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Report of the Latin America Regional Dialogue of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law

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Report of the Latin America Regional Dialogue of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law Report of the Latin America Regional Dialogue of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law São Paulo, Brazil, 27 June 2011 GLOBAL COMMISSION ON AW Regional Issue Briefs and video of the Latin America Regional Dialogue are available on the Commission’s website at www.hivlawcommission.org. The content, analysis, opinions and policy recommendations contained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Development Programme, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/ AIDS or the Global Commission on HIV and the Law. Copyright © United Nations Development Programme 2011 UNDP Regional Centre LAC Latin America & Caribbean HIV Team UN HOUSE | Building 129, City of Knowledge | P.O. Box 0816-1914 Tel: +507 302-4717 Global Commission on HIV and the Law - Secretariat UNDP, HIV/AIDS Practice Bureau for Development Policy 304 East 45th Street, FF-1180, New York, NY 10017 Tel: (212) 906 6590 | Fax: (212) 906 5023 Design: Ian Mungall and Rodrigo Domingues. Report of the Latin America Regional Dialogue of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law Sao Paulo, Brazil, 26-27 June 2011 GLOBAL COMMISSION ON HIV and the AW Contents Acknowledgements v Abbreviations vi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Nature and Purpose of the Regional Dialogue 1 1.2 Focus and scope of the Regional Dialogue 2 1.3 How the Regional Dialogue was conducted 2 2. HIV and the Law in Latin America 4 2.1 On law, HIV and human rights 5 2.2 On stigma and discrimination 5 2.3 Best practices and recommendations 6 3. Women and HIV 8 3.1 Sexual and Reproductive rights 9 3.2 Gender-based violence 10 4. Men who have sex with men and transgender persons 12 4.1. Laws 13 4.2. Law enforcement practices and public health impact 13 4.3 Transgender people 14 4.4 Best practices and recommendations 15 5. Drug use 16 5.1 Laws 17 5.2 Law enforcement practices and public health impact 18 5.3 Best practices and recommendations 18 6. Sex work 20 6.1. Laws 20 6.2. Law enforcement practices and public health impact 21 6.3. Best practices and recommendations 22 7. Children and young people 23 7.1. Laws 23 7.2. Law enforcement practices and public health impact 24 8. HIV non-disclosure, exposure and transmission 26 8.1. Laws 26 8.2. Law enforcement practices 27 8.3. Public health impact 27 9. Discrimination in health care, employment and access to health services 29 9.1. Laws and law enforcement practices 29 9.2. Best practices and recommendations 31 10. Prisons 33 10.1. Laws 33 10.2. Law enforcement practices 34 11. Closing remarks 35 Appendix I: List of participants 36 Appendix II: List of submissions 41 Appendix III: Legal system in Latin America 45 Acknowledgements The Global Commission on HIV and the Law expresses its deep appreciation to all those who made submissions to the Latin America Regional Dialogue of the Commission, and those who supported the Regional Dialogue process (Annex I and Annex II). The Latin America Regional Dialogue was hosted by UNDP Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Service Centre (LAC-RSC) HIV/AIDS Practice Area, Panama, and was jointly organised by UNDP LAC-RSC, UNDP Brazil and the Secretariat of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law, hosted at the UNDP HIV Group in New York. The Latin America Countries Dialogue benefited from the skillful and engaged moderation of Jorge Gestoso. The Commission would like to acknowledge the support from Jeffrey O’Malley, Director, UNDP HIV/AIDS Practice, Bureau for Development Policy, New York. The Commission would like to acknowledge the support and commitment from Heraldo Muñoz, Assistant Secretary-General and Assistant Administrator and Director of the Regional Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Jorge Chediek, Resident Coordinator of the UN System in Brazil and UNDP Resident Representative in Brazil, Arnaud Peral UNDP Brazil Deputy Resident Representative, and Pedro Chequer, Brazil UNAIDS country office.The Regional Dialogue also benefited from the support of IDLO), GIZ, ILO, International AIDS Allliance, UNODC, The Global Forum on MSM & HIV (MSMGF), UNDP Focal Point from Chile and Dominican Republic, UNAIDS Latin America and UNAIDS Switzerland. Special thanks to Commissioners Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Ana Helena Chacón Echeverria for actively participating in the Dialogue. In particular, the Global Commission on HIV and the Law would like to recognise the UNDP HIV/AIDS Group in New York for providing unwavering support and the staff members of the Secretariat of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law for their overall guidance, planning and support: Mandeep Dhaliwal, Vivek Divan and Emilie Pradichit. Maria Tallarico, David Ruiz Villafranca, Virginie Leclerc, Adela Hive and Ernesto Kraus from the UNDP LAC-RSC and Andrea Bosi, and Joaquim Fernandez from UNDP Brazil were instrumental in organising the Regional Dialogue. The Latin America Regional Dialogue profited from the excellent contribution and guidance of the Regional Advisory Group (RAG) convened by the Commission’s Secretariat, which informed the content of the Dialogue and peer-reviewed the submissions to the Commission: Arely Cano, Pedro Chequer, Jacqueline Cortes, Federico Duarte, Ezio T. Santos-Filho, Victor Madrigal, Samira Montiel, Cesar Nunez, German Rincon Perfetti, Maria Tallarico and Hege Wagan. Many thanks to the following individuals who offered invaluable assistance and support: Natalie Amar, Dominic Bocci, Meagan Burrows, Megan Cribbs, Reeti Desai, Amy Edwards, Laura Goldsmith, Brianna Harrison, David Levy, Rumbidzai Maweni, Kathleen Meara, David Ragonetti, Rohan Sajnani, Aaron Scheinwald, Ji-Eun Seong, Dimitri Teresh, and Nadeah Vali. The Global Commission on HIV and the Law and UNDP are grateful for the support provided by the American Jewish World Service (AJWS), Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), Ford Foundation, Health Canada – International Affairs Directorate, Norad, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Open Society Foundations, Sida, UNFPA, UNICEF, and the UNAIDS Secretariat. This report was prepared by Norma García de Paredes and Leah Utyasheva. Neither the authors nor the Global Commission on HIV and the Law, UNDP, or UNAIDS can vouch for the accuracy of submissions and statements made in relation to this Regional Dialogue. The content, analysis, opinions and recommendations in the document do not necessarily reflect the views of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law, UNDP or UNAIDS. Thanks to Ian Mungall and Rodrigo Domingues for design of this publication. v Abbreviations AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ART Antiretroviral therapy GFATM Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IAPG Inter-American Parliamentary Group on Population and Development LGBT Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender NGO Non-governmental organisation OST Opioid Substitution Therapy STI Sexually Transmitted Infections TRIPS Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement UN United Nations UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS UNDP United Nations Development Programme US United States of America vi 1. Introduction “The law can have a profound impact on people’s lives, especially on those people who are marginalised and disempowered. The law, its implementation and access to justice can be powerful tools to challenge stigma, protect people from violence, promote public health and protect human rights. There is still much to learn from our diverse region on the interaction of the law, legal reform, practical application of the law, access to justice and the public health response. Many of these lessons are positive. There are examples on how leadership can transform problematic legal environments, such as the ones that put limits on the production of antiretroviral therapy, or those that criminalise certain populations based on their sexual orientation; and turn those into settings that promote and protect the rights of the populations most vulnerable to HIV. Regretfully, there are also examples of clear human rights violations that prevent progress to address HIV.” - Heraldo Muñoz, Assistant Administrator and Director of the Regional Bureau, for Latin America and the Caribbean, UNDP 1.1. Nature and Purpose of the Regional Dialogue This report summarises the proceedings and deliberations of the Latin America Regional Dialogue of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law (the Commission) held on 26-27 June 2011 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The report also draws on the written submissions that were made to the Commission from civil society and individual stakeholders and research undertaken on laws and legal frameworks in relation to HIV in Latin America.1 The Commission was launched in June 2010 to develop actionable, evidence-informed and human rights- based recommendations for effective HIV responses that promote and protect the human rights of people living with and most vulnerable to HIV. To this end, the Commission focused on some of the most challenging legal and human rights issues in the context of HIV. The objectives of the Global Commission were to: • Analyse existing evidence and generate new evidence on rights and law in the context of HIV and foster public dialogue on the need for rights-based law and policy in the context of HIV; • Increase awareness amongst key constituencies on issues of rights and law in the context of HIV and engage with civil society and strengthen their ability to campaign, advocate and lobby; and • Identify clear and actionable recommendations with a concrete plan for follow-up. The purpose of the Latin America Regional Dialogue was to further efforts to improve HIV responses by addressing key legal barriers and promoting enabling legal environments on national, regional and 1 The research concentrated on four focus areas: criminalisation of key populations at higher risk, access to medicines and intellectual property law issues, women and HIV, and young people and children and HIV.
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