HighlightsNeutrino from Physics Gran Sasso Searches Laboratory: Future Perspectives for LNGS

1 Lucia VotanoLucia – INFNVotano Gran –Sasso LNGS National Laboratory 3 main halls A B C ~100 x 20 m2 (h 20 m) Muon Flux 3.0 10-4 μ m-2 s-1

Neutron Flux 2.92 10-6 n cm-2 s-1 (0-1 keV) 0.86 10-6 n cm-2 s-1 (> 1 keV)

Depth: 1400 m (3800 m w.e.) Surface: 17800 m2 Volume: 180000 m3 Rn in air: 20-80 Bq/m3 External facilities ISO 14001 Ventilation: 1 Lab volume/3 h Electrical power: 1300 kW

Access: horizontal 2 Research activities:  Dark matter searches  Neutrino physics  Nuclear Astrophysics  Associate Sciences: Environmental Radioactivity for Earth Sciences, Geophysics, Fundamental Physics, Biology

3 OCCUPANCY

XENON 1T CRESST GERDA ERMES WARP GIGS XENON LUNA LVD ICARUS CUORE

BOREXINO

DarkSide 50

VIP OPERA

COBRA LOW ACTIVITY LAB

DAMA/LIBRA

4  Basic neutrino properties . 0νDBD  Solar neutrinos (Borexino) . 7Be the main target . 8B, pep first evidence, CNO limit, and possibly pp  Geo anti-neutrinos (Borexino)  CNGS neutrinos . OPERA and ICARUS  SuperNova neutrinos . LVD, Borexino and ICARUS . LVD and Borexino are in the SNEWS network

5 Oscillation experiments have clearly demonstrated that:

neutrinos (νe, νµ, ντ) do oscillate

neutrinos (ν1, ν2, ν3) are massive New Physics beyond SM must exist

Oscillation experiment cannot answer:

1. are neutrinos Dirac or Majorana particles? 2. what is the absolute mass scale

6 LNGS program: complementary approaches concerning isotopes and techniques

 GERDA: HPGe detectors enriched in 76Ge . running

130  CUORE: TeO2 bolometers ( Te) . construction phase.

 Lucifer R&D to further suppress background: scintillating bolometers

 COBRA R&D: CdZnTe room temperature detectors 7 From Vissani, Strumia From Vissani, Strumia hep-ph/0606054v2 GERDA hep-ph/0606054v2 CUORE KK claim 270 meV GERDA I, II 110 meV

8 9 10  Borexino Phase II ( 3-4 years) Physics goal . Improve significance of pep signal . Improve limit (or observation?) of CNO . Search for pp neutrinos . Improve precision on 7Be neutrinos . Improve significance of geo-antineutrinos  What next? A proposal for a short baseline sterile neutrino search experiment has been submitted to the LNGS SC in April 2012 ν 51Cr Source under the detector Antiν 144Ce-144Pr inside the detector ( see Ranucci’s talk) 11 Energy:

optimized for ντ appearance mode Goal: prove definitely the neutrino oscillations

Project INFN-CERN: approved in 1999, started in 2006

νµ beam produced at CERN and detected at LNGS Experimental halls designed in the CERN direction

OPERA running since 2006 L = 730 km ICARUS running since 2010 LNGS 12 CERN Tflight = 2.44 ms Zoom 1 5 3 g1

parent 8 (daughter) 6 2 (proton) 13 ICARUS T600 in LNGS Hall B

Two identical modules Conceived as a Multi-purpose 3.6 x 3.9 x 19.6 ≈ 275 m3 each detector: atmospheric, solar (>8 Mev), Liquid Ar active mass: ≈ 476 t supernovae neutrinos, nucleon decay searches in “exotic” channels, CNGS beam

The most important Milestone towards a multi-kton LAr detector with unique imaging capability, and spatial/calorimetric resolutions

CNGS neutrino events

2011 CNGS Run 93% live-time 14 CC eventNC event Present situation Volume under the crane ≈ 25x103 m3 Present situation

15 Future situation

16 Present situation + Xenon 1t

Volume under the crane ≈ 17x103 m3

17 Future situation

18  Present existing underground Laboratory: Since the end of the CNGS program (2013-2015), and before next decade, large underground space could be made available: . the entire Hall B (110 m long, 17K m3) . and there may be additional 40 m in Hall C

LNGS may host in future new detectors for neutrino physics searches. Enough underground space for:

1. ≈(7-10) Kt Liquid Argon TPC detector

2. ≈100 Kt magnetized iron scintillator detector See “Monolith” (13 x 14.5 x 30 m3=34Kt)

For CPV and mass hierarchy with LBL and/or atmospheric ν

19  Present existing underground Laboratory: Since the end of the CNGS program (2013-2015), and before next decade, large underground space could be made available: . the entire Hall B (110 m long, 17K m3) . and there may be additional 40 m in Hall C

 New halls in the present site can hardly be excavated

 LNGS-B proposal: A shallow depth (1.2 Km w.e.) new laboratory •2 possible sites, 7-12 Km off axis CNGS •Out of the protected area of the Gran Sasso Park •Any presence of significant Uwater

•Partially based on Regional Funds 20 POSSIBLE NEW LOCATION 21 Courtesy of Prof.Ing. Roberto Guercio – University of Rome “La Sapienza” ALTERNATIVE LOCATION

A

B

22 Courtesy of Prof.Ing. Roberto Guercio – University of Rome “La Sapienza” ALTERNATIVE “B” - CAMARDA

23 Courtesy of Prof.Ing. Roberto Guercio – University of Rome “La Sapienza” ALTERNATIVE “A” - AQUILANO

24 Courtesy of Prof.Ing. Roberto Guercio – University of Rome “La Sapienza” NEW LABORATORY SECTION

25 Courtesy of Prof.Ing. Roberto Guercio – University of Rome “La Sapienza” See C. Rubbia’s talk

26 27 Courtesy of C. Rubbia Daya Bay and RENO have recently observed a large θ13 neutrino mixing angle which confirms the early results from T2K, Double-Chooz and MINOS, as well as from global neutrino data analyses. This finding offers an unprecedented opportunity to study the leptonic mixing matrix with artificial neutrino beams, addressing the major challenges in this field, as the occurrence of CP violation in the leptonic sector, the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy and the measurement of θ23. The meeting will evaluate the experimental perspectives of such a

“large θ13” scenario. The talks and discussions will target the opportunities offered by the existing and new facilities and in particular by the long-baseline experiments.

Neutrino at the Turning Point LNGS 8-10 May 2012 A principal aim is to clarify which type of neutrino beams, detectors and which laboratories are best suited to investigate the neutrino properties, in order to outline a realistic European roadmap for the next decade. 28 29 30 Courtesy of Longhin 31 Courtesy of Longhin Courtesy of Longhin 32 Comparison 2290 Km, 50 GeV p-driver 730 Km, 50 GeV p-driver 33 Courtesy of Longhin  After the end of the CNGS program (2013-2015), large underground space could be made available @LNGS  LNGS-B: a shallow depth new laboratory can be envisaged  New proposals on the floor: 1. Search for sterile neutrino with Borexino 2. Search for CPV with Modular

 The evidence for large θ13 has opened new interesting scenarios @730 Km distance that

is worth further studies 34