Significant Breakthrough by the Far Right in Flanders, Victory for The
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JAARVERSLAG 2004 En 2004-2005 Missieverklaring
JAARVERSLAG 2004 en 2004-2005 Missieverklaring Het Vlaams Parlement belichaamt de wetgevende pijler en de democratie in Vlaanderen. Het staat in voor de tot- standkoming van de Vlaamse decreten en voor de goed- keuring van de Vlaamse begroting. Het Vlaams Parlement benoemt de Vlaamse Regering en controleert de Vlaamse Regering op de uitvoering van die decreten. Het Vlaams Parlement wil het centrum van een demo- cratisch Vlaanderen zijn en de burgers nauw bij de poli- tieke besluitvorming betrekken, en streeft daartoe naar maximale transparantie en optimale communicatie. Het wil een modern parlement zijn dat slagvaardig, vooruit- ziend en dynamisch werkt, op basis van de principes van effectiviteit, efficiëntie en zuinigheid. Door het uitdragen en aanmoedigen van burgerzin wil het Vlaams Parlement het democratisch draagvlak van de samenleving versterken en Vlaanderen profileren als een moderne, vooruitstrevende, verdraagzame en soli- daire Europese regio. VLAAMS PARLEMENT JAARVERSLAG 2004 en 2004-2005 3 INHOUD JAARVERSLAG 2004 en 2004-2005 Voorwoord 9 HOOFDSTUK I : SAMENSTELLING EN LEIDING VAN HET VLAAMS PARLEMENT 11 1. 124 rechtstreeks verkozen Vlaamse volksvertegenwoordigers 11 1.1 Op 6 juli 2004 11 1.2 Wijzigingen tijdens de zitting 2004 11 1.3 Wijzigingen tijdens de zitting 2004-2005 13 2. De leiding van het Vlaams Parlement : voorzitter, Bureau en Uitge- breid Bureau 13 2.1 Bureau en Uitgebreid Bureau: samenstelling en vergaderfre- quentie 13 2.2 De politieke leiding van het Vlaams Parlement (Uitgebreid Bureau) 14 2.3 Het algemeen beheer van het Vlaams Parlement (Bureau) 15 3. Het beleidsplan van de voorzitter: de verdere ontwikkeling van een eigentijds Vlaams Parlement 15 HOOFDSTUK II : DE POLITIEKE ACTIVITEITEN VAN HET VLAAMS PARLEMENT 25 1. -
Green Parties and Elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019 Green Par Elections
Chapter 1 Green Parties and Elections, 1979–2019 Green parties and elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019 Wolfgang Rüdig Introduction The history of green parties in Europe is closely intertwined with the history of elections to the European Parliament. When the first direct elections to the European Parliament took place in June 1979, the development of green parties in Europe was still in its infancy. Only in Belgium and the UK had green parties been formed that took part in these elections; but ecological lists, which were the pre- decessors of green parties, competed in other countries. Despite not winning representation, the German Greens were particularly influ- enced by the 1979 European elections. Five years later, most partic- ipating countries had seen the formation of national green parties, and the first Green MEPs from Belgium and Germany were elected. Green parties have been represented continuously in the European Parliament since 1984. Subsequent years saw Greens from many other countries joining their Belgian and German colleagues in the Euro- pean Parliament. European elections continued to be important for party formation in new EU member countries. In the 1980s it was the South European countries (Greece, Portugal and Spain), following 4 GREENS FOR A BETTER EUROPE their successful transition to democracies, that became members. Green parties did not have a strong role in their national party systems, and European elections became an important focus for party develop- ment. In the 1990s it was the turn of Austria, Finland and Sweden to join; green parties were already well established in all three nations and provided ongoing support for Greens in the European Parliament. -
The State of Europe Disruption, Disorder and Division: Crunch Time for Europe
WINTER 2016 THE STATE OF EUROPE DISRUPTION, DISORDER AND DIVISION: CRUNCH TIME FOR EUROPE REPORT In partnership with With the support of WINTER 2016 THE STATE OF EUROPE DISRUPTION, DISORDER AND DIVISION: CRUNCH TIME FOR EUROPE REPORT This report reflects the roundtable rapporteur’s understanding of the views expressed by participants. These views are not necessarily those of the organisations that participants represent, nor of Friends of Europe, its Board of Trustees, members or partners. Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted, provided that full credit is given to Friends of Europe and that any such reproduction, whether in whole or in part, is not sold unless incorporated in other works. Rapporteurs: Paul Ames and Sebastian Moffett Publisher: Geert Cami Director: Nathalie Furrer Events Manager: Laetitia Garcia Moreno Programme Managers: Jean-Yves Stenuick and Clotilde Sipp Project Assistant: Nina Hasratyan Photographers: Philippe Molitor and François de Ribaucourt Design: Ilaria Dozio and Elza Lőw © Friends of Europe - December 2016 This report is printed on responsibly produced paper TABLE OF CONTENTS About Friends of Europe 7 Executive summary 10 Annual roundtable seeks way ahead for Europe in crisis 10 Disruption, disorder and division: Crunch time for Europe 14 Time to get tough on populism 15 A communications fightback 21 Tough on the causes of populism: Inspiring hope in the economy 25 Bridging societal gaps 31 Within communities: a question of trust 35 Reaching out to build a better EU 41 Generation Brexit 47 Optimism from the outside 54 Recommendations for a rethink 59 The President’s Gala Dinner 64 Revitalising growth in Europe 65 ANNEX I – Programme 70 ANNEX II – List of participants and observers 76 List of participants 77 List of observers 86 The State of Europe 2016 | Winter 2016 7 ABOUT FRIENDS OF EUROPE www.friendsofeurope.org /friendsofeurope.foe @friendsofeurope Friends of Europe is a leading think tank that connects people, stimulates debate and triggers change to create a more inclusive, sustainable and forward-looking Europe. -
ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
Belgian Identity Politics: at a Crossroad Between Nationalism and Regionalism
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2014 Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism Jose Manuel Izquierdo University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Human Geography Commons Recommended Citation Izquierdo, Jose Manuel, "Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2014. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2871 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jose Manuel Izquierdo entitled "Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Geography. Micheline van Riemsdijk, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Derek H. Alderman, Monica Black Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Jose Manuel Izquierdo August 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Jose Manuel Izquierdo All rights reserved. -
De Vlaams-Nationalistische Partijen En Organisaties Bruno De Wever En Koen De Scheemaeker
808 Bronnen van privé-instellingen 5.5. Bronnenpublicaties Documents sur la fondation du pcb, in Cahiers marxistes, 1971, speciaal nummer. In de nrs. 2 (p. 43-47), 9 (p. 44-54) en 10 (p. 71-88) van hetzelfde tijdschrift worden eveneens documenten gepubliceerd die betrekking hebben op de ontstaans periode van de kpb. “ Le Drapeau Rouge ” clandestin. Brussel, 1971. De klandestiene “ Roode Vaan ”. Brussel, 1971. Alphonse Bonenfast. Rapport sur la dissidence grippiste (1968), in Cahiers marxistes, 2002, nr. 222. 6. De Vlaams-nationalistische partijen en organisaties Bruno De Wever en Koen De Scheemaeker 6.1. Bibliografie Courrier hebdomadaire du CRISP wijdde talrijke artikels aan Vlaams-nationalis- tische partijen en organisaties na de Tweede Wereldoorlog : 1962, nrs. 148 & 169 ; 1964, nr. 230 ; 1966, nrs. 336 & 345 ; 1973, nrs. 604 & 606 ; 1992, nr. 1356 ; 1993, nrs. 1416-1417, 2002, nr. 1748. De Wever (Br.). Greep naar de macht. Vlaams-nationalisme en Nieuwe Orde. Het VNV 1933-1945. Tielt-Gent, 1994. De Wever (Br.), Vrints (A.). Vlaams-nationalisme. Natievorming, ideologie en politieke stroming, in Sanders (L.), Devos (C.), eds. Politieke ideologieën in Vlaanderen. Antwerpen, 2008. De Wever (Ba.). Het Vlaams-nationalisme na de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Verrij- zenis of herrijzenis ?, in Bijdragen tot de Eigentijdse Geschiedenis, 1997, nr. 3, p. 277-290. De Winter (L.). The Volksunie and the dilemma between policy succes and elec- toral survival in Flanders, in Regionalist Parties in Western Europe. London, 1998, p. 28-50. Nieuwe Encyclopedie van de Vlaamse Beweging. Tielt, 1998 bevat ingangen op alle Vlaams-nationalistische partijen en organisaties, een overzichtsartikel over Vlaams-nationalistische partijen (B. -
Why Secession?
Örebro University School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences Political Science Why secession? The will of the people or a threat to democracy Political Science, Second cycle Independent project, 30 credits, 2020 Author: Jonathan Lehmann Molander Supervisor: Björn Hammar Abstract Europe is not as calm as one might think. There are currently several secessionist struggles that are ongoing in the region and in this thesis three of them will be researched. This thesis has investigated the biggest democratically elected actor that wants secession in Flanders, Catalonia and Scotland. This has been done by questioning how they argue for their secession and how these arguments relate to different approaches to legitimize secession. These approaches being the remedial approach, the free choice approach, the functional approach, the exit approach and the anti-theory approach. This was performed by using a qualitative content analysis. With this method I created an analytical scheme which was applied to the arguments in order to sort them into the scheme. The arguments used by the actors were pluralistic, relating to democracy, nationalism, administration, governance, economy, grievance and history. This proved that the actors are much more pluralistic than what theory could handle hence, none of the actors fit to either one of the approaches as they argued in a multitude of different ways. In addition to this, I was also able to show that against theoretical assumptions these secessionist actors didn’t favour external legitimacy. Even though this is argued by some to be most important for secessionist groups to gain independence. In the end the implications of this thesis are that secessionist actors are incredibly pluralistic, and it is quite hard for theory to fully capture this plurality. -
The Party-Oriented Structure of the Hungarian Radical Rightist and Alternative Movement
DÁNIEL MIKECZ Intersections. EEJSP 1(3): 101-119. Changing movements, evolving parties: the party- DOI: 10.17356/ieejsp.v1i3.112 oriented structure of the Hungarian radical right and http://intersections.tk.mta.hu alternative movement [[email protected]] (Centre for Social Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary) Abstract Two parties gained seats in the Hungarian parliament for the first time in the general elections of 2010. Both of these parties had a strong movement background, which seemed to be more obvious in the case of the radical right Jobbik, but the green LMP party also had strong ties to the Hungarian alternative movement. In this article I analyze the structural changes of the movements, which resulted in the dominance of the party-oriented structure. First, I look at the transformation of these movements from the democratic transition in 1989 until the 2010 elections. In the second part of the article I analyze the national context structure, the external environment of the movements. I conclude that in case of the green-alternative movement the new electoral opportunities, the shortcomings of political consultation and the lack of strong allies favored the party-oriented structure. For the radical right movement the expanded access to the party system, the ineffective policy implementation capacity of the state and the repression by the authorities pushed the movement’s structure to the party-oriented model. Keywords: Social movements, Movement parties, Radical right, Green movement, Jobbik, LMP. INTERSECTIONS. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIETY AND POLITICS, 1 (3): 101-119. MIKECZ, D.: CHANGING MOVEMENTS, EVOLVING PARTIES: THE PARTY-ORIENTED STRUCTURE OF THE HUNGARIAN RADICAL RIGHT AND ALTERNATIVE MOVEMENT 102 Introduction The structural conditions of the emergence and success of new parties is an established field of political party research (Harmel and Robertson, 1985; Ignazi 1996; Tavits, 2006; Bolleyer and Bytzek, 2013). -
Challenger Party List
Appendix List of Challenger Parties Operationalization of Challenger Parties A party is considered a challenger party if in any given year it has not been a member of a central government after 1930. A party is considered a dominant party if in any given year it has been part of a central government after 1930. Only parties with ministers in cabinet are considered to be members of a central government. A party ceases to be a challenger party once it enters central government (in the election immediately preceding entry into office, it is classified as a challenger party). Participation in a national war/crisis cabinets and national unity governments (e.g., Communists in France’s provisional government) does not in itself qualify a party as a dominant party. A dominant party will continue to be considered a dominant party after merging with a challenger party, but a party will be considered a challenger party if it splits from a dominant party. Using this definition, the following parties were challenger parties in Western Europe in the period under investigation (1950–2017). The parties that became dominant parties during the period are indicated with an asterisk. Last election in dataset Country Party Party name (as abbreviation challenger party) Austria ALÖ Alternative List Austria 1983 DU The Independents—Lugner’s List 1999 FPÖ Freedom Party of Austria 1983 * Fritz The Citizens’ Forum Austria 2008 Grüne The Greens—The Green Alternative 2017 LiF Liberal Forum 2008 Martin Hans-Peter Martin’s List 2006 Nein No—Citizens’ Initiative against -
De Cliënt in Beeld
Reforming the Rules of the Game Fransje Molenaar Fransje oftheGame theRules Reforming DE CLIËNTINBEELD Party law, or the legal regulation of political parties, has be- come a prominent feature of established and newly transi- tioned party systems alike. In many countries, it has become virtually impossible to organize elections without one party or another turning to the courts with complaints of one of its competitors having transgressed a party law. At the same Reforming the Rules of the Game time, it should be recognized that some party laws are de- signed to have a much larger political impact than others. Th e development and reform of party law in Latin America It remains unknown why some countries adopt party laws that have substantial implications for party politics while other countries’ legislative eff orts are of a very limited scope. Th is dissertation explores why diff erent party laws appear as they do. It builds a theoretical framework of party law reform that departs from the Latin American experience with regulating political parties. Latin America is not necessarily known for its strong party systems or party organizations. Th is raises the important ques- tion of why Latin American politicians turn to party law, and to political parties more generally, to structure political life. Using these questions as a heuristic tool, the dissertation advances the argument that party law reforms provide politicians with access to crucial party organizational resources needed to win elections and to legislate eff ectively. Extending this argument, the dissertation identifi es threats to party organizational resources as an important force shaping adopted party law reforms. -
Fighting the System? Populist Radical Right Parties and Party System Change Cas Mudde, University of Georgia
University of Georgia From the SelectedWorks of Cas Mudde 2014 Fighting the System? Populist Radical Right Parties and Party System Change Cas Mudde, University of Georgia Available at: https://works.bepress.com/cas_mudde/94/ Themed section article Party Politics 2014, Vol. 20(2) 217–226 ª The Author(s) 2014 Fighting the system? Populist radical Reprints and permission: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav right parties and party system change DOI: 10.1177/1354068813519968 ppq.sagepub.com Cas Mudde University of Georgia, USA Abstract This article assesses the impact of populist radical right parties on national party systems in Western Europe. Has the emergence of this new party family changed the interaction of party competition within Western European countries? First, I look at party system change with regard to numerical and numerical–ideological terms. Second, I evaluate the effect populist radical right parties have had on the different dimensions of party systems. Third, I assess the claim that the rise of populist radical right parties has created bipolarizing party system. Fourth, I look at the effect the rise of the populist radical right has had on the logic of coalition formation. The primary conclusion is that, irrespective of conceptualization and operationalization, populist radical right parties have not fundamentally changed party systems in Western Europe. Keywords party systems, political parties, populism, radical right, Western Europe ‘The key problem with the phenomenon of party system levels, while applying different operationalizations of party change is that it is seen as either happening all the time or as system change in Western Europe.1 I focus primarily on scarcely happening at all.’ what I call the mechanical dimension of party systems, i.e. -
Sub-State Nationalism and Populism: the Cases of Vlaams Belang
Comp Eur Polit https://doi.org/10.1057/s41295-018-0144-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Sub‑state nationalism and populism: the cases of Vlaams Belang, New Flemish Alliance and DéFI in Belgium Emilie van Haute1 · Teun Pauwels1 · Dave Sinardet2 © Springer Nature Limited 2018 Abstract This contribution assesses whether populism is inherently embedded in and combined with the ideology of sub-state nationalist parties, using Belgium as a case study. We argue that sub-state nationalist parties tend to emphasize the opposition between a territorial community (‘us’) versus a dominant center (‘them’), a dichotomous view that could overlap with the populist ideology focusing on the opposition between the homogeneous people and the ‘corrupt’ elite. We compare the policy positions of the three major sub-state nationalist parties that operate in Belgium: the Vlaams Belang, the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) and Democrat Federalist Independent, using their manifestos and membership magazines between 2010 and 2015. We show that the manner in which sub-state nationalist parties com- bine their stances on territoriality to a populist rationale depends on their relation- ship to power (government vs. opposition). In doing so, this contribution uniquely relates populism to the territorial dimension of Belgian politics. Keywords Populism · Sub-state nationalism · Belgium · Political parties * Emilie van Haute [email protected] Teun Pauwels [email protected] Dave Sinardet [email protected] 1 Department of Political Science, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50 – CP 124, 1050 Brussels, Belgium 2 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium E. van Haute et al. Introduction This paper focuses on the territorial dimension of populism, or the populist dimen- sion of sub-state nationalism.