Univerzita Karlova V Praze Filozofická Fakulta Ústav Germánských Studií

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Univerzita Karlova V Praze Filozofická Fakulta Ústav Germánských Studií Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav germánských studií Pavel Polák Camill Hoffmann. Eine Biographie Rigorózní práce Praha 2011 Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že jsem rigorózní práci vypracoval samostatně a že jsem uvedl všechny použité prameny a literaturu. V Praze, 15. ledna 2011 Pavel Polák v. r. 2 Camill Hoffmann. Eine Biographie 3 Camill Hoffmann (* 1878 Kolín † 1944 Auschwitz) „Gib zu, daß wir in einer höchst interessanten Zeit leben.“ C. H. 4 „Er geht einsam durch das Leben. Das Du weigert sich ihm, selbst dem geliebten Menschen kann er sich nicht ganz erschließen.“ Ruediger Engerth „Er wollte ein Mittler zwischen Deutschland und der Tschechoslowakei sein. Während die deutsche Literatur und die deutsche Musik in Prag hinreichend bekannt und verehrt wurde, wollte er in Berlin mit der tschechischen Musik und Dichtung bekannt machen.“ Elias Hurwicz „Es gibt zwei Seiten bei meinem Vater. Die eine ist der Dichter und die andere ist dann der spätere politische Diplomat. Und die zwei Seiten sind ganz getrennt. Die literarische Seite war meinem Vater in Wirklichkeit immer näher als die spätere politische Arbeit, die er gemacht hat.“ Edith Yapou 5 Danksagung Den Entschluss, diese Arbeit zu schreiben, fasste ich vor drei Jahren. Auf der Grundlage einer Unmenge von Briefen und Dokumenten, die auf viele Archive in mehreren Ländern verstreut sind, habe ich die Lebensgeschichte Camill Hoffmanns rekonstruiert. Dass ich diese Absicht verwirklichen konnte, verdanke ich den folgenden Institutionen: dem Deutschen Literaturarchiv in Marbach, dem Archiv des tschechischen Außenministeriums in Prag, dem Schweizerischen Literaturarchiv in Bern, dem Masaryk- Institut in Prag und dessen Archiv, dem Památník národního písemnictví in Prag, dem Landesarchiv in Kolín, dem Staatsarchiv in Prag, der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek in Wien, dem Arnold Schönberg-Archiv in Wien, der Staatsbibliothek in Berlin, dem Albert Einstein-Archiv in Jerusalem, der Jewish National and University Library in Jerusalem und dem Yad Vashem-Archiv in Jerusalem. Diese Arbeit verlangte wiederholte Studienreisen, die ohne finanzielle Unterstützung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Karls-Universität in Prag und des Österreichischen Austauschdienstes in Wien nicht denkbar gewesen wären. Mein Dank gehört des Weiteren vielen Einzelpersonen – allen voran Edith Yapou, der Tochter Camill Hoffmanns, mit der ich im Frühling 2005 in Jerusalem mehrere Abende im Gespräch verbrachte und die mir einen Einblick in das persönliche Leben ihres Vaters ermöglichte. Ohne sie wäre diese Arbeit nie entstanden. Zu großem Dank bin ich auch Doz. Dieter Sudhoff verpflichtet, der mir den Kontakt zu Frau Yapou vermittelte und dessen Studie über Camill Hoffmann mir öfters als Inspiration diente. Weiter danke ich Herrn Prof. Jiří Stromšík, dem Betreuer meiner Diplomarbeit, für die große Hilfsbereitschaft bei den Beratungen und für die noch größere Geduld im Laufe der Ausarbeitung dieser Arbeit. Meinem Studienkollegen Maurice Keller danke ich für die zahlreichen sprachlichen Konsultationen. Ich danke auch Camill Hoffmann, dass er ein außergewöhnliches Zeugnis über seine Zeit hinterlassen hat. 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Ein vergessenes Leben .........................................................................................................8 2. Kolín (1873 – 1889)...............................................................................................................9 Die Glocken der Heimat.............................................................................................................. 9 Eindrucksvolle böhmische Landschaft...................................................................................... 11 3. Prag (1889 – 1899)..............................................................................................................13 Camill Hoffmanns Prager Lehrjahre......................................................................................... 13 Die junge Künstlergeneration um Paul Leppin......................................................................... 15 Deutsche Kultur, böhmische Heimat ........................................................................................ 17 4. Wien (1900 – 1912) .............................................................................................................19 Fin de siecle an der Donau........................................................................................................ 19 Mehr Journalist als Dichter ....................................................................................................... 20 Kritischer Übersetzer der tschechischen Literatur .................................................................... 24 „Ein liebes Mädchen ...“ ........................................................................................................... 26 5. Dresden (1912 – 1919)........................................................................................................29 Redakteur der sächsischen Zeitung........................................................................................... 29 Umzug in die Künstlerkolonie .................................................................................................. 30 Sympathien für den Expressionismus ....................................................................................... 31 Gegen Krieg, gegen Nationalismus, für Revolution ................................................................. 33 Wieder nach Prag ...................................................................................................................... 35 6. Berlin (1920 – 1938)............................................................................................................37 Presseattaché der tschechoslowakischen Gesandtschaft ........................................................... 37 Im Kampf um den guten Ruf der Tschechoslowakei................................................................ 38 Hofübersetzter des Präsidenten................................................................................................. 39 Vermittler der tschechischen Kunst .......................................................................................... 43 Berliner Künstler bei den Hoffmanns zu Gast .......................................................................... 46 „Alles ist Liebe, wenn du es sagst.“.......................................................................................... 49 Hitler ante portas....................................................................................................................... 50 Tschechoslowakischer Nachrichtendienst................................................................................. 54 Rückkehr nach Prag .................................................................................................................. 56 7. Prag (1938 – 1942)..............................................................................................................57 Geschlagene Hauptstadt............................................................................................................ 57 Freiwilliger Berichterstatter ...................................................................................................... 58 Als Jude in Prag ........................................................................................................................ 59 „der Verkehr mit Büchern ist angenehmer als mit den Menschen“.......................................... 62 8. Nach Theresienstadt und Auschwitz (1942 – 1944).........................................................65 Allmächtige Gestapo................................................................................................................. 65 Ghetto an der Eger .................................................................................................................... 66 „Durch Träume kommst Du auf meines Herzens Ruf“............................................................. 68 Theresienstädter Prominent....................................................................................................... 69 Der letzte Transport in den Osten ............................................................................................. 71 9. Die Welt von gestern ..........................................................................................................73 10. Anhang ................................................................................................................................75 Camill Hoffmanns Bibliographie.............................................................................................. 75 Sein Werk ............................................................................................................................. 75 Übersetzungen ...................................................................................................................... 76 Anthologien, in denen Hoffmanns Gedichte und Prosa veröffentlicht wurden.................... 77 Erinnerungen an Camill Hoffmann........................................................................................... 79 Resumé ........................................................................................................................................110 Resümee.......................................................................................................................................112 Literaturverzeichnis...................................................................................................................114
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