The Search for 0νββ Decay: A Look at Four Experiments
Cameron Sumner
April 30, 2018
Abstract
Background: Double beta (2νββ) decay is a process in certain isotopes where two neutrons decay into two protons and emit two electrons and two electron-neutrinos. If neutrinos are their own antiparticles
(called Majorana particles), a theoretical neutrinoless beta decay (0νββ), where the two neutrinos annihilate each other, should be possible. Four experiments are searching for evidence of this decay.
Purpose: Searching for lepton number violation via neutrinoless beta decay (0νββ), which would prove that neutrinos are Majorana particles. Methods: Each experiment observes the decay of certain isotopes that undergo 2νββ decay in the search for 0νββ decay. The methods and isotopes used are all slightly different, but they all measure energy absorption from the decay. If 0νββ decay is observed, the resulting energy absorption would include the energy of the missing neutrinos. Results: No evidence of
0νββ decay has been found. Each experiment found a lower limit of the decay ranging from