Land at North-East Brackla Bridgend Archaeological Evaluation

Land at North-East Brackla Bridgend

Archaeological Evaluation

for Lambert Smith Hampton on behalf of South Wales Land Developments Limited

CA Project: 4366 CA Report: 13424

June 2013

Land at North-East Brackla Bridgend

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 4366 CA Report: 13424

prepared by Steven Sheldon, Project Officer

date 28 June 2013

checked by Richard Young, Project Manager

date 1 July 2013

approved by Mark Collard

signed

date 2 July 2013

issue 01

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Building 11 Unit 4 Office 49 Kemble Enterprise Park Cromwell Business Centre Basepoint Business Centre Kemble, Cirencester Howard Way, Newport Pagnell Caxton Close, Andover Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ MK16 9QS Hampshire, SP10 3FG t. 01285 771022 t. 01908 218320 t. 01264 326549 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected]

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Archaeological Evaluation

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 4

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5

The site ...... 5 Archaeological background ...... 6 Archaeological objectives ...... 7 Methodology...... 7

2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-3) ...... 8

The finds ...... 9

3. DISCUSSION ...... 10

4. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 11

5. REFERENCES ...... 11

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 13 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 15

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:2000) Fig. 3 Trenches 5, 6 and 12: sections and photographs

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Archaeological Evaluation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Land at North-East Brackla Location: Bridgend NGR: SS 9240 1810 Type: Evaluation Date: 17-20 June 2013 Planning Reference: P/13/246/OUT Location of Archive: To be deposited with National Museum Wales Site Code: NEB 13

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in June 2013 at Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend. Nineteen trenches were excavated.

The evaluation identified a small number of archaeological features within the proposed development area. These features were confined to the northern-eastern and western parts of the site.

A narrow, shallow ditch/gully, possibly relating to land management or division was identified in the north-eastern corner of the site. A single worked flint knife or unfinished arrowhead of Later Neolithic/Early Bronze Age date was recovered from the fill of this ditch and it is possible that it represents a continuation of prehistoric activity previously identified to the north of the current site during the construction of the Coity Bypass. However, the possibility that this flint is residual should not be overlooked. No evidence of further prehistoric activity was exposed by the current evaluation.

Evidence of medieval quarrying quarry was identified towards the north-eastern corner of the site where sherds of 12th to 14th-century pottery were recovered from a probable quarry pit.

Post-medieval/modern features were limited to the western part of site where quantities of late 18th to 19th-century pottery were recovered from the fill of a former field boundary ditch.

Evidence of modern truncation and/or dumping was identified in the eastern and central parts of the site.

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In June 2013 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Lambert Smith Hampton on behalf of South Wales Land Developments Limited on Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend (centred on NGR: SS 9240 1810; Fig. 1). A planning application (ref: P/13/246/OUT) for mixed use development of the site has been made to Bridgend County Borough Council (BCBC). Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT) Curatorial, the archaeological advisor to BCBC have recommended that an archaeological evaluation be undertaken prior to determination of the application.

1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a Brief prepared by Judith Doyle of GGAT Curatorial, along with a subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2013) and approved by Neil Maylan of GGAT Curatorial. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for archaeological field evaluation (IfA 2009), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English Heritage 1991), the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (English Heritage 2006) and any other relevant standards or guidance contained within Appendix B. It was monitored by Mr Maylan, including a site visit on 19 June 2013.

The site 1.3 The proposed development area encloses an area of approximately 7.4ha and comprises a number of fields currently used as rough pasture. An area of hard- standing, currently used as a storage area for nearby industrial units, is located towards the centre of the site. The site is bounded to the north and east by the Coity Bypass and to the south and west by the Brackla Industrial Estate (Fig. 2). The south-eastern limits of the site lie at approximately 60m AOD with the ground level sloping down to 52m AOD along its north-western margins.

1.4 The underlying solid geology of the area is mapped as the interface between the Mary's Well Bay Member Interbedded Limestone and Mudstone of the Jurassic and Triassic Periods to the west and the Penarth Group (Marginal Facies) Mudstone of the Triassic Period to the east (BGS 2013). The natural substrate identified in the majority of excavated trenches comprised horizontally bedded, weathered and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix. Compact grey yellow clay with occasional patches of sand and gravel was identified in Trenches 4, 5, 6, 7 and 13.

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Archaeological Evaluation

Archaeological background 1.5 The main archaeological and historical site noted in the vicinity is Coity Castle with the accompanying St Mary’s Church and settlement approximately 0.3km north-east of the application area; the castle was the administrative centre of the lordship of Coity, and dates from the early 12th century, the church is mentioned in documentation of the mid 13th century. The castle is known to have been strengthened and enlarged and that a significant siege was made during the Owain Glyndwr troubles in the early 15th century.

1.6 Evidence of earlier human activity in the Coity area has been recovered from the land to the north and west of the site during archaeological work in advance of the construction of the Coity Bypass.

1.7 Two groups of human cremations of Bronze Age date were recovered, these included cremated human remains with some burials in pottery urns, and some cremations deposited into the ground; these appear to be concentrated at the eastern end of a low ridge, although excavations along the line of the Coity Bypass identified Bronze Age funerary remains to the immediate north of the site. This included an associated patch of charcoal (one dated by radiocarbon to the Early Bronze Age) located around a large stone, and a separate group of three charcoal- rich pits, two containing human bone (GGAT HER Primary Record Numbers (PRN) 06267, 06272m and 06278m).

1.8 There is no indication of the extent of these and clearly further burials are possible within the proposed development area: it is also considered likely that remains of settlement of Bronze Age date may also be located in the area.

1.9 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in August and September 2011 immediately to the north of the current site (Fig. 2). The area evaluated contained a post-medieval limekiln (PRN 05036m), which is shown on the 1877 Ordnance Survey map. However, this was not identified during the evaluation (CA 2011). The limekiln may be associated with a possible disused quarry (PRN 05048m) located a short distance to the north-east of it. Site investigations, including trial pits, boreholes and geophysical survey, were carried out in 2010 by Terra Firma (2010) which identified a considerable depth (up to 1.8m) of made ground in this area. The undisturbed parts of the area appeared to have been pasture for some

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Archaeological Evaluation

time and some sherds of abraded medieval pottery were recovered during the fieldwork.

Archaeological objectives 1.10 The objectives of the evaluation were to provide information about the archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality. In accordance with the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2009), the evaluation was designed to be minimally intrusive and minimally destructive to archaeological remains. The information gathered will enable Bridgend County Borough Council to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the development proposal.

Methodology 1.11 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 19 trenches, each measuring 20m in length and 1.8m in width, in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). Following on-site discussions with Neil Maylan it was agreed that the excavation of Trench 8 was unnecessary as nearby Trenches 9, 10 and 11 all exhibited evidence of substantial modern truncation. Trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual (2012).

1.12 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).

1.13 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites (2003). No deposits were identified that required sampling. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation (1995).

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1.14 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will be deposited with National Museum Wales, along with the site archive.

2. RESULTS (FIGS 2-3)

2.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts are to be found in Appendix A.

2.2 The natural substrate identified in the majority of excavated trenches comprised horizontally bedded, weathered and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix. Compact grey yellow clay with occasional patches of sand and gravel was identified in Trenches 4, 5, 6, 7 and 13. In Trenches 12, 13, 16 and 17 the natural substrate was directly overlain by modern topsoil measuring between 0.11m and 0.21m in thickness. In Trenches 1-7 and 14 the natural substrate was overlain by between 0.05m and 0.34m of subsoil which was itself overlain by modern topsoil. In Trenches 15, 18, 19 and 20 the natural substrate was overlain by similar sequences of mixed dumped deposits containing modern brick fragments, plastic and iron. The lack of the original topsoil suggested it had been stripped in the location of these trenches prior to the dumping of this material. In Trenches 9, 10 and 11 the natural substrate appeared to have been truncated to expose the underlying limestone bedrock. This was overlain by a broadly comparable sequence of modern dumped deposits containing concrete and tarmac fragments which was in turn overlain by a concrete yard surface.

2.3 Linear feature 1506 was exposed in Trench 15. This was subsequently investigated and determined to be of geological origin due to its irregular nature, sterile clay fill and highly diffuse edges. Undated tree throw pit 1904 was partially exposed in Trench 19. It was irregular in plan and profile and exhibited evidence of probable root disturbance to its sides and base.

2.4 No features or deposits of archaeological significance were identified within Trenches 1, 3, 4, 7, 9-11, 13, 14, 16-18 and 20.

Trench 2 (Fig. 2) 2.5 Narrow, shallow ditch 204 was identified towards the south-western end of the trench. It was aligned north-east/south-west, had a shallow irregular profile and contained single fill 205 from which two sherds of late 18th to 19th-century pottery

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Archaeological Evaluation

and a metal object were recovered. The truncated remains of earthen bank 203 were identified immediately to the north-east of ditch 204. The bank was also aligned north-east/south-west and probably formed part of a former field boundary with ditch 204.

Trench 5 (Fig. 2) 2.6 North-west/south-east orientated ditch/gully 503 was located towards the south- eastern end of the trench. It had a steep, flat-based profile and contained a single undated fill 504. It appears likely that this ditch represents a continuation of ditch 603 identified in Trench 6.

Trench 6 (Figs 2 & 3) 2.7 Narrow ditch/gully 603 was identified towards the south-eastern end of the trench. It had a steep flat-based profile and contained a single fill, 604, from which a broken flint knife or unfinished arrowhead of Later Neolithic/Early Bronze Age date was recovered. However due to the isolated nature of this find, the possibility that it is residual should not be overlooked. It appears likely that this ditch represents a continuation of ditch 503 identified in Trench 5.

Trench 12 (Figs 2 & 3) 2.8 Large, shallow, pit 1202 was partially uncovered towards the centre of the trench. It contained single fill 1203 from which two sherds of 12th to 14th-century pottery were recovered. The pit was cut into an area of exposed bedrock and was still visible in the field as a large, shallow depression. The size and location of this pit suggests that it represents evidence of former quarrying activity.

The finds 2.9 Quantities of artefactual material including pottery, metal and worked flint were recovered from six deposits (Appendix B).

2.10 Five sherds of post-medieval pottery and an iron object were recovered from ditch fill 205. The pottery recovered all dated to the late 18th or 19th century and consisted of three rim sherds from a jug in internally-glazed earthenware, a small rim sherd in refined whiteware and a bodysherd in glazed earthenware. The function and age of the iron object could not be established.

2.11 Ditch/gully fill 604 produced one bifacially retouched flint, which appears to represent a knife fragment or an incomplete arrowhead. The typology of this item

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Archaeological Evaluation

would typically date it to the Later Neolithic/Early Bronze Age; however, it may be residual.

2.12 Two sherds of medieval pottery were recovered from pit fill 1203. Both were unfeatured bodysherds in unglazed coarseware and date to the 12th to 14th- centuries.

3. DISCUSSION

3.1 The evaluation has identified a small number of archaeological features within the proposed development area. These features were confined to Trenches 2, 5, 6 and 12.

3.2 Ditch 603, located in Trench 6 appears to represent a continuation of ditch 503 identified in Trench 5. The exact function of the ditch remains unclear, although it may relate to land management or division. A single broken flint knife or unfinished arrowhead of Later Neolithic/Early Bronze Age date was recovered from the fill of this ditch and it is therefore possible that it represents a continuation of prehistoric activity previously identified to the north of the current site (see Archaeological Background above). However, the possibility that this flint is residual should not be overlooked.

3.3 Despite the close proximity of Bronze Age cremation burials, identified to the north of the site during construction of the Coity Bypass (see Archaeological Background above), no evidence of further prehistoric activity was exposed by the current evaluation.

3.4 Medieval activity was confined to Trench 12 where quantities of 12th to 14th-century pottery were recovered from the fill of pit 1202. The size, form and location of this pit, in an area of partially-exposed limestone bedrock, strongly suggest that it represents part of the wider post-medieval/modern quarrying activity known to have taken place in the local area (see Archaeological Background above).

3.5 Pottery of late 18th to 19th-century date was recovered from the fill of ditch 204 located in Trench 2. This ditch, along with associated bank 203, appears to correspond to a field boundary depicted on the on the 1877 First Edition Ordnance Survey map. The boundary appears to have been removed within the current

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Archaeological Evaluation

evaluation area shortly after this as it is not depicted on subsequent editions of the OS map. The boundary does however continue to survive, and was observed during the evaluation, as an extant hedge and bank in a field immediately to the east of Trench 2.

3.6 The lack of in situ soils and the presence of demonstrably modern dumped deposits in Trenches 15 and 18-20 suggests that the ground had been previously stripped, presumably during the construction of the adjacent Coity Bypass, which would have truncated any archaeological deposits in this part of the site had they existed. Further evidence of modern truncation, seemingly associated with the construction of a modern concrete yard surface, was identified in Trenches 9, 10 and 11.

4. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Steven Sheldon, assisted by Peter Busby, Noel Boothroyd and Sikko van der Brug. The report was written by Steven Sheldon. The illustrations were prepared by Pete Moore. The archive has been compiled by Steven Sheldon, and prepared for deposition by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Richard Young.

5. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2013 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 25 June 2013

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2011 Land adjacent to Coity Bypass, Brackla, Bridgend County Borough: Archaeological Evaluation, CA Report No. 11221.

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2013 Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation.

GGAT 2012 Brief for Archaeological Evaluation Land at Brackla, Bridgend. GGAT Report No. BRI0224/1/2012/006/JBHD.

11 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Archaeological Evaluation

Terra Firma (Wales) Limited 2010 Geo-technical and Geo-environmental Ground Investigation report, Proposed Residential Development, Brackla, Bridgend.

12 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Conte Type Fill of Context Description L W Depth Spot- No. xt No. interpretation (m) (m) /thick date ness (m) 1 100 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.13 1 101 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.17 1 102 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.2 and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix 2 201 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.15 2 202 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.13 2 203 Depos Bank Re-deposited limestone and >1.8 5 0.2 i yellow grey clay, occasional t charcoal flecks throughout 2 204 Cut Ditch NE/SW ditch >1.8 1.5 0.17 2 205 Fill 204 Fill Single fill of ditch 204 >1.8 1.5 0.17 LC18- C19 2 206 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.42 and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix 3 301 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.1 3 302 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.17 3 303 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.05 and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix 4 401 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.22 4 402 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.23 4 403 Layer Natural substrate Compact grey yellow clay with >20 >1.8 >0.05 occasional patches of sand and gravel 5 500 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.16 5 501 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.34 5 502 Layer Natural substrate Compact grey yellow clay with >20 >1.8 >0.1 occasional patches of sand and gravel 5 503 Cut Ditch/gully NW/SE ditch/gully >1.9 0.46 0.25 5 504 Fill 503 Fill Single fill of ditch/gully 503 >1.9 0.46 0.25 6 600 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.15 6 601 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.25 6 602 Layer Natural substrate Compact grey yellow clay with >20 >1.8 >0.4 occasional patches of sand and gravel 6 603 Cut Ditch/gully NW/SE ditch/gully >2 0.47 0.21 6 604 Fill 603 Fill Single fill of ditch/gully 603 >2 0.47 0.21 LNeo- EBA 7 701 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.1 7 702 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.18 7 703 Layer Natural substrate Compact grey yellow clay with >20 >1.8 >025 occasional patches of sand and gravel 9 901 Layer Surface Concrete yard surface >20 >1.8 0.35 9 902 Layer Modern make-up Re-deposited limestone and clay >20 >1.8 0.9 layer natural with frequent red brick, tarmac and concrete inclusions 9 903 Layer Natural substrate Truncated, horizontally bedded >20 >1.8 >0.3 limestone bedrock 10 1001 Layer Surface Concrete yard surface >20 >1.8 0.25 10 1002 Layer Modern make-up Re-deposited limestone and clay >20 >1.8 1.2 layer natural with frequent red brick, , metal, tarmac and concrete inclusions 10 1003 Layer Modern make-up Limestone, tarmac and concrete >20 >1.8 0.2 layer fragments within a grey clay matrix 10 1004 Layer Natural substrate Truncated, horizontally bedded >20 >1.8 >0.1

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limestone bedrock 11 1101 Layer Modern make-up Concrete yard surface >20 >1.8 0.3 layer 11 1102 Layer Modern make-up Re-deposited limestone and clay >20 >1.8 1.1 layer natural with frequent red brick, tarmac and concrete inclusions 11 1103 Layer Natural substrate Truncated, horizontally bedded >20 >1.8 >0.2 limestone bedrock 12 1200 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.3 12 1201 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.4 and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix 12 1202 Cut Quarry pit Quarry pit 5 >1.8 0.64 12 1203 Fill 1202 Fill Single fill of quarry pit 1202 5 >1.8 0.64 C12-C14 13 1300 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.21 13 1302 Layer Natural substrate Compact grey yellow clay with >20 >1.8 >0.11 occasional patches of sand and gravel 14 1400 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.23 14 1401 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.21 14 1402 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.8 and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix 15 1501 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay with >20 >1.8 0.12 frequent modern inclusions 15 1502 Layer Modern make-up Mid grey brown sand clay with >20 >1.8 0.12 layer frequent metal and red brick inclusions 15 1503 Layer Modern make-up Compact gravel, sand and >20 >1.8 0.08 layer concrete 15 1504 Layer Modern make-up Dark brown silt clay with frequent >20 >1.8 0.51 layer tarmac, red brick and metal inclusions 15 1505 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.2 and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix 15 1506 Cut Geological feature Linear channel/change in natural >1.8 1.32 0.75 substrate, irregular with diffuse edges. 15 1507 Fill 1506 Fill Sterile mid orange brown clay, >1.8 1.32 0.75 single fill of geological feature 1506 16 1600 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.18 16 1601 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.5 and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix 17 1700 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay >20 >1.8 0.11 17 1701 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.4 and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix 18 1800 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay with >20 >1.8 0.3 frequent modern inclusions 18 1801 Layer Modern make-up Dark grey brown clay sand with >20 >1.8 0.25 layer frequent tarmac, concrete, metal, plastic and glass inclusions 18 1802 Layer Modern make-up Mid grey sand clay with abundant >20 >1.8 0.15 layer modern inclusions including tarmac, metal and plastic 18 1803 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.15 and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix 19 1900 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay with >20 >1.8 0.28 frequent modern inclusions 19 1901 Layer Modern make-up Dark grey brown clay sand with >20 >1.8 0.14 layer frequent tarmac, concrete, metal, plastic and glass inclusions 19 1902 Layer Modern make-up Mid grey sand clay with abundant >20 >1.8 0.4 layer modern inclusions including tarmac, metal and plastic 19 1903 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.3

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and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix 20 2000 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown silt clay with >20 >1.8 0.22 frequent modern inclusions 20 2001 Layer Modern make-up Dark grey brown clay sand with >20 >1.8 0.37 layer frequent tarmac, concrete, metal, plastic and glass inclusions 20 2002 Layer Modern make-up Mid grey sand clay with abundant >20 >1.8 0.5 layer modern inclusions including tarmac, metal and plastic 20 2003 Layer Natural substrate Horizontally bedded, weathered >20 >1.8 >0.2 and rounded limestone in a yellow grey clay matrix

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Description Count Weight(g) Spot-date 205 Post-medieval/modern pottery: refined white ware; glazed 5 39 LC18-C19 earthenware Iron object 1 81 604 Worked flint: broken knife or unfinished arrowhead 1 3 Late Neo/ EBA 1203 Medieval pottery: unglazed coarseware 2 14 C12-C14

15 N Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend

Bridgend FIGURE TITLE Site location plan

0 1km

FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the 2011 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with PROJECT NO. 4366 DATE 26-6-2013 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller DRAWN BY PJM REVISION 00 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 1 Track

9225 3 SIMONSTON RD

52.4m

site

A evaluation trench ditch/gully 503 archaeological feature ditch/gully 603 ETL geological feature tree throw pit

geological site of previous evaluation feature (CA 2011) Brackla 1506 Industrial Estate bank 203 ditch 204

quarry pit 1202

54.3m tree throw pit 1904 CR

1810

57.3m ED Bdy

L Twr El Sub Sta

9 0 100m 13 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey Digital mapping with the permission of 11 46 Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office

L Twr 9

14 13

Track Cirencester 01285 771022

HEOL PENDERYN

WYNDHAM CLOSE 20 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 41 4 1 Andover 01264 326549 34 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk

20 e [email protected] Works ST NON'S CLOSE

Cairn (site of) 33 24

17 PROJECT TITLE

Conveyor 32 LLYS BRIALLEN Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend 1

FIGURE TITLE Trench location plan showing archaeological features

PROJECT NO. 4366 DATE 26-06-2013 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY PJM REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:2000 2 P:\4366 land at north-east brackla eval\Illustration\Drafts\4366 Land at NE Brackla Fig 2.dwg at NE Brackla Land brackla eval\Illustration\Drafts\4366 land at north-east P:\4366 Section AA

EW 59.5m AOD

504

ditch/gully 503

Section BB

SE NW 57.8m AOD

600

602

604

ditch/gully 603

Ditch/gully 603, looking north-west (scale 0.3m)

Section CC

W E 60.8m AOD 1200

1203

Cirencester 01285 771022 quarry pit Milton Keynes 01908 218320 1202 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at North-East Brackla, Bridgend 01m

Quarry pit 1202, looking north-west (scale 1m) FIGURE TITLE Trenches 5, 6 and 12: sections and photographs

PROJECT NO. 4366 DATE 26-6-2013 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY PJM REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:20 3