.The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition

human rights transition and democratic related to the legislations Policies and in Tunisia official institutions.official vernment andwhat’s of the scenes the behind over conflict the formationpolitical go of the isrelated transition, which to of second the the tion’s monitoring path. Besides, difficulties the ontransi itsanditsthe development impact tomonitor seeking related events the to, while nalization ofaforementioned the framework operatio on further the Thus, focused report transition the orderin andits goals. toachieve proceduresandinstitutionsestablishing rules, transitionTunisia. in democratic by Especially sents one of of important signs most the the constitutional The repreframework legal and - - - - 27

transition democratic related to the framework constitutional The legal and lowed by serious proposals regarding by serious lowed that. representativessome referred to that problems, but that’s not fol problemsthat of house the representativesfrom. suffer Perhaps andfinancial logistical of structural, vision players the clear a lack programs of and the political the discourse the one.nal Besides, workoninstitutio not party the the an approachisbased which according activity to criteria.paths ofthe clear And political it is institutions of the workinggarding inside idea the andadjusting players political on The focus “moralizing” a honor” of re “code among them authorities The three and the balance important indicator of process the of transition itself. life,texts in or whether ofmidst institutions, political the arean for transition. its inthe developments And all democratic the constitution The framework facto de the as considered of 2015 is framework forthedemocratictransition Activating the constitutional and legal fore, all blocs, parties and independents were contacted inorder and independents fore, parties blocs, all immunity.for parliamentary the proceduresdedicated andthere torepresentatives the of Supreme the about the Judicial Council sembly ofRepresentatives the of People the listening (ARP) started dure, Immunity,As the in Laws andElectoral Parliamentary Laws of8th Andthe in JanuaryCommittee 2020, onthe Rulesof Proce action. of political the ethics the enhance of assembly the aiming to prevent “the tourism”, party as that will 2019 after announcing intention the internalto the amend system Peoplethe (ARP), during opening the on session November 13, of Assembly the of speaker of subject the Representatives the of aforementionedcommittee during discourse’s 2017. wasThis the to “Representative’s adopt the failed of Honor” inthe earlier Code or what’sParty “ the Tourism”called parties the since .Especially ging of Party according loyalties arena to map the of political the and to chan the avoidand conflicts suspending it to due political toadjust it toensure functioning the oflegislative the authority ways the parliament, the work inside is agreat focus on ethical the Thereit. to within ensure balances the need and the blocs political Tunisia working, starts fear the returns regarding quota the of the Assembly the Once ofRepresentatives the of People the (ARP), in work The partytourismandtheparliamentary The HouseofRepresentatives : : ------dings which led the names ofnames the representativesled dingsare which from who However, of understan because remain close balances the website. Parliament the thatHeart ofso the Tunisia29, according to became bloc their resignation,mid-Marchwithdrawn two had deputies (Heart of Tunisia that and it is by resigned, reported (bloc Also, during month the of March, 11 fromdeputies the bloc. the joined from governorate the Al-Din Al-Zahi Khair of had Siliana deputy thatindependent page on the his Facebook nounced Representativesthe of People, the Hassouna al-Nasfi, an of Reform the 13, head 2020, the Assembly inthe Bloc of Parliament. the in Onbloc February Dignity Coalition the Futurejoining the and Bin ofbloc deputyAyyad Ahmed to resignation ceptthe from of deputythe SahbiSamara the “Tourism” of loyalties andcoalition changingparty the ex notnumerically,changed asit doesn’t many witness cases havecouncil the within It thatbalances the is reportedly outcome to assembly’s the bureau. end of until the AprilFebruary it submits 2020, when its of its fromaction start beginning the committee the will tosubmit ofend proposalstheiruntil the January. Then, - - - cial resourcescial to ensure representatives’ the proper perfor However, toin addition not providing sufficientfinan the other public administrations. thatWorkload the reported viously compared to be cannot pre employees Parliament authorities. executive and lative resources legis financial the in the of an imbalance reflects totalthe branchesof authority. ofwith executive the all This for ofgovernment, the without comparingPresidency the it ofRepublic the and148,295 - forPresidency the - 1000 D it wasestimatedbudget, at 43903 compared to 140,953 for that it is attached to state’s the In 2020 budget. the general Chapter ficient. As Four of the Parliament’s byelaw clarifies The of the budget Assembly of Representatives insuf is still People’s representatives of theAssembly The structuraland financial difficulties scene. tical forefront the in major to the outside be parties ofpoli the ------29 Daam center semi-annual report 30 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition Executive Authority of revolution’son the souls the martyrs. Assembly, the in itsbloc after his refusal Al-Fatihato read president ofFree the Constitutional Partyof head andthe “Dégage” slogan the of revolution the raised ded against the presentatives. Aswounand ofnumbers families’martyrs Assembly the were incidents of inside happened Reviolent counter-revolutionary continues. OnJanuary 16,2020, what’s between conflict the course, what’s and revolutionary dis ofMeanwhile,political the itthat is obvious level the in presentation.cal Assembly and intermsof quality regarding their ideologi in termsweak of quantity the of numbers inthe their seat “non-Islamic”and incontrast, the While, is dispersed bloc large number of representatives inother Islamic coalitions. largest ofnumbers the has representatives, toaddition in a tativesbloc of People Ennahda the the (ARP). Besides, of Assembly the Speaker as the of Represen the elected Movement, ofEnnahda the was leader Al-Ghannouchi, the otherwith authorities. As on November 13, 2019, Rashid conflict the tionsand conflict are not far from political the Moreover,of Assembly the its and presidency institu the work. parliamentary negatively affect ring will from, which suffe that shortage itbecome has severe the with pecially Assembly of Representatives the of People the to so, do es authority’sexecutive refusal to authorize exceptionally the suspension ofthe with mandates andthe lable, especially of mance duties, their humanresources unavai are also that . But thepartisandivisionsprevented elections asadeadline. one year from thedate ofthe2014 supposed to beformed in The Constitutional Court was ------executive authorityexecutive inasystem that ensures multiplicity the of the second pillar Republicof the the is The Presidency Presidency it witnessed resignations disagreement the that itwitnessed reflected of Presidentpowers the the under of But Republic. licies the is represented first in as the Council tool forming statepo histook office. TheSecurity QaisSaeed sident National institutionsappointmentsnew These witnessed once pre Supervision The Presidency’sinstitutions lity of appointments. andnational nature strategies, the and quaand policy gn research and scientific production regarding making forei Tunisian the Institute for Strategicof Studies, absence the questions, mpleof question the these concerning role of the process. Asfor decision-making a build and exasupport Presidency’s the institutions implementing role their to thority, questions about serious ability the were of raised legislative with the au conflict Into addition political the elections. throughdirect of sourcesof legitimacy popular The National and Residential Services Company Services Residential and The National The Supreme Authority for Administrative and Financial Tunisian Institute for Strategic Studies administrative The department Council: The was createdNationalIt Security in2017 : ------dering international the of standards for independence the of consi Supreme the Law Basic the while Judicial Council, reference basic the considered the indrafting provisions of constitutional This is levels. tural and functional framework authority”,cial onstruc the judiciary established the which dimentConstitution of title five of the related to “the judi FormingSupreme of the embo the ispart Judicial Council regarding Supreme the Judicial Council. no.34Law Basic of 2016datedto 28th of the April, 2016 Articles from 112 to 117 of the Tunisian Constitution The SupremeJudicialCouncil The judicialauthority and major offollowing public state. visions the policies accordingthem rather than functioned runs tostill who of state. the strategies and policies institutions These are institutionan official was which founded for establishing concerning its structure,ticized and its outputs as it is The Tunisian Institute for Strategic severely cri Studies is ofsident republic the office. protocol,Tariq and Bel-Taibpre the chief the was who ofchief the was Al-Hanashi who andadvisor doctor the resignation of minister the Abdel Raouf counselor, Tariq Al-Hamidiafter was Muhammadthe public, Saleh which National the of Adviser Re the at Presidency Security the crisisTunisia,in epidemic the includingresignation the of beginning of the since especially it, inside conflict the and املحكمة الدستورية The Constitutional المحكمة الدستورية WHY NOT ? ؟ عالش؟؟؟ Court عالش

------relating to Constitutional the Court no.50 Law Basic of 2015 dated to 2015 3rd of December Articles 118 to 124 ofthe Tunisian constitution Constitutional Court Judges that of considered aseizure council’s the powers. them. Asresulta of that interference,Association the of in tothe courts officials of orderthe to tructions implement that andto sessions through direct ins judicial dum,the As for of example,Justice Ministry the amemoran issued thority facility. to judicial the organize delegatedConstitutionthe is au Council that affirms the the Ministry of Justice Ministry the the Although affairs. judicial inthe interferenceareclear anda pressures on by judiciary the previously. pened Andit to isessential point out that there Later,constitutional the whathap as affect court, thatwill this support approach.names who of JusticeMinistry the itsin power, andto favor some interference the institutions,ofpolitical the especially of of interference the because suspended itsrole isstill sides, and comparative approaches judiciary Be the inthis field. - - - - - 31 Daam center semi-annual report 32 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition words, the absence of this Commission reflects the absence words, the absence of reflects absence this the Commission Intoring,other elected. from have 8members nine been sion for Sustainable And Development. during moni the opening candidatures for membership of the Commis the dated 2019, tofor 15thof a decision the February issued Commission of the The Assembly PresidentElectoral of the Commission The for SustainableDevelopment It hasn’t its function yet started ting to Human the Commission. Rights No.Law Basic 51of 2018datedto October29, 2018, rela Article 128ofthe Tunisian constitution Human RightsCommission (loaded). difficult be will forming bodies the conceptions,path imposingin of the theirown parties tical appointingin poli desire of the Andunder its all members. quotaof its each them has legal because formingbodies the authoritiesto Also,sustainablea disrupting conflict. lead tenceof current the disputes among of three the heads the exis the besides, And conflict. of political the details the constitutionalthe to is due its with preoccupation bodies class’sArguablypolitical the on centralizing implicit silence Centralizing theconstitutionalbodies garding role of the religion and public freedoms. interpretation andthe oftitles of some constitution the re ofauthority two executive the the heads concerning powers, constitution. the Tunisia between conflict clear a witnessed crisiscontinues in terms of interpreting andimplementing system. As by itsa result, political the absence, whole the Constitutional crisiscontinuesThe Court of the to affect out of four inMarch 2018. exceptnot only was parliament one ableto member elect prevented previous divisions that, as the butpartisan the onefrom year date the deadline, asa of 2014 elections the be in to formed Constitutionalwas supposed Court The of Peoplecourt. the the affects Assembly by the pointed members ofRepresentatives the control Also, it. politicization the ofother the fourap crisisa interference by the institutionsof political the to it appointsfacing four because while members Council toring. of problem the And part Supreme is the Judicial to Itsdate the of elected have moni members not been ------nomic, social and environmental affairs. social nomic, lawsrelated all in to eco body asconsultedan independent to play Also,fundamental a roleit. in it isposed obligatory about pathdevelopment asit the of vision issup clear a manage the media scene efficiently. scene media manage the tois unable that current the body media hits the chaos a regulatedby law. Asresulta of not formingcommission, the 125 of constitution, the Article with states which that it is ding to aforementioned the And that contradicts decrees. votedon until today,out its duties it carries today accor dateof aforementioned the law. it not has been although, the since deposited been has Commission Communication Law Basic No.A draft 97/2017 related to the Audio-visual No. 115of November of 2nd the 2011. No.Decree 116 of November of 2nd the 2011, and Decree Article 125oftheConstitution Audio-Visual CommunicationCommission yet function of Future Rights and the It Generations hasn’t its started regardingCommission The for SustainableDevelopment No.Law Basic 60of 2019datedto of9th the July 2019, Article 129ofthe Tunisian constitution CommissionGovernance and Anti-Corruption Good The It hasn’t its function yet started - - - importance of adoption demanding importance the of that guarantees aswell raisingawareness the of Tunisian the citizenon the ending Truth the and Dignity Commission’s As action. of transitional the justice process framework beyond nal monitoringcampaign, and following-up on institutio the withelectoral the parallel in is which benefit andlegal nal asconstitutio a Justice dialogue to table of the political the aimsto restore campaign the Transitional the supervisors, « organization. Al-Bousla Compass/ As according to the «The and Rights» «Forumders», for Social and Economic organizations Without are «Lawyers which society Bor civil by three was supervised which launched, was paign for «No the paigns legislativeReturn» elections, the cam cam the within process, especially electoral the Andwithin and that is what’sgrams, expected. that transitional the justice is absent fromparty’s the pro ifit issymbolic”. even dignity of the victims, the Headded futurestate andit programs, first is the priority to restore and organizations. It society civil liticians, is apriority for po in progress parties, be bylot of all uncertainty andshall “theprocess of transitional justice the at this momenta has nir Wahadaof is one tyranny, of who victims the stated that Thus, its outputs after issuingwerereport. affected its Mou throughout an its has echo function. Dignity Commission It that is function clear of politicizing the Truth the and Commission The functionofTruthandDignity The transitionaljusticeprocess ------tims. But the action was generally slow.tims. But generally was action the objective in terms dered of itsintroduction vic toolder the to their senioritysubjected abuse. to consi Thus, be was it according to tovictims list according the tosued timescale a wereare is Andmore they decisions than 40,000 decisions. reparation that number of the individual especially action, criticisms ofsome commission’s the ticed work andits slow During 2019 andup toNovember, Monitoring the Unitno referred be to prime the minister. will maining decisions responsibility only end ofuntil the month, the re and the their under be 12th of Novemberwill 2019, that decisions end of 2019. It stated on also inacommuniqué the issued forcontinued until the to reparation issue decisions victims Truth And the rationalized. has and Dignity Commission waitingare ope still to for todaybe they decisions these rehabilitationfrom commission, the decisions but until thatmay reparation thousands have of and received victims onof 2nd the November media, 2019, itstatedwas on social pagethe of official On the CommissionTruth and Dignity had. it shortcomings despitecontinued The body work and slow the of the obstacles. several by marred outputsbeen has process, which govern whole the process isitself not important except itsproper end. As its thatciety two defends situations these it, that the reflect So transitional justicethe chargeprocessin with Civil and In other is which words,body as according toofficial the repeated. not be will violations past ------33 Daam center semi-annual report 34 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition 97. The medical committee follows up critical cases committee cases of the up critical follows medical 97. The newspaperthe of tionofficial the in TunisianRepublic No. revolution,organizing and of ac its structure methods and of injured the of cases the following up critical expenses, recovery medical files of the the reviewing with charged regarding issued creationwas the committeeof ‘medical a 7thofOn the December, governmental 2019: the decision observed In this direction, the following are to implement recommendations the and suggestions. initiativegovernment bythe to present planprograma and of absence any the ringNovember in noticed be 2019, it can the And dateuntil report. final of the and drafting monito its action endof it concentrates 2018, when in reviewing Tuesday, Marchactionthe in the 26, 2019, after it finished It on its is report noteworthy that issued Commission the commission”.the sureto implement recommendations the andsuggestions of help fromwith organizations, relevant asto pres exert so committee parliament to inthe aspecial assigned be should isimplementing work plan andthe the program. This task monitor shall council extent the commission the to which forto legislative legislativethe council these The discussion. andproposals presented andsubmit Commission, by the work programsfor implementing recommendations the prehensive prepare Commission, by the aplan report and fromwithin a year governmentThe issuingcom the shall, lowing: andorganizing Transitional the Justicefor provides fol the 24,2013concerning2013 datedto establishingDecember It noteworthy, isalso No. 70of that Law Basic Article 53of lowing: andorganizing Transitional the Justicefor provides fol the 24,2013concerning2013 datedto establishingDecember It noteworthy, isalso No. 70of that Law Basic Article 53of port. outcomes the of commission’s the comprehensive re final process of torturers, with interaction official weak and the tion of institutional reforms, failureof the punishment’s the implementa the transitional justicethe process, especially It of absence other the important merits noticed of is also : The inaction of the provisions of Article 70 of the Ba sic Law onEstablishing Transitional Justice : ------

sitional Justice, states which Commission’s that “The works 24, 2013 concerning establishing and organizing Tran the No. Law 68 of Basic ticle the 53of 2013 datedto December completing itswork late in 2018. Itis noteworthy thatAr National Archives after ayear during days, nearly these missiontransfer completedthe of itsprivate archive to the In16th of the January, 2020: The Com Dignity and Truth permission. judicial with implementation andthe 724 gigabytes, tocompile them are archives, the estimated which at metersand796.3 linear Since May to commission 2019, the transfer begun has all Justice Law. cording to provisions the 68 of of Transitional the Article of Tunisiaof Prime the Minister, supervision the under ac transferreditsarchive to been The had National Archives that media on on page mission social its announced own In 11thof the January 2020: The Com Dignity and Truth 17, 2010to 14thof the January 2011. injuredof «Freedom the andDignity Revolution: December dated to 9thof the May Com 2018, relating to Local the No.Law Basic Magazine: Communities 29 of 2018 Local chapter 131to. 142 Texts:Tunisianthe sevenof Title Constitution. From Local authority authority by the used and its efficiency dology many raises questionswhich about investigation the metho criticized, mistakes thatit historical andthe people some including omittingcriticized, of is also report same parts polarization its work. that The affected political and the mission (6resignationsitself out oftotal a of 15members), com the thatwithin anddisagreements obstacles started with towhole process. passed confirmAs it the is necessary newspaper,to addition in follow-up the sending committee The publication commission’s of the official the in report chives to National the Archives. toestablish forced submitcommission the to itsar legally titution for memory, preserving will but oflack the political The commissionchoice of the ins was to establish a special national memory”. atthem an institution ofpreservation the entrusted with possession the to in its files National Archive place or shall and documents submit the shall all Commission andthe at endof the concluded itsterm be stipulatedshall by law ------Partial electionsin 2019 Here that were elections held: is alist of partial the authority inKasserine. to mayor local the new elected was Assembly ofRepresentatives the ofPeople. the Therefore, a in February, of as amember as aresult the of being elected Muhammad Kamal al-Hamzawi, up given his position had Itis noteworthy thatformer the mayor of Al-Kasserinecity, for work andrun legislative elections. up Local give viduals comparedto other As positions. that indi it some isnoticed an has inferior work still interestAlso, oflocal vision the the regions. several in elections andto partial councils organize local to the dissolve led Andthat level. practically local the of tyto programs andloyalties candidates play role a at by par penetrated workIt become has that local is noticed The politicizationoftheLocalwork lization. decentra process inthe of magazine, whole the building for more without completingthanyear a publishing the of of25th the February2019 deadlines the exceeding means zine’s publication for issuing implementing the orders. This of 9monthsfrom date deadline the the zine of maga the AuthoritiesAs according Maga 385 of to Local the Article Magazine. Communities fore publication the of Local the 2nd on the of months 2018,be addressed This is January Magazine.Communities ting 75% of implementing the regulationsfor Local the thatcompletingvironment confirmed previously has draf It isnoteworthy, En Affairs and of Local thatMinistry the zation process. organizationBosla on inits decentrali annual the report groups. byAl This is confirmed websiteficial local of the monitoringuntil the of by the as what is indicated period, 10 governmentalOnly orderstexts from were these issued AuthoritiesLocal lists 38governmentMagazine The orders. legal procedure The slow difficulties tical authority The empoweringslow path local and prac of the munities Code. vernorate The municipality Souk Jadid of Sidi Bou Zid Go Souk Zid Bou The of municipality Jadid Sidi ------Voting day: from 25th 2020 to 26thofJanuary Partial electionsin2020 Voting day: March 28 to 29,2020. their resignations.withdrew of members after Shabika the municipality inthe elections there wereWhile partial no 2018. ofelections Governoratepartial first July after the nouba governorate. nouba nouba governorate.nouba lity governorate of Sousse governorate Al-Kairouan governorate Kebili governorate Governorate governorate: councilors lead to interruption lead councilors of work pos and the forcouncils Disagreements among reasons. similar to due among disagreements of elected members the in2018 elections have municipal the continued since riorating situation municipality. inthe Resignations andhisdeputy. ofcouncil the In to addition dete the opinion speaker by the as atyrannical members the to by 10of 2019due cember what considered was mass after a resignationcame 23rdon the De of Bardo municipality of Bardo municipality Tunis Governorate Tebar governorate of municipality Beja El-Ayoun of Al-Kasserine municipality 2nd the As ofmunicipality Al-Kef Sars governorate Partial elections inAl-Battan Partial elections of municipality Ma Partial elections in Al-Dandan municipality ofMa municipality inAl-Dandan Partial elections Partial elections in Qasiba Al-Thuriyat inQasiba Partialmunicipa elections Partial elections inNafza Partial elections of municipality Beja Partial elections in Raqqada municipality of municipality inRaqqada Partial elections Partial elections inAlFawwar Partial elections of municipality Partial elections inJebiniana Partial elections of municipality Sfax Partial elections inHassi Partial ferid elections of El Kasserine The partial elections in elections municipality Hassi Alfred partial The -

- - - - - 35 Daam center semi-annual report 36 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition tivists of organizationtivists the (IWATCH)isTunisian a which Tunisian society, civil recordings had as he threatening ac Itisnoteworthy that Karoui reputation bad a has the with gust 23,2019). deringon andsuspicions Au of corruptionjailed was (he Nabilval, Karoui,prisonin was on charges laun of money “interpretativecampaign”, continued special a Saeed hisri Kais candidate the process, while Regardingelectoral the elections. the preceding years resources investedfinancial throughout his image in the and huge machine amedia with moved his rival ding, while and without much fun an unusual campaign with moved are two They names. whereopposites, Saied Kais political Tunisian the work which tical voter proposed distrustthe poli crisis the partisan of reflected presidential elections and abusinessmandemic main for as candidates the the for 13thof the October.scheduled The presence of aca an Nabil Karoui, regard round continued with to second the opportunitiesfor presidentialand Kais candidates, Saied Atof debate October2019, the beginning on the equal Features oftheelectoralpath to end it. decisions an abilityof transition for needs period the implementing textsandinstitutions, legal anddespite of their importance, and confirms difficulties out by that carried it is not only This crisis represents a transitionproofdemocratic of the The 2ndtransitionalcrisis – case - amunicipal work the in of Municipal intervene the Governors Council Currentof Democratic the Party. Vetirish- Mayor Khaled to from amember an independent municipality of tourism) Skhira (Municipal party case - the of to aquorum. due absence the dissolved be shall council work. to resort Andresignation, members mass that so the putes that prevented functioningnormal the of municipal dis severe vel.witnessed As councils ofmost municipal the Transferringle conflict to the municipal political partisan This is due to: side against the other are present in several cases. other against the areside present inseveral domination and conflict process, as partisan by one functioning sibility and democratic of cooperated the ------the request. the Nabil election tial Karoui isas incompetent he to examine offor candidate provisional the presiden release early the the request forpole rejected andnomic financial judicial On September investigating 18, 2019, the judgeof eco the of Tunisia» party. of Nabilperties Karoui, of is currently «Heart head who the prolated the to with of travel the and dealing freezing ban Karoui against the brotherswhile a in taken re been had Karoui measuresthat precautionary the andmaintained Tunis ofrequesta Appeal forof rejected Court release the OnSummer September 5,the of Indictment the Chamber roui, inMorocco, Algeria and Luxembourg. byandhisbrother him usingKa companiesowned Ghazi organization regarding suspicion laundering of by money «I Watch» againstby him the arrested case a in been has tigation to is punish responsible. who The Karouicandidate withoutsianrevolution.serious inves And This remained corruption andfight the surefollowing transparency Tuni non-governmental organization thatestablished was to en nisia adopted the same situation same adopted the nisia inits statement on issued Mission in The European Observation Election Union Tu dimension. technical the beyond that commission’s considered as the he itself, cess role goes commission’sthe role inprotecting pro democratic the commission’s on considered whathe relied spokesperson todue Karoui’saccepted be continuedimprisonment. The fear thatresultsnot the of would presidential the elections its expressed also Commission High Electoral dependent principlethe of opportunities equal for The candidates. In on based campaign, out hiselection carrying in freedom for Nabil candidate andabroad Karouicalled to enjoy full homeat bodies figuresMany and human rights political prison.currently inMornaguia incustody held civil presidential visited Nabil candidate Cherni Karoui is who by President Taoufikmember and Mondher Bouderbala Fundamental Freedoms(French: CSDHLF) delegation led OnOctoberHigh1, A Committee of Humanand Rights arrest process itself. of breachesissuance many the in hisarrest legal andthe of Karouiasmembers the Defense Committee considered of Appealreactions, of resultedmixed in Court ber the Summer by the presidentialIndictment elections Cham candidate a decision to suspend for The the premature ------round when it sought to meet the Karoui the toround it sought meet when without candidate 3rd the of October 2019. It that first the confirmed since «Karoui and Karoui» company in2002. media and his brother he when the founded Ghazi landscape media businessman Bizerte, Tunisia Professional experience Remo, Italy 2001 demy, Tunisia 1986 from Faculty and Political the of Tunisia, Law Science, 1985 certificates: Academic Nabil Al-Karoui figures inthe of One key the Tunisian Date of August and place birth: 1,1963(age 57years), Diploma inHumanitarian from International, the Law San Diploma inConstitutional from International the Law Aca studies in of in-depth internationalpublic Certificate law 22,1958,inTunisia Date of February and place birth: Who isNabilKaroui? Who isKaisSaied? - the candidate Kais Saied, the second candidate, in the pre candidate, inthe second the Kais candidate the Saied, response.a AsMission the stated with that held meeting a activity space of his association. space activity voters for September first roundsocial himinthe in are the Tunisia. inside poor It of that the an important is noticed part work infavortwo of before insocial years the elections the inTunisia. publicized widely and it became dialect, inacolloquial news covering began political grams, presenting was channel, which television entertainment pro history. and struggle political opinionblic to not him,and to aknown has other names who an urgent question of about for reasons pu the tendency the His is not as he involvedhimself inpolitics. raised character 1994/1999 inSousse Sciences and Law Economic cal, in Tunisia 1999 since 1986/1999 Sousse Sciences, He acharitable that founded association for active was also With outbreak the of Tunisian the revolution in2011,his always and he introduce an academic, is mainly Kais Saied at Faculty Department the Head of of Politi Law Public the Sciences Political at Faculty the of and Legal Lecturer Social, at Faculty the of Lecturer Law, and Political Economic - - - 37 Daam center semi-annual report 38 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition tion of political positions. of political tion after distribu the toin addition last thing being the signed ultimately andfound its inaccuracy, limited generally to be Turningthat were contractual documents topolitical the consents. conflict or temporary of political ascene become continuous crisis of governance, and state institutions have The crisis governmentof the formationhas into turned a class. political opinion’s whole the and parties of the lack in confidence crisisThe of forming government the the proved public front. a political through rules advantage take who of parties political The in government. weight experience or previous andelectoral muchpolitical not have does who or politicians technocrats crats, experts, of to appearance of names the bureauled parties political crisis the class and of the impotenceThe political of the as follows: summarized be can which interests.narrow the and political It featuresreflected also domination the ofcaused concept quotathe of partisan disputesthat political by severe days, andcharacterized was crisisAnd the informing government the for lasted 109 combination guaranteed the for democracy. However,success reach toall itis not sufficient achieve to institutional and legal conditionsprinciplein for success. transition inTunisia, ofculty democratic the as it the has The process of forming government diffi the the reflects Government formationpath 27.29%. gets who 72.71% ofvote,with the elections sidential over his rival (TAP). Kaisround of wonpre-term the second the in pre Imad toldEl-Gabri, Tunis spokesperson, Presse Afrique (16th of appeals October), accordingto court’s whatthe for submitting deadline against itsresults legal until the Also, Administrative the notany receive did appeals Court and days before day. election the candidate, dayssecond before the debatewith election the of9th On the October 2019, Nabil Karoui released was Karoui”. Nabil visit submitted authorities,a request to judicial the inorder to “to path,andthat race, it about sidential electoral the talk - - - - tions disagreements implica and its partisan depth The of the The governmentofHabibJemli ry2020. Assembly of People’s Representatives on 10thof the Janua forconsequence, a didn’t that, de from confidence gain the his desireexpressed to form government. anon-partisan As movement the with that suggested his name.later Thenhe previously criticism, asit linked was severe very received ofwork the ofprime designated minister the methodology Current Tunisia. Democratic the Live and Long And the People’s the with disagreements severe the Movement and addition of in withindifferences to the it, processbecause whole the affected also Ennahda elections. by the posed As without it. im aresult be of cannot balances the ruling alone, butlitions. the It rule cannot that is clear Ennahda majora with over disagreement nature the coa of possible negotiations marathon concerning forming agovernment, months 2 The witnessed of 2019 NovemberDecember / the movement. appointment only ifthe of prime a minister from outside toenter intoconsultations to form governmenta coalition House the in of of most parties Representatives the required as from especially it, outside aperson to choose decided movement vernments, Ennahda old. The is and 60 years he government. Al-Jemlinew ministera go twoin previous Ennahda’s assigned candidate, Habib Jemliforming with a 15thofOn the November, Tunisian President Kais Saeid second round : elections inthe 2019 presidential Figures aboutthe - - - - - The numberofobservers government, far from any exclusion quota or major system fulfillment partisan of the the with concept. presentationpolitical formingin possible for Asdoor the accordingopen widest that the the would he toindicated he him, from any exclusionmajority partisan the or fulfilling quota system orientation, while according to him. revolution”.formingin belt government, political the far way the possible open He that for would he indicated widest the fulfillment the of and will, gloriousgoals national constants the of the with and strongthat political combines efficiency onMonday, that shall he 20th of a the form governmentaffirmed January 2020, he froma seriousteam cohesive and “small, with the President of the Republic, promises,Saeid, Kais Elyes meeting after the of various political the Fakhakh Besides according session to text the of presidency. plenary the inthe members of government the its whole with of name prime the the minister, proposed who it and Assembly isonly the word thatfinal the has during the presentation Assembly ofRepresentatives the confidence to. give of People the And will quite members of a few Parliament are the one government the what notthe of be President be the formed of butwill Republic, be the itgovernment will the that will directed. correspondences they inthe blocs ofelectorate’s the will andparliamentary coalitions, parties, by the proposals made andthe legislativethe in elections, will for. is capable ming Assembly the who agovernment, thusthat agreementto allowing power the has choose the Respecting 89 ofConstitution, the of President the capable formost thatthe considers to is authorized personality he the determine largest national organizations nominated.that numbera of haveandwith personalities Andbeen as according toArticle Assembly the in andcoalitions ofRepresentatives the blocs parties, of People, the with the officials of andaftermeetings This comesassignment a as written result series end of of the of a consultations among the Presidentwith Republic of the bruary. constitution, inaduration And extended. that of be is one from cannot month, 21st of which January to 19thof the Fe to wascommissioned form government the Fakhfakh Elyes according to requirements the 89 of of Tunisian the Article Government ofElyesFakhfakh by Ennahda. led governmentsin many prime by the percentage ofminister appointed Besides, announced the himself. havenames served formationis not different government. Also, than less than the its the previous extended was limited and presence female government The by proposed Habib consisted Jemili 28 as Ministersmembers, of 42 14 as and State the And Secretaries. يفالدور الثاني local observers 18,000 from abroad

2019 700 أرقامحول اإلنتخابات الرئاسية

The numberofpolling

inside Tunisia 13,000 stations 384 abroad registered thepresiden in %

The numberofthose Men 51 7,074,566 tial elections

Women % 49 - - - 39 Daam center semi-annual report 40 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition partisan life with full of distrust among life full partisan with its actors. It reality by the of fragmented the is imposed adevelopment legislative the or in campaigns. presidentialwhether election with arisingpopulistmomentum, identified feature which revolutionary theemotional by and affected is fact This People’s as the such Movement Current. or Democratic the existthroughrather elitetheir ideology thantheir discourse Movementof that Islamic the Ennahda parties old some and approach,exception the with of ideological the weakness the accordingclassification of The is view above-mentioned in to as: be classified can parties These Alternative, and (Afek Tounes). People’s Republican the Union, (NidaaTounes), Tunisian the Tunisia Live Long the ment, Movement, (MachrouuTounes), People’s the Current, Dignity Coalition, mocratic the Move are:Ennahda Movement,De parties the round. the These that voted for parties the was president the second the in negotiations, inthe participated which parties The following ment presidency. and the thatignored there areparlia conflicting between priorities Despite struggle. above, the be it cannot political the within to keenness present his interpretation of constitution the of statecusing the on idea the constitution, and the and the of is always Kais fo discourse Saied political the Besides, that this government «government is the of President,». the President the Presidency’s the of with Republic, the denial Party,of line consistent political in «revolutionary» the with listHeart of the TunisiaParty Constitutional andthe Free vernment. Asaccording tofrom hisopinion, his excluded he enternegotiations will he to which form with go the parties listdesignated of The minister prime a specific has chosen and the Constitutional Free Party Constitutional the and of Heart ofabsence the Tunisia Party at beginning the Tunisia /Tunisian Alternative/ Afeq Tounes the with Party of Errahma absence the Conservative Right: Ennahda / Dignity Coalition, with with /Dignity Coalition, Ennahda Right: Conservative Arab Nationalism: CurrentDemocratic The Mashrouu Right: Tounes /Nidaa Tounes Live /Long - - - - -

government nounces its intentionto grant confidence the to Jemili tion of his cabinet affiliation») competence and integrity, regardless of political their vernment chosen on (cabinet be «their members will his desire to form anindependent competencies go tions parties with the vernment extendedwas due to failurethe ofnegotia form agovernment CurrentDemocratic withdraw from negotiations to and national organizations form government the with various the parties political Presidencythe of Republic the Habibchooses Al-Jemili from four personalities contractual document to form government the

Negotiations to form the government of government the form to Negotiations

December 15, 2019 December December 05, 2019 December November 15, 2019 January 01, 2020 November 19, 2019 December 23, 2019 December January 05, 2020 November 14, 2019

November11, 2019 Habib Al-Jemili Habib : Habib Jemili presents forma the : Ennahda’s Shura an Council : The : formation the of go period : The People’s Movement the and : Habib Jemili appointed was by : The start : The start of negotiations to : Habib Al-Jemili announces : Ennahda’s Shura Council : Ennahda announces the the announces Ennahda : - - - - - of Tunisia) participates pressure inthe process. Government». Youssef (Former Chahed Prime Minister Heartthe ofTunisia title under the «National party Unity Committee. The movementparticipation the to calls of not ratified due the to request theEnnahda of Negotiation fore parties’ the meeting. postponementThe requestwas issued a quarter-hourbe tual memorandum, and Ennahda’s postponement request. date the be shall for ratification.ry ments to contractual the document and 1stthe ofFebrua week, designated the Prime Minister announces amend concerning parties contractual the political document tional Party. has excluded Heartthe of Tunisia and Freethe Constitu of government the formation the /Definingties) programDetermining / the structure belt (orwhat means as extended the participationof Par stages offorming government:the political theDefining form government the tion of contractual the document nister-designate and of head the movement Ennahda the

January23, 2020 February 07, 2020 February February 01, 2020 February February 03, 2020 February January 28, 2020 February 06, 2020 February January31, 2020 January 24, 2020 January20, 2020 : Elias Fakhfakh announces Fakhfakh Elias : three-week : Consultative with the meetings start : After After : meetings the during previous : Elyes Fakhfakh announces: Elyes Fakhfakh that he : Elyes Fakhfakh : Elyespresents Fakhfakh 3rd the edi : The : non-ratification the of contrac : Elyes Fakhfakh was appointed was Elyes: Fakhfakh to : The contractual: The memorandumwas

: A meeting between the prime the : Ameeting mi between Negotiations to form the government of Elyes Fakhfakh Elyes of government the form to Negotiations ------in favor, 1abstained and 77against vernmentof approval withElyes the Fakhfakh, 129 votes Al-Nassifi, head the of NationalReform Bloc. ofhead Tahya the Tounes movement, and Hassouna of People’s the tary-General Movement, Youssef Chahed, Movement, Democratic the maghzaoui, Zouhaier Secre Movement,hda Mohamedof Abbou, Secretary-General ment presencethe in of Noureddine Bhiri, of head Enna of Republic. the sents formation the of government the to Presidency the absence ofthe Heart the of Tunisia party. formationand its decision not to grantconfidence due to anhour before announcement the of government’s the government and withdrawal the of MovementEnnahda ter-designate concerned with forming parties with the the nextthe day governmentthe to President the of Republic. the as date the February forsubmitting final the formation of ter-designate of head with the Movement Ennahda Afek Tounes, Nidaa Tounes and Mashrouu Tounes representatives as Tunisian of the parties the Alternative,

February 26, 2020February February 12, 2020 February February 08,2020 February February 20, 2020 February February 15, 2020 February 11, 2020 February February 14, 2020 February February 24, 2020 February : Avote of granting confidence to go : Announcing date the of of 14th the : The minister’sprime with meeting : The Prime Minister-designate pre : The : meeting the of Prime Minis The : meeting the of Prime Minis : The : announcementpostponed to : Signing of contractual the docu ------41 Daam center semi-annual report Tunisia witnesses a remarkable progress at the legislative level On Wednesday, the 8th of January 2020, the General Legis- from entering the Assembly of the Representatives of the regarding human rights, but approaches to it are still incom- lation Committee and the Committee on Rights, Freedoms People, despite the office’s activity. In addition, the tense plete due to the lack of a clear ability to establish a clear equation and Foreign Relations held a joint session on a draft of an atmosphere due to the dispute between Jamila Al-Kasiksi between human rights and security or between the necessities of indicative code issued by the Arab Parliament regarding a member of the Ennahda Movement and Abeer Mousa a the governmental action in the exceptional cases and freedom. the death penalty and guarantees for its implementation in member of the Free Constitutional Party. And a number Arab countries. Experts and civil society representatives du- of the Free Constitutional Party representatives held a sit During Marc 2020, a draft law (bill) against attacks on security ring the hearing session confirmed the contradiction of the in the parliament. the National Syndicate of Tunisian Jour- forces was appeared. The delegation representing the Tunisian indicative draft law with the provisions of the constitution, nalists (SNJT) threatened to raise the red badge within the General Labor Union (UGTT) criticized the returning of a draft conventions and treaties ratified by the Tunisian state. The Assembly of the Representatives of the People or to strike in law under the title of « “Repression of Attacks against Armed deputies also rejected this bill for the same reasons. This is case of the continuation of attacks on the journalistic work. Forces”, during a parliamentary hearing session at the General Legislation Committee. As it considered the bill to include many serious violations that threaten society and contradict with the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the constitution. Also, the delegation called for the need to reformulate the bill regarding individual and public freedoms.

The Defense Minister Imad Al-Hazqi stressed that the draft law which criminalize attacks against Armed Forces in its presented version, is not suitable to the recent events by including many deficiencies and several points related to the basic concepts and definitions that shall be reviewed especially relating to the ar- ticles of the draft law with the rest of the rights and freedoms.

The Ministry of Interior and Security Unions, through the re- cent legislative initiative, insisted on the need to protect their members while carrying out their work. But this draft law faced a widespread opposition about its repressive content and its pu- nitive nature. In addition to its contradiction with international conventions and the constitution regarding freedoms. And the majority of human rights organizations and association, and na- tional organizations issued statements and declared condemning situations against this law besides alerting its seriousness. Also, The political many political actors expressed their outrage with the draft law, and both the Tunisian Journalists Syndicate and the Tunisian Ge- considered positive on the road to total penalty abolition. That resulted from the chaos of some of the Dignity Coa- neral Labor Union demanded that to withdraw the bill from the Freedom of expression / press / media lition deputies in Parliament and preventing the national and General Legislation Committee. television cameramen from broadcasting, and using tele- vision to pass fake slogans that don’t express what happens Violations and difficulties in And also, DAAM Center participated with the Tunisian Civil inside the Assembly. legislative Society Organizations in calling to people’s representatives to journalistic work withdraw the bill “Repression of Attacks against Armed Forces” December 2019: The Tunisian National Syndicate criticized Attacks on journalists continue under difficult circums- : what it expressed as a republic’s policy of blackout. The si- development The death penalty in Tunisia tances during work, especially during the electoral period tuation of the Syndicate is resulted from what happened to and until October 2019. This can be noticed in the rela- prevent Journalists during their coverage to the visit of the 21 crimes and offenders punishable by death in the Tunisian law, tionship with official institutions and bodies. Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to Tunisia. And but that haven’t practically enforced since 1991. This is conside- related to this policy included local journalists in addition to forei- red as a voluntary cessation of the implementation of the death Several journalists were attacked by the employees and ma- gn journalists, especially journalists of the Al-Araby tv. As, penalty which made Tunisia as one of 29 countries that have nagers of the polling stations. the Presidential Security Forces took the cards of the press human rights chosen to voluntarily cease carrying out the death penalty. On the 7th of December 2019: Journalists are denied team of Al-Araby although it is approved channel in Tuni- 43 44 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition The absence of a The absence reformsector media project of the purpose. for partisan media abiased the and abusingmoney masspolitical of the of of effect the question of state’s the inlight for sector support media the overremaining the institutions the raises This it. to direct fromsupport a State. the contrast,in thereis control While stations that radio andregional haven’tassociation receive journalism, small, and newspaper the amonginclude which institutionsmedia The several fear of of disappearance fessionalism absence of the and media pro official of the The weakness sector Structural difficultiesinthemedia concerning work the periods. during election inchanneling informationbiased especially is considerable The the issue of professionalrespecting not be and ethics to journalist to obtain astatement or information. teamsaccompanying prevent candidates the opportunity a As candidates. for of example, several paigns security the cam including working the teams electoral in the elections, forcandidates the legislative the andpresidential especially activists’ lack to journalistic workof political respect of, The deficiencies. that several it had The National of Syndicate Tunisian Journalists indicated agreementto ningstations. work tolicense polling in the Work difficulties concer for foreign especially journalists, Ennahda movement. ‘’ suspect’shouse, the “Secret as the Apparatus known case of andequipment of seizing documents Mustafa in Khadhar’s wrote who agent, the report security complaint by the filed and Investigationsearch of Aouina the National Guard ina investigatedwas front in of Division Re of3rd the Central «black rooms» team documentary 17, 2020: The February prevented from entering Palace. Carthage the correspondentsfor numbera offoreign were media mass law. the In 13Tunisian addition, works journalists as who to issubject prior a authorizationpalace that it so violates pretext the under that filming front in of the presidential to a forreport file companied filming without authorization photojournalist Ayman Mansour. Ben were Also, ac they consisted of which journalistsia the Wissam Da’si and the - - - - - The The regulating role of the High Independent Authority if standardsnal of Media. diversitypluralism, and ensuring quality the and professio in in terms policies Media limited of The ensuring public into consideration their age, maturity of and lack aware “concerningemployment the of Takingwithout children dated 2019 tolations 14th of the episode December inthe in“Tunisna”sented channel for two months, to due its vio Class” programpre 2019, to “La the suspend December mission’s on held 25th of inits the session decided, Board Forits powers. within that example, fall Com decisions the Commissionsector through The tend media to the amend inTunisia Commission Audiovisual the

The percentage ofimmigrants from )املصدر: املنتدى التونسي للحقوق االقتصادية واالجتماعية( posed to various typesofattacks sub-Saharan Africa whoare ex Blackmailing 29,60% 89.60% 33,90% Disrespect violence Physical 7,80% Insults Theft 4%

------venting work املصدر )وحدة الرصد بمركز السالمة املهنية بالنقابة الوطنية للصحفيين التونسيين( cases ofpre

Figures onpress work from the22ndofJulyto the20thof

workers assaults by Polling Stations’ 3 Assaults duringDecember2019 - 34 harassments security 8 October 2019

Beja andSidiBouzid assaults took place governorates where the Tunisia thecapital Sousse andKairouan 23 assaults 5 assaults 22 8 assaults 4 assaults assaults Gafsa 14 for journalists worked The attacked news agency newspapers Radio : television assault of physical websites channels 79

9 8 3 2 1 45 Daam center semi-annual report 46 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition owners, or institutionalowners, centers worksecurity re where out drivers, and taxi shop by citizens, are carried which attacks acts, either resultasRacist a of occur individual statistics.and numbers This several is proved by Africa. ran cismTunisia,in come from sub-Saha who those especially Foreign are to immigrants subjected discrimination and ra Foreign immigrantsinTunisia by foreigners inTunisia, Africans. sub-Saharan especially concerning humanitarian the situation pecially experienced problems, approach, critical es raises of security the which lum. Actually,dominance of the because thisis often absent completeandcoherent system oftoright the asy guarantee Tunisia NetworkRights called to for establish need a the Tataouine. It isnoteworthy thatEuro-Mediterranean the south of city the 15 km of governorate inthe Remada of concentration camp the Bir planthe in al-Fatnasiyah area, velopmentssituation of security especially the Libya, in de fallout plan possible to the face prepared emergency Informationseekers. asylum and regarding is scarce the women, groups like children of vulnerable rights most the the to respect need the stressed Rights andSocial nomic of7th Onthe Tunisian January 072020, the Forum for Eco of professional the rules and the ethics. concerningpersonnel ofviolation their law the ofmedia the network.commission The continued draw the to attention websiteficial pagessocial from channelits on of the all and to and subjected to violation it delete from of the episode not mentioned to the re-broadcast decided Commission keepingawayotherthem and disputes”. from political The interest their waya in ness, that necessitates affects which

Information Commission activities oftheAccess to Figures aboutthe

starting its work Commission since files presented to the The total numberof 357 Files

From to January March 2020

Number oftheresponded files 1912 Files 1000 Files

from late 2018to late 2019 ------Concerning the duty of the Commission, the observatory duty the Concerning observatory ofthe Commission, the Chapter Three aforementionedof the law. nationalThe anti-traffickingaccording commission to concerning human criminalizing trafficking No. Law Basic 61of 2016 dated to 3rd the of August 2016, Anti-human trafficking discrimination exists that inpractice. still in Tunisia grants law the enforcementwith against racial forframework mi legal of the The requiresabove a review many are to harassment. subjected while ment, searching for another to treat due and inhuman immoral tion,large number a of them areforced to their work leave inadequateconditionslowest under the for work. In addi treatment.wages The of ethical sional foreign workers are that act violates minimum the terms for and fragile profes (dating tosixties). It the framework back is an unstructured inTunisiaimmigrants to is subject legal an unauthorized present percentage. highest the And workthe of foreign with the relevant security bodies and judicial authorities. and judicial bodies security relevant the with coordinationin following upcase the And Commission the woman’s assault on anumber violent of girls. on “Facebook” streamingthe video about asuspicion of a ofProsecution Sfax an authorized investigation concerning National Anti-Trafficking Commission,that is the Public commission pagethe that of publishedonwas official the Abolition of Slavery.represented of One bycases the the of January inconjunction National the with Day for the The aforementionedlater was issued 23rdon the report data 10thand11thof the with until January.Commission the not tistics provide Ministries stoppedwas as did some stated datathatAl-Obeidi processand sta of the collecting Regarding Professor of Commission, annual the report the conditions. logistical and financial work difficult Commission the under of ness its role while efforts andthe members of effective its on the Al-Obaidi personal reputation of the influence of Rawda its president on thy the depends of thatCommission activity the the providing in informationpecially and data. It is notewor es institutions, and departments among cooperation cient insuffi the Besides, capabilities. oflack necessary the the the in Commissionand work difficulties the the of noticed ------dominance of perceptionsdominance traditional and misusing power termsin appearof obstacles practice in real the framework, Despite existence the of alegislative and constitutional legal Minorities’ Rights their parents inthiscase. and children awareness the crease of especially citizens, Organizing awareness-raisingorderin to campaigns in their parents, inthis field. and children awareness the increase of especially citizens, Organizing awarenessandawareness orderin tocampaigns of at lawslevel related the assault crimes. to especially sexual network, space combat virtual inthe against crimes children This adequaterequires national the legislation in order to technologies.modern exploiting assaultinto or physically sexual them through abuse andassault of by luring criminalizing sexual them exploitation, are and protect victims who of rights the child ment aimsto abusecombat of prevent children, sexual their on 12th of the wasannounced Julywhich 2007. The agree Abuse Exploitationagainst andSexual Sexual (Lanzarote), of cil Europe Convention on Protection the of Children 15th of On the October 2019: Tunisiato Coun the acceded Children’s Rights - - - because of following reasons: the because defectiveremains framework legal ding others. the Thus, exclu perceptions orderwhile in certain by some toimpose noted: minorities, followingRegarding may the be sexual the Sexual Minorities ofrantee and freedoms rights and freedoms. rights individual that the contradict those especially laws constitution, that the contradict to review need discrimination and hatred.violence, This shows the to monitorin parallel, for homophobia and calls representation the enhanced of minorities, allowed, transformation and human com from rights its legal of characteristic the it loses and incomplete because transitiondemocratic inadequate the makes This laws way its absence. due to these possible challenge as there is no and freedoms, rights individual the is amajor reason forCourt disrupting achieving

The absence of the Constitutionalgua as a Court of the The absence The openness of the democratic space, which which space, democratic The of the openness The lack lack The concentrationof Constitutional of the Laws that contradicts with the constitution the that with Laws contradicts - - - 47 Daam center semi-annual report 48 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition absence of a legal textof explaining legal absence a structure ofthe thisissue, tionfor wonderinga refugees raises questionregarding the “The sub-directorate foraccommodation the and orienta and refugees inTunisia. against immigrants ticed about manythat violations happenare onprac which land talking not conceal does of atabout death the migrants sea systemof for alegal As asylum. according totalking him, misconception regarding obtaining absence inthe asylum reachingin Tunisiasucceeds dire the reality offaces the Also,thatgitives from said whoever warLibya. he in the that adds Tunisiahe infront borders the of close fu the sia’ssignature ofStatus 1951 Refugee the Convention. And of Nationalof Ministry the reports Defense, despiteTuni the throughrecognition, official with Libya, with borders ofaction the of takes immediatedeportation refugeesat the pressconference 2020 that on 9thof Tunisia the February during confirmed al-Hadhili, a Abdal-Rahman Rights, of the head The Tunisian Social Forum Economic and for Migrants andrefugees until today! remainaggressors And the skull. unpunished fractured a fromsuffer tims, one and of internal victims the bleeding orientationon identitygender andsexual vic against the treatmentresulta degrading and inhuman of based cruel, Center.Security by authorized the document Anddical as Hospital tah pretext the not have under did me that they treatmentpreventedAl-Rabbe in from medical receiving of protectedstation. the head by were the As victims the station agent was of police was asecurity who Bab the Bahr Later,dia. of attack the that itaccused discovered was the me this assault documenting on wasshared social A video of Interior. the of Ministry the headquarters the and near ofnight center13th January 2020, the the in ofcapital the Tunisiansexual women assaultedwere on the violently Astrans for three violations, example, amongobserved the protect aggressors. the minorities toplicity of inviolating rights the sexual increase. formspunishment, and discrimination all of violence systems. prehensiveness of defects previous the andpreserves The exploitation security forcesof com their and As aresult of of criminalization absence the and ------turn to their countries. As 53 of aresult, them acquiesced re voluntary of so-called slogan the the under violations to Tunisia of pressure kinds facing all and psychological wereweretransferred Andthen, they 64 immigrants. who from ship the «Mardiff» werewho rescued in May 2019, migrants the ofreturn the of especially refugeesto Libya situation the thatHe confirmed the also Forum observed of origin. to country the center impossibility and the of it except leaving returning inthe residency students, to due compulsory the pecially their situation,not could regularize who es people wefind Andamong residents deported. the be state shall andthey of anconcern issue to annoyance and Tunisian serious the shelter inthe reside center, authorities the them as consider durationand the of stay. As for who migrants irregular the explainingstructure the of nature this issue, the of itswork major wondering text questionof to due legal absence a the for shelter as the refugees, or what iscenter, known a raises The sub-directorate foraccommodation the and orientation naturethe of its work length and of the stay”. Ministry of Education: of Education: Ministry Access the ment between to Information Authority and the 2019: partnership agree 10th The Signing a December of information. incharge ofnot available to accessing department the the administrations,Also, these accessing information inside is ments. gnition ofcitizen’s the toadministrative right access docu ministration, information withholding non-reco andthe to ofaccess information the concept isolation as the of ad The aforementioned commission the absence emphasized informationmaking to available citizen. the notconsistentin requirements the and with of transparency thatare ofadministrative activity tional the bureaucracy tence of tradi and the powers manythe with violations, However,managing thatright. reality proved the exis the toto hancing right access information the of level the in in pathen The noticed be constructive engagementof can approach. approachminatedsecurity by the over human the rights Tunisiannal do is which thisfile, with dealing in policy the Thus, domestic questionas internatio arises and the to them anywithout giving opportunity to apply for asylum. ------Representatives ofPeople the concerning enrichingtext a internal the systemof Assembly quires the of reviewing the institution of an This independent re logic the levels. at all of work of ethics and the honor to the documents logic the andgoing away behind calculations, fromnarrow political necessity The of ensuringCouncil functioning the of the Legislature Recommendations implementationthe of decisions. Indemands. other words, this requires more follow-up of to parties up their follow concerned that by the arefiled lawsuits the provement with itsin performance especially peration amongthat im showsignificant a departments commissionThe continues its despitework lack the coo of access. among cooperation seek no who administrations andthose there as difficulties is of facing tpractical because veloped informationThe right access to fromfarbeing de is still public institutions. and accountability,parency and supporting in confidence relatedto public affairs, the enhancing principles of trans of enriching toinformation right the access framework the within aredecisions Commission thatconsidered these The overtohard a claimant. copythe of document requested the ofStock the ExchangeTunisiain rector General to hand obligating was decision 2nd the Di the While documents. these in dataincluded personal the topermission withhold to obtain a ahard with copy of required documents, the Phosphates Company to“I enable the Watch” organization requiring Manager President the of Gafsa the and General decision a Commission Board issued ofthe The documents. change inTunisia to over hand hard copies of required the obligate Phosphates Gafsa the Company Stock and the Ex starting March, with decisions that including two decisions Commission continuedby issuing activities The its new 19 toaccess information. of capabilities the its (Perspectives) theorists field inthe of and accountabilityrency inits structures, and developing principles enhancingsurroundings. the of transpa Besides, information cess ministry’s the enhance and to openness its annual work plansto grams, toconsolidate right ac the on joint pro based two the parties between framework This agreement aims to establish a cooperative bilateral : ------Tunisian and sector. society civil variousthe entitiesin are andthe concerned which body constitutional relevant the includes which sector media the Establishing for alegislativereformation framework the of following up aggressor against the journalists. for mechanism anda Developing legislative a framework trations state. and the that adminis influence aredetails of the present still inthe interests andthe andeconomic culationsof parties of social andinstitutional procedural narrow conceptthe above cal Tunisia asmoral, a it isconsidered unless defective is still in Democracy will. ofpolitical circumstance inlight aweak andimprovisation vision a clear according to context and However,lopment aspects. of to absence the led its absence restthe with tool of deve the and primary complementary a to be issupposed which development political rolein In that context, constitutional institutions play acentral influence. interests and the tions and economic of parties of social and institutionaldural narrow the ceiling above calcula Tunisia moral, a as proce it is placed flawed unless is still in Democracy will. ofpolitical circumstance inlight aweak andimprovisation vision a clear according to context and However,lopment aspects. of to absence the led its absence rest the ofwith locomotive deve the andprimary mentary acomple to be is supposed which development, in political Forreference, constitutional institutionsplay pivotal a role people’s revolution. on tution,Tunisian the andprinciples itsbased values to consti play the fundamental a rolemaking in supposed Focusing on role of the constitutional the that are bodies it. control to way,best and to avoid politicizing its attempts work and all tent, to ensure role of the constitution the respecting inthe and compe experienced who members independent lecting Accelerating vote the and se on Constitutional the Court system,a single electronically, for example. by of MPs,amendments voting proposed method and the in work,asannouncing such votes,parliamentary in parency focus on amendmentsthe principle is should the of trans going into Amongnarrowa principles detail. that basic the out consistent set mentsshall principleswithout general Any work during amendperiod. post-revolution the tary thatintoof takes parliamen consideration experience the ------49 Daam center semi-annual report 50 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition process with emphasizingprocess point. with previous the to for ensure respect work’s progresson outputs the of the it frommistakes obvious mission the andworking torevise organizing transitional justice. the 2013 concerning toof24th establishing the December and to process the according No. to Law Basic 53 of 2013 dated to implementation the of rest the of procedures related the Truth dedication togetherwith Dignityand Commission, multiple mistakesandshortcomingsrecurring and of the on an thatting objective evaluation the corrects it based of People, the Constitution. inthe as provided authority executive Assembly andthe ofRepresentatives the of the head second the with especially thoritiesis respected, CabinetOffice sentatives of People the according to constitution. the authorityexecutive second Assembly and the of Repre the powersto ensureof the head for of the need the respect The fields. inall country’sthe and policy vision one of considered important for reasons the stability the of managementa This is with experience. byperson a headed current the situation bilitiesthat beyond go of center the capa ofactually requires This Republic. the Presidency the ring, and preparingbe submitted confidentialto reports to taskis the of analyzing,which researching, studying, explo center the referredto mission the entrusted to institute, the No.suggestion Law anddirection. 103of 1993 establishing as andorganization as it isconsidered that ofpower the has to strengthen and need ciety itsadministration andcadres so andacademic civil the interact with should which dies presidency,the with Institute as the such for Strategic Stu role of the institutions to affiliated review It is necessary Presidency Executive Authority licy. monitoring this field and po dominant security the recent strengtheningmeans This the human rights approach in of grationconsistentin international rules the law.with Establishing on of issue the immi alegislative framework Publishing of Truth the report the andDignity Com transitional justice the Respecting process compleand between among to ensurebalance thatau need The the : : ------sident of the Council when he emphasized the continuous the emphasized he when of sident Council the Minister ofliticized Justice. by the Pre Thiswas indicated of light presence in the of po a ofof especially them, each of withMinistry the powersconflict a has overJustice the inducements , and recently it political by was affected cil The Supreme TheCouncil: Supreme Coun Judicial Judicial Judiciary forces by security especially vernment’s and ending action attacks on women journalists, present. at formremains far from program, which being achieved public the administrationit within administrative inthe re of international rules the law. with dance state’sa complete within legislative system inaccor policy approach Tunisian tothe merea security identify to clearly Tunisia in lifeparty as democracy it isreal acondition to achieve influential entities andthe and usingpolitical it to purify The 2ndtransitionin Tunisia party.one awaysion-making frommonopoly of the favor in power of tiatives, and promoting approach aparticipatory deci in youthas supporting associations, ini entity the of local community,of such local the recognized be steps should community.local effectiveness the Andorderin tocodify creatingcenter, separated a the butinteract with it should mean does authoritylocal not idea of only sufficientthe as implementation.legal Butisnot above whatis mentioned Avoid authority and accelerating local politicizing the its Local Authority to at detriment offacility the end the all to disputes avoid sectoral that ultimately justice the weaken relationshipper lawyers, justice with assistants, especially ensurealso a pro should council The general. in facility tice ofConstitution of the jus the to ensure independence the provisions the to respect ciary.on that, it isnecessary Based of authorityactions executive the tocontrol overjudi the Respecting the right of right the journalism Respecting to monitor go the Supporting toinformation right access the by dedicating To according immigration issue stop the with dealing The importance of regulating the role of political money money of importance The regulatingpolitical the role of : ------tion and the respect fortion respect and the difference. democracy, andparticipa principles the of transparency confrontingin Populist Currents, defendingof values the role implement its primary society and civil parties which one, in political the especially from sia its variousaspects, rumor-mongering intention the of especially lityinvolved it, in for who those on intimidation pend from other, the accountabi the and that is not limited to elections. action partisan a means which level vel, at butlocal also the notonly at le of central the parties, academies throughthe generation.occurred systematic Thus, be tical work should of capable forming programs and visions clear poli anew Thinking about the democratic development in democratic the about Thinking Tuni not de that does discourse political Providing sober a towards role of positive the Enhancing parties adopting ------51 Daam center semi-annual report 52 .The policies and legislation observatory related to human rights and democratic transition Committee for the Revolutionary Wounded’ Committeefor Revolutionary the the in isissued to createMosaique decision the FM Medical ‘Special the Tunisian Gazette Official https://bit.ly/30vKBw4. 2019 turn”? 01October facts, online What «No national is the today: campaign Re Launched 31, transitional justiceTunis process, Ultra website, October «No Gharsa, Rajaa Return» bet completingof ... The the bit. 2020ly /31jQH3e The officialGazette, Tunisian the15th of January, 2020 wXVY Tunisian Gazette, 15, Official January The formation constitutionalof bodies ly/2zOYOeU Tunisian the Institute for Strategic Studies JannatBen Sami isappointed of Director as the General ly/3ah73xN Al-Shorouk newspaper, 13 November 2019 is tives website The official the of Assembly of People’s Representa fr/c7mT her resignation from Heart the of Tunisia bloc After Hassan Bin Ibrahim: withdraws Al-MansouriNaima man comments The resignations of the of Heart party’s The Tunisia: spokes Heart of the in repeated Tunisia notbe / https://urlz.frc3Tb The cenario ofNedaaOsamaAl-Khulaifi: will action Tunis https://urlz.fr/bMwx blocs composition inthe Changes of parliamentary some nisia sembly of Representatives the of People, Tu the Radiomed Towards amending provisions the of bylaws of the As the transition democratic Activating for constitutional the framework the and legal Sources https://bit.ly/376KRUY. 2019 https://bit.ly/37SNcDv https://bit.ly/2xYYQ2M : https://urlz.fr/c3SU https://bit.ly/35Z5xwO https://bit.ly/36R- https://urlz. https://bit. https://bit. https: // - - - - - ry 8,2020. ry mayordifficultiesNew of Kasserine, FM,Mosaique Februa path The slow of authorityforminglocal and the practical NY groups’ websitelocal Official gate. of // bit. .2020ly /3b0VU4x officialThe newspaper, Tunisian 15th the of January, nis website, March 20,2019. of the The report Commission, Ultra Dignity and Truth Tu Agenda, 05/2019/ chives, Legal ArchiveDangers (3): The Threatening Commission’sthe Ar Narges TunisianDabash, Truth andDignity Commission https://bit. ly/2u4CBWW commissionla vérité »,Justiceinfo.net, 16/01/2020 « TunisieOlfa Belhassine, autour : Bataille archives des de newspaper, official 2019. December 07 row, 16th the Octoberof 2019. Thursday https://cutt.ly/ be tomorannouncement andthe of results shall final the round results of preliminary second against the appeal the National TV, Administrative the didn’t Court any receive https://urlz.fr/ctkR https://bit.ly/3dEQNHP.2019 nisia’spresidential Nabil candidate Karoui?, 09October file of aboutFrance judicial the we know 24, what do Tu Features path of electoral the ly/2UkG8vi.2019 our region! Municipality News, 15November cisions and move away from infavor partisanship of Municipality our de of Kebili Respect toGovernor: the 2018 Current, Al-Shoroukdemocratic newspaper, November 7, rism”: ... to from the mayor an the independent of Sokhira tourism ... parliamentary party and Aftertou“municipal Elections. website official The High the of Independent Authority for for Elections. website CommissionThe official High the of Independent https://bit.ly/2RUmqFh https://bit.ly/2RT2baY https://urlz.fr/bQUH https://bit.ly/390pOnA https://bit.ly/2Rps9kH https://bit.ly/3606o-31 NU https://bit.ly/2UnmO https://urlz.fr/biw3 https://bit. https: ------the sit-in the today Parliamentand ispreventing journalists Ammari, of possibility the breakingMosaique FM,Khalil The People’s Representatives website. 2Rh1hnd to prepare Al-Zayed ment oflaw. the Dalal onof19th session, the June,appoint the with itconcluded law ontioned 17th of the June2019. Anditsin legislative The Arab Parliament conferenceheld its on the aforemen The Amnesty International report. https://urlz.fr/c3T5 Mosaicassaulting personnel, March FM, security 11, 2020. union representativesLabor criminalizing bill the criticize https://bit.ly/2OitnO1 nate Al-Maghribnewspaper, that period, January 30, 2020. as and meetings governmentvisits consultations domi Hafsa, Dunia after 100 days:working Kais Saeied multiple team.” Mosaique FM,January 20, be from formed a small government “The will Al-Fakhfakh: 01/14/2020 VoteCenter,a East Middle Carnegie of Confidence, Yerkes,Sarah Tunisia’s Has Government to Win Failed statement party websiteofficial the of News Agency. TunisAfrica Al-Masar The statement Representativeof the Barquqi,El Issam the Council. Observatory The Constitution,Tunisian 04,2020. nuary Statement of The the League, Tunisian Ja Rights Human bit.ly/39VWmQL website official The the of news agency. Tunis Africa Tunis, Ultra ment, January 04 Tunisiain confidence gain the of ... to The challenge Parlia Nayla El-Hami, Jemli a reading proposed inthe government 24, 2019 formation shifting and the Ultra obstacles, December Tunis, Ismail,Zuhair negotiations the of forming Government the AyiAqYf https://bit.ly/30BA2rw https://bit.ly/3aq7g1y https://bit.ly/2uMny4J https://bit.ly/2FKoysb https://bit.ly/36ZVMzE https://bit.ly/36gCe9j. 2020. https://urlz.fr/bErS. 2020 https://bit.ly/2RQXaiW https://bit.ly/2FGafVi https://bit.ly/ https:// - - - - - sions, Mosaic FM,March 6,2020. The Access to Informationdeci Commissionnew 19 issues Mohamed, 2019 10thof December of Freedomtoof Decline Press the the Tunisia,in Amira asinternational due Concern MosaiqueEl-Bghoury: FM, informationThe right access to bit.ly/2B3pzN Video situation the showing of Al-Wardeya Center of detention inMelilla Protestsby Tunisianover conditions migrants the irregular ly/2BsAn7r TunisianVideo:Insulting illegal https://bit. immigrants Melilla tosituation is similar the Gardane andBen of Tunisiansin The sufferingthethe of in two centersrefugees of Wardieh piège -Tunisie:Espagne tunisiens migrants les àMelilla, pris au https://bit.ly/3b0aDww VIOLENTLY ATTACKED BYPOLICE, 22January 2020 WOMANTRANS HUMAN DEFENDER RIGHTS FRIFTA Minority rights 18th, Nationalthe Syndicate of Tunisian Journalists, February onprosecute journalists and clamp press down freedom. continuation The agencies to and security judicial of the of 25December Republic, the ofPresidency the constantlyblackout the condemns policy Nationalthe Syndicatepage -, TV- of official the Journalists from entering, 07 December https: //bit. .2020ly /2SIqb0C https://bit.ly/2V5Arkz https://bit.ly/2Vd12fD https://bit.ly/3epVc24 https://urlz.fr/bivW https://urlz.fr/btMb https://urlz.fr/c1S3 https://urlz.fr/blSM . 2019 . 2019 https:// . - 53 Daam center semi-annual report