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The Macella of Rome Introduction After All These Things Which Pertain
Author Susan Walker Author Status Full time PhD, University of Newcastle upon Tyne Nature of Paper Journal Article Journal Edition The School of Historical Studies Postgraduate Forum e-Journal , Edition Three , 2004 The Macella of Rome Introduction After all these things which pertain to human sustenance had been brought into one place, and the place had been built upon, it was called a Macellum. 1 So wrote Varro. It seems that almost every city and town with any pretensions to importance within the Roman Empire had, as part of its suite of civic amenities, a macellum. This building normally sat alongside the forum and basilica, providing a place in which a market could be held. Why then did Rome, the foremost and most populous city of the Empire, have only one, or very possibly two, at any one time? Why did it not form one of the sides to the Forum in Rome as it did in other cities? Was the macellum intended to provide the only market place for the entire population of Rome? These questions highlight the problems about the role of the macellum within the market and retail structure of the City of Rome. Macella Before discussing the problems raised by the macella in Rome it may be beneficial to give an overview of their development and to describe the buildings themselves. In her book, called Macellum, Claire De Ruyt 2outlines the problems and arguments related to the origins of the word and the form the buildings took. One part of the debate is to the origin of the word macellum itself, Greek, Latin or even Semitic beginnings have been advanced. -
Waters of Rome Journal
TIBER RIVER BRIDGES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANCIENT CITY OF ROME Rabun Taylor [email protected] Introduction arly Rome is usually interpreted as a little ring of hilltop urban area, but also the everyday and long-term movements of E strongholds surrounding the valley that is today the Forum. populations. Much of the subsequent commentary is founded But Rome has also been, from the very beginnings, a riverside upon published research, both by myself and by others.2 community. No one doubts that the Tiber River introduced a Functionally, the bridges in Rome over the Tiber were commercial and strategic dimension to life in Rome: towns on of four types. A very few — perhaps only one permanent bridge navigable rivers, especially if they are near the river’s mouth, — were private or quasi-private, and served the purposes of enjoy obvious advantages. But access to and control of river their owners as well as the public. ThePons Agrippae, discussed traffic is only one aspect of riparian power and responsibility. below, may fall into this category; we are even told of a case in This was not just a river town; it presided over the junction of the late Republic in which a special bridge was built across the a river and a highway. Adding to its importance is the fact that Tiber in order to provide access to the Transtiberine tomb of the river was a political and military boundary between Etruria the deceased during the funeral.3 The second type (Pons Fabri- and Latium, two cultural domains, which in early times were cius, Pons Cestius, Pons Neronianus, Pons Aelius, Pons Aure- often at war. -
Il Legionario 51 La Guarnigione Di Roma
IL LEGIONARIO COMMENTARIVS DEL SOLDATO ROMANO NOTIZIARIO DELL’ASSOCIAZIONE ANNO VI N.51 – GENNAIO 2019 - Testo e struttura a cura di TETRVS LA GUARNIGIONE DI ROMA Guardia Pretoriana -Arco di Trionfo di Tiberio Claudio - Roma - Museo del Louvre PREMESSA La guarnigione di Roma è stata la forza militare di stanza a Roma a partire dal principato di Ottaviano Augusto (imperatore dal 27 a. C. al 14 d. C.). La sua formazione è stata progressiva, dapprima con l’istituzione formale del corpo dei pretoriani, poi di quello degli urbaniciani (nati da una costola delle coorti pretorie), quindi dei Vigiles e successivamente dell’unità denominata “Equites Singulares Augusti”; in sostanza diverse forze per compiti specifici. Come “guarnigione” (termine moderno usato per definire questo insieme di unità) la loro storia dura circa tre secoli e mezzo, terminando apparentemente nel 312 quando Costantino sciolse sia il corpo dei pretoriani sia quello degli “Equites”. COORTI PRETORIE Le coorti pretorie nascono tra il 26 o il 37 a.C. quando Ottaviano – appena salito al trono imperiale – formalizza delle precedenti uniti che avevano la funzione di guardie personali di comandati, pretori (da cui assumono la denominazione, essendo la forza militare che accompagnavano nelle campagne questi magistrati, durante la Repubblica) e altre cariche di rango. Inizialmente vengono istituite 12 coorti pretorie (di circa 500 uomini) sotto il comando di un prefetto del pretorio (diventeranno due a partire dal 2. a.C.); intorno al 13 a.C. il numero delle coorti sarà ridotto a 9. Questa riduzione risponde a due fattori: 1) Mantenere il numero di coorti al di sotto di quello (10) che avrebbe composto una legione (in quanto una vecchia legge vietava la presenza di legioni dentro le mura di Roma); 2) Creare in contemporanea il corpo delle Coorti Urbane, al servizio del Senato e sotto il controllo del prefetto dell’Urbe), un’operazione dal sapore strategico volta a bilanciare un eventuale ( e di fatto poi dimostratosi concreto) strapotere delle coorti pretorie. -
Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N
Map 44 Latium-Campania Compiled by N. Purcell, 1997 Introduction The landscape of central Italy has not been intrinsically stable. The steep slopes of the mountains have been deforested–several times in many cases–with consequent erosion; frane or avalanches remove large tracts of regolith, and doubly obliterate the archaeological record. In the valley-bottoms active streams have deposited and eroded successive layers of fill, sealing and destroying the evidence of settlement in many relatively favored niches. The more extensive lowlands have also seen substantial depositions of alluvial and colluvial material; the coasts have been exposed to erosion, aggradation and occasional tectonic deformation, or–spectacularly in the Bay of Naples– alternating collapse and re-elevation (“bradyseism”) at a staggeringly rapid pace. Earthquakes everywhere have accelerated the rate of change; vulcanicity in Campania has several times transformed substantial tracts of landscape beyond recognition–and reconstruction (thus no attempt is made here to re-create the contours of any of the sometimes very different forerunners of today’s Mt. Vesuvius). To this instability must be added the effect of intensive and continuous intervention by humanity. Episodes of depopulation in the Italian peninsula have arguably been neither prolonged nor pronounced within the timespan of the map and beyond. Even so, over the centuries the settlement pattern has been more than usually mutable, which has tended to obscure or damage the archaeological record. More archaeological evidence has emerged as modern urbanization spreads; but even more has been destroyed. What is available to the historical cartographer varies in quality from area to area in surprising ways. -
Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Bernard, Seth G., "Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C." (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 492. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/492 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Men at Work: Public Construction, Labor, and Society at Middle Republican Rome, 390-168 B.C. Abstract MEN AT WORK: PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION, LABOR, AND SOCIETY AT MID-REPUBLICAN ROME, 390-168 B.C. Seth G. Bernard C. Brian Rose, Supervisor of Dissertation This dissertation investigates how Rome organized and paid for the considerable amount of labor that went into the physical transformation of the Middle Republican city. In particular, it considers the role played by the cost of public construction in the socioeconomic history of the period, here defined as 390 to 168 B.C. During the Middle Republic period, Rome expanded its dominion first over Italy and then over the Mediterranean. As it developed into the political and economic capital of its world, the city itself went through transformative change, recognizable in a great deal of new public infrastructure. -
Pagan-City-And-Christian-Capital-Rome-In-The-Fourth-Century-2000.Pdf
OXFORDCLASSICALMONOGRAPHS Published under the supervision of a Committee of the Faculty of Literae Humaniores in the University of Oxford The aim of the Oxford Classical Monographs series (which replaces the Oxford Classical and Philosophical Monographs) is to publish books based on the best theses on Greek and Latin literature, ancient history, and ancient philosophy examined by the Faculty Board of Literae Humaniores. Pagan City and Christian Capital Rome in the Fourth Century JOHNR.CURRAN CLARENDON PRESS ´ OXFORD 2000 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's aim of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Bombay Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris SaÄo Paulo Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw with associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # John Curran 2000 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organizations. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same conditions on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data applied for Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Curran, John R. -
Genitor Urbis Ad Usum Fabricae Il Trasporto Fluviale Dei Materiali Per L’Edilizia Nella Roma Del Cinquecento
«Roma moderna e contemporanea», XVII, 2009, 1-2, pp. 143-166 ©2009 Università Roma Tre-CROMA GENITOR URBIS AD USUM FABRICAE IL TRASPORTO FLUVIALE DEI MATERIALI PER L’EDILIZIA NELLA ROMA DEL CINQUECENTO Il motu proprio di papa Paolo III Farnese (1534-1549), intitolato Inter alias mul- tiplices curas e promulgato il 15 agosto 1539, nel fare riferimento alle necessità della nuova Basilica del Principe degli Apostoli in Roma, esplicita l’intenzione del ponte- fice di proseguire «et usque ad finem perducere» la costruzione del prestigioso edifi- cio1. Il cantiere del nuovo San Pietro, avviato da Giulio II della Rovere (1503-1513) all’inizio del secolo e proseguito dai suoi successori Leone X de’ Medici (1513-1521), Adriano VI Florensz (1522-1523) e Clemente VII de’ Medici (1523-1534), i quali «variis obstantibus impedimentis perficere non potuerunt», al tempo di Paolo III entra in una fase decisiva2. Per agevolare le complesse operazioni di approvvigio- namento di travertino, scaglia, calce e legna da lavoro necessarie alla costruzione, papa Farnese e i deputati della Fabbrica ritengono fondamentale l’assegnazione del fiume Aniene, alias Teverone, «ad commodum et utilitatem Fabricae […] inchoandi a Ponte Lucano [...] usque ad illius faucem et illius introitum in Tyberim»3. Con tale disposizione la Congregazione petriana guadagna ampi diritti sul fiume interessato dal trasporto di materiale per l’edilizia, vale dire quello corrispondente al tratto finale del suo corso, assicurandosi anche una sorta di privativa sulle licenze per il taglio 1 ARCHIVIO DELLA FABBRICA DI SAN PIETRO IN VATICANO (d’ora in poi AFSP), 50, A, 13, c. 973r. -
C HAPTER THREE Dissertation I on the Waters and Aqueducts Of
Aqueduct Hunting in the Seventeenth Century: Raffaele Fabretti's De aquis et aquaeductibus veteris Romae Harry B. Evans http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=17141, The University of Michigan Press C HAPTER THREE Dissertation I on the Waters and Aqueducts of Ancient Rome o the distinguished Giovanni Lucio of Trau, Raffaello Fabretti, son of T Gaspare, of Urbino, sends greetings. 1. introduction Thanks to your interest in my behalf, the things I wrote to you earlier about the aqueducts I observed around the Anio River do not at all dis- please me. You have in›uenced my diligence by your expressions of praise, both in your own name and in the names of your most learned friends (whom you also have in very large number). As a result, I feel that I am much more eager to pursue the investigation set forth on this subject; I would already have completed it had the abundance of waters from heaven not shown itself opposed to my own watery task. But you should not think that I have been completely idle: indeed, although I was not able to approach for a second time the sources of the Marcia and Claudia, at some distance from me, and not able therefore to follow up my ideas by surer rea- soning, not uselessly, perhaps, will I show you that I have been engaged in the more immediate neighborhood of that aqueduct introduced by Pope Sixtus and called the Acqua Felice from his own name before his ponti‹- 19 Aqueduct Hunting in the Seventeenth Century: Raffaele Fabretti's De aquis et aquaeductibus veteris Romae Harry B. -
Eine Vergleichende Studie Zur Baupolitik Der Kaiser Traian Und Hadrian
Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine vergleichende Analyse der Herrschafts- und Baupolitik der Kaiser Traian und Hadrian. Da beide Herrscher einerseits für unterschiedliche politische und strategische Konzepte (z. B. Expansions- gegen Grenzsicherungspolitik) einstanden, andererseits jedoch durch Tina Wellhausen die Elemente des „humanitären Kaisertums“ und als Repräsentanten der Epoche der sogenannten Adoptivkaiser miteinander verbunden waren, wird hier kritisch untersucht, in welchen Bereichen der Regentschaften von Traian und Hadrian politische Kontinuität und in welchen Unterschiede zu Kriegsherr und Reisekaiser? konstatieren sind. Im Zentrum der Analyse steht vor allem die Baupolitik und damit einhergehend die kritische Untersuchung maßgeblicher Repräsentations- und Prestigebauten der beiden Kaiser in Rom. Der Leitfragestellung nach Intention und Selbstdarstellung durch monumentale Bauten Eine vergleichende Studie zur Baupolitik wird exemplarisch nachgegangen anhand der bedeutsamsten stadtrömischen Projekte beider der Kaiser Traian und Hadrian Kaiser: Forum Traiani mit Traianssäule, Mercati Traiani, Hadriansmausoleum, Tempel der Venus und der Roma, Pantheon sowie anderer Nutz- und Prestigebauten. Tina Wellhausen Kriegsherr und Reisekaiser? ISBN: 978-3-86395-351-5 Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Tina Wellhausen Kriegsherr und Reisekaiser? Eine vergleichende Studie zur Baupolitik der Kaiser Traian und Hadrian Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen -
The Aqua Traiana / Aqua Paola and Their Effects on The
THE AQUA TRAIANA / AQUA PAOLA AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE URBAN FABRIC OF ROME Carolyn A. Mess A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Architectural History In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Architectural History May 2014 Cammy Brothers __________________ Sheila Crane __________________ John Dobbins __________________ ii ABSTRACT Infrastructure has always played an important role in urban planning, though the focus of urban form is often the road system and the water system is only secondary. This is a misconception as often times the hydraulic infrastructure determined where roads were placed. Architectural structures were built where easily accessible potable water was found. People established towns and cities around water, like coasts, riverbanks, and natural springs. This study isolates two aqueducts, the Aqua Traiana and its Renaissance counterpart, the Aqua Paola. Both of these aqueducts were exceptional feats of engineering in their planning, building techniques, and functionality; however, by the end of their construction, they symbolized more than their outward utilitarian architecture. Within their given time periods, these aqueducts impacted an entire region of Rome that had twice been cut off from the rest of the city because of its lack of a water supply and its remote location across the Tiber. The Aqua Traiana and Aqua Paola completely transformed this area by improving residents’ hygiene, building up an industrial district, and beautifying the area of Trastevere. This study -
A View of the Tiber Island and the Pons Cestius, with the Church Of
Nicolas DELOBEL (Paris 1693 - Paris 1763) A View of the Tiber Island and the Pons Cestius, with the Church of San Bartolomeo all’Isola, Rome Pen and brown ink and brown and grey wash, over an underdrawing in black chalk, extensively heightened with white, on blue paper. Inscribed, dated and signed faite le 30 Septembre1729(5or 7?) / vue de la pointe del[‘ile?]d’/ que[?] pont[?] delobel(?) at the lower left. 241 x 391 mm. (9 1/2 x 15v 3/8 in.) ACQUIRED BY THE FONDATION CUSTODIA, PARIS. Indistinctly signed by the artist and dated 1729 (although the date can also be read as 1725 or 1727), the present sheet is among the earliest views of Rome by a pensionnaireat the Académie de France. The drawing depicts the small boat-shaped island in middle of the Tiber river, dominated by the 17th century church of San Bartolomeo all’Isola, seen from downstream. In the centre is the 12th century bell tower of the church and, just to the right, the fortified Torre Caetani, dating from the 10th century. At the left of the composition is the Pons Cestius, the ancient stone bridge linking the Tiber Island to Trastevere in the western part of the city; the bridge was reconstructed and widened in the late 19th century. The large tower in the foreground at the upper right of the composition, which no longer exists today, sat above an old water mill on the right bank of the Tiber. Delobel also made a drawing of the opposite view, looking downstream from the southern end of the Tiber Island towards the Temple of Hercules Victor and the campanile of the church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin. -
Human Landscapes in Classical Antiquity
Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society Volume 6 HUMAN LANDSCAPES IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY HUMAN LANDSCAPES IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY Environment and Culture Edited by GRAHAM SHIPLEY and JOHN SALMON London and New York First published 1996 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. Routledge is an International Thomson Publishing company Selection and editorial matter © 1996 Graham Shipley and John Salmon Individual chapters © 1996 the contributors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Human landscapes in classical antiquity: environment and culture/ edited by John Salmon and Graham Shipley. p. cm—(Leicester-Nottingham studies in ancient society: v. 6) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-10755-5 1. Greece—Civilization. 2. Rome—Civilization 3. Ecology— Greece—History. 4. Ecology—Rome—History. 5. Human ecology—Greece—History. 6. Human ecology—Rome—History. 7. Landscape—Greece—History. 8. Landscape—Rome—History.