Italicized Numbers Refer to the Pages with Related Illustrations. Plates Are Only Referred to in the Text

Home , Alinda, Aqua Augusta (Naples), Arch of Hadrian (Capua), Aspendos, Castra Praetoria, Crypta Neapolitana

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-47071-1 — Roman Architecture and Urbanism Fikret Yegül , Diane Favro Index More Information

INDEX -

Italicized numbers refer to the pages with related illustrations. Plates are only referred to in the text. Achaea, 556 Alexandria, 376, 488, 490, 492, 690, 752 Anthony, Mark (Marcus Antonius), Actium, 557, 572 Kaisereion (Sebasteion), 191 192, 575 Adada, 603, 667 Pharos, 172, 174 Antioch-in-Pisidia agora with monumental steps, 667 tombs colonnaded street, 640 bouleterion, 667 Mustafa Pasha Complex, 490, nymphaeum plaza, 670, 672 temples, 637, 645 490 Sanctuary and temple of (Deiﬁed) theater, 667 Shatby Hypogeum A, 490 Augustus, 640 Adamklissi, Romania Alexandria Troas propylon, 640, 670 Trophy of Trajan (Tropaeum bath-gymnasium, 610 Southwest Gate, 670, 672 Traiano), 429, 435 Alinda, Caria Temple of Augustus-Men, 647, 648 aedicular architecture (Asiatic market hall (multi-storied stoa), 667 Antioch-on-the-Orontes, 159, 213, facades), 479, 558, 561, residences, 703 712–713 571, 673, 691, 754 Alonnes (Le Mans) baths, 725, 729 Aezane, Phyrgia baths, 474 Bath C, 725 Bath-Gymnasium, 687 Amman (Philadelphia) Bath E, 726 market, 666 colonnaded street, 715 colonnaded street, 728 Temple of Zeus/Cybele, 634, 640, nympheum, 769 Antiphelos (Kaş), Lycia 641, 705 theater, 721 theater, 681 theater-stadium, 682 Anarchic Period, 812 Antonine Wall, Scotland, 483–484 agrimensores (surveyors), 13, 34, 115, 616 Anazarvus, Cilicia Antoninus Pius, 399, 482, 581, 587, 644 Agrippa, Marcus, 120, 149, 161, 170, 175, amphitheater, 682 Aosta (Augusta Praetoria), 415 194, 213, 358, 580 aqueduct, 163 arch, 440, 447 Ain Dara, Syria arch (South Gate), 671, 676 Porta Praetoria, 447, 719 tomb towers, 794 use of opus caementicium, 608 theater/odeum, 451, 453, 457 Alatrium (Alatri), 11, 13, 128 Ancona Apamea, Syria, 715 aqueduct, 128 Arch of Trajan, 438, 446 colonnaded street, 713, 715 walls, 20, 33 harbor, 335, 413 theater, 721 Alba Fucens (Fucentina), 44 Anemurium, Cilicia Aphrodisias, 602, 617 forum, 46 baths, 690 Atrium House north of Sebasteion, walls, 44 Ankyra (Ankara) 702 al-Bara, Syria Temple of Augustus and Roma, basilica in South Agora, 653 tomb towers, 797 597, 641 Bishop’s Palace (so-called), 702 Alcantara, Spain (see bridges) Annia Regilla, 144, 431, 589–590, 840, Hadrianic bath-gymnasium, 689 votive temple, 156, 156 See Rome, tombs, Annia odeum, 592 Alexander Severus, 227, 801, 812 Regilla (cenotaph) Sebasteion, 484, 662

887

Index

Aphrodisias (cont.) Arles Aurelian, 773, 812 stadium, 682 amphitheater, 469, 470 Autun (Augustodunum), 429 theater, 602, 677 Constantinian Baths, 471 Porta Saint Andre, 447 Theater Baths, 607 Arpinum Aventicium (Avenches), 425 Aquae Neri (Neris-les-Bains) walls and corbeled gate, 128 thermal baths, 476 Arycanda, Lycia, 603, 623, 629 Ba’albek (Heliopolis), 736 aqueducts, 113 agoras (commercial and state), 661 Sanctuary of Jupiter Alinda, 163 baths, 690 Heliopolitanus, 736, 739 Anazarvus, 163 Large Baths, 623, 690 propylon, 737 Aqua Appia, 20 Small Baths, 623 temples Aqua Augusta, Bay of Naples, 159, residences Bacchus, 736, 742, 745 213 peristyle villa, 696 Jupiter/Ba’al, 736, 741–742 Aspendos, 165, 613 stadium, 623, 682 Venus, 743, 749 Lincoln (mechanical pump), 165 temple tombs, 605 Babatha Archives, 2, 710 Los Milagros near Mérida, theater, 623, 631, 682 Babiska, Syria 163, 166 Asiatic facades. See aedicular Large Baths, 793 Olba, Rough Cilicia, 181 architecture Badenweiler Pont du Gard near Nîmes, 161, 162, Aspendos, Pamphylia thermal baths, 476 165 aqueduct and water tower, 161 Baiae Saldae, Algeria, 181 basilica, 610 stagnum, 882 Segovia, 161, 140 theater, 673 Temple of Mercury (so-called), Sextius Pollio near Ephesus, 163, 602 Assos, Troad 240, 240 siphons and inverted siphons, 164 market hall (multi-storied stoa), 667 Temple of Venus (so-called), 391, Arcadius, 815 Athens, 557 392 arches (see city name for urban Agora, 559, 580, 587 thermo-mineral complex, 364 examples) Agora of Caesar and Augustus villa at Punta dell’Epitafﬁo Arco Felice near Puteoli, 153 (Roman Agora), 582, 582 (submerged), 285 Donnas near Aosta, 149, 150 aqueduct, 587 Balboura in Lycia, 666 architects and engineers, 115 Arch of Hadrian, 583, 585 agora, 666 Anthemius of Tralles, 179, 351 baths north of Temple of Zeus arch of Septimius Severus, 666 Apollodorus, 114, 123, 145, 151, 221, Olympos, 561 Temple of Nemesis, 666 334–336, 343, 351, 750, 803 Horologion of Andronikos (Tower theater, 681 Cornelius, Lucius, 23 of the Winds), 582, 583 Banaqfur, Syria, 261 Cossutius, 114, 587 library of Hadrian, 587, 590, 696 baroque. See also aedicular architecture Decrianus, 351 nymphaeums (Asiatic facades) Dionysius of Sardis, 114, 120 Agora, 559, 587, 589 Asian, 479, 620, 656, 745, 753 Hermodorus of Salamis, 13, 114 Lycabettus with reservoir, 559, Flavian, 321 Hermogenes, 121, 630 560, 587 Roman, 450, 542, 559, 561, 673, 767 Hippodamus of Miletus, 13, 614 odeums Severan, 801 Isidorus of Miletus, 179, 351 Agrippa in the Agora, 580, 581 basilicas, Christian, 848 Lacer, C. Julius, 157 Herodes Atticus, 590, 591 Bath (Aquae Sulis) Nonius Datus, 181 stadium of Atticus, 590 Temple of Sulis Minerva, 410, 429, Rabirius, 114, 178, 310, 321, 329, 335 temples 432 Severus and Celer, 114, 227, 324 Ares in the Agora, 579 thermal complex and sanctuary, Vitruvius (Marcus Vitruvius circular on the acropolis 429, 476 Pollio), 9, 12, 113, 116, (monopteros), 579 bath-gymnasium, 684 120, 125, 137, 161, 248 Zeus Olympos (Olympeion), 82, Beneventum, Arch of Trajan, 334 Zeno, 673 131, 133, 583, 586 Bostra, Syria, 759, 764 Ardea, terrace walls, 176 tomb of Philopappos, 592, 593 amphitheater, 721 Argos Augst (Augusta Rauricarum), 420, 420 colonnaded street, 715, 765 Hadrianic fountain, 559 theater, 456 colonnaded street with Ariassos, Pisidia Augusta Bagiennorum near Turin cryptoporticus, 759 arch, 670, 674 forum, 414 East Gate (Nabataean), 719, 726 residences, 702 Augustus, 18, 191, 266, 557, 574–575, kalybe, 761 temple tombs, 605 579, 582, 602, 631, 713, nymphaeum, 759 Aristides, Aelius, 2, 557, 601 828, 833 palace (so-called), 761

888

Index

South Baths, 726, 730, 761 Harbor Baths, 690 colonnaded street, 568 tetrakionion, 759 Cemenelum (Cimiez), southern Lechaion Road, 567–568 theater, 721, 728, 761 France propylon, 571 West Gate, 719 baths, 473 odeum and peristyle, 571 Brescia (Brixia), 416 West Baths (Temple of Apollo), Peirene Fountain, 559, 568, 570 forum and temples, 414 475 Roman Forum, 567 bridges North, East and West baths, 473, 475 temples Alcantara, Trajanic, 156, 157, 334 Chester (Deva Victrix) agora temples, 568 Ariccia viaduct, 153 elliptical building, 215, 218, 579 agora, 568 Arsameia (Kâhta) Severan, 155, 610 fort, 482 Apollo, 571 Danube, Trajanic (Apollodorus of classicism, 7, 12, 95, 197, 204, 225, 350, theater, 571 Damascus), 151, 152 376, 425, 556, 570, 751, Cosa, 38, 39, 158, 412 Eurymedon River (Aksu), 156, 625 773, 778 Arx, 39–40 Ponte d’Augusto at Narni, 153, 157 Claudius, 171, 219, 222, 285, 295, 687 Capitolium on Arx, 40, 85, 85 Ponte St.Martin near Aosta, 155 Colchester (Camulodunum) forum, 39, 412 Puente Romana near Mérida, 152 theater, 456 arch, 40 Brindisium (Brindisi), 335 colonnaded streets in the Near East, basilica, 40, 412 Trajanic harbor monument, 335 712–716 Curia-Comitium, 40 Bulla Regia, Tunisia, 259 Commegene Kingdom, Turkey, 155, 592 House of Diana, 40 baths, 120 Conimbriga, Portugal Cremna, Pisidia, 620, 624 House of the Hunt, 260, 262 forum, 415 arches, 669 House of the Skeletons, 258 central plaza/agora, 620 Caerleon (Isca Augusta) South Baths, 475, 478 colonnaded street, 621, 659, 669 amphitheater, 460 Constantine, 814, 833, 845 Doric agora, 620 castrum baths, 474 Constantinople/Istanbul, 814 forum-basilica (Hadrianic), 620, Caerwent (Venta Silurum), 261 Hagia Sophia, 179, 857, 860 659, 664 Caesar, Julius, 186, 266, 557, 582, 598 Yerebatan Sarayi cistern, 159 Hadrianic temple, 620 Caesarea Maritima, Israel construction errors, 179–182 propylon, Severan with monumental amphitheater, 721 construction techniques, 124–183 stairs, 621,,625 fortiﬁcations, 728 ashlar, 128–129 residential zone, 701 harbor (Sebastos), 173–174, 176, 181, Asia Minor, 603 Severan Ionic temple, 621 213, 732 mortared rubble, 134, 145, 603 theater, 681 North Gate, 719 opus Africanus, 514 curatores viarum, 151 Promontory Palace, 732 opus caementicium, 23, 134, 558, 580, Cyrene, 488, 488 Temple of Roma and Augustus, 607–608 agora, 491 728 opus craticium, 124 Caesareum, 488, 489, 491 theater, 721 opus incertum, 23, 410, 609 temples Caligula, 217, 288 opus latericium, 609 Augusteum, 491, 492 Capri, 285, See also villas: Jovis on Capri opus mixtum, 126, 410, 608 Capitolium, 491 Capua, 8, 14 opus quadratum, 20, 128, 603 Cyriac of Ancona, 587 amphitheater, 463 opus quasi-reticulatum, 139, 574 tombs opus reticulatum, 139, 561, 608 Damascus La Conocchia, 435, 440 opus testaceum, 126, 139 Temple of Jupiter, 738 Le Carceri Vecchie tomb, 431, opus vittatum, 139 Via Recta (Straight Street), 715 436 petit appareil, 145, 410 dams. (See also al-Makkoura water system) Caracalla, 358, 404, 509, 517, 534, 737, post-and-beam, 136 Aezane region, 167 800, 803, 810 consuetudo Italico, 9 Cornalvo near Mérida, 168, 168 Carpentras (Carpentoracte), southern Cori Gabes, Tunisia, 167 France Temple of Hercules, 92, 98 Homs, Syria, 168 arch, 440 Corinth, 557, 566, 569 Dead Cities of Syria, 790 Carthage, 487 agora, 568 Decapolis, 708, 747, 763 Antonine Baths, 178, 543 basilicas, 568 Demirci (Imbriogon), Rough Cilicia aqueduct and cistern, 163, 552 baths temple-tombs, 647 castrum (military camp), 34, 35, 169, 217, Great Baths on Lechaion Road, demolition/deconstruction, 179, 182 338, 411, 496, 542 558, 561, 564, 565 Derventum (Drevant) Caunos, Lycia, 514 Captives Façade, 571 baths, 473

889

Index

Didyma, Temple of Apollo, 117 Ephesus, 619, 620 Gate of Augustus, 447 Diocletian, 812, 833 Arkadiane (marble avenue), 619, Ferentinum, 34, 349 Dion, Greece 622, 672 gate/bastion, 128, 130 bath complex with odeum, 561, 566 baths Market Hall, 351 Djemila (Cuicul), Algeria, 496, 507, 508 East Bath-Gymnasium, 611 walls, 128, 176, 177 arches, 512 Harbor Bath-Gymnasium, Forma Urbis Romae. See Rome: Marble Caracallan arch, 512 610–611, 687 Plan cardo, 507 Vedius Bath-Gymnasium, 610, Fregellae, 41, 41, 43 colonnaded streets, 507 687, 688 baths, Republican, 42, 44 conical fountain, 511, 513 colonnaded streets, 620, 661, 669 domus, 42 Large Baths, 511 Embolos (Kuretes Street), 620, 622 Fréjus (Forum Julii) Markets of Cossinus, 509 gates theater, 451 Old Forum, 507, 509 Hadrianic Gate, 623, 670, 671 Frontinus, Sextus Julius, 112, 120, 127, Severan Plaza and Capitolium, 509, Harbor Gate, 669 159, 180, 334, 670 511, 513 South Gate (Gate of Mazaeus frontone Siriaco (Syrian pediment), 75, theater, 512 and Mithridates), 661, 670 651, 666, 670, 750, 761, Domitian, 114, 178, 240, 289–290, 310, Library of Celsus and plaza, 610, 769, 820 315, 329, 337, 801 623, 691, 693 Fucine Lake, 220 Donnas residences road cut and arch, Val d’Aosta, 149 Insula I, 697, 699 Gabii, 35 Dougga (Thugga), Tunisia, 512 Insula II, 697 theater-temple complex of Juno, 35, Baths of Licinius, 513, 515 peristyle villa, 702 96, 100 forum and Windrose Plaza, 514, 514 terrace houses (Hanghäuser), 697, walls, 9 temples 698 Gadara (Umm-Qais), Syria Capitolium, 514, 515 stadium, 682 colonnaded street, 715 Celestis, 515 State Agora with Augustan basilica, Gallienus, 812 Liber Pater, 515 652, 660 Gamzigrad. See Romuliana Saturn (or Ba’al), 515 temples Gerasa (Jerash), Jordan, 716, 763 tower tomb, 514 Deiﬁed Hadrian, 620 Arch of Hadrian, 720, 770 Douiret, Tunisia Domitian (Flavian Cult), 610, baths irrigation system, 495 635, 656 East, 769 Dura Europos, Syria, 159, 713, 780, Julius Caesar and Roma, 652 West, 769 786 Sanctuary of Artemis, 602 circular plaza with tetrakionion, 715, agora, 784 Sebasteion, 656 764 amphitheater, 785 Serapis (so-called), 610, 646, 655, colonnaded street, 715, 717, 765 baths, 785 692 gates Palace of the Dux Ripae, 785, 789 Tetragonas agora (commercial North Gate, 719, 764 residences, 786 agora), 661 South Gate, 719, 764 temple of the Palmyrene Gods tetrakionion, 715 macellum, 765 (or Bel), 784 theater, 672, 676 nymphaeum, 769, 773 urban armature, 620 Oval Plaza, 715, 721, 765 El Djem (Thysdrus), Tunisia, 543 Vibius Salutarius procession, 602 Sanctuary of Artemis with amphitheater, 543, 543 Es-Sanamen, Syria, 750 propylon, 766–767, 771 Elagabalus, 801 Etruscans, 5, 8, 14 Sanctuary of Artemis, 766, 771 Elaiussa Sebaste, Cilicia city planning, 14 Sanctuary of Zeus, 765 agora, 661, 665 euergetism, 13, 600 tetrapylon, 764 baths, 608, 610 Euromos theaters opus reticulatum, 608 Temple of Zeus, 637 North Theater, 769 residential terrace, 696 Évora (Ebora), Spain, 423, 425 South theater, 721, 769 Eleusis, 206 Temple of Diana, 423 Gisacum (Le Vieil-Évreux) Outer Propylaea of Demeter Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum) Double Baths, 473 Sanctuary, 579, 580 castrum baths, 474 Glanum (Saint-Rémy-de-Provence), 414 Eleutheropolis, Israel arch, 440 amphitheater, 721 Falerii Novi, 34 Monument of the Julii, 431, 437 Emporiae (Ampurias), Spain walls and gate, 34, 128, 176 Small Baths, 473 forum, 415 Fanum (Fano), 12, 121, 123 Gordian I, 543 harbor, 171 basilica of Vitruvius, 12, 122 Gordian III, 814 890

Index

Hadrian, 335, 351–352, 373, 399, 482, Jerusalem Severan Harbor Avenue and plaza, 506, 583, 587, 628, 644, Herod’s royal palace, 730, 737 526, 531 646, 656, 669–670, 736, Herodian palace (tomb?), 735, 738 Temple of Ceres-Augusta, 522 764, 778, 801 Jewish Temple, 730 theater, 522 Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, see villas theater, 721 Wadi Lebda canal and Hadrian’s Wall, Scotland, 479, 481 Julia Domna, 800, 809 embankment, 525 Hama, Syria, 159 Lex Sempronia Viaria, 147 Helena, mother of Constantine, 802 Kaisersaal (Imperial cult hall), 490, 652, Luna (Carrara), 12, 413, 415, See quarries Heraklia-on-the-Latmos 695 Lyrbe-in-Pamphylia residences, 703, 703 Khan al-Makkoura water system, 169, agora, 667 Herculaneum, 49 172 library, 667, 691 residences Kos meeting hall, 667 House of Opus Craticium, 124, Sanctuary of Asclepius, 103, 106 125, 267 Kula (Katakekaumene), Turkey, Mactar Harvester, 2, 496 House of the Samnites, 250 608 Magna Graecia, 5, 9, 13 Villa of the Papyri, 278, 279 Magnesia-on-the-Meander Herdonia (Ordona), 419, 419 La Turbie, southern France Temple of Artemis, 121, 630 Herod the Great, 173, 181, 290, 713, 715, Trophy of the Alps, 129, 372, 429, Marathon 727 433 Villa of Herodes Atticus and Annia Herodes Atticus, 589–591, 840 Lambaesis, Algeria, 496, 497 Regilla, 561 Hierapolis, Phyrgia, 604, 663 arches, 496 baths, 561, 563 Frontinus Gate and Street, 656, 670 baths, 497 Marble Style, 534, 558, See aedicular House of the Ionic Capitals, 701 colonnaded streets, 496 architecture, baroque Large Baths, 604, 604 military hospital, 497 Marcus Aurelius, 399, 579, 673 nymphaeum, 656 Praetorium, 498–500, 498 Marzabotto, 9, 12, 14 public latrines on Frontinus Street, Sanctuary of Asclepius, 539, 542 Masada 656 Lampsacus in the Troad, 602 Herod’s North Palace, 732, 736 State Agora (plateia), 656 Laodicea, Phrygia Maxentius, 178, 815, 836, 845 stoa-basilica, 656, 663 stadium, 683 Megara Hyblaea, 13, 615 tombs, 431 stadium baths, 611, 626 Mérida (Augusta Emerita), Spain, 424 Hippodamian grid, 614, 616, 712 larch (larix decidua), 123 Imperial cult precinct, 422 partial grid (imperfect grid), 616 Lepcis Magna, 517, 524 Temple of Diana (Roma and Honorius, 815 amphitheater, 522 Augustus), 424, 427 Hosn Suleiman (Baetocece) aqueduct, 525 Puente Romano, 152 Sanctuary of Ba’al/Jupiter, 743 arches, 523 theater-amphitheater complex, 451, Housesteads Severan tetrapylon, 523, 530 455, 460, 461 fort on Hadrian’s Wall, 482 Trajanic tetrapylon, 523 Metapontum, 13 baths Midas City in Phrygia Iasos, Caria Hadrianic, 530 residences, 703 agora, 661 oval plaza-palaestra, 525 Miletus, 614, 616 residences, 702 Hunting, 546, 550 baths, 616 Ilium, Troad Chalcidium, 522 Faustina, 611, 614, 689 agora baths, 679 circus, 522 Vergilius Capito, 606, 608, 687 theater, 679 colonnaded street, 530 bouleterion, 581 Isola Sacra, 431 exedra on trapezoidal plaza, 531, 531 columnar harbor gate, 616 Istanbul. See Constantinople fora gymnasium, 616 Isthmia Old Forum, 520, 525 Hippodamian plan, 614 Hadrianic-Antonine baths, 562 basilica, 520 North and South Agoras, 658 Sanctuary of Poseidon, 562 curia, 520 North Gate of South Agora, 616 Italica, Spain temples, 520 Minturnae, 412 amphitheater, 462, 463 Severan Forum, 511 forum, 412 Temple of Deiﬁed Trajan, 425, 429 basilica, 531, 532, 538 theater, 454 Izmir. See Smyrna Severan Cult temple, 532 Misenum, Piscina Mirabile cistern, harbor, 530 159, 552 Jerash. See Gerasa market (macellum), 521, 526 Mismiyeh, Syria Jericho nymphaeum on Harbor Avenue, Praetorium, 786 Herod’s Winter Palace, 732, 733 530–531, 531 Monumentality, 84–85 891

Index

Mount Sipylus near Manisa, Turkey Ostia, 36, 37, 143 baths, 690 residences, 703 Baths of Neptune, 472 odeum, 114, 120 Munigua, Spain, 257, 430 Capitolium, 36 temple tomb, 605, 605 House 1, 257 Claudian harbor, 174, 220 Pergamon terrace sanctuary, 425, 430 lighthouse, 172, 175 amphitheater, 682 Porticus of Claudius, 221 aqueducts and siphons, 164 Narni. See bridges forum, 36 Asclepion, 653–654 Nemi Horrea Epagathiana, 145 apsidal rotunda (Cult Building), Lake with Roman ships, 219 residences 654, 840 Nero, 173, 225, 266, 288, 317 Garden Apartments, 267 library, 691 Nerva, 333 House of Diana, 145, 264, 265 temple of Asclepius (Zeus), 646, Nicaea, Bithynia House of the Muses, 261, 264 691 baths, 180 Temple of Hercules, 36 Hellenistic library of Eumenes II, theater, 180 Trajanic harbor at Portus, 171, 691 Nicomedia, Bithynia, 180 173–174, 220, 334 Temenos (Sanctuary) of Athena, 691 Nikopolis, Greece, 250, 572 Oued Athmenia, Algeria temples aqueduct, 572 Baths of Pompeianus, 548, 551 Deiﬁed Trajan (Trajaneum), 354, baths 642, 649 Large Baths and cisterns, 573, 574 Paestum (Poseidonia), 13, 42, 45 Dionysus-Caracalla by the Proasteion, 561, 573 Capitolium, 43 theater, 650 Campside Memorial for Actium Comitium, 43 Egyptian Gods (Serapeum, Kizil Victory, 574, 576 Forum, 43, 94 Avlu), 609, 610, 832 North theater, 573, 575 Temple of Peace (Pace), 94, 99 Perge, Pamphylia, 618 nymphaeums, 560, 572 paideia, 3, 600, 690, 709 colonnaded avenue with waterway, odeum/theater, 572 Palmyra (Tadmor), 718, 770, 774, 812 617, 628, 639 opus reticulatum, 561, 572 agora, 775, 778 commercial agora with tholos West Gate, 572 baths of Diocletian, 775 (Hermes?), 664, 665 Nîmes (Nemausus), 469, 478, See circular plaza and tetrakionion, 715, nymphaeum at north end of aqueducts, Pont du Gard 719, 775 colonnaded avenue, 629 amphitheater, 469 colonnaded streets, 715, 718–719, residential zone, 701 forum, 424 774 South Baths, 617 Maison Carrée temple, 422, 423 Damascus Gate, 774 South Gate, plaza, arch and pool of Sanctuary of the Nymphs and funerary towers, 774, 778, 784 Plancia Magna, 629 Temple of Diana, Number 36, 778 stadium, 682 476–477, 479, 692 nymphaeum, 775 theater, 683 Norba oval plaza, 774 waterworks, 170 acropolis and walls, 128 Praetorium (Diocletian’sCamp),774 Perugia Nysa, Caria, 179, 686 Senate house, 775 Porta Augusta, 128, 131 agora, 683 Severan arch/gate, 719, 723, 775 Pessinus baths, 606, 683 Tariff Plaza (so-called), 775 street canal, 170 gymnasium, 683 temples temple-theater with monumental library, 692, 695 Nebo, 775 steps, 667 ravine bridges and tunnels, 683 Sanctuary and temple of Ba’al Petra, 746, 751, 751 stadium, 683 Shamin, 778 colonnaded street and arch, 747, 752 theater, 610 Sanctuary and temple of Bel, Large Theater, 748 776, 776, 780 Temple of Qasr al-Bint, 747, 753 Octavian. See Augustus propylon, 776 tombs, 747, 757 Oenoanda, Lycia Signa (shrine of military Corinthian Tomb, 759 agora, 666, 666 standards), 774 ed-Deir, 753, 757, 757, 762 baths, 690 theater, 775, 778 Khazne (Treasury), 753, 758 Olympia, Sanctuary of Zeus Valley of the Tombs, 778 Urn Tomb, 750 Nymphaeum of Herodes Atticus, Paris (Lutetia Parisiorum) Peutinger Table, 151 559, 589 Cluny Baths, 471 Phaselis, Lycia, 626, 637–638 Orange (Arausio) Patara, Lycia agora basilica, 626 arch, 440, 448, 720 arch/gate of Mettius Modestos, aqueduct, 626 theater, 451 670, 673 baths and latrine, 626

892

Index

colonnaded street, 626, 669 House of the Mosaic Atrium, Rimini (Ariminum) East (city) harbor, 626 256, 258 arch, 438 Gate to South Harbor, 669 House of the Stags, 256, 258 roads nymphaeum, 626 House of the Surgeon, 247 Via Aemilia, 147 residences, 702 House of the Vetii, 74 Via Appia Antica, 13, 20, 98, 124, 141, theater, 626, 638, 681 House or Paedia of Julia Felix, 148, 147–149, 334, 815 West harbor and Hadrianic arch, 69, 579 Via Aurelia, 39, 85 628 Villa of the Mysteries, 281, 282 Via Domitiana, 149, 153 Philippi, 575, 577, 577 temples Via Egnatia, 575, 833 Christian basilica church, 575 Apollo, 50, 69, 108 Via Flaminia, 147–148, 148, 153, 155 Corinthian temples, 575 Capitolium in Forum, 56, 71 Via Latina, 41–42, 135, 149 forum and Via Egnatia, 575, 578 Doric, 50 Via Mansuerisca, 149, 149 market (macellum), 575 Fortuna Augusta, 67 Via Ostiensis, 36, 815 palaestra (so-called), 576 Imperial cult (Temple of Via Portuensis, 220 stoa-basilica, 575 Vespasian), 71, 145 Via Salaria, 147 theater, 576 Sanctuary of Isis with purgatorium, Via Tiburtina, 102, 105, 178 Pietrabbondante 74, 75 Via Traiana, 335 Samnite sanctuary, 96, 100 theaters Roman manner, temples, 640 Pompeii, 49, 51, 54, 158 Large with peristyle court, 55, 57, Romanization, 1, 115, 308, 494–495, 498, amphitheater, 61, 63 61 500, 599–600, 602, 710, aqueduct, 67 Small (odeum, teatrum tectum), 61 785 baths, 65 tombs, 74 Rome, 4, 9, 14, 189 Central, 67, 69 Triangular Forum, 50, 61 administration, 32 Forum, 67, 68 Portus. See Ostia, Trajanic harbor at Altar of Augustan Peace (Ara Stabian, 65, 66, 68, 159 Portus Pacis), 193, 209, 212 Suburban, 67 pozzolona, 40, 135, 607–608, 732 amphitheaters Forum, 56–57, 59–60, 69 Praeneste (Palestrina) Castrense, 145, 802, 814 basilica, 59, 60 Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Colosseum (Flavian Capitolium, 57 103, 106, 109, 116, 128, Amphitheater), 117, 297, Comitium, 57 129, 139, 178 300, 303–307, 307, 366, Eumachia’s complex, 69, 72 Priene, 614 757 Market Building (macellum), 61, Procopius, 4 aqueducts 71 Ptolemais, 491 Anio Novus, 159, 219, 222, 222 Portico of Popidus, 57 Palazzo delle Colonne, 491, 493 Aqua Alsietina, 213 precinct for imperial cult Pula Aqua Antoniniane, 803 (Temple of Vespasian), amphitheater, 464, 468, plate 18 Aqua Appia, 13, 20, 159 70, 70 Arch of the Sergii, 438, 443 Aqua Claudia, 159, 220, 222, 222, Sanctuary of the Lares Puteoli (Pozzuoli), 149, 220 808 (Lararium), 70 amphitheater, 305 Aqua Julia, 213 shops (tabernae), 56 colonnaded street, 171 Aqua Marcia, 803 palaestras harbor, 170–171 Aqua Traiana, 336 Great, 63, 65 market (macellum), 74 Aqua Virgo, 170, 213, 224 Samnite, 55, 61 arches residences, 56 Qalb Luzeh, Syria Argentarii (Severan), 811, 811 House of Ariadne, 246 Christian basilica, 794 Augustan Actium, 198 House of Loreius Tiburtinus, quarries Augustan Parthian, 198 74, 256 Chemtou, Tunisia, 133, 133 Constantine, 339, 847, 851 House of Lucretius Fronto, 278 Luna (Carrara), 12, 131, 133–134 Septimius Severus, 25, 806, 809, House of Pansa, 52, 55, 246 Parian, 133 810 House of Sallust, 247, 249, 250 Pentellic, 133 Titus, 310, 810 House of the Faun, 52, 55, 246, Proconnesus, Sea of Marmara, 133, Area Palatina, 317 252, 253–254, 257 534 Area Sacra of St. Omobono, House of the Golden Cupids, travertine near Tivoli, 128 86, 87 255, 257 temple of Fortuna, 86 House of the Labyrinth, 55 Rafasa, Syria temple of Mater Matuta, 17, 86 House of the Menander, 74, 251 residences, 793 Atrium Libertatis, 340

893

Index

Rome (cont.) Comitium, 9, 16, 19, 188 Navalia (see also Porticus Aemlia), Auditorium and gardens of Curia, 19, 188, 832 23 Maecenas, 32, 213, 227 Curia Hostilia, 16 Neronian city plan (Urbs Nova), 240 basilicas Diribitorium, 212, 219 Nymphaeum of Alexander Severus, Fulvia-Aemilia (later Paulli), 13, Euripus, 170 807, 809 21, 194, 195, 217 fora pomerium, 16, 28, 30, 295, 373 Julia, 187, 188, 194 Forum Boarium, 21, 22, 27, 88 porticos Maxentius (Nova), 803, 843, Forum Holitorium, 21, 22, 87, 91 Apsidata, 314 848–849 Forum of Augustus, 12, 128, 203, Danaids, 202, 202 Old Saint Peter’s, 848 204, 209, 338, 353 Gallienus, 814 Porcia, 21 Forum of Caesar, 188, 188–200, Gordian III, 814 Sempronia, 21 190, 194 Metelli, 13, 23, 30, 87, 194 Ulpia, 23, 123, 320, 338–339, 340–341 Forum of Peace (Templum Octaviae, 13, 87, 194, 809 baths (thermae) Pacis), 295, 298, 809 Porticus Aemilia warehouse, 23, 24, Agrippa, 212, 353 Forum of Trajan, 336, 338, 848 138, 221 Caracalla, 141, 180, 803, 805 Forum Romanum, 15–16, 18–19, Regionary Catalogue, 816 Constantine, 404, 846 18, 187, 188, 194, 196 residences, 318 Diocletian, 141, 816, 816, 817, 837, Forum Transitorium (of Nerva), archaic house on Palatine, 246, 843 312, 314 247 Helena, 802 Imperial Fora, 296, 337 Domus Aurea (Golden House), Maxentius on Palatine, 838 fortiﬁcations/walls, 9, 16, 20, 32 227–240, 230–232, 234, Nero (later known as Thermae Aurelian Walls, 802, 814, 815, 329 Alexandrianae), 226 837 Cenatio Rotunda (rotating Septimius Severus, 180 Servian Walls, 16, 17, 20, 128 dining room), 238, 239 Severan on Palatine, 801 gardens Esquiline Wing, 229, 232, 234 Titus, 308, 309 Horti Liciniani, 855 Octagon Suite, 230, 233, 235 Trajan, 309, 336, 337 Horti Sallustiani, 315, 385 Domus Palatina, 315, 319 college of athletes from Asia nymphaeum-triclinium, 388 Area Palatina, 318 Minor, 642 gates basilica, 318 Trajanus Decius on Aventine, 816 Porta Appia, 815 Domitianic vestibule and bridges Porta Maggiore, 30, 159, 222, 223 ramp, 318 Pons Aelius (Ponte Porta Ostiense (Porta San Domus Augustana, 178, 317, Sant’Angelo), 155 Paolo), 815 321, 325–326, 332 Pons Aemilius (‘Ponte Rotto’), Horologium Augusti (so-called), Pelta Court, 324, 326 27, 86, 153 206, 212 Domus Flavia, 178, 228, Pons Agrippae, 213 latrine on Clivus Argentarius, 190 317–318, 323, 801 Pons Milvio, 813 libraries Aula Regia (throne room), Pons Neronianus, 226 Apollo Palatinus, 202 318, 378, 743 Pons Subiacus, 151 Baths of Caracalla, 803 Cenatio Iovis (triclinium), 321 Pons Sublicius, 27 Baths of Trajan, 336 Domus Severiana, 801 Castra Praetoria, 217 Forum of Peace, 295 Garden Stadium, 327–328, 331 circuses Ulpian, 341, 342, 691–692 Rabirius’ genius, 328–333 Gaius, 217 Ludus Magnus, 310 Severan and Maxentian Maximus, 28, 318, 324, 327, 333, Macellum Magnum, 226 additions, 317, 801–803, 335, 403 Marble Plan (Forma Urbis Romae), 838, 802, 838 Nero, 226 23–24, 92, 116, 219, 244, Domus Regia (Royal House), 15, Varianus, 802 295, 809 15 Cloaca Maxima, 16, 112, 113 Markets of Trajan, 145, 343 Domus Tiberiana, 217, 316, 317 Colossus of Nero, 228, 297, 351 Aula dei Mercati, 347–351, 350 Domus Transitoria, 227, columns hemicycle, 343–347, 344–348 228–229, 231, 317 Antoninus Pius, 403 Via Biberatica, 344, 347 House of Augustus on the Marcus Aurelius, 403 Minerva Medica garden pavilion in Palatine, 202, 202 Phocas, 25 Horti Liciniani, 141, 855, hut of Romulus, 9, 244, 247 seven-column monument in 857 Palatine House 1, 249 Forum Romanum, 813 Naumachia Augusti, 212–213 Sessorium Palace (villa ad Spem Trajan, 338–339, 341 Navalia, 23 Veterem), 802, 803

894

Index

Rome (cont.) Hercules Victor (Round Mausoleum of Augustus, 206, Villa of Gordians (Tor di Schiavi) Temple) in Forum 210, 215, 371, 735 near Rome, 841, 844 Boarium, 89, 94, 129 Mausoleum of Constantia (Santa Villa of Herodes Atticus and Isis and Serapis sanctuary, 217, Costanza) and funerary Annia Regilla on Via 219 basilica, 851, 854 Appia near Rome, 840 Janus Quadrifons, 314 Mausoleum of Hadrian, 370, Villa of Maxentius, 839, 839 Jupiter Capitolinus, 12, 16–17, 82, 370, 372–373 circus and tribunal, 139, 82–83, 131, 294, 310 Mausoleum of Helena and 839–840 Jupiter Stator, 13, 87, 92, 129 funerary basilica, 850, Mausoleum (Rotunda) of Jupiter Ultor, 802 853 Maxentius and family), Magna Mater-Cybele, 178, 201 Tor Pignattura, 141 839, 840–841, 842 Mars Ultor in Forum of Trebius Justus, 135 Villa of Sette Bassi, 139 Augustus, 203, 205 Ustrinum, Julio-Claudian, 206 rostra, 19 Minerva in Forum Transitorium Romuliana (Garmzigrad) Rostra Julia, 25, 195, 813 (of Nerva), 313 Galerian mausolea, 836 Rostra, Republican, 574 Pantheon, 139, 213, 216, 355, 357, Romulus, 4–5, 15–16 Saepta Julia, 187, 194 360–362, 365, 367–368, Rusellae, 9 Septizodium, 806, 808 645, 735 residences, 12 Stagnum, 170, 213 Peace in Forum of Peace walls, 9 streets (Templum Pacis), 295, Argiletum, 313 587, 809 Sabratha Clivus Argentarius, 190 Portunus (Fortuna Virilis) in theater, 522, 527 Clivus Palatinus, 318, 801 Forum Boarium, 88, 92 Sagalassus, Pisidia, 2, 621, 627 Clivus Victoriae, 178, 202, 318 Saturn, 18, 25, 195, 197 agoras Sacra Via, 228, 295, 353–354, 401, Serapis, 404 Lower Agora, 621, 621 810, 842 Syrian Sol Invictus on the Upper Agora, 621, 621 Via Biberatica. See Markets of Palatine, 801–802 arches/gates Trajan Templum Divorum (Porticus Caligula, 669 Vicus Iugarius, 86 Divorum), 219, 311 Claudius, 669 Tabularium, 23, 25, 128, 294 Venus and Roma, 123, 178, 351, Tiberian Gate, 669 temples 353, 353, 404, 838 bath-gymnasium, 689 Apollo Palatinus, 202, 210, 242 Venus Genetrix in Forum of bouleterion, 621 Apollo Sossianus, 204 Caesar, 188, 191–192, 335 colonnaded street, 636 Area Sacra of Largo Argentina, Venus Victrix, 25, 30 heroon, 621, 640, 640 87, 88 Vesta in the Forum Romanum, 18 Library of Neon, 692 Area Sacra of St. Omobono, 86 Victoria on the Palatine, 178, 201 Lower Agora, 621 temple of Mater Matuta, 86 theaters market (macellum), 621, 666 Castor and Pollux, 23, 197, 199, Marcellus, 141, 187, 194 nymphaeum 204, 217–218 Pompey, 27, 96, 139 Antonine, 621, 627, 628 Concord, 19, 196, 198, 217 Scaurus (temporary), 133, 212 Hadrianic, 627 Deified Augustus, 217 Scribonius Curio, 27, 28 residential zone, 702 Deified Claudius (Claudianum), temporary, 27 temple, Antonine (Hadrianic), 621, 224, 224, 229, 295 tombs, 30 636 Deified Faustina and Antoninus Annia Regilla (cenotaph), 144, theater, 681 Pius, 399, 401, 402 145, 431 Saint Simeon Stylites Cathedral and Deified Hadrian (Hadrianeum), Caecilia Metella, 30, 124, 129, 132, Monastery, near Aleppo, 399, 400 206 794 Deified Julius Caesar, 197 Cestius, 30 Saint-Romain-en-Gal Deified Romulus (Penates?), Eurysaces (Baker’s Tomb), 30, 31 House of the Ocean Gods, 258 842, 846 Haterii, 117 Sanctuary baths Deified Trajan and Plotina in Mausoleum (Rotunda) of Greece, 563 Trajan’s Forum, 336, 343, Maxentius and family, Sardis 353, 360 141, 839–840, 842 arch/gate, 605 Deified Vespasian, 310, 311 Mausoleum (Rotunda) of the Bath-Gymnasium, 182, 608, 610–611, Diana on the Aventine, 16, 33 Gordians (Tor di 614, 687, 689 Hercules near Circus Maximus, 22 Schiavi), 841 Marble Court, 689, 689, 691

895

Index

Sardis (cont.) Center City Baths, 662 forum complex, 421 colonnaded street (Marble colonnaded streets, 619, 650, 679, 701 sacred plaza, 422 Avenue), 697 commercial agora with tholos, 659, temple to Imperial cult, 422 houses south of Marble Avenue, 661 theater, 456 697, 699 mausoleum in West Necropolis, 647 tomb tower of the Scipios, 432, 438 model Roman bath for NOVA nymphaeum, 806 Termessus, Pisidia (WGBH TV), 127, 359 public latrine, 662 bath-gymnasium, 603, 604 stadium and theater, 682 residences Large Corinthian Temple (N1), Temple of Artemis, 181, 644, 651, 778 R1 and R2, 701, 702 637, 644 ‘Talking column’, 645 temples theater, 677, 681 Sbeitla (Sufetula), Tunisia, 539 Dionysus by the theater, 650 Terracina (ancient Tarracina), 148, Capitoline temples, 539, 540 half round (temple P), 650 149, 412 forum, 539, 540 N1 (Apollo?), 650, 657 forum, 413, 414 scaenae frons, 27, 451, 522, 590, 673, 679, N2 (Athena?), 650 Sanctuary of Jupiter Anxur (Venus 689, 748, 761, 835 Tyche, 662 Osequens?), 98, 100, 178, Sebaste (Samaria) theater, 679 413 fortiﬁcations, 728 tombs theater, 454 sebasteion (kaiserion, caesareum), 488 mausoleum precinct in West Trajanic road cut, 334 Sebastos harbor. See Caesarea Necropolis, 647 Tetrarchy, 812 Maritima temple-tomb, 604 Thenae, Tunisia Second Sophistic, 600, See Aristides, Simena, Lycia Small Baths, 548 Aelius theater, 681, 682 Thessaloniki (Salonica), 833 Segovia sine postico temple type, 19, 25, 83, 87–88, colonnaded street, 833 aqueduct, 161, 410 196, 404, 520 hippodrome, 835 Selge, 625, 633 siphons. See aqueducts Palace of Galerius, 833, 835 arched gate, 625 Smyrna (Izmir) Rotunda (Mausoleum of baths, 625 Antonine agora and basilica, 605, Galerius), 835, 836 large public bath, 625 605, 656 Tetrapylon of Galerius, 833 colonnaded street, 625, 667 Sparta Thuburbo Majus, Tunisia market hall (multi-storied stoa), Gymnasium of Eurycles, 560 Capitolium, 537, 539 667 Split (Spalato) Tiberius (city), Israel nymphaeum, 625 Diocletian’s Palace, 817, 818, 824 South Gate, 719 residences, 626, 702 administrative units, 819 Tiberius, 120, 178, 193, 217, 285, 713, 765 stadium and theater, 636, 682 aqueduct, 818 Tiddis (Castellum Tidditanorum), Stoa Plageia, 667 baths, 821 Algeria temples colonnaded street, 824 cistern and baths, 159 Ionic peripteros temple, 625 mausoleum, 819 Timgad (Thamugadi), Algeria, 257, podium temple, 625 Peristyle, 820, 825 496–497, 501 Tyche, 667 Porta Aurea, 818, 821 Arch of Trajan (West Gate) and Zeus? on acropolis (Kespedion), Residence, 819 decumanus, 506, 506 625 Temple of Jupiter, 819, 819 baths theater, 625, 636 textile center (gynaecium), 819 Large East, 506 Upper Agora, 625, 635, 667 tholoses, 819 Large North (thermae), 505 Septimius Severus, 178, 358, 525, 800 Stabiae, 173 Large South, 505 Serdjilla, Syria, 261, 793 Stanhope, Lady Hester, 775 Small Central, 505 baths, 726, 793 Strata Diocletiana frontier, 711 Capitolium, 498 inn, 731, 793 Stratonicea, Caria curia, 499 residences, 791, 794 Augustan cult temple, 635 forum and basilica, 499, 502 Servius Tullius, 16 Susa (Segusium) library, 501 Shahba (Philippopolis), 763, 764 arch, 435, 442 markets kalybe, 763 East, 501 Si (Seia), Syria Tarquinius Superbus, 8 Sertius, 498 Sanctuary of Ba’alshamin and Tarraco (Tarragona), 421, 421 residences, 498 Dushara, 750, 757 Arch of Bara in periphery, 438, 445 Temple of the City Cult, 507 Side, Pamphylia, 619 circus, 421 theater, 497, 502 Building M, 696 cryptoporticus, 421 Titus, 149, 295, 308

896

Index

Tivoli gates Lixus, Morocco, 290, 290 Hadrian’s Villa. See villas: Hadrian Porta dei Borsari, 448 Lockleys, 275 at Tivoli Porta dei Leoni, 448 Mayen, 274, 274 Sanctuary of Hercules Victor, 99, theater terrace complex, 454, 458 Montmaurin, 827, 827 104, 178 Verulamium (St. Albans) Nennig, 274, 276 Temple of Vesta, 90, 96 theater, 456, 459 Oplontis Villa Poppea, Tlos, Lycia, 690 Vespasian, 294, 308, 315, 414, 423, 496, 279 Large Baths, 690 567 Piazza Armerina, 825, 826 Trajan, 167, 173, 181, 333 Vetera (near Xanten) Primaporta, 203 Tralles, Caria ludus or earth amphitheater, 460 Punta dell’Epitafﬁo (Claudian) Üç Göz Bath-Gymnasium, 611 Vibius Salutarius, procession in near Baiae, 285, 289 Trier (Augusta Treverorum), 828, 828 Ephesus, 602 San Marco at Stabiae, 279 Albachtal Sanctuary nearby, 429 villas (excluding those near Rome) Setteﬁnestre near Cosa, 270, 272 amphitheater, 828 Blankenheim, 274, 275 Stahl, 274 baths Contrada Mirabile, Sicily, 275 Subiaco east of Tivoli, 288 Barbara, 828 dell’Odeon near Silin (Lepcis Tabarka porticus villa, 273 Imperial (Kaiserthermen), 829, Magna area), 283 Tiberius at Sperlonga, 285, 287 833, 834 Desenzano, Lake Garda, 827 Torre Astura, 278 Igel Monument nearby, 432, 439 Dominus Julius and wife near Tuscan villa of Pliny, 285 palace, 829 Carthage, 274 Val Catena on Brijuni Island, Basilica Aula Palatina, 123, 152, Domitian at Castelgondolfo near Dalmatia, 281, 284 320, 829, 831 Albano, 289, 329 Via Gabina, 269, 270 Porta Nigra (North Gate), 828, 829 du Magny near Port-sur-Saône, 270 Villa Arianna near Stabiae, 231 walls, 828 Fishbourne, 281, 283 Vindonissa, Switzerland Trophy of the Alps. See La Turbie Frocester Court, 275 castrum baths, 474 tunnels Gadebridge Park, 274, 274 Volubilis, Morocco, 259, 515, 519 Crypta Neapolitana at Puteoli, 149 Hadrian at Tivoli, 139, 373, 375 Arch of Caracalla, 517 Seleucia near Antioch-on-the- baths Capitolium, 517 Orontes, 149 Large, 379, 380 colonnaded streets, 515 under Serapeum (Kizil Avlu), Small, 379, 381 forum, 517 Pergamon, 609 Canopus, 381, 386 residences, 515 Turin (Augusta Taurinorum) Court of the Doric Pillars, 377, House of Gordian III, 517 Porta Palatina, 447, 450 377 House of the Venus Mosaic, cryptoporticus, 379, 415 259, 261, 517 Umm el Jemal, Jordan Garden Stadium, 380, 384 houses, 261, 787, 789 grotto pavilion (Serapeum), 383, Xanten (Colonia Ulpia Traiana) urban armatures, 511, 619, 668, 713, 775 387 amphitheater, 460 Island Enclosure, 395, 397, 735, Xanthos, Lycia Vaison-la-Romaine 739 Northeast House, 702 residences Piazza d’Oro, 389, 391, 393 House of the Dolphin, 258, 260 Poikele, 378 Zaghouan, Tunisia, 552–553 House of the Silver Bust, Residence, 376 aqueduct, 164 257–258, 260 tholos temple, 376 water sanctuary (nymphaeum), 164, Velleia, 414, 417 Tri-lobed Triclinium, 379, 383 551–553, 552 forum and basilica, 414 Vestibule, 378 Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra, 773, Verona, 170 Jovis on Capri, 158, 217, 285, 287 812 amphitheater, 464 Köln-Mu˝ngersdorf, 274 Zeugma, Turkey, 599, 628

897