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The Phonology and Morphology of Verb Forms in Mubi

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The Phonology and Morphology of Verb Forms in Mubi THE PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF VERB FORMS IN MUBI by Davis Prickett Bachelor of Arts, Palm Beach Atlantic University, 2007 Master of Divinity, The Master’s Seminary, 2010 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota December 2012 Copyright 2012 Davis Prickett ii This thesis, submitted by Davis Prickett in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts from the University of North Dakota, has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. _____________________________________________________ James S. Roberts, Chair _____________________________________________________ John M. Clifton _____________________________________________________ Stephen A. Marlett This thesis meets the standards for appearance, conforms to the style and format requirements of the Graduate School of the University of North Dakota, and is hereby approved. _______________________________________________ Wayne Swisher Dean of the Graduate School _______________________________________________ Date iii PERMISSION Title The Phonology and Morphology of Verb Forms in Mubi Department Linguistics Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in his absence, by the chairperson of the department or the dean of the Graduate School. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Davis Prickett July 26, 2012 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF TABLES ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xii ABBREVIATIONS xiii ABSTRACT xiv CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Population, location, and cultural notes 1 1.2 Language names, classification, and genetic affiliation 5 1.3 Previous research and reason for study 7 1.4 Present research 9 1.5 Outline of topics covered 10 2. OVERVIEW OF THE PHONOLOGY 11 2.1 Consonants 11 2.1.1 Simple oral occlusives 12 2.1.2 Prenasalized occlusives 20 2.1.3 Fricatives 23 2.1.4 Nasals 24 2.1.5 Non-nasal sonorants 24 2.1.6 Lexical geminates 25 2.2 Vowels 26 2.3 Tone 29 v 2.4 Syllable structure 30 3. THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE PERFECTIVE AND IMPERFECTIVE VERB FORMS 34 3.1 Triconsonantal verbs 37 3.1.1 CaCaC verbs 37 3.1.2 CeCeC and CoCoC verbs 46 3.2 Diconsonantal Verbs 50 3.2.1 CaC verbs 50 3.2.2 CeC and CoC verbs 53 3.3 Monoconsonantal verbs 61 3.4 Other verbs 64 3.4.1 CVCV verbs 64 3.4.2 CVCCV verbs 65 3.4.3 CoCu verbs 65 3.5 Verb classes 66 3.6 Verb roots 69 4. VERB MORPHOLOGY BEYOND THE PERFECTIVE AND IMPERFECTIVE 74 4.1 Pluractional verbs 74 4.2 Imperative formation 79 4.2.1 Second person singular imperative 80 4.2.2 Second person plural imperative 83 4.2.3 First person plural imperative 86 4.3 Subject suffixes 88 4.4 Object suffixes 92 4.4.1 Object pronoun suffix /-e/ 92 4.4.2 Direct object suffixes 93 vi 4.4.3 Indirect object suffixes 95 4.5 Vowel assimilation in verb forms 96 4.5.1 Raising 97 4.5.2 Lowering and blocking 99 4.6 Other morphophonemic changes 105 4.6.1 Devoicing and vowel epenthesis 106 4.6.2 Nasal assimilation 108 4.6.3 Consonant epenthesis 109 4.6.4 Vowel deletion 109 4.6.5 Suffixes on labialized vowels 110 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 113 APPENDICES 117 REFERENCES 124 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure ......................................................................................................................... Page 1. Map of Chadic languages of the Guera région: East Chadic B (SIL) ..............................2 2. Classification of the Guera sub-branch.........................................................................6 viii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Phonemic consonant inventory ..................................................................................12 2. Labial occlusives.........................................................................................................13 3. Alveolar occlusives.....................................................................................................13 4. Palatal occlusives .......................................................................................................13 5. Velar occlusives..........................................................................................................13 6. Prenasalized occlusives ..............................................................................................21 7. Fricatives ....................................................................................................................23 8. Nasals .........................................................................................................................24 9. Liquids........................................................................................................................24 10. Glides .......................................................................................................................25 11. Phonemic vowel inventory.......................................................................................26 12. Distinctive feature chart...........................................................................................26 13. Distribution of phonemic vowels..............................................................................27 14. Phonemic tone..........................................................................................................30 15. Syllable structures in Mubi.......................................................................................31 16. Overview of verb forms............................................................................................36 17. Verb forms for CaCaC verbs .....................................................................................38 18. Verb forms for CeCeC verbs .....................................................................................46 19. Verb forms for CoCoC verbs .....................................................................................46 20. Verb forms for CaC verbs .........................................................................................50 21. Verb forms for CeC verbs .........................................................................................53 ix 22. Verb forms for CoC verbs .........................................................................................53 23. Vowel-initial verb roots............................................................................................60 24. Verb forms for C verbs .............................................................................................61 25. Verb forms for CVCV verbs ......................................................................................64 26. Verb forms for CVCCV verbs ....................................................................................65 27. Verb forms for CoCu verbs .......................................................................................66 28. Verb classes in Mubi.................................................................................................68 29. Verb root skeletal material.......................................................................................72 30. Examples of pluractional verbs ................................................................................75 31. Simple and pluractional verbs for Class I .................................................................78 32. Simple and pluractional verbs for Class II................................................................78 33. Geminated pluractional verb forms..........................................................................78 34. Overview of imperative forms..................................................................................80 35. Pronouns in Mubi.....................................................................................................89 36. Subject suffixes.........................................................................................................91 37. Direct object suffixes attached to the second person singular imperative................93 38. Direct object suffixes attached to perfective and imperfective verb forms...............94 39. Indirect object suffixes attached to the second person singular imperative .............95 40. Indirect object suffixes attached to the perfective and imperfective ........................95 41. Singular CaCaC verbs .............................................................................................118 42. Pluractional CaCaC verbs .......................................................................................119 43. CeCeC verbs............................................................................................................119 44. CoCoC verbs ...........................................................................................................120 45. Singular CaC verbs .................................................................................................121
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