PAGE 1 fandmglobalbarometers.org Published 01/13/2021 - F As a result, As a result, 6 Persecuting LGBTI activism, however, however, activism, LGBTI 8 Outright Action International reports that reports that International Outright Action 7 Section 12 of the Sexual Offences Act 1992 Act Offences Sexual the Section 12 of 9 Measuring LGBT human rights in 203 countries and regions and in 203 countries human rights LGBT Measuring Queen Elizabeth II. The Governor General Sandra Mason Sandra General Governor II. The Queen Elizabeth Queen Eliza- representing state, of head nominal is the of head is the Mia Mottley Minister Prime the and II beth government. trade slave trans-Atlantic and British occupation The along economy sugarcane in a traditional also resulted being Anglican Christianity. religion official with the Barbados identify of citizens in percent ninety-five Over slavery was period, colonial the During as Christian. by blacks” the for “salvation justify to Christians used by virtuous deed.” slavery as “a charactering Legal Landscape both acts between same-sex criminalizes Barbados 1992, Section Act Offences Sexual The women. and men impris- acts with life same-sex criminalizes 9 Buggery, between intercourse sexual to but only applies onment, men. KEY FINDINGS the Church dominates Barbados’ culture, normalizing normalizing culture, Barbados’ dominates Church the while per sexuality and gender of social constructions “unhealthy” acts are same-sex that notion the petuating “sinful.” and defined “serious indecency” as “act, whether natural or natural “act, whether as “serious indecency” defined social acceptance of sexual minorities is low due to due to is low minorities sexual of social acceptance norms. cultural and stigma has increased. - - Barba 5 Moreover, Moreover, 3

1 | Parliamentary Democracy & Constitutional Monarchy & Constitutional | Parliamentary Democracy System Political USD (2018) capita | 17,949.28 GDP Per | Mia Mottley State of Head | 287,375 Population - also acknowl Department State of The 2 4 edges that there is no specific legislation prohibiting prohibiting legislation specific is no there that edges to According minorities. sexual against discrimination have minorities sexual in Barbados, organizations LGBTI housing, in employment, discrimination facing reported healthcare. and education to access and dos operates as a multiparty parliamentary democracy dos operates and while serving British Commonwealth the under LGBTI individuals are at high risk for assault, crime, crime, assault, high risk for at are individuals LGBTI contact willing to less are and property, of destruction police. the Background achieved Barbados colonization, of 300 years After in 1966. British occupation from independence EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE or “persecuting,” an F, scored has consistently Barbados Homosex 2011-2018. from GBTR and F&M GBGR on the has law the 1992 and since criminalized uality has been - homosexual of criminalization The repealed. be to yet which discriminatory policies in continous ity results to them exposing actively minorities, sexual oppress violence. state-sanctioned QUICK FACTS Barbados Dolan Rachel The United States Department of State reports that reports that Department State of States United The same- consensual criminalizes Barbados although being life penalty adults -- with the between acts sex this law how reportsof no were -- there imprisonment enforced. was

BARBADOS PAGE 2 fandmglobalbarometers.org Published 01/13/2021 - - - - The committee committee The 19

20 22 15 With 95.2% of the population identifying as population the With 95.2% of 21 Mottley has also been considered a pro-LGBTI a pro-LGBTI considered has also been Mottley 16 Mottley’s party, the Barbados Labour Party, “calls “calls Party, Labour Barbados the party, Mottley’s 17 Measuring LGBT human rights in 203 countries and regions and in 203 countries human rights LGBT Measuring religious, the church exerts power over social welfare, social welfare, over power exerts church the religious, attitudes social influencing and norms, life, communal ethics. moral and candidate due to her track record as attorney general in general as attorney record track her to due candidate 2001. tion campaign, Mottley was the target of discriminatory of target the was Mottley tion campaign, Party Labour which insinu- Democratic the from attacks orien sexual her questioned and “gay” was she that ated tation. Landscape Socio-Economic Social, on Economic, Committee Human Rights Watch’s “discrim that acknowledges Rights in 2018 Cultural and Mia Mottley, elected to office in 2018, is the country’sthe 2018, is in office to elected Mia Mottley, her elec During minister. female prime current and first especially sphere,” private in the occurs often ination sector. housing private within the the dangerous rhetoric that LGBTI minorities are safe safe are minorities LGBTI that rhetoric dangerous the remain they evidently, when in Barbados included and also “provides This harmful narrative so. feeling from far LGBTI of extortion abuse and police for legal cover individuals.” for a referendum on LGBT laws” but “party members members but “party laws” on LGBT a referendum for Despite election.” the otherwise following suggested parliament, within Barbados’ all seats BLP holding the inclusivity LGBTI go regarding countrythe to has a way Barbados has yet to pass fair housing and workplace workplace and housing fair pass to has yet Barbados minorities LGBTI leaving legislation, anti-discrimination human rights and harassment, threats, to vulnerable are church and family because Furthermore, abuses. rejec of fears these social life,” of cornerstones “the then home in the begin often harassment tion and and church including social spaces, key to “[translate] school.” reported that private landlords, credit providers, and and providers, credit landlords, private that reported or housing to access deny may providers public housing orientation sexual individual’s based on the mortgages identity. gender and/or - Addition 14 Although the US Department the Although 11 12 10 13 ally, Brathwaite stated that “the LGBT community in community LGBT “the that stated Brathwaite ally, safest the of is one and persecuted” not were Barbados in 2017. minorities sexual for islands Caribbean perpetuates persecution LGBTI denial of persistent The Adriel Brathwaite, the attorney general of Barbados Barbados of general attorney the Brathwaite, Adriel - persecu the has a history denying of 2010-2018, from refused Brathwaite In 2011, minorities. LGBTI tion of legalize to Cameron David Minister UK Prime calls by on “position Barbados’ claiming that homosexuality, its legislative that and sale for not was homosexuality home.” at determined be would agenda Political Landscape Political and homosexuality denounce actively officials Elected - in Barba minorities LGBTI of persecution the deny and Social Care of Minister the 2018, of dos. In March groups LGBTI attacked Development Community so persistent, insistent, “so are they that while stating marginalized is being (LGBTI) claiming this community are people straight that point the to stigmatized” and - stigma and harassed marginalized, feel to “beginning them.” tized by To date, there is no legal recognition of gender identity. identity. gender of legal recognition is no there date, To - enforce law International, Action Outright to According mi- gender and sexual both against discriminates ment 1992 is also Act Offences Sexual the Therefore, norities. identities and expression gender “criminalize used to with associated norm with the correspond which do not birth.” at assigned sex the unnatural by a person involving the use of genital organs organs genital use of the involving a person by unnatural desire,” sexual or gratifying arousing of purpose the for years 10 with up to women and men both punishes and imprisonment. of of State Human Rights Country reports no that State of reported criminalization involving enforced law the of found were - marginal to exists still legislation acts, the same-sex of minorities. ize LGBTI

BARBADOS PAGE 3 fandmglobalbarometers.org Published 01/13/2021 Measuring LGBT human rights in 203 countries and regions and in 203 countries human rights LGBT Measuring ANALYSIS and its GBGR improving Barbados of likelihood The dominance church’s the to Due low. remains score GBTR minorities LGBTI morals, and social attitudes over family, own their within repercussions of in fear reside of election with the However, life. social and church, Labour Barbados the and Mia Mottley Minister Prime will be homosexuality that hope is cautious there Party, equal rights for to decriminalized, carving pathway the community. LGBTI the - Within the Within the 24

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23 same year, a bus driver verbally attacked a female pas- a female attacked verbally a bus driver year, same should throat whose as a lesbian her to referring senger, agreed. passengers cut; the be Similarly, in May 2016, the Nation newspaper of Bar of newspaper Nation the 2016, in May Similarly, nonconforming a gender of raping the bados mocked medicine.” it is “male that stating individual, Throughout 2020, there have been reported incidents incidents reported been have 2020, there Throughout Alexa minorities. LGBTI against social discrimination of own in her attacked was activist, a trans Hoffman, police, the reporting to Despite 2018. in February home and slow had been investigation the that noted Hoffman attacker the recognized Hoffman though even negligent tenant. former as her Societal-Level Discrimination Discrimination Societal-Level In addition to this anecdotal evidence, activists and civil and activists evidence, this anecdotal In addition to reported consistently have in Barbados groups society with minorities, LGBTI against discrimination societal not It was social stigma. due to unreported cases most hold able to was Barbados that 2017 until November stride signifying its long LGBT pride, official its first identity equality. gender and orientation sexual towards

BARBADOS PAGE 4 fandmglobalbarometers.org Published 01/13/2021 Measuring LGBT human rights in 203 countries and regions and in 203 countries human rights LGBT Measuring 1 Berrera, Francisco. 2018. “I Have to Leave to Be Me.” Discriminatory Laws against LGBT People in the Eastern Caribbean. New York, NY: Human NY: York, New Caribbean. Eastern in the People LGBT against Discriminatory Laws Be Me.” to Leave to “I Have 2018. Francisco. 1 Berrera, Rights Watch. 2, 2020). June (accessed https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/easterncaribbean0318_web_0.pdf - Country Washing Barbados. Reports 2019. on Human Rights Practices: Labor. and Human Rights, Democracy, of Bureau Department State. of 2 U.S. State. US Dept. of D.C.: ton, 2, 2020). June (accessed https://www.state.gov/reports/2019-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/barbados/ 3 Ibid 4 Ibid Servitude Barbadian Slavery.” and Seventeenth-Century Origins of in the “Protestantism 2017. Michael. 5 Smith, (accessed https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10222/73299/Smith-Michael-MA-HIST-August-2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 2, 2020). June History Church 19(3): 171-86. Indies.” British West in the Christianity and 1950. “Slavery Robert Worthington. 6 Smith, 2, 2020). June (accessed www.jstor.org/stable/3161292 International. OutRight Action NY: York, New Barbados. a Glance: 2020. At International. 7 OutRight Action 2, 2020). June (accessed https://outrightinternational.org/region/barbados 8 Ibid. Trust Kingdom: Human Dignity United 2020. CountryBarbados. London, Profile: 9 Human Dignity Trust. 2, 2020). June (accessed https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/barbados/ 10 Ibid. International. OutRight Action NY: York, New Barbados. a Glance: 2020. At International. 11 OutRight Action 2, 2020). June (accessed https://outrightinternational.org/region/barbados Trust Kingdom: Human Dignity United 2020. CountryBarbados. London, Profile: 12 Human Dignity Trust. 2, 2020). June (accessed https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/barbados/ 13 Ibid. 14 Ibid. International. OutRight Action NY: York, New Barbados. a Glance: 2020. At International. 15 OutRight Action 2, 2020). June (accessed https://outrightinternational.org/region/barbados House. Freedom D.C.: Washington, 2020: Barbados. World in the 2020. Freedom House. 16 Freedom 2, 2020). June (accessed https://freedomhouse.org/country/barbados/freedom-world/2019 30. May Reporter Area Bay The minister.” prime female elects pro-LGBT “Barbados 2018. Heather. 17 Cassell, 2, 2020). June (accessed https://www.ebar.com/news/news//260630 18 Ibid. Human NY: York, New Caribbean. Eastern in the People LGBT against Discriminatory Laws Be Me.” to Leave to “I Have 2018. 19 Human Rights Watch. Rights Watch. 2, 2020). June (accessed https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/easterncaribbean0318_web_0.pdf 20 Ibid. Ibid. 21 22 Ibid. Trust Kingdom: Human Dignity United 2020. CountryBarbados. London, Profile: Human Dignity Trust. 23 2, 2020). June (accessed https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/barbados/ Justice. Gender RED for CODE medicine.”” as “male rape describes newspaper “Barbados 2016. 24 CODE RED. 3, 2020). June (accessed https://redforgender.wordpress.com/2016/05/27/barbados-newspaper-describes-rape-as-male-medicine/ Trust Human Dignity Kingdom: United 2020. CountryBarbados. London, Profile: 25 Human Dignity Trust. 2, 2020). June (accessed https://www.humandignitytrust.org/country-profile/barbados/ CITATIONS

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