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Eine Vergleichende Studie Zur Baupolitik Der Kaiser Traian Und Hadrian

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Eine Vergleichende Studie Zur Baupolitik Der Kaiser Traian Und Hadrian Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine vergleichende Analyse der Herrschafts- und Baupolitik der Kaiser Traian und Hadrian. Da beide Herrscher einerseits für unterschiedliche politische und strategische Konzepte (z. B. Expansions- gegen Grenzsicherungspolitik) einstanden, andererseits jedoch durch Tina Wellhausen die Elemente des „humanitären Kaisertums“ und als Repräsentanten der Epoche der sogenannten Adoptivkaiser miteinander verbunden waren, wird hier kritisch untersucht, in welchen Bereichen der Regentschaften von Traian und Hadrian politische Kontinuität und in welchen Unterschiede zu Kriegsherr und Reisekaiser? konstatieren sind. Im Zentrum der Analyse steht vor allem die Baupolitik und damit einhergehend die kritische Untersuchung maßgeblicher Repräsentations- und Prestigebauten der beiden Kaiser in Rom. Der Leitfragestellung nach Intention und Selbstdarstellung durch monumentale Bauten Eine vergleichende Studie zur Baupolitik wird exemplarisch nachgegangen anhand der bedeutsamsten stadtrömischen Projekte beider der Kaiser Traian und Hadrian Kaiser: Forum Traiani mit Traianssäule, Mercati Traiani, Hadriansmausoleum, Tempel der Venus und der Roma, Pantheon sowie anderer Nutz- und Prestigebauten. Tina Wellhausen Kriegsherr und Reisekaiser? ISBN: 978-3-86395-351-5 Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Tina Wellhausen Kriegsherr und Reisekaiser? Eine vergleichende Studie zur Baupolitik der Kaiser Traian und Hadrian Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International Lizenz. erschienen in der Reihe der Universitätsdrucke im Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2018 Tina Wellhausen Kriegsherr und Reisekaiser? Eine vergleichende Studie zur Baupolitik der Kaiser Traian und Hadrian Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2018 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.dnb.de> abrufbar. Autorenkontakt Tina Wellhausen E-Mail: [email protected] Dieses Buch ist auch als freie Onlineversion über die Homepage des Verlags sowie über den Göttinger Universitätskatalog (GUK) bei der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen (http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de) erreichbar. Es gelten die Lizenzbestimmungen der Onlineversion. Satz und Layout: Tina Wellhausen Umschlaggestaltung: Tina Wellhausen. Die hintere Abbildung zeigt in der Aufsicht einen Teil der Gebäudestruktur der Mercati Traiani mit der sich anschließenden östlichen Exedra des Forum Traiani. Die vordere Abbildung zeigt das Mausoleum Hadriani, die sog. Engelsburg (Fotos: Tina Wellhausen). © 2018 Universitätsverlag Göttingen https://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de ISBN: 978-3-86395-351-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17875/gup2018-1082 Für L. und L. Mòran taing! Vorwort Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine modifizierte Fassung meiner gleichlautenden Dissertation dar, die ich im Frühjahr 2017 bei der Philosophischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen eingereicht habe. Die thematische Grundla- ge bildete meine Magisterarbeit zum Thema der Reichspolitik des Kaisers Hadrian. Herr Prof. em. Dr. Gustav Adolf Lehmann bestärkte mich zu dem zeitli- chen Ausgriff in die Ära Kaiser Traians und der Methodik bzw. Herangehenswei- se einer vergleichenden Gegenüberstellung der Politik beider Kaiser mittels ihrer umfangreichen Bauprogramme. Daraus entstand eine Arbeit, welche primär das Fachgebiet der Alten Geschichte und das der Klassischen Archäologie als Ar- beitsbereiche umschloss. Für diese fachübergreifende Offenheit und die stetige Erinnerung an deren Notwendigkeit danke ich Herrn Prof. em. Dr. Gustav Adolf Lehmann. Zudem sind viele historische Exkurse innerhalb der vorliegenden Ar- beit seinem Zuspruch zu verdanken. Ebenso danke ich Frau Prof. Dr. Tanja Scheer, besonders für die Auseinandersetzung mit den Grundgedanken der Arbeit und dem Gutachten für das DAAD, als dessen Stipendiatin ich im Sommer 2012 ein Forschungssemester in Wien antreten durfte. Dort war es Prof. Dr. Fritz Mitthof, der mich als erster darauf hinwies, das klassische, vorgezeichnete Bild beider Kaiser in Frage zu stellen und ihr Handeln aus den Notwendigkeiten der jeweils vorliegenden historischen Situationen zu interpretieren. Ich danke zudem dem gesamten Institut für Alte Geschichte und 8 Tina Wellhausen: Kriegsherr und Reisekaiser? Altertumskunde, Papyrologie und Epigraphik für die freundliche Aufnahme und angenehmen Arbeitsbedingungen. Selbstverständlich gebührt mein Dank der Graduiertenschule für Geisteswis- senschaften Göttingen (GSGG), die mich ebenfalls mit einem Stipendium be- dachte und mich während der Dauer meines Dissertationsprojektes unterstützte. Besonderen Dank schulde ich Herrn PD Dr. Bernhard Woytek, der stets vorbe- haltlos, geduldig und ausführlich die numismatischen Fragen einer in diesem Fachbereich Unkundigen beantwortete und mich zudem mit Literatur und Bild- material versorgte. Viele diesbezügliche Ausführungen sind ihm zu verdanken. Für die Durchsicht und Korrekturlesung – sowohl meiner Magisterarbeit als auch des Dissertationsmanuskripts – möchte ich sehr herzlich Dr. Balbina Bäbler- Nesselrath danken, die mich auch in fachlichen Fragen stets unterstützte. Für die gleiche Arbeit danke ich Alexander Nuss, ebenso wie für die Unterstützung beim Layout. Auch den Mitarbeitern der SUB Göttingen für deren unschätzbare Hilfe bei der Literaturrecherche möchte ich an dieser Stelle meinen Dank aussprechen. Bei meinen Eltern und Freunden – besonders Esther Wegener für den fachli- chen Austausch inklusive vieler Liter Kaffee – möchte ich mich für ihre Unter- stützung und Verständnis während dieser Zeit bedanken. Hannover, im Februar 2018 Tina Wellhausen Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort................................................................................................................................. 7 Inhaltsverzeichnis ................................................................................................................ 9 1. Einleitung und Zielsetzung ......................................................................................... 15 2. Methodik ........................................................................................................................ 17 3. Akzeptanzsystem........................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Herrschaftsdarstellung ........................................................................................ 23 4. Politisch-historischer Abriss der Jahre 89–99 n. Chr. ............................................ 27 4.1. Traian. Der Aufstieg zur Macht (89–98 n. Chr.) ........................................... 27 4.2. Traian als Kaiser. Die Form seiner Adoption und ihre Folgen für die neue Außenpolitik (ab 98 n. Chr.) ......................................... 32 5. Städtebauliche Entwicklungen des Zentrums Roms ............................................... 41 6. Traiansforum – Archäologische Untersuchung ....................................................... 47 6.1 Forum Traiani – Eine Einführung .................................................................... 47 10 Tina Wellhausen: Kriegsherr und Reisekaiser? 6.2 Lage .................................................................................................................. 48 6.3 Aufbau .................................................................................................................. 50 6.4 Überreste ............................................................................................................... 51 6.5 Quellen .................................................................................................................. 52 6.6 Attikazone ............................................................................................................. 53 6.6.1 Rekonstruktion (und Vorbild) .................................................................... 56 6.7 Equus Traiani ....................................................................................................... 57 6.8 Basilica Ulpia ........................................................................................................ 60 6.8.1 Quellen und Rekonstruktion ...................................................................... 62 6.8.2 Bedeutung ...................................................................................................... 63 6.9 Säule (Aufbau) ...................................................................................................... 65 6.9.1 Innere Konstruktion und Funktion ........................................................... 66 7. Traiansforum – Historische Interpretation............................................................... 71 7.1 Die Nutzbarkeit der Räume – Politisch und repräsentativ .......................... 71 7.2 Exedren – Ort der Gerichtstätigkeit? ............................................................... 72 7.3 Attikazone – Botschaft des Triumphes ............................................................ 74 7.4 Bibliotheken – Räume der Bildung und cura? ................................................ 75 7.5 Über Siege und Apotheose. Die politische, mediale und sakrale Bedeutung der Traianssäule ................................................... 79 7.5.1 Säule mit Eule? .............................................................................................
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