DOCSLIB.ORG

Part I: Chapter 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Part I: Chapter 2 Form and meaning in Fulfulde: a morphophonological study of Maasinankoore Breedveld, J.O. Citation Breedveld, J. O. (1995, May 30). Form and meaning in Fulfulde: a morphophonological study of Maasinankoore. CNWS/LDS Publications. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/68663 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/68663 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/68663 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Breedveld, J.O. Title: Form and meaning in Fulfulde: a morphophonological study of Maasinankoore Issue Date: 1995-05-30 Part I Phonology Chapter two Speech sounds 2.1 FULFULDE SPEECH SOUNDS The vowel inventory of the Fulfulde of Maasina is represented in the following table. -round -round +round -back -back +back +front -front -front +high -low +ATR i u -high -low +ATR e 0 -high -low -ATR e ::> -high +low -ATR a Nasalized vowels, voiceless vowels, and laryngealized vowels occur in Fulfulde too. They can be predicted from underlying phonological structures. The consonant inventory of the Fulfulde of Maasina is represented in the table below. labial labiovelar alveolar palatal velar glottal voiceless stop p t k voiced stop b d g voiceless affricate C voiced affricate j voiced lateral I voiced trill r voiceless fricative f s voiced approximant w y voiceless approximant h laryngealized stop 6 cf laryngealized affricate j glottal stop 1 nasal stop m n .Jl IJ prenasalized stop mb °<I Dj ng The speech sounds are represented by their orthographic symbols. The symbol [c] represents the phonetic affricate sequence [cJ]. The symbol [j] represents the phonetic affricate sequence [d3]. The symbol [j] represents the phonetic affricate sequence [<J.~]. The phonetic realization of laryngealization is represented with a tilde under the segment [ _ ]. Several issues have been raised in the discussion about the phonemic status of the above consonants and vowels in the Fulfulde literature. The description of length, the status of the 22 Speech sounds prenasalized consonants, and the nature of the affricates have been interpreted in different ways. All three phenomena: length, prenasalization, and the complex structure of affricate segments are related to the organization of features in time within a phoneme. The analysis of these time related issues are discussed in section 2.3 in an autosegmental framework. 2.2 THE PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES The Fulfulde speech sounds are analyzed as bundles of features (organized on autosegmental tiers). The features are binary except for the acoustic feature of sonority which is placed on a hierarchical scale (see section 4.4). The six distinctive places of articulation used to describe consonants consist of the bundling of the following feature values. labial labiovelar alveolar palatal velar glottal coronal + + anterior + + high + + back + + front + round + low + The place features for the vowels are slightly different from those of consonants. There are four feature tiers that are common for both consonants and vowels: [high], [back], [round], and [low]. The tiers specifying [coronal] and [anterior] are only specified for consonants, not for vowels. The autosegmental feature tier ATR is only linked to vowels, not to consonants. There is no separate consonant tier and vowel tier but the anterior and coronal tier are only linked to consonants and the ATR tier is only linked to vowels. The following figure gives the place feature specification of vowels in Fulfulde. a e e i ;) 0 u high + + back + + + round + + + front + + + low + ATR + + + + The occurrence of both vowels and consonants on the feature tiers [high], [back], [round], and [low] is necessary for the explanation of phonological changes where vowels influence the place features of adjacent consonants. The instructions to the vocal cords are represented by the autosegments [constricted], [voice], and [spread]. Constricted means that the arytenoids are brought tightly together so that the vocal cords cannot vibrate (either fully or partially). Spread means that the vocal cords are apart (either fully or partially) allowing for the air to pass freely. Voice means that the vocal cords are vibrating,, either over the full length or only the ligamental part. The Phonological features 23 consonant [h] is whispered, i.e. the vocal cords are together or narrowed except between the arytenoids (Ladefoged 1971:8). The feature [-voice] is realized as whisper for the consonant [h]. The following figure gives the possible configurations of the voice features. voiced voiceless laryngealized glottal stop voice + + spread + constricted + + The feature [+nasal] occurs in nasal and prenasalized stops and in nasalized vowels. Nasalized vowels are (often optional) phonetic realizations of a vowel-nasal sequence in word final position. The different manners of articulation of consonants are described with the features [continuant], [lateral], [vibrant], and [strident]. Vowels have the same autosegmental representation as approximants. Voiced approximants (glides) and vowels only differ in sonority, a scaled feature that is described in section 4.4. The following figure shows the values of the manner features of a number of phonological categories. vowel approximant trill lateral fricatives obstruents continuant + + + + lateral + vibrant + strident + The obstruents can be divided into several categories. Obstruents can be voiced, voiceless, laryngealized, glottal, nasal, prenasalized, and affricate in Fulfulde. They differ from each other according to the type of voicing, the absence and presence of nasality, and their temporal structure. Prenasalized consonants and affricates are obstruents with a complex time structure. They are analyzed with a sequence of two different values on one tier during one time slot. affricate obstruents prenasalized obstruents C j j {mb, nd, nj, ng} nasal +- continuant -+ -+ -+ lateral vibrant strident + + + voice + + spread + constricted + Affricates are marked by the sequence [-continuant][+continuant] within one time slot. Prenasalized consonants are analyzed with a [+nasal][-nasal] sequence within one time slot. The combinations of the different feature specifications of the consonants and vowels 24 Speech sounds in Maasina are listed in Appendix 1. Also included in the appendix are the consonants [q], [{3], [f], and [3]. The consonant [q] is in complementary distribution with [w] in Maasina. The bilabial fricative [{3] occurs in dialects spoken in Cameroon, i.e. in Aadamaawa and in the dialects of the Dageeja and the Ringimaaji. In Maasina, the palatal fricatives [f] and [3] only occur as the final parts of a palatal affricate. The voiceless palatal fricative [f] occurs in Gombe and Ringimaaji and corresponds in a regular manner to the affricate [c] in other dialects such as Maasina. 2.3 REPRESENTATION OF SEGMENTS WITH TEMPORAL STRUCTURE 2.3.1 VOWEL LENGTH A long vowel is represented as a bundle of features linked to two time slots. The following figure gives the autosegmental representation of a long vowel. X X V V Length is not considered as a feature of the vowel itself but it follows from the organization of the vowel features on the timing-tier over two time slots, thus indicating a longer realization in time. A long vowel can already be long in i:he underlying structure of the morpheme. Sometimes a long vowel is the result of a phonological derivation whereby the feature bundle of a certain vowel is linked to an adjacent time slot that has been delinked from its underlying content. r r r w a h r e The word waare 'beard' is derived from the morphemes *wah and *re that are stored in the lexicon with their underlying features and. time slots. At the surface, the consonant [h] cannot occur adjacent to another consonant and it cannot occur in syllable final position. When the consonant [h] is delinked because it occurs in syllable final position, the time slot of the consonant [h] will be linked to the preceding vowel . Thus the vowel [a] is lengthened because it fills the time slot underlyingly linked to [h] in the morpheme *wah. The representation of a long vowel as one bundle of autosegments linked to two time slots does not only describe the length of a vowel, it also gives insight into the genesis of the long vowels in such phonological derivations as demonstrated above. Vowel length is written as a sequence of two identical vowels in the orthographic representation of Fulfulde. Segments with temporal structure 25 2.3.2 LONG OR GEMINATE CONSONANTS A long or gerninate consonant is represented as a bundle of features linked to two time slots. The following figure shows the autosegmental representation of a long consonant. X X V C Consonants that have in their realization a closure in the oral or nasal or pharyngeal cavity can occur as long consonants. Length is realized phonetically by prolonging the time of the closure before the release of the (obstruent) consonant. Fricatives and approximants can occur as.gerninate consonants but such [+continuant] gerninates are rare in Fulfulde. The following table shows the consonants which can be long in Maasina. labial/labiovelar alveolar palatal velar/glottal voiceless stop pp tt cc kk voiced stop bb dd jj gg laryngealized stop 66 cfcf jj nasal stop mm nn Jl.Jl IJJJ prenasalized stop mmb nnd Jlnj IJng voiced lateral stop ll not frequent, rare: voiced trill IT glottal stop Tl voiced continuant WW yy The voiceless continuants [f], [s], and [h] do not occur as long consonants. The phonetic realization of the gerninate [rr] is a repeated articulation of the trill over a longer period of time, a realization that is slightly different from the other gerninates. The gerninate [rr] has a limited distribution. In the Fulfulde dialect of Fuuta Tooro, the trill [r] cannot occur as a gerninate consonant (Paradis 1986:218). In the dialects of Liptaako (Bidaud & Prost 1982:16), Kaceccereere (McIntosh 1984:12), and Gombe (Arnott 1970a:384) the long [rr] does occur but not very frequently.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Some Notes on Implosive Consonants in Nyangatom
    Studies in Ethiopian Languages, 5 (2016), 11-20 Some Notes on Implosive Consonants in Nyangatom Moges Yigezu (Addis Ababa University) [email protected] Abstract Nyangatom is a member of the Teso-Turkana cluster within the Eastern-Niltoic group of languages (Vossen 1982) and is spoken in Ethiopia, in the lower Omo valley, by approximately 25,000 speakers (CSA 2008). While there is a detailed description on the Turkana variety spoken in Kenya (Heine 1980, Dimmendaal 1983) there are few grammatical sketches on the Nyangatom variety (Dimmendaal (2007) and Kadanya & Schroder (2011)) spoken in Ethiopia. The status of implosives in the Teso-Turkana group in general and in Nyangatom in particular has not been investigated more clearly and different authors have reached different conclusions in the past. Heine (1980), for instance, recorded implosives as having a phonemic status in Turkana while Dimmendaal (1983) has described implosives in Turkana as variants of their voiced counterparts. In Nyangatom the grammatical sketches published so far have not identified implosive consonants as phonemes of the language. The current contribution gives a preliminary phonological analysis of implosives in Nyangatom with some comparative-historical notes and claim that implosives are full-fledged phonemes in Nyangatom and the opposition is between voiceless stops and implosives while the voiced stops are virtually absent from the phonological system. 1 Introduction Nyangatom belongs to the Teso- Turkana dialect cluster that consists of four major groups and spread over four East African countries, namely, the Nyangatom in Ethiopia, the Toposa in Southern Sudan, the Turkana in Kenya, and the Karamojong in North Eastern Uganda.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of the Consonant Endings of the Chaoshan Dialect: a Result of Language Contact and Horizontal Transmission
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses 5-8-2020 INVESTIGATION OF THE CONSONANT ENDINGS OF THE CHAOSHAN DIALECT: A RESULT OF LANGUAGE CONTACT AND HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION Jin Chen University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the Chinese Studies Commons, Comparative and Historical Linguistics Commons, and the Computational Linguistics Commons Recommended Citation Chen, Jin, "INVESTIGATION OF THE CONSONANT ENDINGS OF THE CHAOSHAN DIALECT: A RESULT OF LANGUAGE CONTACT AND HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION" (2020). Masters Theses. 903. https://doi.org/10.7275/17376168 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/903 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INVESTIGATION OF THE CONSONANT ENDINGS OF THE CHAOSHAN DIALECT: A RESULT OF LANGUAGE CONTACT AND HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION A Thesis Presented by JIN CHEN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS May 2020 Chinese © Copyright by Jin Chen 2020 All Rights Reserved INVESTIGATION OF THE CONSONANT ENDINGS OF THE CHAOSHAN DIALECT: A RESULT OF LANGUAGE CONTACT AND HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION
    [Show full text]
  • The Acquisition of Plosives and Implosives by a Fulfulde-Speaking Child Aged from 5 to 10
    ICPhS XVII Regular Session Hong Kong, 17-21 August 2011 THE ACQUISITION OF PLOSIVES AND IMPLOSIVES BY A FULFULDE-SPEAKING CHILD AGED1 FROM 5 TO 10;29 MONTHS Ibrahima Cissé, Didier Demolin & Nathalie Vallée Gipsa-lab, CNRS, Grenoble Université, France [email protected] ABSTRACT half an hour twice a month from the age of 5 months to 10 months 29 days in his family (in the This paper reports an analysis of the acquisition of village of Nokara). M was recorded interacting plosives and implosives by a Fulfulde monolingual with his mother during “normal” daily life child aged from 5 months to 10 months and 29 activities. M is growing up in a Fulfulde days. Analyses revealed that before 11 months the monolingual family and village. child was making use of complex consonant-like implosives and prenasal plosives. We provided 2.1.2. The adult data new aerodynamic analyses of adult‟s implosive /ɓ/. These aerodynamic data revealed that in Fulfulde The adult data on implosives are from I., a 28 this phoneme exhibits both voiced and voiceless years old male native speaker of Fulfulde from allophones. Nokara. A list of words containing implosives was recorded. Each word was recorded 3 times using Keywords: acquisition of plosives and implosives, an EVA2® portable workstation. This portable Fulfulde workstation provides simultaneously synchronized intra-oral pressure (Ps) measured in hPa and an 1. INTRODUCTION audio waveform of speech. The audio recording Research on child phonological acquisition focuses sampling was at 44100KHz. on several aspects of the emergence of speech production in children: prosody [7], segments [2], 2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Patois of Saintonge: Descriptive Analysis of an Idiolect and Assessment of Present State of Saintongeais
    70-13,996 CHIDAINE, John Gabriel, 1922- A PATOIS OF SAINTONGE: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF AN IDIOLECT AND ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT STATE OF SAINTONGEAIS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1969 Language and Literature, linguistics University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan •3 COPYRIGHT BY JOHN GABRIEL CHIDAINE 1970 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED A PATOIS OF SAINTONGE : DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF AN IDIOLECT AND ASSESSMENT OF PRESENT STATE OF SAINTONGEAIS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John Gabriel Chidaine, B.A., M.A. ****** The Ohio State University 1969 Approved by Depart w .. w PLEASE NOTE: Not original copy. Some pages have indistinct print. Filmed as received. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS PREFACE The number of studies which have been undertaken with regard to the southwestern dialects of the langue d'oi'l area is astonishingly small. Most deal with diachronic considerations. As for the dialect of Saintonge only a few articles are available. This whole area, which until a few generations ago contained a variety of apparently closely related patois or dialects— such as Aunisian, Saintongeais, and others in Lower Poitou— , is today for the most part devoid of them. All traces of a local speech have now’ disappeared from Aunis. And in Saintonge, patois speakers are very limited as to their number even in the most remote villages. The present study consists of three distinct and unequal phases: one pertaining to the discovering and gethering of an adequate sample of Saintongeais patois, as it is spoken today* another presenting a synchronic analysis of its most pertinent features; and, finally, one attempting to interpret the results of this analysis in the light of time and area dimensions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethiopian Language Area,Journal of Ethio Ian Studies, 8/2167-80
    DOCUMEUT RESUME FL 002 580 ED 056 566 46 AUTHOR Ferguson, Charles A. TITLE The Ethiopean LanguageArea. INSTITUTION Stanford Univ., Calif. SPONS AGENCY Institute of InternationalStudies (DHEW/OE) Washingtn, D.C. PUB DATE Jul 71 CONTRACT OEC-0-71-1018(823) NOTE 22p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS Amharic; Consonants;*Descriptive Linguistics; *Distinctive Features;Geographic Distribution; *Grammar; *LanguageClassification; Language Patterns; LanguageTypology7 Morphology(Languages); Phonemes; *Phonology;Pronunciation; Semitic Languages; Sumali;Structural Analysis; Syntax; Tables (Data); Verbs;Vowels IDENTIFIERS *Ethiopia ABSTRACT This paper constitutesthe fifth chapterof the forthcoming volume Languagein Ethiopia.ft In aneffort to better linguistic area, theauthor analyzes define the particular in the area have phonological and grammaticalfeatures that languages in common. A numberof features havebeen identified as characteristic of the area,and this chapterdiscusses eight phonological and eighteengrammatical characteristicswhich constitute significantitems within thelanguages under illustrate the distributionof these features consideration. Tables is included. among theparticular languages. Alist of references cm Cr. D 1-LtLet_121 ar_.ok 43./4 FL THE ETHIOPIAN LANGUAGEAREA Charles A. Ferguson HEW Contract No. OEC-0-71-1018(823) Institute of InternationalStudies U.S. Office of Education U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION & WcI PARE OFFICE In- EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FRO M TH E PERSONOR ORGANIZATION
    [Show full text]
  • Ettien Koffi's Note for Students of African Orthographies in Latin Script, This Is a Very Important Document. the Decisions C
    1 Ettien Koffi’s Note For students of African orthographies in Latin script, this is a very important document. The decisions contained in this document have influenced the orthography of African languages. I have seen this document quoted in several documents. However, this is the first time I have seen the document in its entirety. I’m happy to post it on my website. However, the entire document can also be found at: http://www.bisharat.net/Documents/poal30.htm INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES MEMORANDUM I Revised Edition PRACTICAL ORTHOGRAPHY OF AFRICAN LANGUAGES Published by the OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS for the INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES 22 CRAVEN STREET LONDON, W.C. 2 1930 PRACTICAL ORTHOGRAPHY OF AFRICAN LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION THE first edition of the Practical Orthography of African Languages, consisting of 3,500 copies (3,000 in English and 500 in German) has been sold out within two years. This fact proves that the problem of finding a practical and uniform method of writing African languages has aroused widespread interest, and that the efforts of the Institute towards the solution of the problem have met with considerable response. The second edition is being printed in English, French, and German. 2 Up to the present, the principles of orthography recommended by the Institute have been accepted for the following languages: Fante, Twi, Ga, Ewe on the Gold Coast; Efik, lbo, Yoruba, and partially for Hausa in Nigeria; for Mende, Temne, Soso, Konno, Limba in Sierra Leone; Shilluk, Nuer, Dinka, Bari, Latuko, Madi, and Zande in the Sudan; in Mashonaland it is proposed for a written language to be called Shona, based on the closely related dialects of Karanga, Zezuru, Ndau, Korekore, and Manyika.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Consonantal Dissimilation in English. Ernest Smith Clifton Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1940 A Study of Consonantal Dissimilation in English. Ernest Smith Clifton Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Clifton, Ernest Smith, "A Study of Consonantal Dissimilation in English." (1940). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7829. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7829 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MANUSCRIPT THESES Unpublished theses submitted for the master*s and doctor’s degrees and deposited in the Louisiana State University Library are available for inspection* Use of any thesis is limited by the rights of the author* Bibliographical references may be noted* but passages may not be copied unless the author has given permission* Credit must be given in subsequent written or published work* A library which borrows this thesis for use by its clientele is expected to make sure that the borrower is aware of the above res trietions * LOUISIANA STATF; UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 119-a 4 study of Dto&imXtotXon to Bogkloli I&moat $mlt& Clifton* &u a « a Dlsaert&fclon Preedited to t&© Graduate Faculty a t fcfca Loulalaxm &ta%® XMtoorotoy and Agricultural and Mooh&ntcal Collado to Partial FulJfiXlmmt of tha Ho qulraajanfcs for tfoo Degree of Doetor of PfcXXoaopiiy UMI Number: DP69207 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • John LIPSKI Deparrmenr of Romance Languages, Universiry of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
    Lingua 79 ( 1989) 49-71. North-Holland 49 lSI-VOICING IN ECUADORAN SPANISH: Patterns and Principles of Consonantal Modification John LIPSKI Deparrmenr of Romance Languages, Universiry of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Received December 1988; revised version April 1989 Highland Ecuadoran Spanish is unique among Spanish dialects in voicing word-linal prevocalic lsi: los otros [Ioz otrosJ 'the others'. This process has never received an adequate explanatjon within linear phonological models, despite attempts to relate it to 'close juncture'. In the present study, the claim is motivated that a t intermediate stages of derivation, Spanish word-final /s/ is followed by an unattached slot on the skeletal tier, as the phonological marker of Word Bo undary. This accounts for the frcquent si milarity of preconsonantal, prepausal and word-final prevocalic position with respect to several consonantal modifications in Spanish. Is/-voicing in Spanish is analyzed as originally stemming from preconsonantal voicing of /s/ at the postcyclic lexical level, at times counteracted by low-level processes of devoicing. Spanish dialects, in turn, are character­ ized by the Extension Principle, which states that phrase-final co nsonantal modifications will preferentially be ex tended to all word-final environments. The positive choice of this parameter in Ecuadoran Spanish results in prevocalic voicing of word-final lsi, as well as other word-fina l processes. 1. Introduction: lsI-voicing in Ecuadoran Spanish One of the major issues in contemporary Spanish phonology is accounting for the behavior and variation of syllable- and word-final consonants, whose manifestations provide the most consistent set of dialectal defining character­ istics.
    [Show full text]
  • English Phonology System
    ӨЗБЕКСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ ЖОҚАРЫ ҲӘМ ОРТА АРНАЎЛЫ БИЛИМ МИНИСТРЛИГИ БЕРДАҚ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАРАҚАЛПАҚ МӘМЛЕКЕТЛИК УНИВЕРСИТЕТИ Шет тиллери факультети Инглис тили ҳәм әдебияты кафедрасы Нурумбетова Г. А., Ешимбетова Г. Д., Даулетмуратова Х. ИНГЛИС ТИЛИ ФОНОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ СИСТЕМАСЫ Оқыў-методикалық қолланба Нөкис – 2019 Нурумбетова Г. А., Ешимбетова Г. Д., Даулетмуратова Х. «ИНГЛИС ТИЛИ ФОНОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ СИСТЕМАСЫ» пәниниң оқытыў методикалық қолланбасы – Нөкис: ҚМУ 2019 – 240 бет. Бул оқытыў методикалық қолланба «ИНГЛИС ТИЛИ ФОНОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ СИСТЕМАСЫ» болып «ИНГЛИС ТИЛИ ТЕОРИЯЛЫҚ ФОНЕТИКАСЫ» пәниниң екинши басқышы ҳәм даўамы болып есапланады ҳәмде Мәмлекетлик тәлим стандарты ҳәм үлги ис бағдарламасы тийкарында дүзилген ҳәмде, оқытыў тематикалық ис бағдарлама режесин, пәнниң оқытылыў технологиясын, шегаралық хәм жуўмақлаўшы вариантларын хәм тестлерин, семинар ҳәм өз бетинше жумыслар дизимин өз ишине алады. Қарақалпақ мәмлекетлик университети Илимий-методикалық Кеңеси баслығы, оқыў ислери бойынша проректор М. Ибрагимов. «Инглис тили фонологиялық системасы» пәниниң оқытыў методикалық қолланбасы «Шет тиллери» факультети Илимий-методикалық Кеңеси мәжилисинде додаланды, баспадан шығарыў ҳәм қолланыўға усыныс етилди. 2019 жыл «5» январь «1» санлы баянламасы. «Шет тиллери» факультет Илимий-методикалық Кеңеси баслығы п.и.к., доцент Дж. Курбанбаев «Инглис тили фонологиялық системасы» пәниниң оқытыў методикалық қолланбасы «Инглис тили ҳәм әдебияты» кафедрасы мәжилисинде додаланды, баспадан шығарыў ҳәм қолланыўға усыныс етиледи. 2018 жыл «25» декабрь «4» санлы баянламасы.
    [Show full text]
  • Contrast and Laryngeal States in Tz'utujil
    UCSC Linguistics Research Center Contrast and laryngeal states in Tz’utujil A preliminary investigation Ryan Bennett June 9, 2010 Abstract This paper investigates the phonetics and phonology of stop consonant allophony in the Mayan language Tz’utujil (Guatemala; ∼ 70,000 speakers). Tz’utujil, like Mayan languages more generally, contrasts plain voiceless stops with a glottalized stop se- ries. The allophonic realization of this laryngeal state contrast varies dramatically by context, with prevocalic stops showing starkly different phonetic characteristics than preconsonantal or word-final stops. This paper argues that these allophonic processes are rooted in contrast preservation: allophonic variation serves to enhance both place of articulation and laryngeal state contrasts, exactly in those positions where the phonetic cues to such contrasts are jeopardized. Acoustic evidence is adduced in support of this claim, and the stop system of Tz’utujil is modeled in Dispersion Theory (Flemming 1995, Padgett 2003, Flemming 2004). 1 Background Tz’utujil is a Quichean-branch Mayan language spoken in the highlands of Guatemala. Like Mayan languages more generally, Tz’utujil has a phonological contrast between plain and glottalized stops. Stop phonemes > > Plain stops /p t k q ts tS P/ > > Glottalized stops / p’ t’ k’ q’ ts’ tS’ / Figure 1: Underlying Tz’utujil stops (Dayley 1985) Dayley (1985) discusses a number of allophonic processes that apply to the system of stops in Tz’utujil. First, Dayley (1985:14) reports that plain stops are aspirated before consonants and word-finally. 93 UCSC Linguistics Research Center (1) /T/ → [ Th ] / { C, # } Otherwise — i.e., prevocalically — plain stops are realized as voiceless unaspirated.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Icphs MM
    Implosive and Prenasalized Consonant-like sounds in Babbling Ibrahima CISSE (ULSHB, Mali), Nathalie VALLEE (GIPSA-lab/CNRS), Maarten MOUS (Leiden University) [email protected] ABSTRACT prenasalized stops. The concept of basic, elaborated This paper reports an analysis of the production of and complex sounds is based on a scale proposed by implosive and prenasalized sounds by 6 children (3 [12]. Fulfulde and 3 Bambara) from the onset of babbling This paper is structured in the following way: First, to the end of their first year. It shows that the we will introduce the consonants’ systems of production of implosive consonant-like sounds by Fulfulde (Niger-Congo, Atlantic) and Bambara the children is very early on language-specific i.e (Niger-Congo, Mande) with a focus on the related to the presence of these consonants in the differences; second the methods used to collect and language the children are exposed to. Unlike the analyse the data will be explained, third the results implosive consonant-like production, the will be presented and finally we will discuss our prenasalized consonant-like sounds show no findings with regard to the literature on the issue. language-specific trend. Thus, in this cross-linguistic study on Fulfulde and Bambara children’s babbled 2. FULFULDE AND BAMBARA CONSONANTS utterances, the implosive sounds are markers of early specialization in consonants’ production by Fulfulde and Bambara share most of the consonants children exposed to these two languages. in their phonological systems. In fact, the two languages have in common the following 23 Keywords: Bambara, Fulfulde, Early specialization, consonants /p b t d c ɟ k ɡ mb nd ɲɟ ŋɡ m n ɲ ŋ f First Language Acquisition, Implosive, Prenasalized s h l r j w/.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexis Scharrer Thesis.Pdf (1.501Mb)
    An Investigation of the Effect of K’iche’ Glottalic Consonants on Spanish Consonant Production in K’iche’-Spanish Bilinguals Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in Spanish & Portuguese in the undergraduate colleges of the Ohio State University by Alexis Scharrer The Ohio State University December 2018 Project Advisor: Dr. Rebeka Campos-Astorkiza, Department of Spanish & Portuguese An Investigation of the Effect of K’iche’ Glottalic Consonants on Spanish Consonant Production in K’iche’-Spanish Bilinguals Alexis Scharrer 1. Introduction How does L1 phonology affect the phonology of L2? What factors influence the production of L2 speech sounds in bilinguals? What are the differences in speech sound productions among different types of bilinguals? Linguists have aimed to answer these questions through decades of investigations in bilingual speech production. Past research indicates that both age of acquisition of L2 and frequency of L2 use can influence the phonological acquisition and subsequent production of L2. In Guion’s 2003 study of Spanish-Kichwa bilinguals’ production of Kichwa and Spanish vowels, the author found that bilinguals who learned the two languages simultaneously had distinct vowels for both languages, while bilinguals who learned Kichwa at a later age produced Kichwa vowels less like Kichwa monolinguals, suggesting the successful acquisition of Kichwa vowels by bilinguals who acquired Kichwa at an early age. Kang & Guion (2012) performed a similar study, investigating the acquisition of English phonemes by native Korean speakers, and found the rate of native-like production increased with lower age of L2 acquisition. Flege et al. (2002) found that both age of acquisition of L2 and frequency of L2 use play a united role in the production of L2 speech sounds.
    [Show full text]