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3. Jedna Z Krvných Skupín Systému AB0; 4. Skr. Bukálny. B – Symbo

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3. Jedna Z Krvných Skupín Systému AB0; 4. Skr. Bukálny. B – Symbo B – 1. symbol pre bel; 2. chem. značka prvku →bór; 3. jedna z krvných skupín systému AB0; 4. skr. bukálny. B – symbol pre hustotu magnetického toku. B. – skr. pre →Bacillus. B-ALP – skr. angl. bone alcalic phosphatase kostná alkalická fosfatáza. B-bunky – 1. syn. -bunky Langerhansových ostrovčekov; →pankreas; 2. syn. B-lymfocyty; →lymfocyty. B-komplex – multivitamínový prípravok vitamínov B. B-lymfocyty – [B podľa Fabriciovej burzy, imunol. orgánu vtákov] B bunky, druh lymfocytov, kt. sa zúčastňuje na humorálnej imunite (tvorbe protilátok) a niekt. ďalších imunitných funkciách. Povrchové molekuly sú CD 19,20. Receptorom pre antigén je membránový imunoglobulín. B-reťazec – jeden z polypeptidových reťazcov →inzulínu. B-vírus – 1. vírus →hepatitídy B.; 2. vírus zo skupiny Cercopithecine herpes virus 1. B-vlákna →nerv. b – skr. 1. pre barn; 2. skr. angl. born narodený; 3. skr. báza (genet. označenie dĺţky sekvencie nukleotidov, napr. 50 b = sekvencia 50 nukleotidov). b-vlna – pozit. kmit s vyskou amplitúdou v →elektroretinograme nasledujúci po vlne a, prejav komplexnej aktivity vrstvy bipolárnych buniek. – - – predpona označujúca 1. staršie označenie druhého atómu uhlíka v reťazci, na kt. sa pripája hlavná funkčná skupina, napr. kys. -hydroxymaslová správ. kys. 3-hydroxymaslová; 2. špecifická rotácia opticky aktívnej látky, napr. -D-glukóza; 3. orientácia exocyklického atómu al. skupiny, napr. cholest-5-en-3--ol; 4. plazmatický proteín, kt. migruje v elektroforéze v pruhu - lipoproteín; 5. člen série príbuzných chem. látok, najmä série stereoizomérov, izomérov, polymérov al. alotroických foriem, napr. -karotén; 6. -lúč. B2 – staršie označenie pre CD21. B4 – staršie označenie pre CD 19. B19 virus – ľudský parvovírus z čeľade Parvoviridae, značne rozšírený, vyvolávajúci obvykle inaparentné infekcie. Pôvopdca erythema infectiosum. Šíri sa kvapôčkovou infekciou al. orofekálne, je schopný samostatne sa replikovať v deliacich sa bunkách, najmä kostnej dreni, u predisponovaných jedincov môţe vyvolať aplastickú krízu. B I – skr. →Billroth I. B II – skr. →Billroth II. Bh – krvná skupina Bh; →Bombay. BT-faktor – Ba – chem. značka prvku →bárium. Baaderov syndróm →syndróm. Baaderov-Fiessingerov-Stevensov-Johnsonov syndróm – syn. →erythema exsudativum multiforme majus. 1501 BAAM® (Upjohn) – akaricídum, insekticídum; →amitraz. Baas, Johann Hermann – (*1838) nem. lekár, oftalmológ holandského pôvodu. R. 1877 opísal fonometrickú metódu (Zur Perkussion, Auskultation und Phonometrie, Stuttgart, 1877). Je autorom viacerých prác z dejín medicíny (Grundriss der Geschichte der Med. und des heilenden Standes, 1876; William Harvey etc., 1878; Leitfaden der Gesch. d. Med., Stuttgart, 1880; Die geschichtliche Entwicklung des ärztlichen Standes und der med. Wissenschaften, Berlin 1896). Baas, Karl – *1866, nem. oftalmológ pôsobiaci vo Freiburgu. Publikoval viaceré práce, z nich pozoruhodnejšia je monografia Das Gesichstsfeld (Stuttgart, 1896). Baastrupov príznak – rtg. príznak pri →Baastrupov syndróm. Baastrupov syndróm →syndrómy. Babák, Eduard – 1873 – 1926, univ. prof., čes. fyziológ . Pôsobil v Prahe, neskôr v Brne. Zakladateľ čes. porovnávacej fyziológie. Skúmal adaptačné schopnosti organizmu vo vývojových fázach. Podieľal sa kapitolou o mechanike a inervácii dýchacieho systému na tvorbe diela Handbuch der vergleichenden Physiologie (Jena 1912). Bol hlavným organizátorom brnianskej Lekárskej fakulty Masarykovej univerzity. Zaloţil časopis Biologické listy. Babahoyo – vírus z čeľade →Bunyaviridae. Babanki – vírus z čeľade →Togaviridae. Babcockova metóda →metódy. Babcockova operácia progénie – [Bacock, William Wayne, 1872 – 1963, amer. chirurg] hiorizontálne oddelenie hornej časti vystupujúcich vetiev sánky nad foramen mandibulae transkutánnou pílkou, po zasadení tela sánky do normálneho postavenia intermaxilárnou fixáciou. Babcockovej testy – [Babcock, Stephen Moulton, 1843 – 1931, amer. potravinársky chemik] metóda na určenie tuku v mlieku a mliečnych výrobkoch; →testy. Babčinov príznak →syndrómy. Baberovej syndróm →syndrómy. Babeş, Aurel – [1886 Viedeň – 1962] rum. patológ, pôsobil vo Francúzsku, neskôr prof. patológie v Bukurešti. Na Pasteurovom ústave v Paríţi demonštroval spolu s gynekolóm Leppom ochraný účinok séra z imunizovaného zvieraťa, spoločne s nem. patológom P. Ernstom objavil metachromatické granuly v protoplazme baktérií. Opísal rod malých protozoárnych parazitom (nazvaných podľa neho Babesia), kt. preniknú do jeho črevných buniek a rozmnoţujú sa aţ kým úplne nevyplnia črevné bunky. Potom sa uvoľnia v podobe vermikúl dlhých 16 m, kt. preniknú do dutiny, odtiaľ do ovárií a vajíčok samičky kliešťa. Tu z nich vznikajú guľovité útvary podobné cystám, v kt. sa rozmnoţujú na okrúhlasté štádiá. Ďalší vývin prebieha v nasledujúcej generácii kliešťa. Parazity sa uvoľnia z guľovitých cýst a prenikajú do buniek jeho slinových ţliaz. V nich sa ďalej rozmnoţujú a preniknú do kanálikov ţliaz a „sliny“ kliešťa, kt. tieto vermikuly pri cicaní krvi injikuje do krvi stavovca a cyklus sa opakuje. Pri vývine sa nedokázala pohlavná fáza (pri teilériách a plazmódiách áno), jestvuje transovariálny prenos (pri teilériách a plazmódiách chýba). Jestvuje hostiteľská a medzihostiteľská špecifickosť i stupeň patogenity jednotlivých druhov B. Niekt. druhy prenášačov prenášajú aj pôvodcov rickettsióz, čo zhoršuje priebeh a zvyšuje straty zvierat. Kliešte prenášače sú známe v rodoch Boophilus, Ixodes, Haemophysalis, Dermacentor a Rhicephalus. Babesan® – antiprotozoikum, účinné proti babéziám; 1,3-di-6-chinolylmočovina. Babesia – prvok vyvolávajúci →babesiózu. 1502 babesiosis, is, f. →babesióza Babesiosis bovina – babesióza hovädzieho dobytka. Babesiidosis canina – basesióza psov. Babesiosis equina – konská babesióza. Babesiosis humana – ľudská babesióza. babesióza – [babesiosis] syn. piroplazmóza, parazitárna protozoóza vyvolaná prvokmi – krvnými kokcídiami z čeľade Babesiidae, rodu Babesia, trieda Piroplasmea, podkmeň Apicomplexa. Vyskytuje sa kozmopolitne, u človeka sporadicky; opísali sa ochorenia v Írsku, Francúzsku, býv. Juhoslávii, USA a Mexiku. Babesióza zvierat – druhy babésií parazitujú na hospodárskych zvieratách (tur domáci, byvol, zebu, kôň, osol, ovce, kozy, ošípaná), v subtropických a tropických oblastiach zapríčiňuje značné ekonomické straty. Postihujú aj divoko ţijúce zvieratá, mačkovité a psovité šelmy, hlodavce, hmyzoţravce, netopiere, opice a i. Inkubačné obdobie je 8 – 20 d. Choroba zvierat sa manifestuje horúčkou, splenomegáliou, anémiou, hemoglobinúriou a ikterom. –––––––––––––––––––– Druhy babesií –––––––––––––––––––– Hostiteľ Babesia Prenášač Rozšírenie Patogenita –––––––––––––––––––– Človek B. divergens Ixodes ricinus Írsko, býv. Juhoslávia +++ Heamophisalis punctata B. microti Ixodes dommini Sev. Amerika Hovädzí B. argentina Boophilus microplus Stred. a juţ. Amerika, dobytok B. australis Austrália B. beliceri Boophilus calcaratus Býv. ZSSR +++ B. bigemina B. decoloratus Afrika, Ázia, Austrália, +++ B. microplus Juţ. Amerika B. annularis B. bovis B. microplus Afrika, Ázia, Austrália, ++++ juţ. Európa B. divergens Ixodes ricinus Európa +++ B. jakimori I. ricinus Sibír ++ B. major Haemaphysalis punctata Juţ. Európa – Boophilus calcaratus B. occultans B. boophilus JAR +++ Kôň B. caballi Boophilus nitens Juţ. Európa, Ázia, býv. ZSSR +++ Hyaloma Býv. ZSSR Ovca B. motasi Boophilus punctata Európa, India, sev. Afrika, +++ a koza Somálsko B. ovis Rhipicephalus bursa Juţ. Európa, Turecko – Ošípaná B. trautmanni Rhipicephalussanguineus Juţ. Európa, juţ. Afrika +++ B. peroncitoi Rhipicephalus Juţ. Európa, záp. Afrika +++ Pes, vlk, B. canis Dermacentor spp. Kozmopolitne šakal, Haemophilus leachi líška Rhipicephalus sanguineus 1503 B. gibsoni Haemophilus bispinosa India, Srí Lanka, Malajzia, Kórea Rhipicephalus sanguineus Egypt, Japonsko, USA B. vogeli R. sanguineus Ázia, Afrika Mačka, B. fellis ? Sudan, juţ. Afrika puma, leopard, jaguár B. herpailuri ? Juţ. Amerika, Afrika B. pantherae –––––––––––––––––––– Dg. – potvrdzuje sa nálezom babésií v rozteroch kapilárnej krvi ofarbených podľa Romanowského, imunodiagnostickými metódami (IHA, IFAT, ELISA s homológnymi špecifickými antigénmi) a i. d. testom 0,1 ml (pozit. reakcia sa prejaví po 4 h opuchlinou s priemerom 1,2 – 3 mm, kt. pretrváva 96 h). Pri pitve sa zisťuje tumor sleziny, pečene, obličiek, kt. sú tmavé a drobivé, hemosideróza a petechiálne krvácania v orgánoch, vodnatá jasnočervená krv, anémia, ikterus, ţltkastý transsudát v perikardiálnom vaku, hrudníkovej a brušnej dutine; zhrubnutie väzivového subserózneho tkaniva, hypertrofia buniek RES, degeneračné zmeny, rôsolovité infiltrácie a i. Dfdg.– treba vylúčiť antrax, leptospirózu a hematúriu. Th. – 1. dimidínové deriváty (Berenil®) hlboko i. m. al. s. c.; 2. pri psoch sa osvedčuje aj fenamidínizetionát (Piverdin®) s. c.; 3. chinolínové deriváty s. c. 2 d za sebou; 4. pentamidínizetionát (Lomadin®) i. v. al. i. m. 5. akridínové deriváty (napr. trypaflavín 5 %); 5. cholínové deriváty (Besan®, Pirevan®) do predchvostovej ţily; 6. amikarbalidizetionát (Diampron®) 50 %; 7. imidokarbhydrochlorid (Dimidin®) s. c. (B. bigemina), 2 – 10 mg/kg s. c. (B. bovis). –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Terapia babesiózy zvierat –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Hovädzí dobytok dimidínové deriváty 3,5 mg/kg hlboko i. m. fenamidínizetionát 9 – 13 mg/kg s. c. Kone amikarbalidizetionát 5 – 10 mg/kg dimidínové deriváty 3,5 mg/kg hlboko i .m. fenamidínizetionát 9 mg/kg s. c. 2 d za sebou chinolínové deriváty
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