DOCSLIB.ORG

“Hic Locus Est Felix, Sanctus, Piusque Benignus” the Cult of Mithras in Fourth Century Rome by Jonas Bjørnebye

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Hic Locus Est Felix, Sanctus, Piusque Benignus” the Cult of Mithras in Fourth Century Rome by Jonas Bjørnebye “Hic locus est felix, sanctus, piusque benignus” The cult of Mithras in fourth century Rome by Jonas Bjørnebye Dissertation for the degree of philosophiae doctor (PhD) Faculty of Arts University of Bergen, Norway 2007 Contents Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations viii Introduction: Re-imagining the cult of Mithras in fourth century Rome 1 Chapter 1. Structural evidence: Mithraea and other archaeological sources for Mithraism in fourth century Rome 8 1.1. Caves and Stones: the mithraea and their contents 9 1.1.1. The mithraea as buildings 13 1.1.2. Mithraic taphonomics 20 1.1.3. Mithraic numismatics 23 1.2. The Roman mithraea 25 1.2.1. The mithraeum of the Casa di Nummii Albini / Via XX Settembre 28 1.2.2. The mithraeum of the Castra Peregrinorum / S. Stefano Rotondo 29 1.2.3. The mithraeum of the Castra Praetoria 31 1.2.4. The mithraeum of the Crypta Balbi 32 1.2.5. The mithraeum of the Foro Boario 34 1.2.6. The mithraeum of the Foro di Nerva 36 1.2.7. The mithraeum of the Ospedale San Giovanni 37 1.2.8. The mithraeum of the Palazzo Barberini 38 1.2.9. The mithraeum of the Phrygianum on the Vatican Hill 39 1.2.10. The mithraeum of the Piazza San Silvestro 40 1.2.11. The mithraeum of San Clemente 41 1.2.12. The mithraeum of San Lorenzo in Damaso 42 1.2.13. The mithraeum of Santa Prisca 44 1.2.14. The mithraeum of the Terme di Caracalla 47 1.2.15. The mithraeum of the Terme di Tito 49 1.2.16. The mithraeum of the Via Giovanni Lanza 128 50 1.2.17. Main trends in the material 52 1.3. The mithraea of Ostia and central Italy 54 1.3.1. The mithraea of Ostia 55 1.3.2. The mithraea of Santa Maria Capua Vetere, Marino, and Ponza 55 1.4. Mithraic topography – Excavated Rome and its mithraea 59 1.5. Domus mithraea 67 1.6. Religious architecture and the role of mithraea in public and private space in the fourth century Christian city 71 1.7. Main themes of Mithraic structural evidence from fourth century Rome 82 Chapter 2. The Mithraic icon in fourth century Rome 85 2.1. Mithraic art in use in the fourth century 87 2.2. Mithraic art in the spatial context and architectural scheme of the mithraeum 93 2.2.1. Literary references to the images contained in the Mithraic cave 94 2.2.2. Spatial orientation and structural guidelines 98 2.3. The composition of the Mithraic cult icon 102 2.3.1. The “syntax” of the basic icon 103 2.3.2. Iconographical “syntax” and the icons of Rome 106 2.3.3. The “basic” and the “complex” icons in Rome 107 2.4. The correlation of icons and mithraea in fourth century Rome 111 2.4.1. The icon of the mithraeum of the Casa di Nummii Albini 112 2.4.2. The icon of the Castra Peregrinorum mithraeum 113 2.4.3. The icons of the Castra Praetoria, the Crypta Balbi, and the Foro Boario Mithraea 115 2.4.4. The icons of the mithraea of the Foro di Nerva and the Ospedale San Giovanni 117 2.4.5. The icons of the mithraeum of the Palazzo Barberini 117 2.4.6. The missing icons of the Phrygianum, and the mithraea of the Piazza San Silvestro and San Clemente 121 2.4.7. The icon of the Santa Prisca mithraeum 121 2.4.8. The icons of the mithraea of the Terme di Caracalla, the Terme di Tito, and the Via Giovanni Lanza 128 124 2.4.9. Lost icons and fragments 125 2.4.10. The icons of the fourth century Roman mithraea 126 2.5. The typologies of the icons from Rome 129 2.6. Viewing, experiencing, and interpreting the Mithraic icon in late antique Rome 137 2.6.1. Art in Rome in late antiquity 141 2.6.2. Art and meaning in the context of sacred space 144 2.6.3. Art, myth and narrative in the icon and in the mithraeum 153 2.7. Change and continuity 160 Chapter 3. The Mithraic communities in fourth century Rome 169 3.1. The epigraphical evidence for the Mithraic communities of fourth century Rome 170 3.2. The social location of fourth century Mithraism 180 3.3. Mithraic communities amongst the religions of Rome 190 3.4. Secrecy and the public-private divide 202 3.5. Familia structures and patronage 209 3.5.1. Brotherhood and hierarchy 210 3.5.2. Familia and domus 212 3.5.3. Fathers and sons 214 3.5.4. Leadership, patronage, and the senatorial elite 216 3.6. The cultores mithrae in fourth century Rome 219 Continuity, change, and the end of the Mithraic communities of Rome 221 Select Bibliography 227 Index of Ancient Authors 238 Acknowledgements Throughout the three years I have been working on this project, I have been fortunate to have been surrounded by interested and knowledgeable colleagues, both in Bergen and in Oslo. There are many who deserve my appreciation for their kind comments and wise suggestions, but first and foremost I wish to thank my advisor at the University of Bergen, Professor Einar Thomassen, who has kept me on the right course throughout, and who has always urged me towards greater stringency in my argumentation. This study is better for it. Secondly, I wish to thank Dr. Richard Gordon for his helpfulness and generosity. His sage advice and expert opinion on much of the material this study is based on has caused me to rethink and rework many of my ideas. My friends and colleagues at the University of Bergen, and in the PROAK research project, have provided a stimulating environment for discussion and learning, and each of them have in their own way contributed to this dissertation. I especially wish to thank Professors Ingvild S. Gilhus, Jostein Børtnes, Tor Hauken, Tomas Hägg, Lisbeth Mikaelsson, and Karstein Hopland, and my co-fellows Hugo Lundhaug, Liv Ingeborg Lied, Sissel Undheim, Aslak Rostad, Gina Dahl, Karl Johan Skeidsvoll, and Vebjørn Kirkesæther. The Faculty of Theology at the University of Oslo has kindly lent me an office space for the past three years, but it is the friendliness and high academic quality of my colleagues there which has left the greatest impression. I wish to thank all my friends and colleagues at the faculty, and especially Halvor Moxnes, Turid Karlsen Seim, David Hellholm, Marianne Bjelland Kartzow, Eivor Oftestad, Stig Frøyshov, Kirsten Marie Hartvigsen, Reidar Aasgaard, Vemund Blomkvist, and Rebecca Solevåg. Furthermore, special thanks must go to my old friend Hugo Lundhaug, who has also shared my office for the last three years, for all his helpful comments and suggestions throughout my work on this dissertation. Stig Oppedal and John Bjørnebye have lent me their keen perceptions and proofreading talents. Finally, I wish to thank my family for all their support and patience, and especially my wife, Camilla Cahill, who never lost her faith in me. My two little boys, Felix and Pio, were both born during my work on this study and, as a small token of appreciation from an absent-minded father, this finished dissertation is for them. Abbreviations ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung. Edited by H. Temporini and W. Haase. Berlin, 1972- BAC Bullettino di Archeologia Cristiana BAR British Archaeological Reports BCR Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Communale di Roma CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum CIMRM Corpus Inscriptionum et Monumentorum Religionis Mithriacae EJMS Electronic Journal of Mithraic Studies EPRO Études Préliminaires aux Religions Orientales dans l’Empire Romain JMS Journal of Mithraic Studies JRA Journal of Roman Archaeology JRS Journal of Roman Studies TMMM Textes et monuments figurés relatifs aux mystères de Mithra Introduction: Re-imagining the cult of Mithras in fourth century Rome Ce sont surtout les découvertes faites dans la capitale du monde romain qui ont été intéressantes pour la connaissance du culte de Mithra, et on peut en déduire que c’est à Rome même que le cœur de la religion mithriaque a battu le plus fort. Maarten J. Vermaseren1 “This is the place: auspicious, sacred, holy, and favorable”, is the first line of the poem celebrating the construction of a mithraeum in Rome by the third century Mithraic pater Proficientus.2 The poem highlights several important aspects of what we know of the cult of Mithras in Rome, but the focus of the first line is firmly on the importance of the sacred space of the mithraeum, and this nicely complements the three chapters of this study dealing with the mithraeum itself, as well as the icon and the Mithraic communities – both of which belonged inside of the sacred space of the mithraeum. Consequently, this study deals only with some aspects of the cult of Mithras in the Roman Empire, but the focus is even more restrained, as it is also confined to a certain time and a certain place. Specifically, its focus is on how Roman Mithraism appeared in the turbulent fourth century, in the period roughly from the establishment of the Tetrarchy in the last two decades of the third century, through the sweeping reforms of Constantine, and up to the religious legislation of Theodosius at the very end of the fourth century. In this period, the ascendance of Christianity as an officially sanctioned religious system with the gradual codification of its institutions and dogma, and the canonization of the Christian scripture, led to drastic changes in the socio- religious climate of the Empire.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Unique Nature of the London Mithraeum
    The Post Hole Issue 41 The Unique Nature of the London Mithraeum Chase Minos1 1 School of Classics, Swallowgate, Butts Wynd, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9AL. Email: [email protected] The mystery cult of Mithras was a religious phenomenon that was, for the most part, propagated through, and associated with, the Roman military. Many inscriptions and temples on the frontiers of Rome indicate that it extended from Britain to Dura Europos, and from the Rhine to the Nile over three centuries (Clauss 2000, 16). The Temple of Mithras in the Walbrook stream valley was perhaps the largest and most significant Mithraeum found in Britain, despite being an accidental discovery (Shepherd 1998, 13). Peculiarly, this Mithraeum’s location and size suggest that the nature of the cult might not have been as firmly connected with the Roman army as once thought. Mithraism was affected and influenced by local practices, gods and social changes within the Roman Empire, as will be made clear in some of the iconography discussed below (Clauss 2000, 16). Figure 1. Distribution of Inscriptions, Altars and Mithraea in Britain, Pannonia Superior, Germania and Dacia. Vermaseren, M.J. 1956, 449. Four legions were originally stationed in Britain but, after the first century this was reduced to three. During the next three centuries they gradually decreased in size (Mattingly 2006, 130-131). Initially they were the II Augusta, XIV Gemina (Martia Victrix post 61CE), the XX Augusta (Valeria Victrix post 61 CE) from Lower Germany, and the IX Hispana from Pannonia; six legions in total www.theposthole.org 34 The Post Hole Issue 41 are attested to have served in Britain including the II Adiutrix and VI Victrix (Daniels 1975, 249).
    [Show full text]
  • Liturgy, Space, and Community in the Basilica Julii (Santa Maria in Trastevere)
    DALE KINNEY Liturgy, Space, and Community in the Basilica Julii (Santa Maria in Trastevere) Abstract The Basilica Julii (also known as titulus Callisti and later as Santa Maria in Trastevere) provides a case study of the physical and social conditions in which early Christian liturgies ‘rewired’ their participants. This paper demon- strates that liturgical transformation was a two-way process, in which liturgy was the object as well as the agent of change. Three essential factors – the liturgy of the Eucharist, the space of the early Christian basilica, and the local Christian community – are described as they existed in Rome from the fourth through the ninth centuries. The essay then takes up the specific case of the Basilica Julii, showing how these three factors interacted in the con- crete conditions of a particular titular church. The basilica’s early Christian liturgical layout endured until the ninth century, when it was reconfigured by Pope Gregory IV (827-844) to bring the liturgical sub-spaces up-to- date. In Pope Gregory’s remodeling the original non-hierarchical layout was replaced by one in which celebrants were elevated above the congregation, women were segregated from men, and higher-ranking lay people were accorded places of honor distinct from those of lesser stature. These alterations brought the Basilica Julii in line with the requirements of the ninth-century papal stational liturgy. The stational liturgy was hierarchically orga- nized from the beginning, but distinctions became sharper in the course of the early Middle Ages in accordance with the expansion of papal authority and changes in lay society.
    [Show full text]
  • GREAT SAINTS and SACRED SITES December 26, 2021 - January 6, 2022
    Join Fr. Ray Schmidt and St. John ’ s Summer Program pilgrimage to CHRISTMAS PILGRIMAGE TO ITALY'S GREAT SAINTS AND SACRED SITES December 26, 2021 - January 6, 2022 $3,169 per person from Washington D.C. (IAD) (based on double occupancy) With Spiritual Director: Fr. Ray Schmidt For more information or to register visit: www.pilgrimages.com/francisregis Basilica of Our Lady Help of Christians St. Peter’s Square SAMPLE DAY BY DAY ITINERARY Day 1 | Sat, Dec 26: Depart Dulles Chaplet before heading to the NAC for a Holy Hour, International Airport Confessions and fireworks. Late morning pilgrim Mass at St. John's, then travel to Dulles by charter bus. Fly overnight with meals Day 7 | Fri, Jan 01: Rome - Nettuno - Monte served on board. Cassino - Mugnano del Cardinale - Pompei Depart Rome by 7:30am. Bus to Maria Goretti in Day 2 | Sun, Dec 27: Milan - Turin - Milan Nettuno and then bus to Monte Cassino to visit Ben- Arrive in Milan. Visit the grave of St. Gianna Barret- edict and Scolastica, then to Mugnano del Cardinale ta Mola at the Cemetery of Mesero (based upon ear- to see St. Philomena, then to Pompei to the Madon- ly morning arrival) and then bus to Turin and see na del Rosario Sanctuary and Bl. Bartolo Longo. Frassati, Bosco, Savio. Mass at the Basilica of Our Lady Help of Christians in Turin. Bus back to Milan Day 8 | Sat, Jan 02: Pompei - Pagnani - Saler- for dinner. no - Materdomini - San Giovanni Rotondo Begin the day with St. Alphonsus Liguori in Pagnani Day 3 | Mon, Dec 28: Milan - Pavia - Bologna and then travel to see St.
    [Show full text]
  • Il Legionario 51 La Guarnigione Di Roma
    IL LEGIONARIO COMMENTARIVS DEL SOLDATO ROMANO NOTIZIARIO DELL’ASSOCIAZIONE ANNO VI N.51 – GENNAIO 2019 - Testo e struttura a cura di TETRVS LA GUARNIGIONE DI ROMA Guardia Pretoriana -Arco di Trionfo di Tiberio Claudio - Roma - Museo del Louvre PREMESSA La guarnigione di Roma è stata la forza militare di stanza a Roma a partire dal principato di Ottaviano Augusto (imperatore dal 27 a. C. al 14 d. C.). La sua formazione è stata progressiva, dapprima con l’istituzione formale del corpo dei pretoriani, poi di quello degli urbaniciani (nati da una costola delle coorti pretorie), quindi dei Vigiles e successivamente dell’unità denominata “Equites Singulares Augusti”; in sostanza diverse forze per compiti specifici. Come “guarnigione” (termine moderno usato per definire questo insieme di unità) la loro storia dura circa tre secoli e mezzo, terminando apparentemente nel 312 quando Costantino sciolse sia il corpo dei pretoriani sia quello degli “Equites”. COORTI PRETORIE Le coorti pretorie nascono tra il 26 o il 37 a.C. quando Ottaviano – appena salito al trono imperiale – formalizza delle precedenti uniti che avevano la funzione di guardie personali di comandati, pretori (da cui assumono la denominazione, essendo la forza militare che accompagnavano nelle campagne questi magistrati, durante la Repubblica) e altre cariche di rango. Inizialmente vengono istituite 12 coorti pretorie (di circa 500 uomini) sotto il comando di un prefetto del pretorio (diventeranno due a partire dal 2. a.C.); intorno al 13 a.C. il numero delle coorti sarà ridotto a 9. Questa riduzione risponde a due fattori: 1) Mantenere il numero di coorti al di sotto di quello (10) che avrebbe composto una legione (in quanto una vecchia legge vietava la presenza di legioni dentro le mura di Roma); 2) Creare in contemporanea il corpo delle Coorti Urbane, al servizio del Senato e sotto il controllo del prefetto dell’Urbe), un’operazione dal sapore strategico volta a bilanciare un eventuale ( e di fatto poi dimostratosi concreto) strapotere delle coorti pretorie.
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Manuscripts
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-83682-1 — Rome and the Invention of the Papacy Rosamond McKitterick Index More Information INDEX OF MANUSCRIPTS Albi, Médiathèque Pierre-Amalric (olim VLQ 60 40, 70, 102, 181 n. 34, Bibliothèque municipale) 184 n. 42, 190, 207 n. 106, MS 2 155 n. 90 219–20 Arras, Bibliothèque municipale London, British Library MS 672 (641) 155 n. 89 Cotton Titus C.XV 175, 177 Cotton Nero D.IV 142 n. 44 Berlin, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek Royal I.B.VII 142 n. 44 Phillipps 1743 156 n. 91 Lucca, Biblioteca Capitolare Feliniana Bern, Burgerbibliothek Cod. 490 178–9, 182, 184 n. 42, 188, Cod. 225 199 190–2, 195, 207 n. 106 Cod. 233 199 Cod. 408 182–3 Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana Brussels, Bibliothèque royale C.105inf. 188 n. 54 MS 8380-9012 184 n. 42, 217 n. 145 E.147sup. 188 n. 54 MS 14814 68 M.77sup. 182 n. 39, 184 n. 42 Modena, Biblioteca Capitolare Cambrai, Bibliothèque municipale O.I.12 186–7, 188, 189 MS 164 215 n. 140 Monte Cassino, Archivio dell’Abbazia Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS 269 194 n. 67 MS 286 176 Monza, Cattedrale S. Giovanni Battista Cologne, Dombibliothek Sacrista Tesoro Cod. 164 184 n. 42, 217 n. 145 s.n. 177 Cod. 212 153, 155 Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 6243 (Collectio Frisingensis) 156 Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibliothek Clm 6385 203 Cod. 326 60 Clm 14387 202–3 Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana Naples, Biblioteca Nazionale San Marco 604 193–4, 195 IV.A.8 9 n. 32, 185–6 Fulda, Hessische Landesbibliothek Lat.
    [Show full text]
  • Pagan-City-And-Christian-Capital-Rome-In-The-Fourth-Century-2000.Pdf
    OXFORDCLASSICALMONOGRAPHS Published under the supervision of a Committee of the Faculty of Literae Humaniores in the University of Oxford The aim of the Oxford Classical Monographs series (which replaces the Oxford Classical and Philosophical Monographs) is to publish books based on the best theses on Greek and Latin literature, ancient history, and ancient philosophy examined by the Faculty Board of Literae Humaniores. Pagan City and Christian Capital Rome in the Fourth Century JOHNR.CURRAN CLARENDON PRESS ´ OXFORD 2000 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's aim of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Bombay Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris SaÄo Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # John Curran 2000 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same conditions on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data applied for Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Curran, John R.
    [Show full text]
  • 9781107013995 Index.Pdf
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01399-5 — Rome Rabun Taylor , Katherine Rinne , Spiro Kostof Index More Information INDEX abitato , 209 , 253 , 255 , 264 , 273 , 281 , 286 , 288 , cura(tor) aquarum (et Miniciae) , water 290 , 319 commission later merged with administration, ancient. See also Agrippa ; grain distribution authority, 40 , archives ; banishment and 47 , 97 , 113 , 115 , 116 – 17 , 124 . sequestration ; libraries ; maps ; See also Frontinus, Sextus Julius ; regions ( regiones ) ; taxes, tarif s, water supply ; aqueducts; etc. customs, and fees ; warehouses ; cura(tor) operum maximorum (commission of wharves monumental works), 162 Augustan reorganization of, 40 – 41 , cura(tor) riparum et alvei Tiberis (commission 47 – 48 of the Tiber), 51 censuses and public surveys, 19 , 24 , 82 , cura(tor) viarum (roads commission), 48 114 – 17 , 122 , 125 magistrates of the vici ( vicomagistri ), 48 , 91 codes, laws, and restrictions, 27 , 29 , 47 , Praetorian Prefect and Guard, 60 , 96 , 99 , 63 – 65 , 114 , 162 101 , 115 , 116 , 135 , 139 , 154 . See also against permanent theaters, 57 – 58 Castra Praetoria of burial, 37 , 117 – 20 , 128 , 154 , 187 urban prefect and prefecture, 76 , 116 , 124 , districts and boundaries, 41 , 45 , 49 , 135 , 139 , 163 , 166 , 171 67 – 69 , 116 , 128 . See also vigiles (i re brigade), 66 , 85 , 96 , 116 , pomerium ; regions ( regiones ) ; vici ; 122 , 124 Aurelian Wall ; Leonine Wall ; police and policing, 5 , 100 , 114 – 16 , 122 , wharves 144 , 171 grain, l our, or bread procurement and Severan reorganization of, 96 – 98 distribution, 27 , 89 , 96 – 100 , staf and minor oi cials, 48 , 91 , 116 , 126 , 175 , 215 102 , 115 , 117 , 124 , 166 , 171 , 177 , zones and zoning, 6 , 38 , 84 , 85 , 126 , 127 182 , 184 – 85 administration, medieval frumentationes , 46 , 97 charitable institutions, 158 , 169 , 179 – 87 , 191 , headquarters of administrative oi ces, 81 , 85 , 201 , 299 114 – 17 , 214 Church.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Art Treasures from the Temple of Mithras
    Front cover: Head of Mithras Back cover: Temple of Mithras. Visitors watching excavations in progress, 1954 Full details of membership and other publications can be obtained from the Honorary Secretary, London & Middlesex Archaeological Society, c/o Museum of London, 150 London Wall, London EC2Y SHN, or 3 Cedar Drive, Hatch End, Pinner, Middlesex HAS 4DD. The Roman Art Treasures from the Temple of Mithras THE ROMAN ART TREASURES FROM THE TEMPLE OF MITHRAS By j.M.C. Toynbee SPECIAL PAPER No.7 LONDON AND MIDDLESEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1986 The Society is grateful to the Historic Buildings & Monuments Commission for England and the Museum ofLondon for grants towards the cost ofthe publication ofthis report. ISBN 0 903290 31 6 1~~~E51 Printed in Great Britain by IX"U Page Bros (Norwich) Ltd CONTENTS Page Preface IV Introduction: the Archaeological Background, by \\". F. Grimes I List of Abbreviations 4 PART I Catalogue Second-century icorks in imported marble (Xos. 1-9) I. Head of ~lithras 5 2. Head of Minerva 10 3. Head of Serapis 13 4. Xlercurv group.............................................................................................................................. 18 S. Colossal hand of Mithras Tauroctonos 21 6. Small torso of Bacchus from narthex area 23 7. Small torso of Bacchus reused as building-stone........ 24 8. \Yater deitv................................................................................................................................... 25 9. Genius 27 Third-century u.ork in imported marble (:\"0. 10) 10. Relief of Mithras Tauroctonos 29 Third-century icorks in British stone (Xos, 11-13) 11. Left hand and forearm of Mithras Tauroctonos 31 12. Relief of Cautopates 32 13. Relief of Dioscurus 34 Thirdt:')-century works in importedmarble (:\"os.
    [Show full text]
  • Peaceful Pluralism; the Durene Mithraeum, Synagogue, and Christian Building," Journal Vol: Journal Issue: Journal Year: 2011 Article Pages: 189-199
    r 10/29/2014 LionMail Mail - ILL RequestTN 538887 uoN f\A A I L Abigail E. Reiss <[email protected]> ',"c:() L U tv\ B I;\ ILL Request TN 538887 1 message Columbia University Libraries ILL/Lending <ill- Wed, Oct 29, 2014 at 11:37 [email protected]> AM To: [email protected] Columbia University ILL Request for Copy Borrowing Library: RBN TN #: 538887 ILL #: 134510316 Lending String: *ZCU,PUL,COO,PAU,BXM,AUM,T JC,WEL,IQU,MBB,SNN,SNN Aging Date: 20141028 Call Number: DS99.D8 D87 2011g Location: Avery Notes: Journal Title: Dura-Europos ; crossroads of antiquity / Pub: Chestnut Hill, Mass. ; McMullen Museum 0 Article Author: Patricia Deleeuw Article Title: A Peaceful Pluralism; The Durene Mithraeum, Synagogue, and Christian Building," Journal Vol: Journal Issue: Journal Year: 2011 Article Pages: 189-199 ***ARTICLE OR CANCELLATION NOTICE MUST BE RECEIVED IN ILL (307 BUTLER) WITHIN TWO BUSINESS DAYS. THANKS FOR YOUR COOPERATION.**** Please contact 212-854-3542 or email [email protected] with any questions. Columbia University Interlibrary Loan 307 Butler Library 535 W. 114th Street New York, NY 10027 https://mail.google.com/mail/ulOl?ui=2&ik=c8034d1164&vi ew= pt&search= inbox&th= 1495cdSdb48f4b5f&si m I= 1495cdSdb48f4b5f 1/1 ~~~Lc- D> ~3 "D~~ D~1 dD\\) This publication is issued in conjunction with the exhibition Dura-Europos: Crossroads of Antiquity, org, niz d by the YaleUniversity Art ellery and the McMullen Museum ofArt, Boston College. McMullen Museum of Art, Boston College February 5-June 5, 2011 Organized by the Yale University Art Gallery and the McMullen Museum of Art, Bast n 011 g , Dura-Europo: rotsro d of A"liquity ha been curated by Lisa R.
    [Show full text]
  • The Monumental Villa at Palazzi Di Casignana and the Roman Elite in Calabria (Italy) During the Fourth Century AD
    The Monumental Villa at Palazzi di Casignana and the Roman Elite in Calabria (Italy) during the Fourth Century AD. by Maria Gabriella Bruni A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classical Archaeology in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Committee in Charge Professor Christopher H. Hallett, Chair Professor Ronald S. Stroud Professor Anthony W. Bulloch Professor Carlos F. Noreña Fall 2009 The Monumental Villa at Palazzi di Casignana and the Roman Elite in Calabria (Italy) during the Fourth Century AD. Copyright 2009 Maria Gabriella Bruni Dedication To my parents, Ken and my children. i AKNOWLEDGMENTS I am extremely grateful to my advisor Professor Christopher H. Hallett and to the other members of my dissertation committee. Their excellent guidance and encouragement during the major developments of this dissertation, and the whole course of my graduate studies, were crucial and precious. I am also thankful to the Superintendence of the Archaeological Treasures of Reggio Calabria for granting me access to the site of the Villa at Palazzi di Casignana and its archaeological archives. A heartfelt thank you to the Superintendent of Locri Claudio Sabbione and to Eleonora Grillo who have introduced me to the villa and guided me through its marvelous structures. Lastly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my husband Ken, my sister Sonia, Michael Maldonado, my children, my family and friends. Their love and support were essential during my graduate
    [Show full text]
  • SOMMARIO L. Le Storie Di San Pietro E San Paolo Nell'oratorio Di Giovanni VII in San Pietro in Vaticano, K. Quezjo 2. Il Perduto
    SOMMARIO INTRODUZIONE 13 ScHEDE l. Le Storie di san Pietro e san Paolo nell'oratorio di Giovanni VII in San Pietro in Vaticano, K. Quezjo 51 2. Il perduto medaglione Paparoni nel pavimento di Santa Maria Maggiore, K. Queijo 54 3. Gli affreschi staccati dall'abside di San Basilio ai Pantani. L'Ascensione, I. Quadri e K. Queijo 56 4. L'affresco con la Vergine, il Bambino e santi in San Bartolomeo all'Isola, I. Quadri 59 5. Il mosaico absidale di San Pietro in Vaticano, K. Queijo 62 6. La Leggenda di Ansedonia sull'Arco di Carlomagno all'abbazia delle T re Fontane, I. Quadri 67 7. Il mosaico con la Virgo lactam e le vergini sagge e folli sulla facciata di Santa Maria in T rastevere, K. Queijo 72 7a. Prima fase: gruppo centrale e vergini S2, Sl, D l e D2 73 7b. Seconda fase: vergini D3 e D4 75 8. Il mosaico absidale di San Paolo fuori le mura, K. Queijo 77 9. L'icona musiva con la Vergine e il Bambino in San Paolo fuori le Mura, K. Queijo 88 10. Il mosaico dell'ingresso monumentale di San Tommaso in Formis, K. Quezjo 90 11. Il fregio a mosaico sull'architrave del portico di San Lorenzo fuori le mura, K. Quezjo 92 12. La decorazione a finti mattoni nel portico di San Lorenzo fuori le mura, K. Quezjo 94 13. La perduta Croa/issione con Onorio III e Iacobus penitentiarius al Laterano (?), K. Queijo 95 14. Il volto duecentesco dell'icona di Santa Maria Nova, K.
    [Show full text]
  • View / Open Whitford Kelly Anne Ma2011fa.Pdf
    PRESENT IN THE PERFORMANCE: STEFANO MADERNO’S SANTA CECILIA AND THE FRAME OF THE JUBILEE OF 1600 by KELLY ANNE WHITFORD A THESIS Presented to the Department of Art History and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts December 2011 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Kelly Anne Whitford Title: Present in the Performance: Stefano Maderno’s Santa Cecilia and the Frame of the Jubilee of 1600 This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Department of Art History by: Dr. James Harper Chairperson Dr. Nicola Camerlenghi Member Dr. Jessica Maier Member and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research & Innovation/Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded December 2011 ii © 2011 Kelly Anne Whitford iii THESIS ABSTRACT Kelly Anne Whitford Master of Arts Department of Art History December 2011 Title: Present in the Performance: Stefano Maderno’s Santa Cecilia and the Frame of the Jubilee of 1600 In 1599, in commemoration of the remarkable discovery of the incorrupt remains of the early Christian martyr St. Cecilia, Cardinal Paolo Emilio Sfondrato commissioned Stefano Maderno to create a memorial sculpture which dramatically departed from earlier and contemporary monuments. While previous scholars have considered the influence of the historical setting on the conception of Maderno’s Santa Cecilia, none have studied how this historical moment affected the beholder of the work. In 1600, the Church’s Holy Year of Jubilee drew hundreds of thousands of pilgrims to Rome to take part in Church rites and rituals.
    [Show full text]