index

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” denote endnotes.

A Niwatakawaca’s death, 106 Abdul Rahman Kaeh, 100, 132n2. Pasupati (magic arrow), 105 See also Hikayat Misa Taman Arjunawijaya, 13 Jayeng Kusuma (HMTJK) , 18, 105, 108 Abhimanyu Wiwaha, 37–38, 41 Astabrata, 4, 11, 181, 207n1 Abimanyu’s death, 2, 30, 31 Hazeu’s ideas, 186–87 “Adi Parwa”, 32–33 iconography of eight deities. in , 37–41 See eight deities, in Hikayat Pandawa Lima, 41–45 iconography of Indian background to tales, Javanese lessons for Dutch, 32–37 203–7 ksatriya-dharma, 36 Javanese publications of, 182, “Nostalgia”, 45–49 183 “sipping the Absolute Essence”, Kern’s contribution, 186–88 48 KITLV’s collection, 187, 189, unfair fight, 34–35 207 Abhimanyuvadha Parwa, 33 Pakualaman principality, 184, Adi Darma Sastra, 188, 209n11 185, 189 “Adi Parwa”, 32–33, 37 Pakualaman rendition of, 184–85, Agastya, 13 201, 208n6 Al-Ghazali, 46 in post-Hindu Islamic context, Angling Darma, 23 182 Anoman (), 15, 81, 113, 126 Rāma lessons on leadership, , 12, 35, 41–42, 48, 50, 52n4 181–84 Abhimanyu son of, 31, 32 Sastra Agĕng Adidarma, 184, ’s selection of, 105 186–89, 204 and Karṇa, 151 Sĕstradisuhul, 185, 190

217

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Aśwatthāmā, Śalya and on Aśwatthāmā, 152 confrontation between, 150–58 authorship of, 140 Atala, 8 battle depicted in, 139 central narrative of, 138 B composition, 38 Babad Brahmana, 15 death of Abimanyu in, 37–41 babon (original) manuscript, 17 erotic overtones of, 42 Bakir, Muhammad, 129 fratricidal violence story, 31 Baladewa, 43, 120, 121 Gaguritan Bharatayuddha, 145 , 5, 11, 14, 22, 23 Kidung Bratayuda, 144–45 Balinese Kamasan paintings, Mpu Panuluh, 141–43, 150, 152 210n25 Mpu Panuluh’s section of, 146 Balinese language Mpu Sĕḍah, 142 Bhāratayuddha in, 144 in Old Javanese literature, 139 gaguritan in, 145, 149 painting corpus, 150 barit ketik, 132n2 reframing, 143–46 Baruna, 193, 210n22 Śalyawadha section of, 143 effective weapon, 201 tradition in Bali, 140 wayang iconography, 201, 202 Van der Tuuk Collections, 147 Bayu, 47, 71, 191, 200 Bhaṭṭikāvya (BhK), 8–9, 13, 24 ear ornaments, 193 “Bhisma Parwa”, 33, 138 symbol of masculinity and power, Bhomāntaka (“Bhoma’s Death”), 198 78, 112, 114, 133n15 wayang iconography, 198, 199 “Bima Purified” (Bima Suci), 62, Begawan Narawuji, 73, 74, 77, 63 90n19 Bima’s quest, 3 Begawan Tawaruji, 73, 77, 90n19 Cod. Or. 3240, 65, 66, 67, 72 Belado, 67, 75 Cod. Or. 3377, 65 Berma Raja, 126, 127 Destarata, 69 Betara Durga, 101 distressed mother exclaims, 67 Betara Guru, 68, 72, 73, 82, 83, ’s betrayal of, 68 105, 110, 113 episode of, 68, 78 Betara Indera Naya, 73, 100 kawitra water, 81, 82 descent to earth, 104–6 with kesaktian, 81 Betara Kala, 100, 101, 103, Narawuji teaches, 74 105–7, 110, 115–16, 123, 129 Pandawas and Korawas, 68–69 Betara Kangsa Dewa, 117, in Raffles Malay 21, 78 118–22, 127 Rama Widara, 69 Bhagavad Gita, 9, 12, 36, 49, Sangkuni, 69 53n14 story of, 65, 66, 67 Bharatayuddha/Bhāratayuddha, stretch of dialogue, 73 50–51, 78, 79, 138, 154, 158 Bisma, 47, 52n7

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“blemish and misfortune” (mala Derma Dewi, 112, 113 petaka), 80, 82 Destarata, 69 Boma, and Samba, 111–14 Dewa Ruci, 62, 77, 81–82 Book of the Devil (mengaji dari Dewi Derma Dewi, 118–20 Kitab Syaitan), 130 Dewi Januwati, 111, 112, 127 Braginsky, Vladimir, 8, 53n12, 59, Dewi Mandurati, 100, 101 78, 81, 82, 114, 128 Dewi Segerba, 106–7, 108, 109 Brakel, L., 31, 79 Dhand, Arti, 33 Brama, 112, 191, 202 Dharmeśwara, 138 ear ornament, 192 Drauni-Asvataman, 34 wayang iconography, 200–1 , 36 Brihadbala, 34 Dritarastra, 31, 35, 36 Brongtodiningrat, K.P.H., 208n4 Drona, 34, 39, 41, 42, 66–76 “Burning of Kama, The”, 108 “Drona Parwa”, 33, 38, 50, 51n3 Dronabhisheka Parwa, 33 C Droṇaparvan, 138 “Cakra Anggar” formation, 41–42 Dropadi, 39, 146, 175 cakra-vyuha, 34, 50 Dursasana, 34 Candi Panataran (Palah), 14 Duryodana, 34, 42, 66–76, 151, 153 Candra, 192 Dutch, Javanese lessons for, 203–7 wayang iconography, 196–98 Dwijendratattwa, 15 Carang Kembar Kusuma, 124, 126 Carey, William, 18 E “cerita yang mengerikan ini”, 31 eight deities, wayang iconography Counterfeiters of 1925, The (Gide), of, 191, 201–3 128 Baruna, 201, 202 Bayu, 198, 199 D Brama, 200–1 ‘dalang’, 110–11, 113, 129 Candra, 196–98 Dalang Mangku Jaya, 110, 111 Indra, 193–94 Dalang Sungging Anom, 110–12, “language of the silhouette”, 184, 113, 125 191 Danarto, 31, 48, 51, 55n30 Surya, 195–96 abangan environment, 46 Wisnu, 198, 199 on human beings, 47 Yama, 194–95 life history, 45–46 Endang Kusuma Jiwa, 115–16 “Nostalgia”, 46–49 Engelenberg, A.J.N., 23 pantheistic worldview, 49 enspherement, notion of, 93n45 short stories, 46 Death of Salya, The, 142, 150, 172, F 175, 176 Foltz, Richard, 182 Derma Dewa, 112 “the formula Water Destruction” (aji Jala Sengara), 74

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G gambuh-performance. See Gagelang, gambuh-performance in, gambuh-performance 114–22 narrative of, 101–3 Gaguritan Bharatayuddha, 144, 145 as Panji romance, 103–4 Gaguritan Senapati Śalya, 145, 146, Raden Galuh Candra Kirana, 149, 165 106–10, 131 gambuh-performance Raden Inu Kertapati, 106–10, in Gagelang, 114–22 131 in Tambak Kencana, 122–27 wayang kulit purwa performance, Ghatotkaca, 39, 41, 42, 52n9, 148, 110–14 149, 174 Hikayat Pandawa Jaya, 78, 79 -vadha Parwa, 33 Hikayat Pandawa Lima, 31, 55n39, Gide, André, 128 59, 121 Gift, The (Mauss), 207 copyist of, 51 Gonda, J., 64, 65 death of Abimanyu in, 41–45 Gunti, 71, 76 Hikayat Panji Kuda Semirang, 105, 109, 133n18 H Hikayat Sang Boma, 78, 112, 114, Hang Jebat, 44–45 127–28 Hanuman. See Anoman (Hanuman) Hikayat Seri Rama, 13, 23, 81, Hariśraya A, 16 91n33, 126, 127, 130 Hariśraya B, 16 Hindu and Muslim cultural forms, Hariwangśa, 120, 141 182 Hayam Wuruk, 18 Hindu-Buddhist antecedents, 83 Hazeu, Godard Arend Johannes, “Hindu-Javanese”, 10, 23 186–87 Hindu-Javanese gods, 130 Heritage of Traditional Malay Hinzler, H.I.R., 146–48 Literature, The (Braginsky), 8 History of , The (Raffles), 139 Het Indische Volk, 186 History of Malay Literature, A Hidimbi, 38–39, 52n9 (Winstedt), 60 hikayat, 8, 41, 50, 51, 87, 88, 100, Hodgson, Marshall, 182 111, 127 Hooykaas, C., 8, 60, 66 Hikayat Andaken Penurat, 59 Hookyaas-Ketut Sangka (HKS) Hikayat Cekel Wanengpati, 129–30 Collection, 144 Hikayat Galuh Digantung, 59 Hughes-Freeland, Felicia, 182, Hikayat Hang Tuah, 44, 45, 59, 85 208n4 Hikayat Misa Taman Jayeng Manon, 80 Kusuma (HMTJK), 100–1 Hyang Widi, 80 Betara Indera Naya’s descent to earth, 104–6 I fictionality and creative I Ketut Gede of Singaraja, 148, amplification, 127–31 149, 158–61, 170, 171

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I Wayan Kebeten (1931– ), 161, 163 repertoire, 164 iconographic representations, of tradition, 146 Śalyawadha, 146–50 Arjunawiwaha. See Ida Bagus Made Togog (1911–89), Arjunawiwaha 161, 162 Kakawin Bharatayuddha/ Ida Made Tlaga of Sanur, 149, 166, Bhāratayuddha. See 168 Bharatayuddha/Bhāratayuddha Ida Putu Hema of Badung, 149, Kakawin Bhomantaka (“Bhoma’s 167, 168 Death”). See Bhomāntaka Ida Wau Rauh, 15 (“Bhoma’s Death”) ilmu, 84 Kakawin Krishnandaka. See “Indic”, 182 KrishnandakaKakawin “Indology”, 187 Rāmāyaṇa (Old Javanese), Indra, 105, 108 181, 196, 201. See also “The wayang iconography, 193–94 Rāmāyaṇa Kakawin: A Product Ing Tegal Amlagung, 72 of Scholarship and “Islamicate”, 182 Independent Literary Genius” Kakawin . See J Smaradahana javanaiserie, 84–88. See also Malay Kalamisani, 105 culture, javanaiserie in Kalayawanantaka, 120 characteristics, 85 kalimah sahadat, 170 common strategy, 87 kalimahoṣada, 169–71, 175 cultural meanings of, 87 kalimasada, 170 element of, 86 Kama and Ratih, 108–9 hikayat, 87, 88 , 34, 42, 43, 150–2, 155 javanesque style, 86 Karṇaparvan, 138 Malay, 85, 87 Kats, J., 19 “Javanese Genius”, 181–84 Kaurawas/Kurawa, 34, 39, 48, 66, Javanese tradition manuscripts, 17 68–69, 138, 143, 146, 150, Jayabhaya, 38, 138, 140, 141 153, 158 Jayadrata, 33, 34, 39, 42, 43, 50 kāvya (“artificial court epic”), 9 Jayadratha-vadha Parwa, 33 kawi miring, 17, 139 Jayajatra, 48 kawitra water, 70, 72, 73, 81, 82 Jungmann, Josef, 8 Kebu Sendubama (), 115, 116 Juynboll, H.H., 22, 63 kekayaan Dewata Mulia Raya, 80 Kelana Anom Perwira, 114, 116 K Kelana Merta Jiwa, 103, 117–19 kakawin, 9, 10, 13, 14, 20, 23, 111, Kelana Panji Kayangan, 117–19 114, 121, 138–40 Kelana Prabu Desa, 117, 118 “death of Śalya”, 172 Ken Segerba Ningrat (RGCK), 102, literature, 141 115–16, 122

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Kern, Hendrik, 186–88 M kesaktian (magical power), 69, 74, macapat verse-forms, 22, 24, 25, 81, 84 139, 144, 145 Khanna, Vinod, 8, 9 Madurese Rama, 23 Ki Hadjar Dewantara, 189 period, 13, 14, 15, 18, Kidung Bratayuda, 144–45, 149 23 Kieven, Lydia, 15 Malay Concordance Project, 84 kingship, institution of, 12 Malay culture, javanaiserie in Klokke, Marijke J., 15 characters, 59 Korawas. See Kaurawas/Kurawa fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Kripa, 34 59 Krishna, 12, 37, 48, 49, 50 Hikayat Hang Tuah, 59 Krishna-Dwaipayana (Ganguli), 35 influence, 61 Krishnamurti, 46 language, 59 Krishnandaka, 120 literature and performance, 59, Krishnawijaya (“Krishna’s 60 Victory”), 120 Malay language, 61 Kritavarman, 34 mid-fifteenth century, 62 “Kromomania”, 186 Nawaruci, 61–65 ksatriya-dharma, 2, 12, 36 protagonists, 59 Kṣitisundarī, death of, 172–74 Raffles Malay 21. See Raffles Kuda Kerta Negara, 111, 117 Malay 21 Kuhnt-Saptodewo, Sri, 182 renditions, 63, 65 Sejarah Melayu, 59 L traditional communities in, 83 Laksamana Kumara, 42 Malayo-Javanese literature, 59 “language of the silhouette”, 184, “Malays toying with Americans” 191 (Proudfoot), 203 Lara Danta, 123, 124 Mangaspati, 41, 43 Lara Gading, 123, 124, 125 Mangku Mura (1920–99), 157, 175, Lasem, wayang kulit purwa 176 performance in, 108, 110–14 Manusmṛti, 9, 11 Leadbeater, C.W., 46 Marrison, Geoffrey E., 23 Leiden manuscripts, 185–86, 208n5 Marshman, Joshua, 18 Leiden University Library, 15–16, Martawangsa, 68, 76 26, 63, 65, 145, 186 Mauss, Marcel, 207 Lombok, 16, 22, 23 McDonald, Barbara, 17, 20–21 LOr 3240, 65, 66, 67, 72 McGrath, Kevin, 39 LOr 3377, 65 memanjangkan, 129 LOr 3390, 146, 148 mempe(r)dayakan, 80 LOr 3814, 145 Merapi-Merbabu manuscript LOr 3924, 145 collection, 18

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Milner, A.C., 44 author, 9 Misa Edan Sira Panji Jayeng kakawin, 138, 144, 150, 172, 173 Kusuma, 102–3, 114, 116 kalimahoṣadha, 170 Misa Kusuma Yuda, 117, 122, 123 language in Balinese script, 147 Misa Merga Asmara, 117, 122, 123 literature, 6, 139, 140 Moertono, Soemarsaid, 181 parwa, 138 Mpu , 105, 108 Old Javanese Rāmāyaṇa (OJR), 8, Mpu Panuluh, 38, 52n9, 140, 9, 196, 201 141–43, 172, 174 babon (original), 17 Bhāratayuddha, 150, 152, 175 in Bali, 16 epic narrative by, 158 in Java, 16–17 longevity of, 175 in Lombok, 16 Śalya’s death, 171 jarwa (explanatory) text, 17, 24 Śalyawadha, 175 precise dating of, 9–10 personal contribution, 144 recopied textual history, 14 personal misreading, 170 thought-world, 10–13 Mpu Sĕḍah, 138, 140, 142, 145, transmission process, 17 169–70, 172 Ottoman flag, 206 Overbeck, H., 60, 61, 85 N Over Maleise Literatuur Nakula, 143, 144, 148, 158–61 (Hooykaas), 60 “nama”, 44 National Library of , 65 P “Nawaruci”, 61–65 ‘pāśabrata’, 210n22 Bima Suci, 62 Pakualam II, 184, 189, 190 Dewa Ruci, 62 Pakualaman library, 184, 185, 209n17 Malay rendition, 63 Pakualaman principality, 184, 185, mid-fifteenth century, 62 189 Old Javanese version, 63, 64, 76 Pakubuwana IV, 17 , 63–64 Pandawas, 34, 39, 76, 77, 138, 151. Prijohoetomo, 77 See also Panji (prince) teachings, 63 kalimasada, 170 Nieuws van den Dag, 186 and Korawas, 68–69 Nila Utama (Tillotama), 108, 110, narratives, 59, 60 112 Rama Widara and Gunti, 76 Nirartha, 15 Pangeran Arya Natadiraja, 186 Niwatakawaca, 106 Pangeran Tambak Kencana, 103, “Nostalgia”, 2, 31, 45–49 123–25, 127 Panji (prince), 59 O and Pandawa narratives, 59, 60, Old Javanese, 5, 6 85 academic study of, 6 See also Sira Panji (RIK)

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Panji Jayalengkara, 23 Raffles, Thomas Stamford, 139 Panji romance, Hikayat Misa Raffles Malay 21, 66–68, 72, 73, Taman Jayeng Kusuma, 100, 74, 78, 83, 84, 89n7, 89n9 103–4 Rāma, 10, 11, 24 pantheism (wahdat al-wujud), 46 divine nature of, 12 Parameśwara, 11 as incarnation of Wiṣṇu, 12 Parikan Bharatayuddha, 144 Javanese wayang-style Pariksit, 33, 50, 175 representation of, 183 parwa, 138 lessons on leadership, 181–84 ‘pasemon’, 107, 115, 124, 134n37 Madurese version of, 18 Pasupati (magic arrow), 105–6 Rama Jarwa, 17 -pe(r)dayakan, 82 Rama Kawi, 17 Peletz, Michael G., 83, 84 Rama Kling (Kĕling), 22 Philippine flag of 1897, 207 Rama Widara, 69, 71, 76 Pigeaud, Th.G.Th., 17, 18, 19–20, “The Rāmāyaṇa Kakawin: A 21, 22, 26n8 Product of Sanskrit Scholarship Poerbatjaraka, 19, 26n4, 63–65, 74, and Independent Literary 77 Genius”, 8 “Popular Rama Tales” (Pigeaud), Ratih, Kama and, 108–9 22 reincarnation, metaphysics of, 47 postcolonial studies, 210n26 religiosity, 79–84 Prabu Anom, 102–3, 123–25 Ricklefs, M.C., 21 (Loro Jonggrang), “Rising Sun” flag of Japan, 204 12–13 ruat, 83 Prihatmi, Rahayu, 46 Rubinstein, R., 15 Prijohoetomo, 77 Russo–Japanese War (1904–5), 204 Proudfoot, Ian, 203 Rāwaṇa, 10, 11, 13, 126, 127

R S Raden Asmara Agung, 110 Sabhāparwa, 158, 174 Raden Galuh Candra Kirana Sadewa, 42, 71, 75, 76 (RGCK), 101–3, 106–10, 131 sakti, 84 Raden Gunung Sari, 110, 117, 125 Saktimulya, Sri Ratna, 185, 209n8 Raden Inu Kertapati (RIK), 100, Sakula, 42, 71, 75, 76 101–3, 106–10, 131 Salim, Agus, 46 Raden Kangsa, 121 Śalya/Śalyawadha, 38, 39, 140, Raden Kembar Dahang, 110–13 142, 143 Raden Ngabehi Wediodipoera, 188 and Aśwatthāmā, 150–58 Raden Panji Harjawinata, 190 in Bali, 143–46 Raden Panji Jayengminarsa, 190 and Bhīṣma, 148 Raden Ratna Langoe, 115–16, 117 of Bhāratayuddha, 143 Radjiman Widijodiningrat, 188 death, 168–71

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Gaguritan Senapati, 145, 146, Sĕstradisuhul, 185, 190 149, 165 Smaradahana, 108 iconographic representations of, State and Statecraft in Old Java: 146–50 A Study of the Later Mataram and Karṇa, 151, 155 Period, 16th to 19th Century Nakula’s embassy to, 158–60 (Moertono), 181 narrative interventions, 144 Stutterheim, W., 12 and Satyawatī, 143, 149, 160–68 Subadra, 31, 36, 37, 52n4 Śalyaparvan, 138, 143 sudahlah ruat mala petakaku, 72 Samba, Boma and, 111–14 Sugandhika, 39 Sang Seta Jaman, 42 Sunan Kalijaga, 170 Sang Setyaki, 42 Sunan Pakubuwana VII, 18 Sanggarbambu (“Bamboo Supomo, S., 38, 39, 40, 137, 139, Monastery”), 45 144, 169 Sangkuni, 66, 68–75 Suprabha, 106, 107, 108 Saran, Malini, 8, 9 Surakarta, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 64, Sarkar, H.B., 8 182, 184 Sastra Agĕng Adidarma, 184, Suratno, Pardi, 182 186–89, 204 ‘surengpati’, 192 Satyawatī, 38, 39, 140, 143, 160– Surya, 192, 193, 202 68 wayang iconography, 195–96 death of, 171–74 Sweeney, P.L., 60, 61, 84 Sauptikaparvan, 138, 143, 158 syair, 8, 110 Sejarah Melayu, 59, 130 Syair Buah-Buahan, 129 Semar, 42, 67, 75, 101, 115. See Syair Ken Tambuhan, 103–4, 107, also Kebu Sendubama (Semar) 110 Sembadra, 48 Serat al-Mustakim, 130 T serat kandha, 78–79, 91n29 Tambak Kencana, gambuh- serat kandhaning ringgit purwa, 78 performance in, 122–27 serat purwa, 78 Tantri, 23 Serat Rama, 2, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 “tantrism”, 41 Seta (Sweta), 47 Teeuw, A., 7, 23, 25 Si Kuncang, 45 foreign texts importance, 8 Sino–Japanese War (1894–95), 204 literary history, 7, 12, 23 Sira Panji (RIK), 114–17, 122 tembang macapat, 18, 19 Sita Dewi, 10, 11, 24, 81, 126–27 ‘tĕmbang’ texts, 190 Siti Sundari, 38, 40, 41, 48, 50, Tillotama, 106, 108 52n9 “Translation, Transformation and Sosro Kartono, 187, 188 Indonesian Literary History” Spivak, Gayatri, 203 (Teeuw), 7 Sĕrat Ngadidamastra, 189 Treaty of Giyanti, 20

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Trijaṭā, 24 mythology, 63, 68 Tunjung Maya, 128 theatre, 20, 25, 26n5 Tunjung Sari, 113, 128 wayang Jawa, 87 Tuntunan Salat, 46 wayang kulit purwa, 99, 108, 110–14, 130 U wayang-style paintings, 147, 165 Udyogaparvan, 138 Wibhīṣaṇa, 11, 183 Uhlenbeck, E.M., 6 Winstedt, Richard, 59, 60, 68 Utari, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 48, 50 Winter, C.F., 18, 19 Uttarakāṇḍa, 13, 16 “Wirata Parwa”, 13, 33, 37 Wiryamartana, 18 V Wisnu, 12, 168, 192 Van der Tuuk, H.N., 63, 65, 79, ear ornaments, 193 145 wayang iconography, 198, 199 Bhāratayuddha paintings, 147 worldmaking, 86, 88n2 collection of paintings, 146–47, 154, 165 Y LOr 3390, 146 Yama, wayang iconography, 193, LOr 3814, 145 194–95 LOr 3924, 145 Yangyang Kusuma, 108 LOr 4129, 145 Yasadipura, 18, 19, 64, 108 pivotal role, 149 Yogyakarta, 20, 45, 182 Vatsala/Sasirekha, 174 libraries, 184, 208n4 Visual Museum Collection, 150 Yudistira/Yudhiṣṭhira, 41, 42, 75, Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, 8–9, 13, 18 151, 169 Vodička, F., 8 book-weapon, 143, 170 Voorhoeve, Petrus, 189 orders Nakula to visit Śalya, 159 Vyasa (Lal), final assurance to persuaded by Krĕṣṇa, 169 Yudistira, 35–36 pleads with Abimanyu, 34 refuses to oppose Śalya, 168 W shoots Śalya with kalimahoṣadha, “The War of the Bhāratas”, 138 171 wayang, 40, 42, 50, 53n11, 77 Vyasa’s final assurance to, 35–36 iconography, of eight deities. See eight deities, wayang Z iconography of Zoetmulder, P.J., 9, 26n2, 37, 40, Javanese-style, 67 139, 142

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