De Feo Giovanni

Università degli Studi di Salerno Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Gli antichi acquedotti romani e alcune meraviglie dell’ Aqua Augusta di Serino Giovanni De Feo www.greenopoli.it UNIVERSITY OF SALERNO - ITALY www.unisa.it Department of Civil Engineering www.unisa.diciv.it

Groundwater Recharge in an Endoreic Basin with Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater Giovanni De Feo

Wastewater Reclamation & Reuse for Sustainability Nov. 8-11.2005 / Ramada Plaza, Jeju, Korea La Piana del Dragone Volturara Irpina (Av) Dr. Andreas N. Angelakis

Honorary Member of IWA Fellow IWA Past President of EUREAU Chairperson of IWA-WWAC SG on Water and Wastewater in Ancient Civilizations

Iraklion, Hellas. Ottaviano De Biase Poeta, storico locale, “marinaio di montagna” UNIVERSITY OF SALERNO - ITALY www.unisa.it Department of Civil Engineering www.unisa.diciv.it

Historical Development of the Augustan Aqueduct in Southern Italy: Twenty Centuries of Works from SERINO to NAPLES Giovanni DE FEO Via Ferrari, 14 83028 SERINO (AV)

EU, FAO, UNESCO, EUREAU, Assoc. of Greek Municipalities IWA Specialty Conference: 1 st International Symposium on Water and Wastewater Technologies in Ancient Civilizations October 28-30, 2006 - Heraklion (Iraklio), Crete, Greece Specialist Group on Water and Wastewater in Ancient Civilizations

http://img2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20090502052213/timemachine/images/4/45/The_Time_Machine.jpg Università degli Studi di Salerno Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile www.unisa.it www.unisa.diciv.it

Sviluppo Storico dell’Acquedotto Augusteo in Campania: Venti Secoli di Lavori tra SERINO e NAPOLI Giovanni DE FEO A.N.M.I. Associazione Nazionale Marinai d’Italia per la Campania Presenta il volume L’Acqua del Serino - Sorgenti e Acquedotti di Ottaviano De Biase

CIRCOLO UFFICIALI DELLA MARINA MILITARE DI NAPOLI Sabato 11 novembre, ore 17.30 Perché i Romani costruivano acquedotti?

° In generale, non per fornire acqua potabile e per motivi igienici: per rifornire le terme (Hodge, 2002) o per scopi militari . ° Altri scopi (Hodge, 2002; Tolle-Kastenbein, 2005): fontane pubbliche e decorative, abitazioni private, giardini, giochi acquatici, mulini, etc. L’immagine “comune” di un acquedotto romano… Componenti di un acquedotto romano

123456 7 891110

(1) fonte ( caput aquae ); (2) sfiatatoi verticali ( putei ); (3) vasca di sedimentazione (piscina limaria ); (4) galleria; (5) trincea coperta; (6) ponte canale; (7) sifone rovescio; (8) sovrastruttura ( substrutium ); (9) arcata ( arcuationes ); (10) bacino di distribuzione (castellum aquae divisorium ); (11) rete idrica interna (fistulae cittadine ). Componenti di un acquedotto romano

123456 7 891110

° Nei 500 anni successivi, furono costruiti altri 10 acquedotti. ° L’ultimo grande acquedotto costruito a ROMA fu l’ Aqua Alexandrina con una lunghezza di 22 km (De Feo et al., 2011).

Aqua Alexandrina Via di Tor Pignattara

http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquasite/foto/P5310115.jpg Acquedotti di R O M A ° Gli 11 acquedotti di Epoca Imperiale avevano una portata totale di 1,13 milioni m3 di acqua al giorno e una lunghezza totale di più di 500 km (Bono and Boni, 1996).

Aqua Appia Aqua Anio Vetus Aqua Marcia Aqua Tepula

Aqua Julia Aqua Virgo Aqua Alsietina Aqua Claudia

Aqua Anio Novus Aqua Alexandrina Aqua Traiana http://www.romanaqueducts.info Acquedotti di R O M A ° In media, l’ 87% della lunghezza del sistema acquedottistico di ROMA di epoca imperiale era sotterraneo (De Feo et al., 2011). L’Acquedotto Augusteo Serino-Napoli -Miseno

Miseno Napoli Serino Serino: il caput aquae Il massiccio carbonatico “Terminio-Tuoro”

ACQUEDOTTO Sorgente SANNITICO Urciuoli (324 m)

ACQUEDOTTO Piana del Dragone AUGUSTEO

Caput Aquae Sorgente Acquaro-Pelosi Calore (376 m)

Sabato L’acqua del Terminio Il massiccio carbonatico “Terminio-Tuoro”

ACQUEDOTTO DI NAPOLI (2000 L/s)

Piana del Sorgente Dragone Urciuoli (324 m) Sorgente Acquaro-Pelosi (376 m) Calore

Sabato L’acqua del Terminio Il massiccio carbonatico “Terminio-Tuoro” Comune di Serino Pro Loco Serino www.greenopoli.it

L’Acquedotto Augusteo Serino-Napoli-Miseno Prof. Ing. Giovanni De Feo , Università degli Studi di Salerno

CONVEGNO L’ACQUA DI SERINO NELLA STORIA Sabato 18 Aprile 2009, ore 18:00 - Biblioteca Comunale prof. padre Floro di Zenzo, Serino (AV) Duncan Keenan-Jones Research Associate at The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K University of Sydney, Macquarie University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Pompei http://www.vesuvioinrete.it/public/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/vesuvio.jpg Il Sistema idrico di Pompei

Castellum Section A-A Castellum divisorium secondarium Section B-B

A A B B Baths and theatres Public fountains Private houses

Capuan Nola gate Regio IV Regio V gate Vesuvian Baths and Private Regio III theatres houses gate Sarnus Public gate fountains Regio VI Regio II Villas and Sepolcri

Herculaneum gate

Nuceria Regio VII gate N castellum aqueduct Regio I divisorium Marina gate Regio VIII Stabian head castellum 18m secondarium gate fountain

head 50 0 50 100 6m Castellum secondarium Pompei: distribuzione dell’acqua

Acquedotto castellum divisorium

carico castellum 18m secondarium

carico 6m Pompei: castellum divisorium Pompei: castellum divisorium

Ai Bagni e Alle Case ai Teatri Alle Fontane Private Pubbliche Pompei: castellum divisorium Pompei: castellum divisorium

Alle Case Private

Alle Fontane Pubbliche

Ai Bagni e ai Teatri Pompei: castellum divisorium

Canale da Serino

Alle Fontane Pubbliche Pompei: castellum secondarium

UNIVERSITY OF SALERNO - ITALY Department of Civil Engineering www.unisa.diciv.it

The Greatest Water Reservoirs in the Ancient Roman World and the “Piscina Mirabiliis” in Misenum G. De Feo, S. De Gisi, C. Malvano, O. De Biase

IWA Specialty Conference: 2 nd International Symposium on Water and Wastewater Technologies in Ancient Civilizations May 28-30, 2009 - Bari, ITALY Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis

° The Piscina Mirabilis derives its name from the eighteenth century antiquarian tradition , with clear reference to the remarkable architectonic effect; ° The Piscina Mirabilis can be considered one of the biggest Roman reservoirs ever known until now with a volumetric capacity of 12,600 m3 of water (Potenza, 1996; Hodge, 2002; Tolle-Kastenbein, 2005; De Feo and Napoli, 2007).

Photo by http://www.cibec.unina.it Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis

° The Piscina Mirabilis is a gigantic reservoir 72 m long and 27 m large (Hodge, 2002; Tolle-Kastenbein, 2005; De Feo and Napoli, 2007); ° It is dug in a tufa hill and has two step entrances in the northwest, the Ancient Roman entrance and southeast corners, this latter closed. 27 m 27

72 m Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis

Inlet water

The north-west staircase The south-east staircase Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis

Section A-A

B Section B-B

A A

B Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis

9.4 m

5 primary aisles

Forty-eight pillars, arranged on four rows serving as a support to the barrel vault, divide it in five principal aisles on the long sides and thirteen secondary aisles on the short sides, lending to it the majestic look of a cathedral. Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis

13 secondary aisles 10.4 m

Forty-eight pillars, arranged on four rows serving as a support to the barrel vault, divide it in five principal aisles on the long sides and thirteen secondary aisles on the short sides , lending to it the majestic look of a cathedral. Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis

group of pillars

With this structure, the Piscina Mirabiliis looks like a chethedral. Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis

Longitudinal aisles Longitudinal aisles Description of the Piscina Mirabiliis

There is a basin of 1.10 m, probably a polishing pool, that Piscina Limaria was used as a Piscina limaria for the periodical cleaning of the reservoir (Potenza, 1996; Hodge, 2002; Tolle-Kastenbein, 2005; De Feo and Napoli, 2007).

Probably discharge hole in the Piscina Limaria

1.1 m

Probable discharge hole Piscina Limaria

View of the Piscina Limaria One of the two staircase

Probable discharge hole View of the Piscina Limaria Pietro Laureano Architect and urban planner - ecosystem restoration with traditional techniques Founder and CEO at IPOGEA Traditional Knowledge Research Centre 2010 Wayne F. Lorenz Chief Engineer at Wright Water Engineers, Inc., Denver, Colorado Wright Water Engineers, Inc., Wright Paleohydrological Institute

Wayne F.Lorenz , Giovanni De Feo , Erik Baros , Sabino De Gisi (2012). Ancient Pompeii Water Supply: Sources, Routes, Hydraulics of the Aqueducts . In: 3rd IWA Specializad Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologies in Ancient Civilizations Istanbul, Turchia 22-24 Marzo 2012 Istanbul International Water Association (IWA) Pag.345-353 2011 Nino Leone Medico, scrittore, «maestro rinascimentale» Underground hydro-technologies in Campania felix Giovanni De Feo Università di Salerno, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, www.diin.unisa.it via Ponte don Melillo – 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy, [email protected]

Matera, Italy - European Cultural Capital 2019 Candidate - November 21-23, 2013 Matera, Italy - European Cultural Capital 2019 Candidate - November 21-23, 2013 Pompeii Water Supply – Route and Tunnels of the Serino Aqueduct Wayne Lorenz 1 and Giovanni De Feo 2

1 Chief Engineer, Wright Water Engineers, Inc. and Director of Roman Aqueduct Research, Wright Paleohydrological Institute, 2490 W. 26th Avenue, Suite 100A, Denver, CO 80211, USA, [email protected]

2 Department of Industrial Engineering (DIIN), University of Salerno, 84084, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (Sa), Italy, [email protected] Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels ° The route of the Serino to the intersection of the branch to Pompeii (near Ponte Tirone ) began at the Acquaro Pelosi springs. ° From the springs, the aqueduct crossed the Sabato River on a bridge to the west to Aiello del Sabato (in the Province of Avellino).

Serino Aqueduct – Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels Serino Aqueduct Tunnels ° In this upstream section of the Serino , there were shallow tunneled sections . A section of the Serino Aqueduct in this upper segment was exposed in February 2012 after a landslide occurred due to heavy snowfall .

Serino Aqueduct – Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels Serino Aqueduct Tunnels

Serino Aqueduct – Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels Serino Aqueduct Tunnels ° The tunneled sections in this upper segment of the Serino Aqueduct were up to several meters below the existing grade . ° These shallow tunneled sections were constructed of rock and mortar and lined with the Roman hydraulic cement .

Serino Aqueduct – Serino Aqueduct Route and Tunnels The Augustan aqueduct in the context of road system and urbanization of the served territory in Southern Italy Giacinto Libertini, Bruno Miccio, Nino Leone and Giovanni De Feo

Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa , Emperor brotherly fellow of Augustus , Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus pivotal pillar of Augustus success and power, Divi Filius Augustus builder of the Augustan aqueduct 26 marzo 2015, Università di Salerno L’Aqua di Serino sul GuangMing Daily, Cina

郑晓云 zheng xiao yun http://www.famigliacristiana.it/articolo/ambiente-la-cina-s-ispira-a-venezia.aspx Water International Museum of Serino W I M Museo Internazionale dell’Acqua di Serino MIA