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Home , Crater 2 Dwarf

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VIRGINIA STANDARDS OF LEARNING ASSESSMENTS

Spring 2002 Released Test

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Property of the Virginia Department of Education

᭧ 2002 by the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education, James Monroe Building, 101 N. 14th Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators may photocopy or print any portion of these Released Tests for educational purposes without requesting permission. All others should direct their requests to the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education at (804) 225-2102, Division of Assessment and Reporting. SESSION: 31 PAGE: 3 4/23/102 14:31 LOGIN IS-pam PATH: @sun1/xydisk2/CLS_psycorp/GRP_virginia/JOB_537152g11/DIV_g11esci-1 Earth Science

DIRECTIONS 2 What is the main advantage of using Read each question carefully and choose the best dams to produce electrical energy? answer. Then mark the space on the answer F They can be built near most cities. sheet for the answer you have chosen. ੭EY07B401 G They do not produce much pollution. ੭ C H They are inexpensive to build. SAMPLE J They do not damage wildlife homes.

Which of these can be used to measure atmospheric pressure?

A An anemometer B A barometer ੭ 3 A student set up an experiment to test C A thermometer the effects of soil compaction on plant growth. The student put equal weights D A seismometer of moist soil into 10 containers, ੭EY01D401 planted a bean seed one inch deep in each container, and then ﬁrmly C L compacted the soil in 5 of the containers. After the seeds sprouted, 1 Igneous rocks are formed by — the student measured the height of each plant every day and kept a record A heat and pressure on existing rocks of the results. What else must the student do over time to ensure a valid EY06A105੬ B evaporation of water, leaving solids behind experiment? C C cooling and hardening of molten rock ੭ A Water any container in which the soil D layers of mud on the bottom of a lake feels dry B Water all of the containers the same amount and at the same time ੭ C Water any of the plants that seem to be growing more slowly than the others D Water the plants in compacted soil more than those in uncompacted soil

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4 Which planet is often called “Earth’s 5 Crust twin” because it is similar in mass and diameter to the Earth? EY14A505੬ Mantle ੭EY08C508 F Mars C C G Mercury Liquid outer H Venus ੭ core ArtCodes EY08C508.AR1 J Pluto Solid inner core

Even though the Earth’s inner core is hotter than the liquid outer core, it is still solid because —

A the heat rising from the inner core is melting the outer core B there is more water in the outer core and it dilutes the materials C the outer core is farther from the center, and there is less gravity holding it together D the pressure from all of Earth’s layers keeps it in a solid state ੭

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6 A light-year measures — 9 Which of the following minerals found in the northern Piedmont province is F brightness known as “fool’s gold”? EY14B292੬ G distance ੭ ੭EY05B504 A Pyrite ੭ C H radiation C B Hematite J time C Galena D Limonite

7 Which vertebrate did not live during the time of the dinosaurs (the Mesozoic Era)? 10 EY10A106੬ C ੭EY11C513 C

ArtCodes ArtCodes EY10A106.AR1 EY11C513.AR1 EY10A106.AR2 EY10A106.AR3 EY10A106.AR4

AC੭ On weather maps, there are lines with tiny triangles on one side. This represents —

F cold air moving in the direction the triangles point ੭ G cold air moving opposite the direction the triangles point H warm air moving in the direction the triangles point BD J warm air moving opposite the direction the triangles point

8 Land breezes and sea breezes are created by the differences in —

EY11C509੬ F the Earth’s tilt on its axis G solar radiation reaching the Earth’s C surface H the heat capacity between water and land ੭ J the living organisms occurring in the land and sea

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11 13 During droughts, lack of rain can lead to wells drying up. This is because the drought has lowered the — EY01B504੬ ੭EY09C505 A water table ੭ C C B water trough ArtCodes C zone of aeration EY01B504.AR1 D zone of porosity Top view Side view

Pictured above is a shoebox with rows 14 Which of these is the best evidence of holes in the top, large enough for that the Earth’s crust has undergone straws to ﬁt through. By placing some major changes? straws through the holes, students ੭EY04A401 have to determine the shape of an F The location of major rivers unseen object in the box. This activity C G The amount of available water on Earth L simulates the technology used to map H The presence of marine fossils in the seaﬂoor. What is that technology mountain rock ੭ called? J The arrival of the vernal equinox A Laser beams B Doppler radar C Sonar ੭ D Seismology 15 Carbon-14 Decay 22,800 ੭EY01C516 17,100 C

12 Which diagram correctly shows wind ArtCodes motion between pressure areas? 11,400 EY01C516.AR1

EY04D101 ੬ 5,700 C LLHL Years Since Death

FH੭ 0 ArtCodes 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 EY04D101.AR1 EY04D101.AR2 Fraction of Carbon-14 Remaining EY04D101.AR3 EY04D101.AR4 HHLH

GJAccording to the graph above, a piece of timber containing one-eighth of the amount of carbon-14 that is found in a living tree died about how many years ago?

A 5,700 years B 11,400 years C 17,100 years ੭ D 22,800 years

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16 The Life Cycle of a Star 17 A Nebula B EY14B208 EY06C203 ੬ C D ੭ Protostar C C Continental Continental Lithosphere Lithosphere ArtCodes Main-sequence star 100 km ArtCodes EY14B208.AR1 Oceanic Plate EY06C203.AR1 Asthenosphere

Red giant Supergiant 200 km

White dwarf Supernova Increasing Time At which location are metamorphic rocks most likely to be found? Black dwarf Neutron Black star hole A A B B Increasing Mass C C ੭ D D What is the ﬁrst stage in the life cycle of a star?

F Black hole G Dwarf star H Main-sequence star J Stellar nebula ੭

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18 Average Relative Humidity 19 Of the following, the largest division for Latitudes North and South on the geologic time scale is — of the Equator EY02B402੬ A a year ੭EY10C595 100 B an epoch C C C an era ੭ ArtCodes D a period EY02B402.AR1 90

80 (%)

20 Saturn’s volume is 762 times the

Relative Humidity 70 volume of Earth, and yet its mass is only about 95 times that of Earth’s mass. This is due to Saturn’s — ੭EY14A506 60 C 60° 40° 20° 0° 20° 40° 60° F low density ੭ North Equator South Latitude G temperature H thousands of rings Hypothesis: The average relative J distance from the sun humidity decreases north and south of the equator.

According to the data shown in the graph, the hypothesis is only correct for 21 When placed in water, ice rises to the latitudes — top of the liquid. Unlike most solids F up to 40Њ from the equator ੭ that sink when placed in their liquid forms, ice ﬂoats because — EY04B504 G from the poles to 40Њ from the equator ੭ C H between 20Њ and 60Њ from the equator A it is colder than water J farthest from the equator B it is less dense than water ੭ C the pressure of the water holds it up D gases inside the ice make it buoyant

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22 24

EY08B505੬ C ੭EY10B113

ArtCodes C EY08B505.AR1 X ArtCodes EY10B113.AR1 Y

Which of these tracks was made last? The formations at X and Y in the picture above were created by —

F tension G shearing H compression ੭ J rifting ArtCodes FH EY10B113.AR2 EY10B113.AR3 EY10B113.AR4 EY10B113.AR5

23 GJ੭

EY07E501੬ C

ArtCodes 25 Orbital velocity is the average speed of EY07E501.AR1 a planet moving through space in its orbit around the sun. Which of the following planets has the fastest orbital velocity? ੭EY14A503 A Mercury ੭ C B Jupiter C Mars D Pluto The picture above shows that one of the main pollution problems associated with sinkholes is that —

A they can destroy roadways B tractors can fall into them C homes can be damaged by them D they can connect directly to the water table ੭

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26 Model of a Turbidity Current 28 MOHS’ SCALE OF HARDNESS MineralHardness Common Tests Muddy EY02B202੬ ੭EY05A118 water Talc 1 Scratched by a C fingernail C Gypsum 2 L ArtCodes Scratched by a ArtCodes Calcite 3 EY02B202.AR1 copper coin EY05A118.AR1 Tank of seawater Fluorite 4 Scratched by a Apatite 5 knife blade

Feldspar 6

Quartz 7 Scratches a knife Topaz 8 blade What does the diagram illustrate about Corundum 9 turbidity currents? Scratches all Diamond 10 common materials F They move along the bottom. ੭ G They stop moving as soon as they reach the ocean ﬂoor. Which conclusion can be made based H They are temperature-dependent. on the information in the chart? J They only occur in salt water. F Quartz is harder than topaz. G Calcite is harder than apatite. H Fluorite is harder than feldspar. J Gypsum is harder than talc. ੭

27 In karst regions, caves are carved by the ﬂow of water through limestone bedrock. How do the stalagmites and EY09B305੬ stalactites in the caves develop? C A They are carbonate deposits formed by dripping water in air-ﬁlled cavities. ੭ B They are granite intrusions that remain behind after water dissolves the surrounding limestone. C They are crystals that grow as water hollows out the cavern. D They are carvings made in limestone by the swirling water as it hollows out the cavern.

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29 31 The edges of moving crustal plates are often deﬁned by —

EY06A103੬ A ocean basins ੭EY08B406 B frequent seismic activity ੭ C C L Limestone C intercontinental plains L ArtCodes D Earth’s largest rivers EY06A103.AR1

Shale Granite Shale 32

EY14A121 Marble Marble ੭ Chromosphere C

ArtCodes EY14A121.AR1 Photosphere Which of the following rocks represents an igneous intrusion?

A Granite ੭ Core B Limestone C Marble Corona D Shale

30 Ocean → Evaporation → Condensation Which layer of the sun is the most dense? Which of these would come next in the F Chromosphere EY09D104੬ water cycle? G Photosphere C F Aeration L H Core ੭ G Sedimentation J Corona H Deposition J Precipitation ੭

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33 The topographic map that may show a 34 Seattle hill with a volcanic crater is —

EY03A515੬ ੭EY01C507 C C Salt Lake City ArtCodes ArtCodes A EY01C507.AR1 EY03A515.AR1 San EY03A515.AR2 Diego EY03A515.AR3 EY03A515.AR4 100

Scale of Kilometers 0 500 1000 1500 2000

9 8 7 B 6 100 5 4 3 P and S waves (min) 2

Difference in arrival times of 1

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Distance to epicenter (km)

C ੭ An earthquake struck San Diego, California. The above map and table show that the approximate difference 100 in arrival times between the P-wave and S-wave at Seattle is —

F 2 minutes G 3 minutes ੭ H 4 minutes J 5 minutes D

100

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35 The ozone layer protects life on Earth 37 All of the following features of the from — ocean indicate tectonic activity except — EY12E504 A ultraviolet rays ੭ EY11D305 ੬ ੭ ੭ B gamma rays A abyssal plains C C C infrared rays B mid-ocean ridges D x-rays C seamounts D trenches

36 Lebanon 38 Which of these causes days and nights? Syria Crete Cyprus Iran EY03C401 Iraq F The orbit of the Earth around the sun ੬ Israel Kuwait Bahrain G The revolution of the moon around the EY14A109 C ੭ Jordan Qatar L Earth Egypt C ArtCodes Saudi R H The rotation of the moon on its axis e EY03C401.AR1 d Arabia S ੭ e J The rotation of the Earth on its axis a UAE

Oman Sudan N Yemen W E S

a i Arabian Ethiopia l 0 300 km a Sea m 39 o S

EY09A503 About how long is the Red Sea? ੭ C F 40 km 1 G 300 km ArtCodes EY09A503.AR1 H 1200 km 2 J 2100 km ੭ 3 4

Which layer of the above soil proﬁle would be affected the most by weathering and erosion?

A 1 ੭ B 2 C 3 D 4

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40 Fault line 42 In which of the graphs would the precipitation at ground level most Epicenter likely be rain? EY08B530੬ ੭EY13B503

C Temperature Profile C (°C) ArtCodes -10˚ EY03B530.AR1

-0˚ Shock waves Focus F ੭

The point from which an earthquake ArtCodes +15˚ EY13B503.AR1 originates is called the — EY13B503.AR2 -20˚ 0˚ +20˚ EY13B503.AR3 F focus ੭ EY13B503.AR4 G epicenter Temperature Profile H fault line (°C) J shock wave -20˚

0˚ 41 Which of these facts is the best -20˚ 0˚ +20˚ supporting evidence that the universe is expanding? EY14B403 Temperature Profile ੬ ° A The stars vary in chemical composition. ( C) C -10˚ L B The galaxies are moving away from each other. ੭ H 0˚ C The galaxies can spin to form eddies. D The universe is ﬁlled with galaxies of different sizes. 0˚ -10˚ -20˚ 0˚ +20˚

Temperature Profile (°C) -10˚

J 0˚

0˚ -5˚ -20˚ 0˚ +20˚

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43 Jellyﬁsh have rarely been fossilized 44 Which of the landforms is most likely because they — to result when two continents collide?

EY10A406੬ A contain no carbon compounds ੭EY08C506 B are very rare animals C C L C are generally found in oceans D have soft bodies ੭ F ੭ ArtCodes EY08C506.AR1 EY08C506.AR2 EY08C506.AR3 EY08C506.AR4

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45 Why is the surface temperature of the 48 Virginia has large deposits of sand and oceans more variable than the water gravel. These are usually found in near the ocean ﬂoor? areas where — EY11C403੬ ੭EY07C507 A Most energy is exchanged at the F water once ﬂowed ੭ C ੭ C surface. G lava once covered the ground B Most animals live near the surface. H swamps once were present C The water is less dense at the surface. J the water table was once very low D The salt concentration is more variable at the surface.

49 Which of these energy sources originates from a nonrenewable 46 Shenandoah Blue Ridge resource? Valley ੭EY07B402 A Solar Fault C EY08B595 ੬ B Geothermal L C C Fossil fuel ੭ D Hydroelectric ArtCodes EY08B595.AR1

More of the upper block’s formation is 50 What does Pangaea mean? missing mainly due to — F It is the name of an extinct volcano. F lower layers subjected to less pressure G It is the French word for volcano. ੭EY04A519 G erosion of the upper layers’ surfaces ੭ H It is the name of an ancient C ੭ H less deformation than in the lower block supercontinent. J presence of more igneous rock in the J It is a huge disruption of the Earth’s block atmospheric circulation.

47 More often than metamorphic or igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks have — EY06B101੬ A many holes from trapped gases C L B large quartz crystals C numerous fossils ੭ D a glassy appearance

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