Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48697-2 — Race, Rights and Reform Sarah C

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48697-2 — Race, Rights and Reform Sarah C. Dunstan Index More Information

Index

A.E.F. Nouvelle, 196 Aragon, Louis, 118, 119, 120, 215, 218 Acheson, Dean, 193, 218, 219 Art et Scolastique, 143 Achille, Louis T., 20, 88, 102, 103, 104, assimilés, discussion of, 37, 109, 169 125, 141, 142, 212, 230, 258, 283 Associated Negro Press, 139, 215 Africa, 128, 133 Association des Étudiants Martiniquais en Africa for the Africans, 39 France, 108, 133 Africa Seen by American Negroes, 264 Atlantic Monthly, 129 African Blood Brotherhood for African Atlantic Weekly, 21 Liberation and Redemption, 53, 54, 55 atomic bomb, threat of, 191, 218, 275 africanité, question of, 100 Auerbach, Isabel. See Macy, Helen Alexander, Lewis, 143 Auerbach, Sol. See Allen, James S. Alexander, Lillian, 62 Ali, Hadj, 63 Baker, Josephine, 79, 98, 99 Alien Registration Act. See The Smith Act Baker, Philip, 38 (1940) Baldwin, James, 247, 251, 253, 279, 280 Alizés, 230 Baldwin, Roger, 63, 65 All-African People’s Conference 1958, 270, Baltimore Afro-American, 185 271 Bamako Conference 1946, 174 Allen, James S., 75 Bandung Conference 1955, 226, 227, 231, Allen, Samuel, 277 240, 241, 249 American Civil Liberties Union, 63 Banjo, 86, 87, 98, 110, 111, 112, 119, 138 American Information Committee on Race Barnett, Claude, 139 and Caste, 244, 260 Batouala, 32, 41, 106, 107, 122 American Negro Labor Congress, 55, 56, Battle of Algiers, 267 59, 60, 63, 73, 85 Belgium, 23, 36, 67, 147, 151 American Society of African Culture, 259, Bellegarde, Dantès, 38 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 267, 270, 271, Benda, Julien, 127 272, 273, 274, 277, 278 Benedict, Ruth, 165, 202 An American Dilemma:, 165 Benjamin, Walter, 118, 138 An Anthology of American Negro Bennett, Gwendolyn, 61, 103 Literature, 95 Bethune, Mary McLeod, 146, 177 Annamese Independence Party, 57 Bigger Thomas. See Native Son Anthologie nègre, 33 Bilbo, Theodore Gilmore, 29

309

310 Index

Bilé, Joseph, 72 Challenge Magazine, 29 Bissol, Léopold, 158, 170, 171 Chants d’Ombre, 172 Black Metropolis, 145, 188 Charpentes, 138 Bloc Démocratique Sénégalais, 198 Chicago Defender, 56, 86, 148, 178, 185, Bloncourt, Elié, 139 203, 216, 223 Blum, Léon, 118 circulaire Linard, 14, 17, 28, 42 Boas, Franz, 90, 91, 165, 202, 204 Clainville-Bloncourt, Max, 56, 57, 59, 63, Bolshevism, question of, 16, 37, 49, 54, 119, 65, 67, 85 213 Clemenceau, Georges, 17, 20 Bond, Horace Mann, 221, 245, 252, 260, code de l’indigénat, 16 270, 272, 274 Cold War, v, 6, 7, 9, 191, 192, 215, 222, Bourgès-Maunoury, Maurice, 267 225, 227, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 259, Brasillach, Robert, 127 269, 274, 277, 283 Brazzaville Conference 1944, 168 Combat, 115, 158, 161, 183 Breton, André, 12, 115, 118, 119, 162, 163, Cominform, 215 164, 165, 205, 233, 250, 257 Comintern, 10, 49, 50, 54, 55, 56, 62, 63, Briggs, Cyril, 53 73, 83, 84, 85, 118, 119, 120, 166, 251 Brooks, Dorothy, 256, 257 Comité de Défense de la Race Nègre, 57, 59, Brown, Sterling, 125, 138, 147, 182, 188, 60, 61, 63, 67, 70, 71, 111 227 Comité de Défense des Intérêts de la Race Broyard, Anatole, 186, 187 Noire, 100 Brussels, 34, 37, 61, 63, 64, 67, 68 Comité Mondial contre la Guerre et le Bunche, Ralph J., 79, 130, 146, 152, 155, Fascisme, 131 179, 199, 200, 201, 231 Committee on Race and Caste in World Affairs, 260 Cahier d’un retour au pays natal, 164, 232 communism, 49, 54, 55, 58, 59, 61, 66, 68, Cahiers du Sud, 138, 172 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 78, 82, 84, 85, 111, Calverton, V.F., 95, 96 115, 117, 125, 126, 142, 145, 149, 167, Campbell, Grace, 53 188, 193, 197, 213, 214, 218, 219, 223, Campbell, James G., 155, See Double V for 225, 228, 229, 234, 239, 243, 245, 260, Victory 261, 267 Camus, Albert, 183, 208 communisme primitif, 58 Candace, Gratien, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 34, 37, Congrès Mondial des Femmes contre la 38, 40, 41, 42, 47, 67, 84, 100, 106, 108, Guerre et le Fascisme, 132 139, 140 Congress for Cultural Freedom, 243 capitalism, 55, 197, 247 Congress of Black Writers and Artists 1956, Carter, Elmer, 151, 152 237, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, Catholicism, 116, 127, 135, 136, 137, 141, 249, 251, 252, 253, 270, 273, 276 142, 144, 145, 198, 229, 230, 231, 232, Cook, Mercer, 137, 139, 140, 150, 151, 246, 273 172, 181, 182, 184, 188, 229, 231, 238, Cayton, Horace, 145, 183, 188, 211, 212, 245, 252, 258, 260, 264, 272, 277, 278 220 Cook, Vashti, 137 Cendrars, Blaise, 33 Corrigan, Robert F., 196, 220 Césaire, Aimé, 4, 8, 12, 13, 103, 121, 125, Cousturier, Lucie, 112 148, 150, 153, 158, 159, 160, 163, 165, Cox, Oliver, 228 167, 170, 171, 172, 173, 190, 208, 210, CPUSA, 49, 50, 55, 56, 73, 75, 76, 77, 120, 223, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 146, 152, 156, 166, 198, 213, 218, 234 240, 244, 246, 249, 251, 252, 253, 255, Crisis, 15, 19, 21, 22, 25, 31, 32, 42, 44, 56, 260, 265, 270, 275, 283 66, 94, 111, 116, 124, 130, 141, 144, 151, Césaire, Suzanne Roussy, 6, 12, 13, 150, 178, 216, 244, 260, 268 151, 158, 159, 161, 165, 276, 283 Crisis of the Negro Intellectual, 94

Index 311

Crusader, 53 171, 172, 177, 178, 179, 180, 191, 192, Cruse, Harold, 94, 265 194, 204, 205, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, Cullen, Countee, 31, 78, 103, 143, 188 223, 228, 246, 247, 248, 253, 264, 265, Cummings, E. E., 119 273, 283 Curtis, Helen, 36 Duchène, Albert, 90 Dulles, John Foster, 261, 266 d’Arboussier, Gabrielle, 199, 217, 218, 219, 220, 269, 270, 281 Eboué, Felix, 153 Daily Worker, 75 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 253, 261, 262, 267, Damas, Léon-Gontran, 11, 13, 103, 116, 276, 277, 278 124, 125, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, Él Garon, 40, 41 149, 182, 187, 229 Eliot, T.S., 138 Danaë, Narcisse, 63, 65, 82 Ellison, Ralph, 157, 158, 167, 189, 261 Dark Princess, 94 Eluard, Paul, 138 Davis, John, 244, 245, 251, 253, 256, 259, Esprit, 135, 136, 137, 140, 208, 228 260, 263, 265, 270 Ethiopia, Italian invasion of, 126, 127, 128, De Beauvoir, Simone, 183 129, 130, 131 De Gaulle, Charles, 153, 168, 169, 173, Étoile Nord-Africaine, 57, 63, 132, 133 197, 268, 269, 271, 277 eugenicist thinking, 32 Delafosse, Maurice, 27, 33, 34 eurocentrism, question of, 87, 101, 102, Delavignette, Robert, 175 110, 111, 137, 138, 159, 253 Delmost, Alcide, 139 European Recovery Plan. See Marshall Plan Desnos, Robert, 138 evolués, discussion of, 109, 168, 169 Dewey, John, 93 existentialism, 150 Dia, Mamadou, 198, 266, 270 Diagne, Blaise, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 24, 27, Fanon, Frantz, 8, 13, 107, 227, 228, 233, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 57, 67, 237, 238, 240, 252, 254, 275, 277 80, 84, 100, 106 fascism, 8, 11, 84, 115, 120, 125, 126, 129, Dicko, Hamadoun, 246 131, 142, 143, 147, 148, 149, 155, 156, Diderot, Denis, 127 190, 191, 199, 200, 218, 219 Dieu, est-il francais?, 105 Faulkner, William, 138 Diop, Alioune, 207, 209, 211, 230, 235, Fauré, Emile, 133 238, 242, 244, 246, 248, 258, 259, 262, Fauset, Jessie, 6, 31, 32, 35, 38, 89, 103, 106 264, 265, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 213 Diop, Christiane Yandé, 209, 238, 240, 256 Federation of Catholic Students, 230, 231 Diouf, Ngalandou, 139 Finot, Louis-Jean, 104 Discourse on Colonialism, 191, 223, 232, Firmin, Antènor, 124 235 First World War, 16, 24, 40, 80, 97, 98, 106, Dosseh, Robert, 231 110, 126, 127, 132, 152, 168, 282 Double V for Victory Campaign 1942, 155 Fontaine, William, 245 Douglass, Aaron, 103 Ford, James, 73, 74, 152, 272 Drake, St. Clair, 145, 183, 188, 212, 220 Foreign Affairs, 129 Dreyfus Affair, 77 Fort-De-France, 158 Drieu La Rochelle, Pierre Eugène, 127 Fort-Whiteman, Lovett, 49, 55, 59, 60, 63, Drummond, Eric, 38 85 Du Bois, Nina, 62 Foucault, Michel, 11 Du Bois, W. E. B., 2, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15, 19, 20, Frazier, E. Franklin, 166, 186, 201, 202, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 211, 264, 265 38, 40, 42, 45, 56, 62, 66, 69, 70, 72, 74, French Colonial Exposition, 78 75, 76, 84, 86, 89, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 99, French Communist Party/ Parti communiste 101, 102, 103, 107, 113, 125, 129, 130, français, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58,

312 Index

63, 66, 71, 72, 73, 76, 83, 84, 85, 118, Herriot, Edouard, 173, 218 128, 132, 133, 146, 158, 167, 170, 174, Herskovits, Melville, 90, 91, 204 197, 198, 199, 219, 223, 234, 260 Hibran, René, 160 French Fifth Republic, 9, 240, 269 Himes, Chester, 156 French Fourth Republic, 147, 169, 193, Hitler, Adolf, 127, 147, 148, 149, 152, 156, 214, 225, 235 163, 170, 172, 185, 191, 205, 223, 235 French Resistance, 214 Ho Chi Minh, 55 French Section of the Workers Home to Harlem, 97 International/ Section française de hommes de couleur, discussion of, 60 l’Internationale ouvrière, 50, 51, 132, horizontal solidarity, question of, 199 170, 171, 198, 207, 214 Hosties noires, 153, 181 French Third Republic, 18, 40, 132, 143, Houénou, Kojo Tovalou, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 153, 162, 167, 173 57, 58, 107, 111 Friedmann, George, 110, 111 Houphouët-Boigny, Félix, 174, 219, 246 Frobenius, Leo, 143, 144, 159, 232 Houphouët-Boigny law 1946, 171 Fulbright, 221 House of Un-American Committee, 213 Howard University, 79, 104, 117, 130, 145, Gaillard, Félix, 262, 267 201, 245, 262 Garvey, Marcus, 18, 30, 31, 37, 45, 46, 47, Hughes, Langston, 11, 31, 86, 87, 96, 97, 52, 59, 60, 92, 101, 107, 111, 112 102, 103, 110, 113, 119, 120, 137, 147, garveyism, 37, 39, 107 148, 150, 151, 159, 163, 182, 185, 188, gender, 5, 10, 23, 33, 102, 106, 107, 124 189, 190, 193, 211, 212, 223 George, Lloyd, 16 Huiswood, Otto, 53, 54, 55 German Armistice Commission, 154 Human Rights League, 133 Germany, African colonies of, 19 humanism, 52, 104, 112, 122, 138, 143, Germany, race relations of, 43 206, 207, 227, 248, 249 Gide, André, 112, 120, 172, 208, 209, 210 Humanisme Intégrale, 143 Gobineau, 143, 250 Hunt, Ida Gibbs, 20, 23, 69 Gontran-Damas, Léon, 283 Hunton, Addie, 25, 62, 66, 69 Gorki, Maxim, 77 Hurston, Zora Neale, 95, 96 Gothon-Lunion, Joseph, 55, 56 Huxley, Julian, 215, 218 Graham, Shirley (Du Bois), 215 Gramsci, Antonio, 10 Institut d’Ethnologie, 137, 138, 143 Grandeur et servitude coloniales, 81 International Council of the Women of the Grant, Madison, 32, 90 Darker Races, 36 Gratiant, Gilbert, 119, 123, 124, 158, 161, International Labor Defense, 75 162, 167 International Labor Organisation, 35, 38 Guernut, Henri, 133 International League of Darker Peoples Guèye, Lamine, 171, 198, 270 and the National Equal Rights Guillen, Nicolás, 124 Association, 18 International Literature, 119, 120 Hadj, Messali, 133 International Trade Union Committee of Haiti, 21, 23, 52, 65, 67, 177, 188 Negro Workers, 73, 83, 84, 85 Hardy, Georges, 71 Islam, 230, 231 Harlem, 31, 42, 44, 53, 59, 66, 86, 89, 92, Ivy, James, 238, 244, 245, 260, 276 99, 101, 102, 140, 152, 157, 159, 227 Harlem Renaissance, 31, 61, 78, 85, 86, 87, James, C.L.R., 1, 2, 4 89, 92, 95, 102, 113, 125, 159 Je Suis Partout, 125 Harris, James, 263 Jeune Droite, 123 Harrison, Hubert, 63, 99 Jim Crow, 2, 152, 154, 185, 202, 265 Hazoumé, Paul, 208 John Reed Clubs, 120, 166

Index 313

Johnson, Charles S., 42, 89, 91, 116 League of Nations, 10, 11, 26, 32, 35, 38, Johnson, James Weldon, 22, 29, 31, 72, 89, 39, 45, 63, 70, 78, 87, 92, 115, 126, 128, 106, 115, 125, 138, 159, 183, 204 130, 132, 134, 175, 176, 194, 281 Jones, Dewey, 86 Légitime Défense, 108, 109, 110, 118, 121, Jones, Edward, 229 137, 147, 158, 160 Journal of Negro Education, 228 Leiris, Michel, 136, 138, 205, 206, 207, 208, 231 Kelley, Florence, 36 Lenin, 16, 49, 50, 53, 54, 82, 108, 157 Kennedy, John F., 267, 272, 278 Lero, Etienne, 108, 118, 142 Kierkegaard, Søren, 1, 2, 276 Léro, Thélus, 158 Kouyaté, Tiemoko Garan, 49, 70, 72, 73, Les Continents, 3, 41, 43, 45, 46, 57, 101, 74, 82, 83, 84, 85, 112, 116, 128, 131, 107 133, 134, 234, 283 Les Temps modernes, 183 Ku Klux Klan, 29, 117, 148 Letter to Maurice Thorez, 234 Kultur, 92 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 205, 206, 249 Liberia, 21, 23, 177 l’affaire Montmartre, 39 Liga gegen den Imperialismus, 72, 74 L’Afrique fantôme, 136 Liga zur Verteidigung der Negerrasse, 72, L’Étudiant noir, 121, 123, 124, 125, 132, 83 137, 138, 141, 147, 158 Ligue pour la défense de la race noire, 70, L’Humanité, 48, 51, 76, 77, 118 71, 72, 73, 77, 81, 82, 112, 128, 133 L’Illustration, 81 Ligue universelle pour la défense de la race La Condition Humaine, 199 noire, 41, 45 La Dépêche Africaine, 100, 108 Lincoln University, 221, 228, 245, 262 La Dépêche politique, 37 Literature of World Revolution, 118 La Française, 132 Locke, Alain, 31, 32, 42, 43, 44, 78, 79, 88, La mise en valeur des colonies françaises, 51 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 96, 98, 100, 102, 103, La Nouvelle Critique, 199 110, 113, 125, 137, 150, 165, 166, 210, la plus grande France, concept, 51 212, 273, 283 La Race Nègre, 71, 72, 78, 83, 112, 128 Logan, Rayford W., 146, 179, 192, 220, La Revue du Monde Noir, 3, 102, 111, 116, 221, 239, 261 141 loi de départmentalisation (1946), 246 La Violation d’un pays, 48 La Voix des nègres, 57, 60, 64, 65 Macy, Helen, 75 LaFarge Jr., John, 145 Madagascar, 51, 101, 133, 154, Lagrosillière, Joseph, 20, 21, 24, 25, 104 162, 209 Lamine Guèye laws, 171, 173, 174 Magie noire, 99, 102, 112 Larsen, Nella, 95, 103 Malraux, André, 120, 157, 189, 250 Lastel, Madeleine, 230 Man’s Most Dangerous Myth, 203 Latin Quarter, Paris, 81 mandate system, 26, 30, 32, 39, 44, 67, 79, latinité, question of, 100 87, 90, 109, 175, 239 Laval-Mussolini accord, 126, 132 Manifesto of the Sixty-Four Intellectuals, Le Comité de Défense de l’Independence 127 Nationale d’Ethiopie, 128 Maran, René, 32, 33, 41, 42, 43, 46, 57, 59, Le Comité Permanent Victor Schoelcher, 63, 71, 84, 101, 102, 103, 106, 107, 110, 128 122, 137, 170, 172, 266, 270 Le Cri des nègres, 77, 83, 128, 131 Marcel, Gabriel, 208 Le Paria, 4, 51, 52, 58 Maritain, Jacques, 135, 142, 143 Le Populaire, 77 Marseille, 87, 111 League against Imperialism, 11, 61, 63, 67, Marshall Plan, 193, 196, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 82, 84 197

314 Index

Martinique, 32, 65, 104, 109, 113, 123, NAACP, 15, 19, 21, 25, 31, 34, 36, 37, 40, 147, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 45, 53, 56, 62, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 84, 171, 228, 243 85, 89, 93, 99, 115, 130, 144, 177, 178, marxism, 49, 66, 68, 121, 135, 142, 179, 180, 194, 216, 221, 224, 229, 243, 150, 157, 158, 167, 187, 213, 244, 262, 274 234, 260 Nardal, Jane, 6, 98, 104, 106, 112, 116, masculinity, 5, 25, 32, 34, 35, 43, 124, 125, 124, 283 256, 260 Nardal, Paulette, 6, 104, 105, 106, 107, Maugée, Aristide, 125, 159 113, 116, 124, 131, 168, 200, 206, 210, Maurras, Charles, 127 283 Mauss, Marcel, 143, 205 National Association for the Advancement McCarthy, Joseph, 213 of Colored Peoples, 64 McCarthyism, 243 National Association of Colored Women, McKay, Claude, 4, 31, 44, 53, 54, 66, 62 86, 87, 88, 96, 97, 110, 111, 113, 119, National Socialism, 126, 148, 191, 223 120, 125, 129, 137, 138, 143, 150, 158, National Urban League, 42, 63, 89, 117 159, 163, 189, 190, 191, 211, 229, 230, Native Son, 119, 156, 157, 166 235 Ndaw, Ibrahima Seydou, 198 Mein Kampf, 148 nègres, discussion of, 60 Ménil, René, 12, 108, 109, 119, 142, 150, négritude, 13, 98, 104, 113, 116, 124, 125, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 167, 187, 206, 164, 182, 187, 188, 229, 233, 275 276 Nelson, William S., 44 Messenger, 53, 55 New Deal, 113, 114, 116, 117, 145, 149, métissage, question of, 123, 138 188 Métraux, Alfred, 202, 204, 205, 206 New Republic, 128 Military Intelligence Division (United New York Age, 29, 145, 178, 216 States), 28 New York Amsterdam News, 151 Miller, Henry, 138 New York Herald, 27 Miller, Kelly, 116, 117, 145 New York Times, 29, 203, 205, 280 Misère de la poèsie, 118 Nguyen Ai Quoc. See Ho Chi Minh modernity, question of, 2, 3, 5, 13, 33, 58, Nguyen The Truyen, 133 85, 87, 88, 94, 95, 99, 102, 105, 111, 115, Nicol, Davidson, 256 116, 122, 136, 140, 143, 191, 198, 207, Nietzsche, Friederich, 2, 276 223, 224, 242, 255, 278, 283 Nigger Heaven, 99 Mollet, Guy, 246, 267 Nixon, Richard, 261 Monnerot, Jules-Marcel, 108, 109, 118, Nkrumah, Kwame, 180, 270, 272 142, 167 noirs, discussion of, 60 Monnerville, Gaston, 169, 171, 195, 196, Norman, Dorothy, 184 213 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 267 Montagu, Ashley, 202, 203, 204 Northern Atlantic Treaty Organization, 193 Moore, Richard, 49, 53, 55, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 85 Opportunity, 3, 42, 43, 61, 89, 91, 103, Morand, Paul, 99, 102, 112 116, 117, 124, 151, 152, 154 Moré, Marcel, 136, 137 Ottley, Roi, 130 Mounier, Émmanuel, 135, 136, 142, 208, Owen, Chandler, 31, 53 210, 211, 219 Moutet, Marius, 133 Padmore, George, 4, 49, 64, 73, 75, 76, 83, Münzenberg, Willi, 61, 63 84, 85, 130, 141, 152, 154, 180, 234, 283 Mussolini, Benito, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, paganism, 159, 232 131, 144, 147 Pan-African Congress 1919, 20, 23, 25, 26, Myrdal, Gunnar, 165, 184, 186 28, 45, 62, 180

Index 315

Pan-African Congress 1921, 34, 37, 38 Rabemananjara, Jacques, 2, 5, 207, 209, Pan-African Congress 1923, 40 249, 270, 275, 276 Pan-African Congress 1927, 62, 66, Race and Civilisation, 205 68, 70 Radical Party, 114 Pan-African Congress 1945, 179, 180 Randolph, A. Phillip, 53, 74, 279, 280 Pan-Asian movement, 50 Rassemblement Coloniale, 133, 134 Pan-Islamic movements, 50 Rassemblement Démocratique Africain, Paris Peace Conference, 18, 22, 29, 30 174, 196, 197, 198, 199, 217, 219, 220 Parti Nationaliste d’Algérie, 133 Reﬂections on the Jewish Question, 185, Patterson, William, 73, 74, 75 187 Payot, 98 Renan, Joseph Ernest, 127 Peace Information Center, 218, 219 René-Boisneuf, Achille, 20, 21, 24, Peau noire, masques blancs, 107, 233 25, 28 Péguy, Charles, 162 Réveil, 196 Périer, G.D., 114, 116 Revue du monde noir, 210 Perrier, Léon, 80 Rhine scandal, 42 personalism, 135, 136, 142 Rivet, Paul, 132, 143, 208 Pétain, Phillippe, 153, 162 Robert, Georges, 153 Pﬁmlin, Pierre, 268 Robeson, Eslanda Goode, 105 Phylon, 6, 171, 229 Robeson, Paul, 130, 155, 215, 216, 283 Picasso, Pablo, 172, 215 Rogers, J.A., 128, 129 Pickens, Minnie, 62 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 113, 114, 116, Pickens, William, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70, 74, 117, 130, 145, 146, 176 154 Rustin, Bayard, 279 Pigments, 137 Pineau, Christian, 262 Sabas-Quitman, Maurice, 109 Pittsburgh Courier, 145, 151, 152, 155, Sadoual, Georges, 118 178, 203, 214, 216, 217 Sainville, Léonard, 123, 125, 126 Poètes d’expression française 1900–1945, Sajous, Léo, 59, 103 182 Saroléa, Jeanne, 36 Poincaré, Raymond, 39, 40 Sarraut, Albert, 51, 52, 81, 82, 90 Pope Pius XI, 142, 144 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, Popular Front, 120, 125, 132, 133, 134, 188, 189, 208, 210, 215, 257, 277 146, 147, 213, 215 Sasre, Robert, 231 Portugal, 23, 67 Satineau, Maurice, 59, 70, 84, 100, 101, Powell Jr, Adam Clayton, 178, 227 107, 110, 111 POWs, 154 Schoelcher, Victor, 59, 101 pragmatism, 93, 94 Schomburg Library, 151 Présence Africaine,v,3, 20, 125, 186, 188, Schuyler, George, 151, 214, 215, 216 207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 226, 228, 230, Schwarze Schande. See Rhine Scandal 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, Scottsboro Trial, 74, 75, 117, 132, 184 242, 243, 249, 255, 257, 259, 261, 263, Second International Congress of 265, 269, 271, 276, 277, 278 Revolutionary Writers, 118 Price-Mars, Jean, 104, 124, 274 Second World War, 8, 147, 149, 155, 159, primitivism, 22, 33, 102, 112, 143, 258 176, 188, 192, 193, 202, 207, 228 Prix Goncourt, 32, 33, 42, 122 Secours Rouge International, 82 secularism, 255, 256 Quatre Communes, Senegal, 4, 16, 24, 71 self-determination, 8, 9, 13, 16, 17, 18, 21, Quicksand, 95 23, 26, 30, 35, 46, 49, 50, 53, 59, 65, 67,

316 Index

69, 79, 85, 88, 100, 113, 133, 175, 200, The New Negro (1925), 44, 89, 90, 91, 93, 206, 217, 238, 245, 249, 251, 275 98, 112 Senghor, Lamine, 11, 48, 49, 56, 57, 58, 63, The Outsider, 191, 224 64, 66, 67, 70, 72, 85, 111, 135, 283 The Real Facts About Ethiopia, 129 Senghor, Léopold Sédar, 4, 13, 103, 104, The Smith Act (1940), 213 114, 115, 121, 122, 123, 124, 133, 134, The World and Africa, 172 135, 137, 138, 142, 143, 150, 153, 155, Thésée, Lucie, 162, 276 160, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 181, Third International/Communist 182, 187, 188, 192, 195, 198, 199, 208, International, 50 220, 225, 229, 231, 240, 246, 250, 251, Third Period, Comintern, 73 252, 253, 254, 255, 258, 265, 266, 268, tirailleurs sénégalais, 15, 43, 149, 168 270, 271, 277, 281, 283 To Secure These Rights, 1947 report, 194, Service de Contrôle et d’Assistance aux 195 Indigènes aux Colonies, 52, 58 Toomer, Jean, 159 Sévère, Victor, 139 Touré, Sékou, 266, 270, 271, 275, 277 Shepard, Clara, 88, 103, 104 Toussaint L’Ouverture, 148, 153, 163 Shepherd, Clara, 6 translation, 32, 47; question of, 87, 98, 106, Sherrill, William, 60 119 Sieburg, Friederich, 105 Treat, Ida, 87 Sissoko, Fily Dabo, 266 Tropiques, 12, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, Smith, Ada, 132 163, 166, 206, 276 Smith, Asbury C., 117 Truman, Harry S., 176, 177, 178, 193, 195, Socialist Party of America, 50 213 Société Africaine de Culture, 257, 259, 262, Twice A Year, 184 263, 264, 265, 268, 270, 273, 274, 277 Société Européene de Culture, 257 Ubangi-Shari (Oubangui-Chari), 32, 195 Soupault, Philippe, 112 Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 104 sovereignty, 5, 9, 10, 21, 22, 26, 27, 47, 60, UNESCO, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 215, 88, 89, 90, 99, 109, 115, 126, 129, 130, 218, 235, 258, 262, 274 131, 173, 175, 176, 178, 235 UNESCO Courier, 203, 205 Soviet Union, 7, 50, 66, 68, 73, 117, 119, UNESCO Statement on Race 1950, 202 193, 195, 197, 215, 217, 218, 222, 226, UNESCO Statement on Race 1951, 204 227, 240, 241, 269 Union des Travailleurs Nègres, 83, 128, Spanish Civil War, 131 131, 132, 133 Stalin, Josef, 120, 156, 166 Union Intercoloniale, 4, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58, Stavisky Affair, 126 63, 133 St. Jacques, Camille, 84 Union of African Catholic Students, 230 Stoddard, Lothrop, 32, 90, 282 United Nations, 8, 10, 11, 147, 175, 176, Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 104 188, 194, 199, 200, 201, 202, 214, 221, suffrage, 16, 18, 21, 58, 101, 169, 173, 174, 235, 258, 261, 266, 269, 282 247 United Nations Charter, 175, 177, 178, 199 Sunday Worker, 152 United States Information Agency, 239, 243 surrealism, 82, 108, 150, Universal Negro Improvement Association, 161, 163 18, 30, 38, 39, 45, 52, 60, 63, 101 Survey Graphic, 93 universalism, 100, 101, 144, 145 US race relations, spread of, 28, 38 Tam-Tam, 230 Tardieu, André, 114 Vaillant-Couturier, Paul, 48, 87 The American Negro, 91 Van Vechten, Carl, 99 The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual, 265 Verdier, Jean, 144 The Negro Worker, 76, 83 vertical solidarity, question of, 199

Index 317

Vialle, Jane, 6, 183, 195, 196, 213, 214, Wilson, Woodrow, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 215, 220 26, 50, 53, 177 Vichnevsky, V., 118 Wilsonian moment, question of, 3, 9, 14, 18, Vichy, 153, 154, 158, 161, 163, 164, 166, 30, 35, 46, 49, 53, 59, 65, 67, 88, 200 167, 189 Wolof, 251 vogue nègre, 33, 85, 86, 87, 88, 97, 98, women, question of, 28, 33, 43, 69, 76, 79, 102, 106, 112 106, 124, 131, 195, 200, 256 Volontés, 232 Works Progress Administration, 145 Voltaire, 127, 223, 276 World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace, 215 Wall Street Crash, 80, 114 World Negro Congress, failure of, 85 Washington, Booker T., 110 Wright, Richard, 1, 2, 5, 8, 12, 13, 78, 119, Weil, Simone, 80, 138 125, 147, 150, 152, 156, 157, 158, 166, West African Student’s Union, 100 167, 183, 184, 186, 188, 189, 191, 197, Weston, George, 60, 63 198, 208, 211, 212, 224, 225, 227, 231, When Peoples Meet, 165 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 243, White, Walter, 29, 75, 78, 99, 156, 177, 244, 245, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 178, 186, 204, 216, 224, 227, 229 263, 270, 273, 274, 283 Wibaux, Robert, 101 Wilkins, Roy, 242, 244 Yoyotte, Pierre, 108