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Cover Page the Handle Holds Various Files of This Leiden University Dissertation. Author: Lima
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/85723 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Lima Santiago J. de Title: Zoonímia Histórico-comparativa: Denominações dos antílopes em bantu Issue Date: 2020-02-26 729 ANEXO 1: TABELA RECAPITULATIVA DAS PROTOFORMAS Nas protoformas provenientes do BLR (2003) e nas reconstruções de outros autores (majoritariamente, Mouguiama & Hombert, 2006), as classes nominais em negrito e sublinhadas, são sugestões da autora da tese. Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-bʊ́dʊ́kʊ́ °-bʊ́dʊ́gʊ́ (cl. 9/10, 12/13) °-cénda (cl. 12/13) Philantomba °-cótɩ́ monticola (cl. 12/13) *-kùengà > °-kùèngà (cl. 11/5, 7/8) °°-cécɩ/ °°-cétɩ (cl. 9/10, 12/13) *-pàmbı ́ °-pàmbɩ́ (cl. 9/10) °-dòbò Cephalophus (cl. 3+9/4, nigrifrons 5/6) *-pùmbɩ̀dɩ̀ °-pùmbèèdɩ̀ (cl. 9/10, 9/6) 730 Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-jʊ́mbɩ̀ (cl. 9/10, 3/4) °°-cʊ́mbɩ (cl. 9/10, 5/6, 7/8, 11/10) *-jìbʊ̀ °-tʊ́ndʊ́ Cephalophus (cl. 9/10) (cl. 9/10) silvicultor °°-bɩ́mbà °-bɩ̀mbà (cl. 9/10) °-kʊtɩ (cl. 9, 3) *-kʊ́dʊ̀pà/ °-bɩ́ndɩ́ *-kúdùpà (cl. 9/10, 7/8, (cl. 9/10) 3, 12/13) Cephalophus dorsalis °°-cíbʊ̀ °-pòmbɩ̀ (cl. 7/8) (cl. 9/10) °°-cʊmɩ >°-cʊmɩ́ °-gindà (cl. 9) Cephalophus (cl. 3/4) callipygus °°-cábè >°-cábà (cl. 9/10, 7/8) °°-bɩ̀jɩ̀ (cl. 9) 731 Significados Reconstruções Propostas Propostas do BLR e de de correções (De Lima outros autores Santiago) *-bengeda >°-bèngédè °-cégé (cl.9/10) (cl. 9/10) °°-àngàdà >°-jàngàdà Cephalophus (cl. -
Kanembu-Kaniri Relationship
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs 268, Band 8, Frankfurt a.M. 1996: 37-47 KANEMBU-KANURI RELATIONSHIP: A PROPOSAL1 Shettima Umara Bulakarima Abstract The paper takes recourse to oral tradition and linguistics to ascertain the assertion that the present-day Kanuri and Kanembu speech forms emerged from the same parent language. In determining the parent language, the descriptions of the various components (i.e. clans and ethnic groups) of Kanuri and Kanembu are given as a first basis and the relation of each dialect of Kanuri and Kanembu to the other (i.e. dialect contiguity) is demonstrated as a second basis. Taking into consideration the sociolinguistic background of both Kanuri and Kanembu, the brief history of their divergence, the strong contention of the Borno Ulama and the dialect contiguity of the data presented, the paper concludes that Kanuri and Kanembu are initially one and the same language with ancient classical Kanembu being the parent language. Kanembu-Kanuri relationship: a proposal Introduction The close genetic relationship of a group of languages referred to as Saharan, was recognised about one and a half centuries ago. This was evident in BARTH (1965), NACHTIGAL (1987), LUKAS (1951), TUCKER and BRYAN (1956), GREENBERG (1966) and CYFFER (1981, 1990, 1991). Based on the genetic classification model of LUKAS (1951), GREENBERG (1966), PETRACEK (1966, 1978 and 1979) and CYFFER (1981 and 1990), the Saharan languages can be modelled as fig. 1 below. 1 I am grateful to the following colleagues for their academic criticisms/contributions which brought the paper to its present stage: A. -
Philological Sciences. Linguistics” / Journal of Language Relationship Issue 3 (2010)
Российский государственный гуманитарный университет Russian State University for the Humanities RGGU BULLETIN № 5/10 Scientific Journal Series “Philological Sciences. Linguistics” / Journal of Language Relationship Issue 3 (2010) Moscow 2010 ВЕСТНИК РГГУ № 5/10 Научный журнал Серия «Филологические науки. Языкознание» / «Вопросы языкового родства» Выпуск 3 (2010) Москва 2010 УДК 81(05) ББК 81я5 Главный редактор Е.И. Пивовар Заместитель главного редактора Д.П. Бак Ответственный секретарь Б.Г. Власов Главный художник В.В. Сурков Редакционный совет серии «Филологические науки. Языкознание» / «Вопросы языкового родства» Председатель Вяч. Вс. Иванов (Москва – Лос-Анджелес) М. Е. Алексеев (Москва) В. Блажек (Брно) У. Бэкстер (Анн Арбор) В. Ф. Выдрин (Санкт-Петербург) М. Гелл-Манн (Санта Фе) А. Б. Долгопольский (Хайфа) Ф. Кортландт (Лейден) А. Лубоцкий (Лейден) Редакционная коллегия серии: В. А. Дыбо (главный редактор) Г. С. Старостин (заместитель главного редактора) Т. А. Михайлова (ответственный секретарь) К. В. Бабаев С. Г. Болотов А. В. Дыбо О. А. Мудрак В. Е. Чернов ISSN 1998-6769 © Российский государственный гуманитарный университет, 2010 УДК 81(05) ББК 81я5 Вопросы языкового родства: Международный научный журнал / Рос. гос. гуманитар. ун-т; Рос. Акад. наук. Ин-т языкознания; под ред. В. А. Дыбо. ― М., 2010. ― № 3. ― X + 176 с. ― (Вестник РГГУ: Научный журнал; Серия «Филологические науки. Языко- знание»; № 05/10). Journal of Language Relationship: International Scientific Periodical / Russian State Uni- versity for the Humanities; Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Linguistics; Ed. by V. A. Dybo. ― Moscow, 2010. ― Nº 3. ― X + 176 p. ― (RSUH Bulletin: Scientific Periodical; Linguistics Series; Nº 05/10). ISSN 1998-6769 http ://journal.nostratic.ru [email protected] Дополнительные знаки: С. -
Ancient and New Arabic Loans in Chadic Sergio Saldi
u L p A Ancient and University of New Arabic Loans Leipzig Papers on in Chadic Afrlca ! Languages and Literatures Sergio Saldi No.07 1999 University of Leipzig Papers on Africa Languages and Literatures Series No. 07 Ancient and New Arabic Loans in Chadic by Sergio Baldi Leipzig, 1999 ISBN: 3-932632-35-4 Orders should be addressed to: / Bestellungen an: Institut für Afrikanistik, Universität Leipzig Augustusplatz 9 D - 04109 Leipzig Phone: (0049)-(0)341-9737037 Fax: (0049)-(0)341-9737048 Em@il: [email protected] Internet: http://www. uni-leipzig.derifa/ulpa.htm University of Leipzie- Papers on Afrlca Languages and Literatures Serles Editor: H. Ekkehard Wolff Layout and Graphics: Toralf Richter Ancient and New Arabic Loans in Chadic Sergio Baldi Baldi, Ancient and New Arabic Loans in Chadic l Introduction1 Chadic languages have been influenced by Arabic at differents levels. Apart from Hausa which is a special case considering its diffusion on a very !arge area where sometimes it is spoken as a lingua franca, other Chadic languages have been in linguistic contact with Arabic, too. This paper illustrates the diffusion of Arabic loans among those Chadic languages for which it was possible to collect material through dictionaries and other sources listed at the end in References. As far as I know this is the first survey in Chadic languages on this topic, besides Hausa. Tue difficulty to do such work relates to the scarcity and sometimes inaccessability2) even ofpublished data. Also, works of only the last few decades are reliable. Tue languages taken into consideration are: Bidiya, Kotoko, Lame, Mafa, Mokilko, Musgu, Pero, Tangale and Tumak. -
Still No Evidence for an Ancient Language Expansion from Africa
Supporting Online Material for Still no evidence for an ancient language expansion from Africa Michael Cysouw, Dan Dediu and Steven Moran email: [email protected] Table of contents 1. Materials and Methods 1.1. Data 1.2. Measuring phoneme inventory size 1.3. Geographic distribution of phoneme inventory size 1.4. Correlation with speaker community size 1.5. Distribution over macroareas 1.6. Global clines of phoneme inventory size 1.7. Global clines of other WALS features 1.8. Searching for an origin: analysis of Atkinson’s BIC-based methodology 1.9. Software packages used 2. Supporting Text 2.1. About the term ‘phonemic diversity’ 2.2. Stability of phoneme inventory size 2.3. About the serial founder effect in human evolution and language 3. Tables 4. References 2 1. Materials and Methods 1.1. Data The linguistic parameter that Atkinson (S1) investigates is the size of the phoneme inventory of a language. Although the acoustic variation of possible linguistic utterances is basically continuous in nature, humans discretely categorize this continuous variation into distinctive groups, called phonemes. This discretization is language-specific, i.e. different languages have their own structure of distinctive groups. Empirically it turns out that some languages have more groups (i.e they divide phonetic space into more fine-grained distinctive phonemes), while other distinguish less phonemic clusters of sounds. To investigate variation in phoneme inventory size, it would have been straightforward for Atkinson to use data on the actual number of phonemic distinctions in different languages. Much of what is known about phoneme inventories is based on the UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (UPSID; S2). -
The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1St Edition Free
FREE THE EASTERN SUDANIC LANGUAGES 1ST EDITION PDF A N Tucker | 9781351610070 | | | | | Arabic Literature of Africa, Volume 1 Writings of Eastern Sudanic Africa to c. | Brill Central Sudanic is a family of about sixty languages that have been included in the proposed Nilo-Saharan language family. Blench suggests that Central Sudanic influenced the development of the noun-class system characteristic of the Niger—Congo languages. Half a dozen groups of Central Sudanic languages are generally accepted as valid. They are customarily divided into East and West branches. Mangbutu—Lese 5. Bongo—Bagirmi 40 languages. Starostin notes that the poorly attested language Mimi of Decorse is suggestive of Central Sudanic, though he provisionally treats it as an isolate. Boyeldieu states that the inclusion of Kresh has yet to be demonstrated, but Starostin finds good support, with Birri being its The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition relative. Lionel Bender classifies the Central Sudanic languages as follows, with Central Sudanic bifurcating into a Peripheral branch and a Central branch. Comparison of numerals in individual languages: [4]. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Eastern Central Sudanic languages. Central Sudanic — Kadu? Glottolog 3. Numeral Systems of The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition World's Languages. Blench, Roger. Central Sudanic overview. Core and peripheral noun morphology in Central Sudanic languages. On MimiJournal of Language Relationship, v. Central Sudanic languages. Furu Tar Gula Yulu. Kaba Deme Kaba Na The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition. Ruto Vale. Fongoro Yulu Birri? Asoa Lombi Mangbetu. Lendu Ngiti Ndrulo. Ma'di Olu'bo. Mimi of Decorse. Italics indicate extinct languages. -
The Syntactic Diversity of Sauxov in West Africa Hannah Sande Georgetown University Nico Baier Mcgill University Peter Jenks UC Berkeley
Chapter 34 The syntactic diversity of SAuxOV in West Africa Hannah Sande Georgetown University Nico Baier McGill University Peter Jenks UC Berkeley Surface SAuxOV orders abound in West Africa. We demonstrate that apparent ex- amples of this word order have important structural differences across languages. We show that SAuxOV orders in some languages are due to mixed clausal headed- ness, consisting of a head initial TP and head-final VP, though this order can be concealed by verb movement. Other languages are more consistently head-initial, and what appear to be SAuxOV orders arise in limited syntactic contexts due to specific syntactic constructions such as object shift or nominalized complements. Finally, we show that languages which have genuine SAuxOV, corresponding to a head-final VP, tend to exhibit head-final properties more generally. This obser- vation supports the idea that syntactic typology is most productively framed in terms of structural analyses of languages rather than the existence of surface word orders. 1 Introduction The order subject-auxiliary-object-verb (SAuxOV) is quite common across West Africa. At the same time, it is well-known that syntactic differences exist among the languages with this surface order (Creissels 2005). Our goal in this paper is to identify structural differences across languages for which SAuxOV order occurs, Hannah Sande, Nico Baier & Peter Jenks. 2019. The syntactic diversity of SAuxOV in West Africa. In Emily Clem, Peter Jenks & Hannah Sande (eds.), Theory and descrip- tion in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, 667–701. Berlin: Language Science Press. -
The Emergence of Hausa As a National Lingua Franca in Niger
Ahmed Draia University – Adrar Université Ahmed Draia Adrar-Algérie Faculty of Letters and Languages Department of English Letters and Language A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Master’s Degree in Linguistics and Didactics The Emergence of Hausa as a National Lingua Franca in Niger Presented by: Supervised by: Moussa Yacouba Abdoul Aziz Pr. Bachir Bouhania Academic Year: 2015-2016 Abstract The present research investigates the causes behind the emergence of Hausa as a national lingua franca in Niger. Precisely, the research seeks to answer the question as to why Hausa has become a lingua franca in Niger. To answer this question, a sociolinguistic approach of language spread or expansion has been adopted to see whether it applies to the Hausa language. It has been found that the emergence of Hausa as a lingua franca is mainly attributed to geo-historical reasons such as the rise of Hausa states in the fifteenth century, the continuous processes of migration in the seventeenth century which resulted in cultural and linguistic assimilation, territorial expansion brought about by the spread of Islam in the nineteenth century, and the establishment of long-distance trade by the Hausa diaspora. Moreover, the status of Hausa as a lingua franca has recently been maintained by socio- cultural factors represented by the growing use of the language for commercial and cultural purposes as well as its significance in education and media. These findings arguably support the sociolinguistic view regarding the impact of society on language expansion, that the widespread use of language is highly determined by social factors. -
The Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics Edited by H
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-40618-5 — The Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics Edited by H. Ekkehard Wolff Index More Information Index Note: Pages numbers in italics refer to figures and tables Khung. See Xuun adjective, 170, 171, 194, 195, 217, 219, 221, 223, Kora. See Ora(-Xin) 268, 279, 298, 308, 312, 316, 321, 322, ǃXóõ. See Xoonǃ 398, 400, 402, 404–407, 409, 411–415, ǃXun, 176,ǃ 187 453, 459, 517, 526 ǃOra-Xiri†,ǃ 108, 385, 400 Adlam, 569 ǃUi, 168, 184, 385, 387, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 407, Adona, 249 ǃ 412, 413 Afade, 271 ǃXoon, 113, 114, 385, 392, 401, 402, 403, 406, Afar, 73, 74, 249, 259, 299, 302, 306, 308, 578, 407, 412 590 ǃXuun, 110, 176, 187, 385 affricate, 198, 273, 301, 347, 390, 391 ’Auni, 385 Afghanistan, 558 ’Nǃ ǀoha, 385 Afitti, 359, 361, 365, 378 ǀHaasi, 385 Afrasian. See Afroasiatic ǀXaise, 385 Africa (geographic, regional), 3–15, 17–29, 33, ǀXam, 110, 385, 403, 405 37, 39, 40, 43–45, 47–49, 51–53, 55, 56, /xam-ka- e. See ǀXam 59, 67, 68, 70, 73, 86, 87, 90, 94, 96, 98, ǁAni, 385, 400 101, 106, 109, 110, 117, 119, 121, 124, ǁXo, 385 ǃ 125, 128, 130–132, 135, 149, 152, 160, ǁXom, 385 161, 165–172, 174, 176, 179–181, 183, ǂ’Amkoe, 385, 386, 388, 395, 405, 406, 407, 414 184, 187–190, 212, 213, 215, 243–248, ǂAakhoe, 385, 386, 401, 410 250–252, 254, 262, 265, 299, 385, 419– ǂHoan, 385, 405, 407, 414, 415 423, 426, 428, 429, 431–436, 439–447, ǂKx’aoǁ’ae, 385, 415 450, 455, 457, 458, 463–472, 478, 482– 484, 487, 488, 491, 492, 503, 512–515, Aari, 298, 304, 307 518, 523–525, 531–533, 535, 536, 538, Aasax, -
Marketing Fragment 6 X 10.T65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87611-7 - A Linguistic Geography of Africa Edited by Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse Index More information Index Aari 277 consonant types 40–1 ablative, grammaticalization 235–6, 237–8 distinctively African characteristics 26 accusative case marking 253 distribution of case languages 251 accusative languages 253, 254 distribution of typological properties 31 Adamawa languages 31 documentation of languages 86, 103, 153, Adamawa-Ubangi languages 18 224 ATR vowel harmony 158 genetic relationships among languages 12, features of the Macro-Sudan belt 167 34 labial flaps 165 history of 1 labial-velar stops 157 phonological features 10 in the Macro-Sudan belt 178 prosodic features 68–80 minimal-augmented pronoun systems 169 relative frequency of typological properties question intonation 79 29 word order 161, 162, 164, 167 segmental features 39–68 adjectives 125–6, 279 specific properties 10, 28–34 paucity of 21 typological features 11 position of 279 typological relationships among 1 possibilities of expansion 125 variation space 36 reduplication of 21 African linguistics, history of 170–4 adpositions 124–5, 145, 280 genealogical super-group 173–4 adverbs 126, 237, 304 Greenberg’s nuclear African area 172–3 Afar 140 morpholosyntactic features 11, 148 Afitti 285 Niger-Kordofanian þ Nilo-Saharan Africa 15–33 super-group 173–4 ‘‘Africanisms’’ 19–27 Westermann’s Sudansprachen 170–2 as an areal-typological unit 10 ‘‘Africanisms’’ 18, 19–27, 39 comparative linguistics 17–18 gender or noun class systems 19 evidence for -
Annex A: Democratic Republic of Congo
Annex A. Summary of the Early Grade Reading Materials Survey in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Geography and Demographics 2,344,858 square Size: kilometers (km2) Population: 79 million (2015) Capital: Kinshasa Urban: 43% (2015) Administrative Divisions: 26 provinces Religion: 70% Christian 10% Kimbanguist 10% Muslim 10% Other Source: Central Intelligence Agency (2015). Note: Population and percentages are rounded. Literacy Projected 2013 Primary School 2015 Age Population (aged 11 million Literacy a a 6–11 years): Rates: Overall Male Female Adult (aged 2013 Primary School 77% 89% 66% 113%, up from 53% in 1999 >15 years) GER:a Youth (aged 2013 Pre-primary 86% 92% 80% 4%, up from 1% in 1999 15–24 years) School GER:a Mean: 17.5 (boy)/23.5 (girl) Language: French correct words per minute When: 2014 Oral Reading Standard deviation: Fluency: 2.4 (boy)/2.0 (girl) Sample (formerc) Equateur Where: EGRA Province Results:b 30% zero scores Fewer than 5% reading with ≥80% Reading comprehension Who: 208 students in P4 Comprehension: 69% zero scores Note: EGRA = Early Grade Reading Assessment; GER = Gross Enrollment Rate; P4 = Primary Grade 4. Percentages are rounded. a Source: UNESCO (2015). b Source: RTI International (2015). c In June–July 2015, the country’s 10 provinces were subdivided into 26 provinces. This was the name of the province at the time of data collection. Language Number of Living Languages:a 210 Major Languagesb Estimated Populationc Government Recognized Statusd French 6,080,000 (L2) (2007)e “Official” language 60 DERP in Africa—Reading -
1995 ORTESOL Journal 16
THE ORTESOL J OURNAL Oregon Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages Volume 16 1995 The ORTESOL Journal Editors Kathryn Harris Stephen Stoynoff Portland State University Oregon Stale University Editorial Board Peggy Dame Suzanne Griffin University of Oregon South Seattle Community College Gisela Ernst Ernest Hall Washington Slate University University of British Columbia Mary Fulton Deborah Healey Portland Public Schools Oregon State University Molly Williams Clackamas Community College Journal or the Oregon Teachers of English to Speakers or Other Languages Volume 16 1995 ORTESOL is a not-for-profit organization whose purposes are to raise the level of professional instruction in TESOL by providing opportunities for discussing, studying, and sharing information about TESOL and Bilingual Education, and to cooperate in appropriate ways with other groups having similar concerns. Benefits of membership include all issues of 1he ORTESOL Newsleller and 1he ORTESOL Journal, special members' rates for the annual Fall and Spring ORTESOL Conferences, and a variety of olher services and opportunities for professional development. ORTESOLJournal subscription and advertising information may be obtained by writing to the Editor, 1he ORTESOL Journal, Department of Applied Linguistics, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207. Copyright o 1995 Oregon Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages Credits: Prepared by Pali Sluys Printing/binding by Oregon State University THE ORTESOL JOURNAL Volume 16, 1995 Articles Developing ESL Programs for a Rural Community: A Needs Analysis of Latino Immigrants in Jefferson, Oregon 1 Terry Camacho-Dickey A Teaching Technique for the Definite Article in English 19 Diane Tehrani The ESL-Academic Performance Relationship 39 Coleman South Teaching Notes Summary Writing 63 Kay M.