavali. Highly-developed theologies concerning the divinity of sound have been part of India's development and self-definition for millenia, and this understanding of sound and/or music as a Thing Divine played, as well, a very important role in Gandhi's ability to accomplish his goals of national organization and change. While this has remained unrecognized in western estimation, we will see, in the course of this work, that 6 Gandhi's "political" and "religious" aspirations were grounded in his utilization of ritual and sung-prayers. We will hear how the Ashram Bhajanavali sung-prayers, resounding from India's depths, struck such a correspondence of inspiration with Gandhi's followers, and why India responded so strongly to his call. Woven into the discussion will be a consideration of the phenomenon of sound itself. India has a long tradition of regarding sound (music, chant, mantra, and the phenomenon of sound) as a pathway to connect with, comprehend, and manifest divinity. 'The primary aesthetic criterion for the evaluation of an Indian music performance is...the strength of the [devotional] message conveyed through it. Thus, insight into and comprehension of the prevalence of the devotional aspect at the core of Indian music is the key to the understanding of this unique and many-shaped tradition' (Thielemann 1998, p.116). This elemental reality has been largely missed by academia. Even in western musical circles, where a certain acknowledgement of music's divine character has been acknowledged, there has remained a predominance of seeing music as servant to theology: '...worship is wonderfully served by music' (Blackwell 1999, p.23). From this perspective, music (sound, mantra, chant) has been consigned to the rank of "second-class citizen." As a result of this limited perspective, the significance which Gandhi placed on the regularity of group sung-prayer meetings (the chanting of holy scriptures and singing of devotional songs) has been overlooked in current scholarship. While some attention has been paid to the historical tradition of bhajan (hymn) singing in India as a political tool connected with social critique and unrest (see, e.g., Lorenzen, D.L. 1987 in K. Schomer & W.H. McLeod, Eds. 1987, The Sants. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, pp. 281-303 and Lorenzen (1995), this view of bhajan singing can not be readily applied to Gandhi and the satyagraha movement. Gandhi's use of 7 sung-prayers went beyond that of a purely political tool, and it can not, therefore, be viewed so singularly. The present examination will begin by looking at the the social, cultural, and historical context in India prior to the time of Gandhi's reform efforts.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gandhi Warrior of Non-Violence P
    SATYAGRAHA IN ACTION Indians who had spent nearly all their lives in South Africi Gandhi was able to get assistance for them from South India an appeal was made to the Supreme Court and the deportation system was ruled illegal. Meantime, the satyagraha movement continued, although more slowly as a result of government prosecution of the Indians and the animosity of white people to whom Indian merchants owed money. They demanded immediate payment of the entire sum due. The Indians could not, of course, meet their demands. Freed from jail once again in 1909, Gandhi decided that he must go to England to get more help for the Indians in Africa. He hoped to see English leaders and to place the problems before them, but the visit did little beyond acquainting those leaders with the difficulties Indians faced in Africa. In his nearly half year in Britain Gandhi himself, however, became a little more aware of India’s own position. On his way back to South Africa he wrote his first book. Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule. Written in Gujarati and later translated by himself into English, he wrote it on board the steamer Kildonan Castle. Instead of taking part in the usual shipboard life he used a packet of ship’s stationery and wrote the manuscript in less than ten days, writing with his left hand when his right tired. Hind Swaraj appeared in Indian Opinion in instalments first; the manuscript then was kept by a member of the family. Later, when its value was realized more clearly, it was reproduced in facsimile form.
    [Show full text]
  • The Guru: by Various Authors
    Divya Darshan Contributors; Publisher Pt Narayan Bhatt Guru Purnima: Hindu Heritage Society ABN 60486249887 Smt Lalita Singh Sanskriti Divas Medley Avenue Liverpool NSW 2170 Issue Pt Jagdish Maharaj Na tu mam shakyase drashtumanenaiv svachakshusha I Divyam dadami te chakshu pashay me yogameshwaram Your external eyes will not be able to comprehend my Divine form. I grant you the Divine Eye to enable you to This issue includes; behold Me in my Divine Yoga. Gita Chapter 11. Guru Mahima Guru Purnima or Sanskriti Diwas Krishnam Vande Jagad Gurum The Guru: by various Authors Message of the Guru Teaching of Raman Maharshi Guru and Disciple Hindu Sects Non Hindu Sects The Greatness of the Guru Prayer of Guru Next Issue Sri Krishna – The Guru of All Gurus VASUDEV SUTAM DEVAM KANSA CHANUR MARDAMAN DEVKI PARAMAANANDAM KRISHANAM VANDE JAGADGURUM I do vandana (glorification) of Lord Krishna, the resplendent son of Vasudev, who killed the great tormentors like Kamsa and Chanoora, who is a source of greatest joy to Devaki, and who is indeed a Jagad Guru (world teacher). 1 | P a g e Guru Mahima Sab Dharti Kagaz Karu, Lekhan Ban Raye Sath Samundra Ki Mas Karu Guru Gun Likha Na Jaye ~ Kabir This beautiful doha (couplet) is by the great saint Kabir. The meaning of this doha is “Even if the whole earth is transformed into paper with all the big trees made into pens and if the entire water in the seven oceans are transformed into writing ink, even then the glories of the Guru cannot be written. So much is the greatness of the Guru.” Guru means a teacher, master, mentor etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Ācārya Kundakunda's
    Ācārya Kundakunda’s Pravacanasāra – Essence of the Doctrine vkpk;Zizopulkj dqUndqUn fojfpr Divine Blessings: Ācārya 108 Vidyānanda Muni VIJAY K. JAIN Ācārya Kundakunda’s Pravacanasāra – Essence of the Doctrine vkpk;Z dqUndqUn fojfpr izopulkj Ācārya Kundakunda’s Pravacanasāra – Essence of the Doctrine vkpk;Z dqUndqUn fojfpr izopulkj Divine Blessings: Ācārya 108 Vidyānanda Muni Vijay K. Jain fodYi Front cover: Charming black idol of Lord Pārśvanātha, the 7 twenty-third Tīrthańkara 1 in a Jain temple (Terāpanthī Kothī) at Shri Sammed Shikharji, y k. Jain, 20 Jharkhand, India. Pic Vija Ācārya Kundakunda’s Pravacanasāra – Essence of the Doctrine Vijay K. Jain Non-Copyright This work may be reproduced, translated and published in any language without any special permission provided that it is true to the original and that a mention is made of the source. ISBN: 978-81-932726-1-9 Rs. 600/- Published, in the year 2018, by: Vikalp Printers Anekant Palace, 29 Rajpur Road Dehradun-248001 (Uttarakhand) India www.vikalpprinters.com E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (0135) 2658971 Printed at: Vikalp Printers, Dehradun (iv) eaxy vk'khokZn & ije iwT; fl¼kUrpØorhZ 'osrfiPNkpk;Z 108 Jh fo|kuUn th eqfujkt vkxegh.kks le.kks .ksoIik.ka ija fo;k.kkfn A vfotk.karks vRFks [kosfn dEekf.k fd/ fHkD[kw AA & vkpk;Z dqUndqUn ^izopulkj* xkFkk 3&33 vFkZ & vkxeghu Je.k vkRek dks vkSj ij dks fu'p;dj ugha tkurk gS vkSj tho&vthokfn inkFkks± dks ugha tkurk gqvk eqfu leLr deks± dk {k; dSls dj ldrk gS\ vkpk;Z dqUndqUn dk ^izopulkj* okLro esa ,d cgqr gh egku xzUFk
    [Show full text]
  • Lectures and Seminars, Trinity Term 2015
    WEDNESDay 22 april 2015 • SUpplEMENT (2) TO NO 5092 • VOl 145 Gazette Supplement Lectures and Seminars, Trinity term 2015 Romanes Lecture 462 Experimental psychology Buddhist Studies Orthopaedics, rheumatology and COMPAS Musculoskeletal Sciences Hebrew and Jewish Studies University Administration pathology Hindu Studies and Services 462 pharmacology Museum of the History of Science Disability Lecture physiology, anatomy and Genetics islamic Studies population Health reuters institute for the Study of Humanities 462 psychiatry Journalism Foundation for law, Justice and Society TOrCH | The Oxford research Centre in Social Sciences 470 the Humanities learning institute Maison Française rothermere american institute interdisciplinary research Methods Oxford Martin School Classics Sanjaya lall Memorial Trust population ageing English language and literature anthropology and Museum Ethnography ian ramsey Centre History Saïd Business School linguistics, philology and phonetics Economics Colleges, Halls and Societies 482 Medieval and Modern languages Education Music interdisciplinary area Studies all Souls Oriental Studies international Development (Queen Balliol philosophy Elizabeth House) Green Templeton Theology and religion Oxford internet institute Keble Law lady Margaret Hall Mathematical, Physical and politics and international relations linacre Life Sciences 466 Social policy and intervention lincoln Socio-legal Studies Chemistry Magdalen Sociology Computer Science Mansfield Nuffield Earth Sciences Department for Continuing Queen’s Engineering
    [Show full text]
  • The Social Life of Khadi: Gandhi's Experiments with the Indian
    The Social Life of Khadi: Gandhi’s Experiments with the Indian Economy, c. 1915-1965 by Leslie Hempson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2018 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Farina Mir, Co-Chair Professor Mrinalini Sinha, Co-Chair Associate Professor William Glover Associate Professor Matthew Hull Leslie Hempson [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5195-1605 © Leslie Hempson 2018 DEDICATION To my parents, whose love and support has accompanied me every step of the way ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ii LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF ACRONYMS v GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS vi ABSTRACT vii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL DIVIDE 23 CHAPTER 2: ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS 53 CHAPTER 3: WRITING THE ECONOMY 89 CHAPTER 4: SPINNING EMPLOYMENT 130 CONCLUSION 179 APPENDIX: WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 183 BIBLIOGRAPHY 184 iii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1 Advertisement for a list of businesses certified by AISA 59 3.1 A set of scales with coins used as weights 117 4.1 The ambar charkha in three-part form 146 4.2 Illustration from a KVIC album showing Mother India cradling the ambar 150 charkha 4.3 Illustration from a KVIC album showing giant hand cradling the ambar charkha 151 4.4 Illustration from a KVIC album showing the ambar charkha on a pedestal with 152 a modified version of the motto of the Indian republic on the front 4.5 Illustration from a KVIC album tracing the charkha to Mohenjo Daro 158 4.6 Illustration from a KVIC album tracing
    [Show full text]
  • GK Digest : December 2016
    GK Digest : December 2016 India lifts Asian Champions Trophy The week is observed every year from 31st October, the birthday Anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. India has lifted the Men’s Asian Champions Trophy Hockey at Wisma Belia Hockey Stadium,Kuantan, Gujarati new year celebrated Malaysia. New Year Bestu Varas is being celebrated with India has defeated defending champions Pakistan 3-2 traditional zeal and fervour in Gujarat. to win the tournament. The next day after Diwali is marked as the beginning Earlier, India had won the inaugural edition of the of Hindu New Year Vikram Savanstar, which is Asian Champions Trophy by defeating Pakistan in the celebrated across Gujarat as a new year. final in 2011. The day is of special significance for traders and 31st October: World Cities Day businessmen as it is marked the beginning of the financial year for them and the new ledgers are The World is observing Cities Day with the opened on this auspicious day. commitment to work together for a planned and sustainable urban life in the wake of rapid growth of World Bank appoints Kristalina Georgieva population and problems. as chief executive This year, the United Nations (UN) has selected the The Former head of EU humanitarian affairs and vice- theme “Inclusive Cities, Shared Development” to president of the European commission Kristalina highlight the important role of urbanization as a Georgieva has been appointed the chief executive of source of global development and social inclusion. the World Bank. Vigilance Awareness Week being Recently, she lost out in the race to become United observed Nations (UN) secretary general.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Name of Krishna: the Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town
    In the Name of Krishna: The Cultural Landscape of a North Indian Pilgrimage Town A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Sugata Ray IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Frederick M. Asher, Advisor April 2012 © Sugata Ray 2012 Acknowledgements They say writing a dissertation is a lonely and arduous task. But, I am fortunate to have found friends, colleagues, and mentors who have inspired me to make this laborious task far from arduous. It was Frederick M. Asher, my advisor, who inspired me to turn to places where art historians do not usually venture. The temple city of Khajuraho is not just the exquisite 11th-century temples at the site. Rather, the 11th-century temples are part of a larger visuality that extends to contemporary civic monuments in the city center, Rick suggested in the first class that I took with him. I learnt to move across time and space. To understand modern Vrindavan, one would have to look at its Mughal past; to understand temple architecture, one would have to look for rebellions in the colonial archive. Catherine B. Asher gave me the gift of the Mughal world – a world that I only barely knew before I met her. Today, I speak of the Islamicate world of colonial Vrindavan. Cathy walked me through Mughal mosques, tombs, and gardens on many cold wintry days in Minneapolis and on a hot summer day in Sasaram, Bihar. The Islamicate Krishna in my dissertation thus came into being.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Paper Sociology Vamana–Trivikrama in Badami Chalukya Sculpture
    Volume : 2 | Issue : 9 | Sept 2013 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160 Research Paper Sociology Vamana–Trivikrama In Badami Chalukya Sculpture Smt. Veena Muddi Research Scholar,Dept of Ancient Indian History and Epigraphy, Karnatak University, Dharwad Introduction Padma Purana Until the time of Vikramaditya I the rulers of the Chalukya dynasty of Vishnu was born as a son of Aditi. Knowing about sacrifice being per- Badami (543-757 CE) were the inclined towards Vaishnavism. The re- formed by Bali, Vishnu went to the place of sacrifice along with eight cords of Mangalesa (Padigar:2010:9-11,12-15) and Polekesi II (Padi- sages. Vamana told the reason for his arrival and asked for a piece of gar:2010:42-45) are vocal in describing them as parama-bhagavatas, land measured by his three steps. Sukracharya advised Bali not to grant ‘great devotees of Vishnu’. The fact that two of the four caves excavated Vamana’s request. But Bali would not listen to his guru. He washed the by them at their capital Badami, all of them dating from pre-620 CE feet of Lord and granted Vamana’s wish. After that Lord abandoned his period, are dedicated to god Vishnu is further evidence of the situation. dwarfish form, took the body of Vishnu, covered the whole universe In 659 CE Virkamaditya I was initiated into Mahesvara brand of Saivism and sent Bali to netherworld.(Bhatt:1991:3211-3215) through a ritual called Sivamandala-diksha. (Padigar:2010:67-70) Henceforth he came to be called a parama-Mahesvara, ‘a great devo- Narada Purana tee of Mahesvara or Siva’.
    [Show full text]
  • IRR-Issue-8-October-2019.Pdf
    INTERRELIGIOUS RELATIONS Occasional Papers of The Studies in Interreligious Relations in Plural Societies Programme Western Perspectives on Dialogue in a World of Conflict and Violence Gavin Flood ISSN: 2661345X Editors: Professor Abdullah Saeed, University of Melbourne, Australia, and Advisor to the SRP Programme, RSIS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Dr Paul Hedges, SRP Programme, RSIS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Editorial Assistant: Nursheila Muez, SRP Programme, RSIS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Advisory Board: Ambassador Mohammad Alami Musa, SRP Programme, RSIS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Ambassador Barry Desker, RSIS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Rt Rev Dr John Chew, Emeritus, Trinity Theological College, Singapore Professor Lily Kong, Singapore Management University, Singapore Professor Joseph Liow Chin Yong, College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (COHASS), and RSIS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Professor Julius Lipner, Emeritus, University of Cambridge, UK Editorial Board: Dr Mohamed Ali, SRP Programme, RSIS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Professor Scott Appleby, Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame, USA Professor Azyumardi Azra, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, Indonesia Dr Lang Chen, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Professor Catherine Cornille, Boston College, USA Professor Gavin D’Costa, Bristol University, UK Professor Farid Esack, University of Johannesburg,
    [Show full text]
  • Sardar Patel's Role in Nagpur Flag Satyagraha
    Sardar Patel’s Role in Nagpur Flag Satyagraha Dr. Archana R. Bansod Assistant Professor & Director I/c (Centre for Studies & Research on Life & Works of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (CERLIP) Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Anand, Gujarat. Abstract. In March 1923, when the Congress Working Committee was to meet at Jabalpur, the Sardar Patel is one of the most foremost figures in the Municipality passed a resolution similar to the annals of the Indian national movement. Due to his earlier one-to hoist the national flag over the Town versatile personality he made many fold contribution to Hall. It was disallowed by the District Magistrate. the national causes during the struggle for freedom. The Not only did he prohibit the flying of the national great achievement of Vallabhbhai Patel is his successful flag, but also the holding of a public meeting in completion of various satyagraha movements, particularly the Satyagraha at Kheda which made him a front of the Town Hall. This provoked the th popular leader among the people and at Bardoli which launching of an agitation on March 18 . The earned him the coveted title of “Sardar” and him an idol National flag was hoisted by the Congress for subsequent movements and developments in the members of the Jabalpur Municipality. The District Indian National struggle. Magistrate ordered the flag to be pulled down. The police exhibited their overzealousness by trampling Flag Satyagraha was held at Nagput in 1923. It was the the national flag under their feet. The insult to the peaceful civil disobedience that focused on exercising the flag sparked off an agitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ratnakarandaka-F-With Cover
    Ācārya Samantabhadra’s Ratnakaraõçaka-śrāvakācāra – The Jewel-casket of Householder’s Conduct vkpk;Z leUrHkæ fojfpr jRudj.MdJkodkpkj Divine Blessings: Ācārya 108 Vidyānanda Muni VIJAY K. JAIN Ācārya Samantabhadra’s Ratnakaraõçaka-śrāvakācāra – The Jewel-casket of Householder’s Conduct vkpk;Z leUrHkæ fojfpr jRudj.MdJkodkpkj Ācārya Samantabhadra’s Ratnakaraõçaka-śrāvakācāra – The Jewel-casket of Householder’s Conduct vkpk;Z leUrHkæ fojfpr jRudj.MdJkodkpkj Divine Blessings: Ācārya 108 Vidyānanda Muni Vijay K. Jain fodYi Front cover: Depiction of the Holy Feet of the twenty-fourth Tīrthaôkara, Lord Mahāvīra, at the sacred hills of Shri Sammed Shikharji, the holiest of Jaina pilgrimages, situated in Jharkhand, India. Pic by Vijay K. Jain (2016) Ācārya Samantabhadra’s Ratnakaraõçaka-śrāvakācāra – The Jewel-casket of Householder’s Conduct Vijay K. Jain Non-Copyright This work may be reproduced, translated and published in any language without any special permission provided that it is true to the original and that a mention is made of the source. ISBN 81-903639-9-9 Rs. 500/- Published, in the year 2016, by: Vikalp Printers Anekant Palace, 29 Rajpur Road Dehradun-248001 (Uttarakhand) India www.vikalpprinters.com E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (0135) 2658971 Printed at: Vikalp Printers, Dehradun (iv) eaxy vk'khokZn & ijeiwT; fl¼kUrpØorhZ 'osrfiPNkpk;Z Jh fo|kuUn th eqfujkt milxsZ nq£Hk{ks tjfl #tk;ka p fu%izfrdkjs A /ekZ; ruqfoekspuekgq% lYys[kukek;kZ% AA 122 AA & vkpk;Z leUrHkæ] jRudj.MdJkodkpkj vFkZ & tc dksbZ fu"izfrdkj milxZ]
    [Show full text]
  • OM NAMO BHAGAVATE PANDURANGAYA BALAJI VANI Volume 9, Issue 12 December, 2015
    OM NAMO BHAGAVATE PANDURANGAYA BALAJI VANI Volume 9, Issue 12 December, 2015 HARI OM In Month of November, many activities were performed in temple and many devotees attended various programs. Sri Balaji Guru Vandana was celebrated grandly with 108 kalasha Ganapathi abhishekam, 108 kalasha Balaji abhishekam, Mahalakshmi abhishekam and Sathya Narayana Pooja. On Friday 20th November, 108 kalasha sthapana (presenting to God) for Balaji abhishekam was done. Families sat individually and invoked almighty lord doing sankalpa (resolution) and performed Ganapthi, Navagraha Poojas and Mahalakshmi abhishekam. Pitathipathi Sri Narayananada Swamiji initiated and led all the devotees in reciting mantras. Later, everyone was enchanted with the Mahalakshi abhishekam. Vittal Nithyananda Swami spoke about the meaning of Guru (Teacher). He talked about how the temple has grown today since the 2006 Charasthapatha of Balaji into a spacious place where devotees can come to feel one with God anytime and also how the Balaji Guru Vandana has become such a grand event every year. He Sri Balaji Guru Vandana, Swamiji talked of how Swamiji had a vision of Lord Balaji and how that vision has Praying to lord Sri Satyanarayana for devotes turned into a reality by which devotees are all able to come here to see and and world peace. pray to all the gods and goddesses. By performing Guru Vandana, devotees can feel closer to God and through performing the poojas, all their doshas (problems) are removed. Later, Mahaprasadam sponsored by Peacock sreyo hi jnanam abhyasaj jnanad dhyanam visisyate | Cupertino (Sri Ram Gopal) was served to everyone. dhyanat karma-phala-tyagas tyagac chantir anantaram || On Saturday 21st November, 108 kalasha abhisheka was performed to invoke Lord Balaji and Swamiji performed this abhisheka with help from other priest’s and devotees.
    [Show full text]