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There is no established threshold. those citizens living outside . in Europeandtheothertworepresent the Portuguese diasporalivingabroad Among deputies, two of them represent proportional representationsystem. deputies areelectedthroughaparty-list 230 seats to serve four-year terms. The ( where theAssemblyofRepublic has aunicamerallegislativesystem, isaparliamentaryrepublic.It Previous elections: 4 October 2015 6 October 2019 Legislative elections Portugal ticular political significance. other relevantterritorythatareofpar- held inautonomousentitiesorany includes referendaandthoseelections cum-Mediterranean order.Thelistalso independent states,presentedincir- elections thattookplacein2019 results ofpresidentialandlegislative This chapter provides details of the Observatory Electoral Mediterranean ) counts with Assembleia daRepública)countswith Turnout: 48.6% Socialist (PS) Party Parties Social (BE) (left wing) (left (BE) Bloc Left Unitary Democratic Coalition CDS-People’s Party People - Animals - Nature ( - (populism Chega Liberal Initiative () Livre (eco-) (social ) (PPD/PSD) () (PCP-PEV) (left wing) (left (PCP-PEV) democratic, conservatism) (CDS-PP) (christian (PAN) (single-issue) ) 36.35 27.77 9.52 6.34 4.22 3.32 1.29 1.29 1.09 % Seats 108 79 19 12 5 4 1 1 1 ed by the autonomous legislatures. four-seat constituenciesand 51 appoint- cated as follows: 208 directly electedin ber counts259seatsandtheyareallo- and a 3% threshold. The second cham- representation system,closed-partylists to thefirstchamberthroughproportional year terms.350membersaredesignated held torenewbothbodiesservefour- of Deputies and the . Electionsare Generales) composedoftheCongress a bicameral legislative system (Cortes isaparliamentarymonarchy. Ithas Previous elections: 26June 2016 28 April 2019 Legislative elections Spain Turnout: 71.76% Spanish Socialist Workers’ Parties People’s Party (PP) (PP) Party People’s Ciudadanos (C’s) United We Can - In Common Common -In We Can United (far right) VOX (far of for Catalonia Basque Nacionalist Party Basque Country Unite Unite Country Basque Canary Coalition Sum Navarre Sum Regionalist of Party democracy) (social (PSOE) Party (conservatism) () We Can (left wing) (left We Can independentist) -regional (ERC independentist) -regional (JxCat (Basque nationalism) (Basque (left wing -nationalism) wing (left () (NA+ conservatism) (PRC regionalism) 28.67 16.69 15.86 14.32 10.26 3.91 1.91 1.51 0.99 0.53 0.41 % 0.2 Seats 123 66 57 42 24 15 7 6 4 2 2 1 Senate Congress of Deputies Previous elections: 28April 2019 10 November 2019 Legislative elections Spanish Socialist Workers’ Parties Spanish Socialist Workers’ Parties Turnout: 71.32% People’s Party (PP) (PP) Party People’s People’s Party (PP) (PP) Party People’s Republican Left of VOX (far right) VOX (far Ciudadanos (C’s) United We Can - In Common Common -In We Can United Basque Nacionalist Party Ciudadanos (C’s) Together for Catalonia Republican Left of Sum Navarre Navarre Sum Together for Catalonia (JxCat Basque Country Unite Unite Country Basque Basque Nacionalist Party Gomera Socialist Group democracy) (social (PSOE) Party democracy) (social (PSOE) Party (conservatism) (conservatism) independentist) Catalonia (ERC - regional (conservative liberalism) We Can (left wing) (left We Can (conservative liberalism) independentist) -regional (JxCat independentist) Catalonia (ERC - regional (NA+ conservatism) - regional independentist) (left wing -nationalism) wing (left (Basque nationalism) (Basque (ASG) 53.01 28.00 27.44 20.81 15.08 12.86 4.89 3.76 3.76 6.80 2.26 3.63 1.13 2.19 0.75 1.56 0.38 % % Seats Seats 123 120 54 89 11 52 35 10 13 4 9 2 3 8 1 6 1

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 409 Mediterranean Electoral Observatory Appendices IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 410 Mediterranean Electoral Observatory Appendices on a nationalbasis. elected byproportionalrepresentation two-member constituencies, and 14 are 14 membersareelectedfromtheseven with 28 seats and allocatedas follows: ( has aunicamerallegislativesystem isaparliamentaryrepublic.It Previous elections: 1 March 2015 7 April 2019 Legislative elections Andorra Senate Consell GeneraldelesValls ) counting Turnout: 68.33% Turnout: 65.91% Spanish Socialist Workers’ Parties Turnout: 66.23% Unite Country Basque More Country (left wing) (left Country More People’s Party (PP) (PP) Party People’s Committed Citizens Union Way -Lauredian Third (LA) Andorra of Party Liberal Social-Democratic (PS) Party () Andorra for Popular Unity Popular Republican Left of Canary Coalition Basque Nacionalist Party Sum Navarre (NA + (NA Navarre Sum Together for Catalonia Galician Nationalist Bloc VOX (far right) VOX (far Regionalist of Party Cantabria Sum Navarre (NA+ (NA+ Navarre Sum Teruel Exists (¡!) Teruel Exists (¡Teruel Existe!) Basque Country Unite Unite Country Basque Gomera Socialist Group democracy) (social (PSOE) Party -nationalism) wing (left (conservatism) (CUP–PR, far left) far (CUP–PR, Rupture -For Candidacy independentist) Catalonia (ERC - regional (regionalism) conservatism) independentist) -regional (JxCat (BNG) (PRC regionalism) conservatism) (left wing- nationalism) (ASG) Parties

41.51 36.98 1.14 2.40 1.02 4.91 0.51 3.77 0.41 1.89 0.50 1.13 0.28 1.13 0.08 0.75 0.75 0.38 % Seats 93 83 11 5 3 2 2 9 2 3 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 serve five-year term. ity votethroughatwo-roundsystemto president is elected by absolute major- Croatia isaparliamentaryrepublic.The ond round) and11January2015(sec- (first round), Previous elections: 28 December 2014 05 January 2020 (second round) and 22 December2019(firstround), Presidential elections Croatia minorities. nian majority, andnothresholdforthe political partiesrepresentingtheAlba- ties. A5%thresholdisestablishedfor munity andanother10byotherminori- uties areelectedbytheSerbiancom serve four-year term. 10 of those dep portional representationsystemto seats electedthroughanopen-listpro- system (KuvendiiKosovës)with120 republic. It has a unicameral legislative Resolution 1244isaparliamentary Kosovo underUNSecurityCouncil Previous elections: 8 June 2014 11 June 2017 Legislative elections Council Resolution 1244 Kosovo underUNSecurity 10.42 12.48 30.62 35.13 Proportional Turnout: 51.18% (first round) and 54.99% (second round) Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic, Zoran Milanovi Candidates Miroslav Škoro, Škoro, Miroslav Dario Juri Mislav Kolakuši % democratic Party (conservatism) independent (HDZ) independent independent independent Seats č an, an, 2 2 5 6 ć ć , Social , Social , Constituencies Seats 2 2 2 2 5 round % 1st % 1st 29.55 26.65 24.45 4.61 5.88 Seats % 2nd % 2nd round Total 52.66 47.34 11 2 4 4 7 - - be organized. between thetwotopcandidateswould voters inafirstround,orsecondround support fromthemajorityofregistered lishes that a candidate must achieve five-year term.Theconstitutionestab- through a two-round system to serve elected by absolute majority voteis parliamentary republic.ThePresident The RepublicofNorthMacedoniaisa 2014 Previous elections:13and27April 2019 (second round) 21 April2019(firstround)and5May Presidential elections North Self-Determination Parties Turnout: 41.67% (1st round) and 46.65% (2nd round) Blerim Reka, Gordana Siljanovska- Stevo Pendarovski, Social Candidates Turnout: 44.59% Democratic League of of League Democratic Democratic of Party 100 % Kosovo ( for for (Alliance 100 %Kosovo Serbian List (SL) (Minority NISMA (SocialNISMA democracy) Vakat Coalition (Bosnian Turkish Democratic Party of of Party Democratic Turkish Other Parties Minority (nationalism) (LV) Movement (independent) (conservatism) (VMRO-DPMNE) Unity National Macedonian for Party Davkova, Democratic way) (, third (SDSM) Macedonia Democratic Union of conservatism) (LDK) Kosovo (liberalism) Kosovo (PDK) of Kosovo (PSD)) (PSD)) Kosovo of Social Democratic Party (conservatism);(AAK) Kosovo of Future the nationalism) interests, Serbian (conservatism) -PD (liberal) - AKR minority) Kosovo (Turkish minority) round % 1st % 1st 11.08 44.16 44.75 26.27 24.55 21.23 11.51 6.40 5.00 0.84 0.81 1.90 % % 2nd % 2nd round Seats 46.42 53.58 29 28 24 13 10 6 2 2 6 terms. Itisestablisheda2%threshold. representation system to serve four-year bers through a closed-list proportional tions arecalledtoelectthe120mem- Elec- unicameral legislature(). isaparliamentaryrepublicwith Previous elections: 17March 2015 9 April 2019 Legislative elections Israel established. seats. A 3% threshold is first partyinseatsisawarded50more nationwide constituencyfor 12seats.The cies for288seatsandonemulti-member a four-yearterm.Thereare56constituen- portional representationsystemtoserve Candidates areelectedthroughapro- ( unicameral legislature. The chamber isaparliamentaryrepublicwith Previous elections: 25 September 2015 7 July 2019 Legislative elections Greece Vouli tonEllinon)counts300members. Turnout: 68.41% (right wing) Parties Turnout: 57.91% (ND) Democracy New Parties Coalition of the Radical Radical the of Coalition & White (centrist, liberal) Movement for Change Change for Movement (religious, right wing) of of Party Communist (ultra - (ultra Solution Greek ; Taal (Israeli Arab Arab (Israeli Taal Hadash; Labor (social democracy) wing) (left MeRA25 (right wing) Union of Right-Wing Parties Parties Right-Wing of Union (social democracy, (centre-right) , Balad, Balad, List, Arab United (conservatism) Left () (SYRIZA) Left (PASOK: KIDISIO) Greece (KKE) (religious, right wing) nationalism) interests) (religious, right wing) left wing) left (Arab interests) 26.46 39.85 31.53 26.13 8.10 5.99 5.30 5.78 3.70 4.49 4.43 3.44 4.01 3.70 3.63 3.54 3.33 % % Seats Seats 158 35 86 35 22 15 10 8 8 6 6 9 5 5 4 4 4 Previous elections: 9 April 2019 17 September 2019 five-year term. Deputies areelected Nuwaab a-shaab It has a unicameral parliament (Majlis isasemi-presidentialrepublic. (Constituent Assembly) Previous elections: 26 October 2014 6 October 2019 Legislative elections Tunisia individuals.” people, andtherightsfreedomsof ian nature,andupholdthegainsof the basicpillarsofstateanditscivil- constitution anddemocracy, maintain that themilitaryshould“preserve role ofthemilitaryin government,tostate ers. Two amendmentsfurtherembedthe the publicprosecutorandjudiciallead- Judicial Authorities, which would appoint President head of the Higher Council for idents. Othermodificationsmakethe President’s ability to appointVice-Pres- in office.Otherchangesrestorethe allow himtostandforanadditionalterm es tolengthenel-Sisi’scurrenttermand four tosixyearsandarticle241chang- to lengthenthepresidentialtermfrom the constitution. Article 140 is amended acting President,proposingtoamend The referendum was promotedby the 14 January 2014 Referendum Turnout: 44.33% No Yes Options Turnout: 69.83% Blue & White (centrist, liberal) Parties Likud (right wing) (Arab parties) Shas (religious, right wing) Yisrael Beiteinu (right wing) United Torah Judaism (right wing) Labor-Gesher Democratic Union (religious, right wing) ) with 217 seats to serve ) with 217 seats to serve 25.95 25.10 10.60 7.44 6.99 6.06 5.87 4.80 4.34 % Seats 11.17 88.83 % 33 32 13 9 8 7 7 6 5 sentation system. There is no threshold. aclosed-listproportionalrepre- through tem to serve five-year term. majority votethroughatwo-roundsys- The Presidentiselectedbyabsolute (second round) and21December2014 (first round), Previous elections:23November2014 October 2019 (second round) 15 September2019(firstround)13 Presidential elections Ennahdha Renaissance Ennahdha Renaissance Parties Abdelkrim Zbidi Abdelfattah Mourou Nabil Karoui Candidates/Party 41.70% Turnout: Heart of Tunisia Tunisia of Heart Free Destourian Party People’s Movement (liberalism) Republican People’s Union Aïch Tounsi (Populism) Tunisian Alternative Tunisian Aspiration Call to Tunisia (NT) (NT) Tunisia to Call Machrouu Tounes (FP) (FP) Front Popular Democratic and Social (Salafism, (populism) Love of Current Socialist Destourian Party Farmers’ Voice Party Party Voice Farmers’ League Independent lists conservatism) (,Party (independent) () (Heart ofTunisia) (independent) (, populism) secularism) (bourguibism, (pan-arabism) (secularism, socialism) (néo-bourguibisme) (, liberalism) (secularism, liberalism) democracy) (secularism, social (bourguibism, secularism) (secularism, socialism) Union (VDS-PR-MDS) conservatism) (agrariarism) round % 1st % 1st 10.73 12.88 15.58 18.40 19.63 14.55 6.63 6.42 5.94 4.53 4.08 2.10 1.62 1.61 1.54 1.51 1.43 1.13 1.04 0.98 0.62 0.57 0.33 0.20 2.86 % % 2nd % 2nd round 27.29 72.71 Seats 52 38 17 22 21 15 14 12 3 1 3 2 3 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 1

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 411 Mediterranean Electoral Observatory Appendices IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 412 Mediterranean Electoral Observatory Appendices limit to two consecutive terms. the first round.There is a presidential dates achievedanabsolutemajorityin was notnecessaryasoneofthe candi- serve five-year term. A second round ity votethroughatwo-roundsystemto President iselectedbyabsolutemajor- isapresidential republic. The Previous elections: 21June 2014 22 June 2019 Presidential elections Mauritania dential term limit. serve five-yearterm.Thereisnopresi- ity votethroughatwo-roundsystemto President iselectedbyabsolutemajor- is a presidential republic. The Previous elections: 17April 2014 12 December 2019 Presidential elections Algeria Mohamed Ould Mouloud, Mouloud, Ould Mohamed Kane Hamidou Baba, Ould Mohamed Sidi Abeid, Dah Biram Ghazouani, Ould Mohamed Candidates Turnout: 39.88% Abdelaziz Belaïd Mihoubi Azzedine Ali Benflis Abdelkader Bengrina TebbouneAbdelmadjid Candidates (1 48.98% Turnout: Other candidates Lotfi Mraihi(Republican Safi Saïd Rally of Democratic Forces independent Boubacar, independent independent Populism) (centrism, (URP) Party Republic the for Union Front) Moustakbal (El (Democratic ) (Talaie El Houriyate) (El Binaa) (independent) People’s Union) (independent) (Long LiveTunisia) st round) and 55.02% (2 55.02% and round) 21.35 % 1st round % 1st 6.56 7.11 7.38 % 1st round % 1st nd round) 17.87 18.59 52.00 10.55 17.37 58.13 2.44 8.70 6.67 7.28 litical group: bold thecorrespondingEuropeanpo- every Europeancountryandhighlightin The followingtablesshowtheresultsin population within the EU. cific number of seatsaccording to its own electoral system and has a spe- year term. Each Member State sets its portional representationtoservefive- 751 membersthatareelectedbypro- The EuropeanParliamentcountswith 2014 Previous elections:22,23,24,25May 23–26 May 2019 elections (EU) Mohamed LemineMohamed Socialist (S&D) Party Parties Turnout: 50.62% Democrats) (EPP) People’s Party(Christian Group oftheEuropean Parties Turnout: 62.63% Social Democratic Party Parliament (S&D) Democrats intheEuropean Alliance ofSocialistsand Group oftheProgressive Left Bloc (GUE/NGL) Bloc Left (RE) Unitary Democratic Alliance (/EFA) /EuropeanFree CDS- People’s Party Party People’s CDS- Identity andDemocracy(ID) and Reformists(ECR) European Conservatives People-Animals-Nature (GUE/NGL) European UnitedLeft/Nordic any politicalgroup(NI) – Membersnotbelongingto Non-attached Members al-Mourtaji al-Wafial-Mourtaji LemineMohamed al-Wafi,al-Mourtaji (PSD) (EPP) NGL) (GUE/ Party Ecologist + Party Comunist (CDU) Coalition (CDS-PP) (EPP) (CDS-PP) (PAN) (G/EFA) Portugal. 21 seats. No threshold. threshold. No 21 seats. Portugal. Turnout: 30.73% 33.38 24.23 21.94 20.51 14.38 9.82 6.88 9.85 9.72 6.19 8.26 5.08 5.46 7.59 % % Seats Seats 0.40 182 154 108 74 73 62 41 57 9 6 2 2 1 1 League (ID) League Parties National Rally (ID) Rally National Parties People’s Party (PP) (EPP) (PP) Party People’s Parties Democratic Party – We Are –We Are Party Democratic La République En En République La Spanish Socialist Workers’ (M5S) (M5S) Movement Star Five – The Citizens–Party of the the of Citizens–Party (FI) (EPP) - The -The Republicans The United We Can Change Change We Can United Brothers of (FdI) (EPP) (FdI) Italy of Brothers La FranceLa insoumise VOX (ECR) VOX South Tyrolean People’s Socialist and Party allies Republics Now Now Republics Free for Europe (Junts per per (Junts Europe for Free Coalition for a Solidary aSolidary for Coalition (S&D) Europeans (PD–SE) MoDEM) (RE) (LREM- Movement - Democratic Party (PSOE) (S&D) (PSOE) Party (NI) Greens (G/EFA) Citizenry (Cs) (RE) Citizenry Centrists (EPP) EFA, 1) EFA, (GUE/NGL, 5) (Greens/ Europe (–IU) (GUE/NGL) Party (SVP) (EPP) (SVP) Party (S&D) EFA, 1) (NI, 1) 1)EFA, (NI, (GUE/NGL, 1) (Greens/ Nationalist Bloc (BNG)) Bildu); Galician (EH Gather Country Catalonia (ERC); Basque (Republican Left of Catalunya) (NI) PNC) (RE) Nationalist (CCa– Party Coalition–Canarian PNV), Canarian Nationalist (EAJ/ Party (Basque (CEUS) Europe . 74 seats. 5% threshold. threshold. 5% 74 seats. France. Spain. 54 seats. No threshold. threshold. No seats. 54 Spain. Italy. 73 seats. 4% threshold. threshold. 4% seats. 73 Italy. Turnout: 54.50% Turnout: 60.73% Turnout: 50.12% 34.26 23.34 26.09 22.74 22.42 23.01 17.06 13.48 12.18 10.07 8.78 8.48 6.44 6.31 7.98 0.53 6.19 5.58 4.54 2.82 % % % Seats Seats Seats 28 22 20 19 21 12 14 12 7 6 8 6 5 6 3 1 5 3 2 1 (PLM) (S&D) (PLM) Party Labour Parties Croatian Sovereignists (HS) Social Democratic of Party Croatian Democratic Union Parties Nationalist (PNM) Party (EPP) (EPP) Slovenia New List of Marjan Šarec (ALDE) Social Democrats (S&D) Slovenian Democratic Parties Mislav Kolakuši Human Shield (NI) Amsterdam Coalition (A) (RE) (ECR) (S&D) (SDP) Croatia (EPP) (HDZ) People’s (EPP) Party +Slovenian Party (Independent) (NI) Slovenia. 8 seats. No threshold. threshold. No 8seats. Slovenia. Croatia. 11 seats. 5% threshold. threshold. 5% 11 seats. Croatia. Malta. 6 seats. No threshold. threshold. No 6seats. Malta. Turnout: 28.29% Turnout: 29.86% Turnout: 74.80% ć 54.29 18.71 22.72 37.90 11.07 15.58 18.64 26.43 8.52 7.89 5.66 5.19 % % % Seats Seats Seats 3 4 4 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 (EPP) Parties (DISY) (DISY) Rally Democratic Parties Coalition of the Radical Radical the of Coalition Progressive Party of of Party Progressive Movement for Change Change for Movement Democratic Party (DIKO) (DIKO) Party Democratic Communist Party of of Party Communist Movement for Social (XA) (NI) (XA) Dawn Golden Greek Solution (EL) (ECR) (EL) Solution Greek (EPP) NGL) (GUE/ (SYRIZA) Left (GUE/NGL) (AKEL) People Working (KINAL) (S&D) (S&D) Greece (KKE) (NI) (KKE) Greece (S&D) Democracy (EDEK) . 6 seats. 1.8% threshold. threshold. 1.8% 6seats. Cyprus. Greece. 21 seats. 3% threshold. threshold. 3% 21 seats. Greece. Turnout: 44.99% Turnout: 58.69% 33.12 29.02 23.75 27.49 13.80 10.58 7.72 5.35 4.87 4.18 % % Seats Seats 8 2 6 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 http://pomed.org Project on Middle East Democracy http://psephos.adam-carr.net Psephos Adam Carr’sElection Archive www.parties-and-elections.eu Parties and Elections in Europe www.opemam.org the ArabandMuslimWorld (OPEMAM) Observatory onPolitics andElectionsin www.ndi.org National Democratic Institute www.idea.int Electoral Assistance International InstituteforDemocracyand www.electionguide.org Systems (IFES) –ElectionGuide International FoundationforElectoral asp www.ipu.org/parline-e/parlinesearch. database on national parliaments Inter-Parliamentary Union –PARLINE https://freedomhouse.org Freedom House www.robert-schuman.eu Fondation Robert Schuman www.electoralgeography.com/new/en/ Electoral Geography2.0 www.mherrera.org/elections.html Electoral Calendar Sources

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 413 Mediterranean Electoral Observatory Appendices