DOCSLIB.ORG

The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1St Edition Free

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1St Edition Free FREE THE EASTERN SUDANIC LANGUAGES 1ST EDITION PDF A N Tucker | 9781351610070 | | | | | Arabic Literature of Africa, Volume 1 Writings of Eastern Sudanic Africa to c. | Brill Central Sudanic is a family of about sixty languages that have been included in the proposed Nilo-Saharan language family. Blench suggests that Central Sudanic influenced the development of the noun-class system characteristic of the Niger—Congo languages. Half a dozen groups of Central Sudanic languages are generally accepted as valid. They are customarily divided into East and West branches. Mangbutu—Lese 5. Bongo—Bagirmi 40 languages. Starostin notes that the poorly attested language Mimi of Decorse is suggestive of Central Sudanic, though he provisionally treats it as an isolate. Boyeldieu states that the inclusion of Kresh has yet to be demonstrated, but Starostin finds good support, with Birri being its The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition relative. Lionel Bender classifies the Central Sudanic languages as follows, with Central Sudanic bifurcating into a Peripheral branch and a Central branch. Comparison of numerals in individual languages: [4]. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Eastern Central Sudanic languages. Central Sudanic — Kadu? Glottolog 3. Numeral Systems of The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition World's Languages. Blench, Roger. Central Sudanic overview. Core and peripheral noun morphology in Central Sudanic languages. On MimiJournal of Language Relationship, v. Central Sudanic languages. Furu Tar Gula Yulu. Kaba Deme Kaba Na The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition. Ruto Vale. Fongoro Yulu Birri? Asoa Lombi Mangbetu. Lendu Ngiti Ndrulo. Ma'di Olu'bo. Mimi of Decorse. Italics indicate extinct languages. Nilo-Saharan languages. Kunama Kuliak Ongota? Eastern Jebel Nara Nilotic Surmic. Daju Nubian Nyimang Tama Temein. Authority control LCCN : sh Categories : Central Sudanic languages Language families. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Central Sudanic. Central Sudanic languages in Africa. Mangbetu 2—3. Lendu 2—3. Moru—Madi Birri 1. Kresh 2. For a list of words relating to Central Sudanic languages, see the Central Sudanic languages category of words in Wiktionarythe free dictionary. LCCN : sh Eastern Sudanic languages | Britannica Eastern Sudanic languagesa group of languages representing the most diverse of the major divisions within the Nilo-Saharan language family. These languages are spoken from southern Egypt in the north to Tanzania in the south and from Ethiopia and Eritrea in the east to Chad in the west. During the first half of the 20th century, the term Eastern Sudanic was also used to refer to the eastern members of a larger The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition of languages then called Sudanic. Nilotic and Nubian are the two most important groups of the Eastern Sudanic languages. The Kuliak languages, spoken by only a few small communities in Uganda known as The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition TeusoSoo, and Tepes, are surrounded by speakers of Nilotic languages. In this linguistically complex area, several Nilo-Saharan groups—Surmic or Surma, also known as Didinga-Murle, after two of its membersEastern Jebel, and Berta, in the angle formed by the Blue Nile in Ethiopia and the Sudan border—are interspersed with Afro-Asiatic groups mainly groups speaking languages belonging to the Cushitic and Omotic branches of that family. The The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition of the Nera also known as Barea, a name they consider to be pejorativewho were first mentioned in a The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition inscription by King Ezana of Aksum, adjoins that of the Eritrean speakers of Kunama and Ilit languages. Eastern Sudanic languages Article Additional Info. Print Cite. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree See Article History. Britannica Quiz. Destination Africa: Fact or Fiction? Learn More in these related Britannica articles:. History at your fingertips. Sign up here to see what happened On This Dayevery day in your inbox! Email address. By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Sudanic languages | Britannica Sudanic languagesany of the African languages spoken from Ethiopia in the east to Senegal in the west. Unrelated languages were included in the various groupings classified by some early scholars as Sudanic, usually on the basis of geographic or other nonlinguistic grounds. The term Sudanic languages includes all the languages that are now classified as Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharanas well as a few classified as Afro-Asiatic. Sudanic languages Article The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition Info. Print Cite. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback. Let us know if you The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree See Article History. Britannica Quiz. Exploring Africa: Fact or Fiction? Learn More in these related Britannica articles:. The Fulani came from the Niger basin in two waves, in the 11th and 19th centuries; they were Muslims who converted and subjugated the peoples of the Logone valley…. Niger-Congo languagesa family of languages of Africa, which in terms of the number of languages spoken, their geographic extent, and the number of speakers is by far the largest language family in Africa. The area in which these languages are spoken The Eastern Sudanic Languages 1st edition from Dakar, Senegal, at the westernmost tip…. Nilo- Saharan languagesa group of languages that form one of the four language stocks or families on the African continent, the others being Afro- Asiatic, Khoisan, and Niger-Congo. The Nilo-Saharan languages are presumed to be descended from a common ancestral language and, therefore, to be genetically related. The family covers major…. History at your fingertips. Sign up here to see what happened On This Dayevery day in your inbox! Email address. By signing up, you agree to our Privacy Notice. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nilo-Saharan’
    11 Linguistic Features and Typologies in Languages Commonly Referred to as ‘Nilo-Saharan’ Gerrit J. Dimmendaal, Colleen Ahland, Angelika Jakobi, and Constance Kutsch Lojenga 11.1 Introduction The phylum referred to today as Nilo- Saharan (occasionally also Nilosaharan) was established by Greenberg (1963). It consists of a core of language families already argued to be genetically related in his earlier classiication of African languages (Greenberg 1955:110–114), consisting of Eastern Sudanic, Central Sudanic, Kunama, and Berta, and grouped under the name Macrosudanic; this language family was renamed Chari- Nile in his 1963 contribution after a suggestion by the Africanist William Welmers. In his 1963 classiication, Greenberg hypothesized that Nilo- Saharan consists of Chari- Nile and ive other languages or language fam- ilies treated as independent units in his earlier study: Songhay (Songhai), Saharan, Maban, Fur, and Koman (Coman). Bender (1997) also included the Kadu languages in Sudan in his sur- vey of Nilo-Saharan languages; these were classiied as members of the Kordofanian branch of Niger-Kordofanian by Greenberg (1963) under the name Tumtum. Although some progress has been made in our knowledge of the Kadu languages, they remain relatively poorly studied, and there- fore they are not further discussed here, also because actual historical evi- dence for their Nilo- Saharan afiliation is rather weak. Whereas there is a core of language groups now widely assumed to belong to Nilo- Saharan as a phylum or macro- family, the genetic afiliation of families such as Koman and Songhay is also disputed (as for the Kadu languages). For this reason, these latter groups are discussed separately from what is widely considered to form the core of Nilo- Saharan, Central Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core.
    [Show full text]
  • Marketing Fragment 6 X 10.T65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87611-7 - A Linguistic Geography of Africa Edited by Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse Index More information Index Aari 277 consonant types 40–1 ablative, grammaticalization 235–6, 237–8 distinctively African characteristics 26 accusative case marking 253 distribution of case languages 251 accusative languages 253, 254 distribution of typological properties 31 Adamawa languages 31 documentation of languages 86, 103, 153, Adamawa-Ubangi languages 18 224 ATR vowel harmony 158 genetic relationships among languages 12, features of the Macro-Sudan belt 167 34 labial flaps 165 history of 1 labial-velar stops 157 phonological features 10 in the Macro-Sudan belt 178 prosodic features 68–80 minimal-augmented pronoun systems 169 relative frequency of typological properties question intonation 79 29 word order 161, 162, 164, 167 segmental features 39–68 adjectives 125–6, 279 specific properties 10, 28–34 paucity of 21 typological features 11 position of 279 typological relationships among 1 possibilities of expansion 125 variation space 36 reduplication of 21 African linguistics, history of 170–4 adpositions 124–5, 145, 280 genealogical super-group 173–4 adverbs 126, 237, 304 Greenberg’s nuclear African area 172–3 Afar 140 morpholosyntactic features 11, 148 Afitti 285 Niger-Kordofanian þ Nilo-Saharan Africa 15–33 super-group 173–4 ‘‘Africanisms’’ 19–27 Westermann’s Sudansprachen 170–2 as an areal-typological unit 10 ‘‘Africanisms’’ 18, 19–27, 39 comparative linguistics 17–18 gender or noun class systems 19 evidence for
    [Show full text]
  • 2. Historical Linguistics and Genealogical Language Classification in Africa1 Tom Güldemann
    2. Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa1 Tom Güldemann 2.1. African language classification and Greenberg (1963a) 2.1.1. Introduction For quite some time, the genealogical classification of African languages has been in a peculiar situation, one which is linked intricably to Greenberg’s (1963a) study. His work is without doubt the single most important contribution in the classifi- cation history of African languages up to now, and it is unlikely to be equaled in impact by any future study. This justifies framing major parts of this survey with respect to his work. The peculiar situation referred to above concerns the somewhat strained rela- tionship between most historical linguistic research pursued by Africanists in the 1 This chapter would not have been possible without the help and collaboration of various people and institutions. First of all, I would like to thank Harald Hammarström, whose comprehensive collection of linguistic literature enormously helped my research, with whom I could fruitfully discuss numerous relevant topics, and who commented in detail on a first draft of this study. My special thanks also go to Christfried Naumann, who has drawn the maps with the initial assistence of Mike Berger. The Department of Linguistics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig under Bernhard Comrie supported the first stage of this research by financing two student assistents, Holger Kraft and Carsten Hesse; their work and the funding provided are gratefully acknowledged. The Humboldt University of Berlin provided the funds for organizing the relevant International Workshop “Genealogical language classification in Africa beyond Greenberg” held in Berlin in 2010 (see https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • Retroflexion: an Areal Feature. Working Papers on Language Universals, No
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 105 719 FL 006 324 AUTHOR Bhat, D.N.S. TITLE Retroflexion: An Areal Feature. Working Papers on Language Universals, No. 13. INSTITUTION Stanford Univ., Calif. Committee on Linguistics. PUB DATE Dec 73 NOTE 43p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$1.95 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Articulation (Speech); Consonants; *Diachronic Linguistics; Distinctive Features; *Language Universals; Language Variation; Phonemics; *Phonetics; *Phonology; Pronunciation; Uncommonly Taught Languages; Vowels IDENTIFIERS *Retroflexion ABSTRACT The phenomenon of retroflexion is discussed, and its occurrence in about 150 selected languages is examined from a geographical and a diachronic point of view. The clustering of such languages into distinct areas has been explained through the postulation of a hypothesis regarding their development in language. After a detailed examination of four different areas of retroflexion, their known history, and the present position of retroflexion in them, an attempt is made to generalize the environments that induce retroflexion in a given sound, and also to postulate developmental tendencies. Lastly, the place of retroflexion isa system of phonics is explained. (Author/AM) Working Papers on Language Universals No. 13, December 1973 pp. 27- 67 RETROFLEXI011.: AN AREAL FEATURE D.N.S. That Language Universals Project, and Deccan College, Poona ABSTRACT The occurrence of retroflexion in about 150 selected languages is examined in this paper from a geographical and a diachronic point of view. The clustering of such languages into distinct areas has been explained through the postulation of a hypothesis regarding their devel- opment in language. After a detailed examination of four different areas of retroflexion, their known history, and the present position of retroflexion in them, an attempt is made to generalize the environ- ments that induce retroflexion in a given sound, and also to postulate developmental tendencies.Lastly, the place of retroflexion in a system of phonetics is explained.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Sudanic Overview
    CENTRAL SUDANIC OVERVIEW DRAFT Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Correspondence address: 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans 0044-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Roger Blench: Central Sudanic languages Draft for publication submission TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Central Sudanic within Nilo-Saharan 1 1.2 The history and culture of Central Sudanic languages 1 2. Classification................................................................................................................................................ 2 3. Subgroups .................................................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Sara-Bongo-Bagirmi 3 3.2 Kresh-Aja 6 3.3 Biri 6 3.4 Formona-Sinyar [FS] 7 3.5 Mangbutu-Efe 7 3.6 Mangbetu-Asua 7 3.7 Lendu-Ngiti 8 3.8 Moru-Maɗi 8 4. Linguistic features (preliminary only)....................................................................................................... 9 4.1 Phonology 9 4.1 Vowels................................................................................................................................................ 9 4.2 Consonants ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Core and Periphery in Central Sudanic.Pdf
    CORE AND PERIPHERAL NOUN MORPHOLOGY IN CENTRAL SUDANIC LANGUAGES Submitted for proceedings of: 13th Nilo-Saharan Conference University of Addis Ababa, 6th May, 2017 Roger Blench McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Department of History, University of Jos Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Roger Blench: The Central Sudanic languages Draft TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Classification ............................................................................................................................................... 2 3. Phonology..................................................................................................................................................... 3 4. Morphology: core and periphery .............................................................................................................. 4 4.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 4 4.2 The prevalence of CV roots .................................................................................................................... 5 5. Morphological processes
    [Show full text]
  • Some Thoughts on the Early History of the Nile-Congo Watershed
    UCLA Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies Title Some Thoughts on the Early History of the Nile-Congo Watershed Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2gd85265 Journal Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 5(2) ISSN 0041-5715 Author Ehret, Christopher Publication Date 1974 DOI 10.5070/F752017505 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California - 85 - g)f Tcj(W{[S O'i 1tE EID taSIQR( (f TI£ :Ill F-ffilffi \·IAimi!El by CHRISTOPHER EHRET et az~ The early history of the Nile-Congo watershed region has remained largely unstudied. Yet lying at the juncture of two extremely different ecologies--the equatorial rain forest on the south and the savannah and steppe of the Middle Nile Basin to the north and northeast--it could be expected to provide the backdrop for a complex history of interaction between widely variant cultural and economic adaptations . We are initiating the discussion of this history by laying out the avai lable linguistic evidence and, from that evidence, suggesting a few of the broad patterns of the spread of ideas and peoples through the Nile-Congo watershed over the span of the past 4000-5000 years. Four major linguistic groupings of peoples today inhabit portions of the region. The pivotal grouping consists of the communities which speak Central Sudanic languages. In the upper Middle Nile Basin, along the east and northeast of the Central Sudanic speakers, live a variety of Nilotic peoples, while to the west and southwest. in the wet savannah fringes of the equatorial forest and in the forest proper, Central Sudanic peoples adjoin Bantu and Mbomu-Wele societies.
    [Show full text]
  • STAMP Morphs in the Macro-Sudan Belt Gregory D
    Chapter 26 STAMP morphs in the Macro-Sudan Belt Gregory D. S. Anderson Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages & University of South Africa (UNISA) STAMP morphs −portmanteau subject-tense-aspect-mood-polarity morphs exhibiting func- tional and formal properties of both pronominals and auxiliary verbs− are characteristic of many of the genetic units across the Macro-Sudan Belt. STAMP morphs typically oc- cur within a constructional frame, which may include a verb in a fully unmarked form or various construction-specific finite or non-finite forms. STAMP morphs often originate in, and synchronically may appear in, auxiliary verb constructions. Further, univerbation of STAMP morphs with following verbs has yielded various series of inflectional prefixes in a range of families and individual languages. After introducing the functional and for- mal/constructional properties of STAMP morphs, the paper discusses the origin of STAMP morph constructions and their subsequent developments into bound inflectional or conjuga- tional prefix series. The paper closes by presenting a typology of STAMP morphs in threeim- portant Macro-Sudan Belt macro-groupings, viz. Chadic, Central Sudanic, and Niger-Congo languages; and for the last mentioned, particularly the Benue-Congo taxon. 1 Introduction In this article I introduce and exemplify a curious and characteristic feature of a number of languages found across different genetic units spanning the large areal complex of equatorial Africa called the Macro-Sudan Belt (Güldemann 2008). This feature has chal- lenged analysts pursuing descriptions of various western and central African languages, exhibiting functional properties typically associated with both subject pronouns and aux- iliary verbs in many other languages; it has recently been called a STAMP morph (An- derson 2012; 2015).
    [Show full text]